Rail bolt working machine

Abstract

This application provides a track bolt handling machine, including a machine body and two sets of actuators respectively disposed on both sides of the machine body. Each actuator includes a drive roller, a transmission sleeve, and a mating sleeve. The drive roller is driven by a rotation drive component. The transmission sleeve is driven by a lifting drive component and is connected to the drive roller via a torque transmission structure. The lower end of the mating sleeve has a profile, forming a torque-transmitting profile fit between the mating sleeve and the bolt when the mating sleeve is fitted onto the outer circumference of the bolt head. The lower end of the transmission sleeve is inserted into the mating sleeve, with a first annular gap between them, and connected by a first hinge structure, allowing the mating sleeve to rotate synchronously with the transmission sleeve and also to swing relative to the transmission sleeve to fit onto the bolt head whose axis is not vertical. The track bolt handling machine provided by this application can avoid structural damage to itself and the bolt, while ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of track maintenance technology, specifically relating to a track bolting machine. Background Technology

[0002] Track bolting is an important part of track maintenance, which refers to the regular tightening of bolts on rails and sleepers, rail joints and turnouts to ensure the stability of the track structure and the safety of train operation.

[0003] In existing technology, track bolting is usually done using a fully automatic bolting machine. This equipment directly engages with the bolt head using a lifting sleeve, and the bolt is tightened by rotating the sleeve. Since the bolts on both sides of the track are symmetrically arranged, and two bolts in the same group are usually worked on simultaneously, the equipment needs to be equipped with two lifting sleeves to simultaneously tighten or loosen two bolts.

[0004] The inventors discovered that during use, track bolts can shift vertically due to long-term stress or installation deviations. When the lifting sleeve descends into place, the lower edge of the sleeve can easily collide with the outer wall of the bolt, causing structural damage to the sleeve or bolt. Furthermore, bolt misalignment can cause the axes of two bolts in the same group to become non-parallel; in this situation, the two lifting sleeves cannot simultaneously and accurately engage with their respective bolts, thus affecting operational efficiency and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a track bolt handling machine, which aims to avoid structural damage to itself and the bolts, while ensuring the efficiency and reliability of the operation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: A track bolt handling machine is provided, comprising a machine body for traveling along a working track, and two sets of actuators disposed on both sides of the machine body for respectively engaging bolts on both sides of the working track; the actuators include: A drive roller is disposed on the lower side of the machine body, its axis is parallel to the vertical direction, and it is rotatably connected to the machine body in the vertical direction; the drive roller is driven by a rotation drive component. A drive shaft sleeve is slidably fitted onto the drive roller and is connected to a lifting drive component; the drive shaft sleeve and the drive roller are connected via a torque transmission structure; and A mating sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller, located below the transmission shaft sleeve, and its lower end has a profile that matches the outer contour of the bolt head; when the mating sleeve is fitted onto the outer periphery of the bolt head, a profile fit is formed between the mating sleeve and the bolt that can transmit torque. The lower end of the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the mating sleeve; the mating sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve have a first annular gap and are connected by a first hinge structure, so that the mating sleeve can rotate synchronously with the drive shaft sleeve and can also swing relative to the drive shaft sleeve to fit onto the bolt head whose axis is not vertical.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first hinge structure includes: Two pre-reserved cavities are coaxially arranged and respectively opened on the outer walls of both sides of the transmission shaft sleeve; Two positioning holes, coaxially arranged, are respectively opened on both sides of the docking sleeve and communicate with the interior of the docking sleeve; the two positioning holes respectively communicate with the two reserved cavities; and A ring is fitted around the outer periphery of the docking sleeve and has two convex shafts spaced apart circumferentially. Each convex shaft protrudes radially inward along the ring and is inserted into the corresponding two reserved cavities through the two positioning holes.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the outer wall of the convex shaft is connected to the inner wall of the positioning hole; and the cross-section of the reserved cavity is an elongated strip structure extending in the horizontal direction. The width of the elongated structure is equal to the outer diameter of the convex shaft insertion portion, and the length of the elongated structure is greater than the outer diameter of the convex shaft insertion portion, so that the mating sleeve has the degree of freedom to move relative to the transmission shaft sleeve along the length direction of the elongated structure.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the docking sleeve includes: At least one swing sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller and located below the transmission shaft sleeve; A positioning sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller, located below the swing sleeve, and the lower end of the positioning sleeve has the profile described. When there are multiple swing sleeves, the multiple swing sleeves are spaced apart along the length direction of the drive roller; the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the upper swing sleeve, and there is a first annular gap between the upper swing sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve, and they are connected by the first hinge structure; the lower end of the upper swing sleeve is inserted into the adjacent and lower swing sleeve, and there is a second annular gap between the two adjacent swing sleeves, and they are connected by the second hinge structure; the lower end of the lower swing sleeve is inserted into the alignment sleeve, and there is a third annular gap between the lower swing sleeve and the alignment sleeve, and they are connected by the third hinge structure. Furthermore, when the swing sleeve is single, the lower end of the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the swing sleeve, the swing sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve have the first annular gap and are connected by the first hinge structure; and the lower end of the swing sleeve is inserted into the alignment sleeve, the swing sleeve and the alignment sleeve have the fourth annular gap and are connected by the fourth hinge structure.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the machine body has a telescopic rod extending in a horizontal direction, the telescopic rod being extended toward an idle track parallel to the working track; The telescopic end of the telescopic rod has an anti-tipping mechanism for engaging with the idle track, the anti-tipping mechanism comprising: A slide table is disposed above the idle track and slides in contact with the upper surface of the idle track; the slide bar is connected to the machine body via the telescopic rod, so that the sliding of the slide table and the movement of the machine body are synchronized; and A swing arm is disposed on the side of the slide table facing away from the machine body. It is hinged to the slide table, and the hinge axis is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide table. The swing end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to a turntable. When the swing arm swings downward, the outer surface of the turntable can abut against the side of the idle track facing away from the working track.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the lifting drive component includes: A lifting platform is located on the lower side of the machine body, slidably connected to the machine body in the vertical direction, and is driven by a linear cylinder; and A transmission ring is fitted onto the transmission shaft sleeve, and the transmission ring has a connecting block that extends toward the lifting platform and is connected to the lifting platform; The outer circumference of the transmission shaft sleeve is provided with an annular groove, and the inner wall of the transmission ring has a protrusion that is embedded in the annular groove.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the connecting block is slidably connected to the lifting platform in the vertical direction, and there is an elastic element between the connecting block and the lifting platform, so that the connecting block has an elastic degree of freedom to move upward relative to the lifting platform.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the machine body is provided with two monitors for monitoring the startup status of the two sets of actuators; The transmission shaft sleeve is made of carbon steel or ferrous magnetic metal, and / or a magnetic source is fixedly provided on the transmission shaft sleeve, the magnetic source being a magnet or magnetic metal; The monitor is a magnetic sensor fixedly mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the machine body, facing the magnetic source; when the transmission shaft sleeve moves downward, the magnetic circuit between the magnetic source and the magnetic sensor changes, and the magnetic sensor emits a descent signal; Furthermore, the rail bolt working machine also includes: The controller is electrically connected to the two monitors. The controller is configured to: In response to the descent signal, a machine parking signal is generated to instruct the machine body to stop moving.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the torque transmission structure includes: Multiple strip-shaped grooves are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller, arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drive roller, and each strip-shaped groove extends axially along the drive roller; and Multiple protruding ribs are spaced around the central axis of the transmission shaft sleeve, and are all connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft sleeve. The length direction of each protruding rib is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission shaft sleeve. The multiple protruding ridges are inserted one-to-one into the multiple strip grooves so that the transmission shaft sleeve rotates synchronously when the drive roller rotates; and the transmission shaft sleeve has the degree of freedom to move relative to the drive roller in the vertical direction.

[0015] In one possible implementation, each of the grooves extends through the lower end face of the drive roller; the ridge can pass through the lower end of the groove to separate the drive roller from the transmission shaft sleeve.

[0016] In this embodiment, the drive roller is rotatably connected to the lower side of the machine body, and the transmission shaft sleeve is slidably mounted on the drive roller and maintains synchronous rotation with the drive roller through a torque transmission structure. The lifting drive component drives the transmission shaft sleeve to move up and down along the drive roller, allowing the mating sleeve to approach or move away from the bolt. The lower end of the mating sleeve has a profile that matches the bolt head, forming a profile fit after fitting to transmit torque. The lower end of the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the mating sleeve, with a first annular gap between them and connected by a first hinge structure, allowing the mating sleeve to rotate synchronously with the drive shaft sleeve and swing relative to the drive shaft sleeve within a certain angle range. When the bolt head tilts due to installation deviation or long-term stress, and its axis is not vertical, the mating sleeve can adaptively swing and adjust its posture during descent, ensuring that its lower end profile accurately fits the bolt head, avoiding rigid collision between the lower edge of the sleeve and the outer wall of the bolt.

[0017] The core of the aforementioned structure lies in utilizing the first hinge structure to grant the mating sleeve a degree of freedom to swing relative to the drive shaft sleeve, enabling it to adapt to the actual axial direction of the bolt. Through this technique, on the one hand, even if a single bolt has a tilt deviation, the mating sleeve will automatically swing and adjust due to force during its descent to contact the bolt head, thus smoothly fitting in rather than with a hard impact, effectively preventing structural damage to the sleeve and bolt. On the other hand, when two bolts in the same group have different tilt directions or are not parallel, the two mating sleeves corresponding to the two sets of actuators can swing and adapt independently, without relying on the precise positioning of the machine body, thereby ensuring the simultaneity and reliability of bilateral operations.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the track bolting machine provided in this embodiment can achieve adaptive fitting when there is axial offset of the bolt head by means of the first hinge structure between the connecting sleeve and the transmission shaft sleeve and the reserved first annular gap. This systematically solves the core problems of collision damage caused by bolt tilting of traditional sleeves and the inability to accurately clamp two bolts in the same group when their deviations are inconsistent. It significantly improves the work efficiency, structural safety and the adaptability of the equipment to different track conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the rail bolting machine provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the track bolt working machine provided in the embodiments of this application (part of the anti-tipping mechanism is hidden). Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the two actuators used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a single actuator used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is an exploded structural diagram of the lifting drive component used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission shaft sleeve and docking sleeve used in the embodiments of this application in their combined state; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the drive roller used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the transmission shaft sleeve used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the first hinge structure used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is one of the exploded cross-sectional views of the docking sleeve used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is the second exploded cross-sectional view of the docking sleeve used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the anti-rollover mechanism used in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections of the controller used in the embodiments of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Drive roller; 11. Rotation drive component; 2. Transmission shaft sleeve; 21. Annular groove; 3. Docking sleeve; 31. Swinging sleeve; 32. Alignment sleeve; 4. Lifting drive component; 41. Lifting platform; 411. Linear cylinder; 412. Elastic element; 42. Transmission ring; 421. Connecting block; 422. Protrusion; 5. Torque transmission structure; 51. Strip groove; 52. Protruding ridge; 6. First hinge structure; 61. Reserved cavity; 62. Positioning hole; 63. Ring hoop; 631. Protruding shaft; 10. Machine body; 101. Telescopic rod; 20. Anti-tipping mechanism; 201. Slide table; 202. Swing arm; 2021. Turntable; 30. Monitor; 100. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0023] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 13 The rail bolt working machine provided in this application will now be described. The rail bolt working machine proposed in this application includes a machine body 10 and two sets of actuators.

[0026] The machine body 10 is used to travel along the working track. In this embodiment, the front and rear ends of the machine body 10 are equipped with rollers that connect with the upper side of the working track, and a chuck that engages with the upper part of the working track. Specifically, the working track is an I-shaped three-dimensional structure, with an upper horizontal plate of the I-shape at the top. The chuck extends downward from the side of the upper horizontal plate, and the extended end has a bent portion that extends toward the vertical plate of the I-shape, and the upper side of the bent portion connects with the lower side of the upper horizontal plate.

[0027] Two sets of actuators are respectively installed on both sides of the machine body 10, and are used to connect with bolts on both sides of the working track. In this embodiment, each set of actuators includes a drive roller 1, a transmission shaft sleeve 2, and a docking sleeve 3.

[0028] The drive roller 1 is located on the lower side of the machine body 10, with its axis parallel to the vertical direction and rotatably connected to the machine body 10 in the vertical direction. When the machine body 10 is assembled onto the work track, the drive roller 1 is located on the outer side of the work track in the width direction. To achieve the rotation of the drive roller 1, it is driven by a rotation drive component 11 for rotating around its own central axis. In this embodiment, the rotation drive component 11 is a servo motor fixedly installed inside the machine body 10. The power output shaft of the servo motor is parallel to the vertical direction, and the power output end is coaxially connected to the drive roller 1.

[0029] The drive shaft sleeve 2 is slidably mounted on the drive roller 1. Specifically, the drive shaft sleeve 2 is mounted on the drive roller 1, and the drive shaft sleeve 2 is coaxially arranged with the drive roller 1, and the drive shaft sleeve 2 has the degree of freedom to move in the vertical direction relative to the drive roller 1. Based on this, in order to realize the lifting and lowering of the drive shaft sleeve 2, the drive shaft sleeve 2 is connected to a lifting drive component 4 for driving its vertical movement. Furthermore, the drive shaft sleeve 2 and the drive roller 1 are connected through a torque transmission structure 5. Through this torque transmission structure 5, the force generated by the rotation of the drive roller 1 can drive the drive shaft sleeve 2 to rotate around its own central axis. It should be noted that the lifting and lowering of the drive shaft sleeve 2 will not affect the torque transmission structure 5, that is, the lifting and lowering of the drive shaft sleeve 2 can occur simultaneously with the rotation of the drive shaft sleeve 2.

[0030] The docking sleeve 3 is fitted onto the drive roller 1, located below the transmission shaft sleeve 2; simultaneously, as Figure 6 As shown, the lower end of the mating sleeve 3 has a profile that matches the outer contour of the bolt head. By setting this profile, when the mating sleeve 3 is fitted onto the outer circumference of the bolt head, a profile fit capable of transmitting torque is formed between the mating sleeve 3 and the bolt. This ensures that when the mating sleeve 3 rotates, the bolt threaded with the working track rotates synchronously, thereby achieving the technical objective of tightening the bolt. In actual operation, the degree of looseness of each bolt is different, so the required tightening is also different; for bolts with different tightening requirements, the servo motor is equipped with a control system. This control system can monitor the force transmitted by the bolt to the mating sleeve 3 in real time. When the force reaches the preset threshold, it is determined that the bolt has been tightened. At this time, the control system sends a command to the servo motor to stop immediately or stop after a delay (preset time).

[0031] The lower end of the drive shaft sleeve 2 is inserted into the mating sleeve 3. There is a first annular gap between the inner circumferential surface of the mating sleeve 3 and the outer circumferential surface of the insertion part of the drive shaft sleeve 2. The mating sleeve 3 and the drive shaft sleeve 2 are connected by a first hinge structure 6 so that the mating sleeve 3 can rotate and rise and fall synchronously with the drive shaft sleeve 2. It can also swing relative to the drive shaft sleeve 2 to fit onto the bolt head whose axis is not vertical and transmit the rotational tightening torque to the bolt.

[0032] In this embodiment, the drive roller 1 is rotatably connected to the lower side of the machine body 10, and the transmission sleeve 2 is slidably fitted onto the drive roller 1 and maintains synchronous rotation with the drive roller 1 through the torque transmission structure 5. The lifting drive component 4 drives the transmission sleeve 2 to move up and down along the drive roller 1, allowing the mating sleeve 3 to approach or move away from the bolt. The lower end of the mating sleeve 3 has a profile that matches the bolt head, forming a profile fit after fitting to transmit torque. The lower end of the drive sleeve 2 is inserted into the mating sleeve 3, with a first annular gap between them and connected by a first hinge structure 6, so that the mating sleeve 3 can rotate synchronously with the drive sleeve 2 and swing relative to the drive sleeve 2 within a certain angle range. When the bolt head tilts due to installation deviation or long-term stress and its axis is not vertical, the mating sleeve 3 can adaptively swing and adjust its posture during descent, so that its lower end profile accurately fits the bolt head, avoiding rigid collision between the lower edge of the sleeve and the outer wall of the bolt.

[0033] The core of the above structure lies in using the first hinge structure 6 to give the docking sleeve 3 the freedom to swing relative to the transmission shaft sleeve 2, enabling it to adapt to the actual axial direction of the bolt. Through this technical means, on the one hand, even if a single bolt has a tilt deviation, the docking sleeve 3 will automatically swing and adjust due to the force during the process of descending to contact the bolt head, thus smoothly fitting in rather than hard impact, effectively preventing structural damage to the sleeve and bolt; on the other hand, when the tilt directions of two bolts in the same group are different or not parallel to each other, the two docking sleeves 3 corresponding to the two sets of actuators can swing and adapt independently without relying on the precise positioning of the machine body 10, thereby ensuring the simultaneity and reliability of bilateral operation.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the track bolting machine provided in this embodiment can achieve adaptive fitting when there is axial offset of the bolt head by means of the first hinge structure 6 between the connecting sleeve 3 and the transmission shaft sleeve 2 and the reserved first annular gap. This systematically solves the core problems of collision damage caused by bolt tilting of traditional sleeves and the inability to accurately clamp two bolts in the same group when their deviations are inconsistent. It significantly improves the work efficiency, structural safety and the adaptability of the equipment to different track conditions.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, the first hinge structure 6 includes two reserved cavities 61, two positioning holes 62, and a ring 63.

[0036] Two reserved cavities 61 are respectively opened on the outer walls of the two sides of the transmission shaft sleeve 2 and are coaxially arranged; in this embodiment, the reserved cavity 61 passes through the radial direction of the transmission shaft sleeve 2.

[0037] Two positioning holes 62 are respectively opened on both sides of the docking sleeve 3, communicate with the interior of the docking sleeve 3, and are coaxially arranged; when the drive shaft sleeve 2 and the docking sleeve 3 are combined, that is, when the lower end of the drive shaft sleeve 2 is inserted into the docking sleeve 3, the two positioning holes 62 can communicate with the two reserved cavities 61 respectively.

[0038] The ring 63 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the mating sleeve 3, and its inner circumferential surface is clearance-fitted or interference-fitted with the outer circumferential surface of the mating sleeve 3. The ring 63 has two convex shafts 631 arranged circumferentially, each convex shaft 631 protruding inward along the radial direction of the ring 63, and the two convex shafts 631 can be inserted through two positioning holes 62 respectively, and the end of each convex shaft 631 can be inserted into a reserved cavity 61 communicating with the positioning hole 62.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the lifting and lowering of the transmission shaft sleeve 2 and the lifting and lowering of the docking sleeve 3, as well as the rotation of the transmission shaft sleeve 2 and the rotation of the docking sleeve 3, can be performed synchronously. Simultaneously, a hinged connection between the docking sleeve 3 and the transmission shaft sleeve 2 is achieved. The beneficial effects are: the docking sleeve 3 can swing relative to the transmission shaft sleeve 2 about the convex shaft 631 as an axis (the swing range is limited by the size of the first annular gap), thus giving the docking sleeve 3 a degree of freedom of swing; wherein, the ring 63 is fitted around the outer circumference of the docking sleeve 3, connecting the two convex shafts 631 into one unit, ensuring the coaxiality and structural strength of the hinge point, thereby improving the structural stability of the device.

[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the outer wall of the convex shaft 631 is connected to the inner wall of the positioning hole 62; that is, the positioning hole 62 can provide a stable limiting effect for the convex shaft 631. Furthermore, the cross-section of the reserved cavity 61 is an elongated structure extending horizontally. The width of the elongated structure is equal to the outer diameter of the insertion portion of the convex shaft 631, and the length of the elongated structure is greater than the outer diameter of the insertion portion of the convex shaft 631, so that the mating sleeve 3 has the freedom to move relative to the transmission shaft sleeve 2 along the length of the elongated structure.

[0041] By designing the reserved cavity 61 as a long strip structure, translational freedom can be introduced on the basis of hinge. Its beneficial effect is that when the offset of the bolt axis is large, the mating sleeve 3 can not only adjust the angle by swinging, but also make a slight translation in the horizontal direction, so that the axis of the mating sleeve 3 is further aligned with the bolt axis, thereby reducing the alignment accuracy requirements during mating and improving the mating success rate.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the docking sleeve 3 includes at least one swing sleeve 31 and an alignment sleeve 32.

[0043] The swing sleeve 31 is fitted onto the drive roller 1 and is located below the transmission shaft sleeve 2.

[0044] The alignment sleeve 32 is fitted onto the drive roller 1 and is located below the swing sleeve 31, with the aforementioned profile set inside the opening at the lower end of the alignment sleeve 32.

[0045] Example 1: As Figure 11 As shown, there are multiple swing sleeves 31, and the multiple swing sleeves 31 are spaced apart along the length direction of the drive roller 1; The lower end of the aforementioned drive shaft sleeve 2 is inserted into the upper swing sleeve 31, so that the aforementioned first annular gap is formed between the upper swing sleeve 31 and the drive shaft sleeve 2. The first hinge structure 6 is set between the upper swing sleeve 31 and the drive shaft sleeve 2, so that the upper swing sleeve 31 receives the torque and lifting force transmitted by the drive shaft sleeve 2, and at the same time realizes the technical purpose of swinging adjustment of the upper swing sleeve 31 relative to the drive shaft sleeve 2 to align the bolt head.

[0046] Furthermore, for two adjacent swing sleeves 31 along the axial direction of the drive roller 1, the lower end of the upper swing sleeve 31 is inserted into the lower swing sleeve 31. There is a second annular gap between the outer circumferential surface of the inserted portion of the upper swing sleeve 31 and the inner circumferential surface of the swing sleeve 31. The two swing sleeves 31 are connected by a second hinge structure, enabling the two swing sleeves 31 to swing relative to each other. At the same time, the lower end of the lower swing sleeve 31 is inserted into the alignment sleeve 32. There is a third annular gap between the outer circumferential surface of the inserted portion of the lower swing sleeve 31 and the inner circumferential surface of the alignment sleeve 32. The lower swing sleeve 31 and the alignment sleeve 32 are connected by a third hinge structure, enabling the lower swing sleeve 31 and the alignment sleeve 32 to swing relative to each other.

[0047] In other words, each swing sleeve 31 and alignment sleeve 32 can provide a certain range of swing freedom, which multiplies the adaptive adjustment capability for different bolt conditions, thus enabling it to adapt to bolts with larger tilt angles.

[0048] In practical use, the multi-stage structure consisting of multiple swing sleeves 31 and alignment sleeves 32 can correct the posture of the alignment sleeves 32 in stages during the descent by step-by-step alignment, thus avoiding jamming caused by excessive adjustment angle in single-stage hinges.

[0049] Example 2: Figure 10 As shown, the swing sleeve 31 has a single one; The lower end of the aforementioned drive shaft sleeve 2 is inserted into the swing sleeve 31, so that the aforementioned first annular gap is formed between the swing sleeve 31 and the drive shaft sleeve 2. The first hinge structure 6 is set between the swing sleeve 31 and the drive shaft sleeve 2, so that the swing sleeve 31 receives the torque and lifting force transmitted by the drive shaft sleeve 2, and at the same time realizes the technical purpose of swinging adjustment of the swing sleeve 31 relative to the drive shaft sleeve 2 to align the bolt head.

[0050] Furthermore, the lower end of the swing sleeve 31 is inserted into the alignment sleeve 32, and there is a fourth annular gap between the swing sleeve 31 and the alignment sleeve 32. The swing sleeve 31 and the alignment sleeve 32 are connected by a fourth hinge structure, so that the swing sleeve 31 and the alignment sleeve 32 have the ability to swing relative to each other.

[0051] Compared to Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 has a simpler structure, can cope with most working conditions, and has a low failure rate, making it easier to participate in maintenance and upkeep during actual use.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 12 As shown, the machine body 10 has a telescopic rod 101 extending in the horizontal direction, which is used to extend toward another idle track parallel to the working track.

[0053] The telescopic end of the telescopic rod 101 has an anti-tipping mechanism 20, which is used to engage with the idle track to limit the machine body 10 from tipping over along the width of the working track.

[0054] In this embodiment, the anti-rollover mechanism 20 includes a slide 201 and a swing arm 202.

[0055] The slide table 201 is used to be set above the idle track and slides in cooperation with the upper surface of the idle track; at the same time, the slide table 201 is connected to the machine body 10 through the telescopic rod 101, that is, the slide table 201 is connected to the end of the telescopic rod 101, so that the sliding of the slide table 201 and the movement of the machine body 10 are synchronized, that is, the slide table 201 receives the force generated by the movement of the machine body 10.

[0056] The swing arm 202 is located on the side of the slide table 201 facing away from the machine body 10, and is hinged to the slide table 201, with the hinge axis parallel to the sliding direction of the slide table 201; in this embodiment, as... Figure 12 As shown, the swing arm 202 has an arc-shaped structure, with one end hinged to the upper surface of the slide table 201 and the other end rotatably connected to the turntable 2021.

[0057] When the swing arm 202 swings downward, the outer surface of the turntable 2021 can abut against the side of the idle track facing away from the working track.

[0058] By adopting the above technical solution, the contact point between the turntable 2021 and the idle track forms a reaction fulcrum, suppressing the machine body 10 from tipping over during operation. Its beneficial effects are: when the machine body 10 is subjected to lateral loads and tends to tip over to the side of the idle track, the anti-tipping mechanism 20 provides a reverse restraint force through the contact between the turntable 2021 and the side of the idle track; since the swing arm 202 is hinged to the slide table 201, the turntable 2021 can adaptively conform to the side of the track, maintaining effective contact even when the track is curved or uneven. Compared to traditional anti-tipping structures, this design does not require increasing the weight of the machine body 10 or changing its center of gravity, thus ensuring the original maneuverability of the equipment.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the lifting drive component 4 includes a lifting platform 41 and a transmission ring 42.

[0060] The lifting platform 41 is located on the lower side of the machine body 10 and is slidably connected to the machine body 10 in the vertical direction. It is also connected to a linear cylinder 411 for driving its lifting. Specifically, the linear cylinder 411 is fixedly installed inside the machine body 10, its power output axis is parallel to the vertical direction, and its power output end is fixedly connected to the lifting platform 41.

[0061] The transmission ring 42 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the transmission shaft sleeve 2, and the outer wall of the transmission ring 42 has a connecting block 421 extending toward and connected to the lifting platform 41. When the lifting platform 41 is raised or lowered, the lifting platform 41 can transmit driving force in the vertical direction to the transmission ring 42 through the connecting block 421.

[0062] In this embodiment, the transmission ring 42 adopts a combined structure consisting of two semi-circular rings hinged together, and the hinge is locked by a bolt and nut structure to form a stable ring structure.

[0063] To achieve vertical force transmission between the drive shaft sleeve 2 and the drive ring 42 without affecting their relative rotation, the outer circumference of the drive shaft sleeve 2 is provided with an annular groove 21 that connects end to end. Correspondingly, the inner wall of the drive ring 42 has a protrusion 422 that fits into the annular groove 21. In other words, through the cooperation between the protrusion 422 and the annular groove 21, the transmission of lifting force is achieved, while allowing the drive shaft sleeve 2 to remain stationary while rotating, avoiding interference between the lifting drive component 4 and the rotational motion, and simplifying the structural layout.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the connecting block 421 is slidably connected to the lifting platform 41 in the vertical direction, and there is an elastic element 411 between the connecting block 421 and the lifting platform 41, so that the connecting block 421 has an elastic degree of freedom to move upward relative to the lifting platform 41.

[0065] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the lifting platform 41 has a guide rod extending in the vertical direction, and the connecting block 421 is slidably connected to the guide rod. The aforementioned elastic element 411 is a spring sleeved on the guide rod. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the upper end of the lifting platform 41 and the connecting block 421, and are kept in an elastic compression state, thereby continuously providing the connecting block 421 with an elastic force that moves downward relative to the lifting platform 41.

[0066] Driven by the linear cylinder 411, the mating sleeve 3 can contact the bolt; at this time, the elastic element 411 can provide a buffer stroke. Its beneficial effect is that when the mating sleeve 3 descends to abut the bolt head, the elastic element 411 is further compressed, so that the mating sleeve 3 has flexible contact during the alignment process, avoiding bolt damage or sleeve jamming caused by rigid downward pressure; at the same time, the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic element 411 can help generate continuous downward pressure after the sleeve is in place, ensuring the tightness of the surface fit.

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the main body 10 of the machine is equipped with two monitors 30, which are used to monitor the start-up status of the two sets of actuators.

[0068] The transmission shaft sleeve 2 is made of carbon steel or ferrous magnetic metal, and / or a magnetic source is fixedly installed on the transmission shaft sleeve 2, which is a magnet or a magnetic metal.

[0069] The monitor 30 is a magnetic sensor fixedly mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the machine body 10, facing the magnetic source. When the transmission shaft sleeve 2 moves downward, the magnetic circuit between the magnetic source and the magnetic sensor changes, and the magnetic sensor emits a downward signal. At the same time, when the transmission shaft sleeve 2 moves upward to the initial position, the magnetic sensor emits an upward signal.

[0070] Based on the foregoing, in this embodiment, the aforementioned rail bolt working machine also includes a controller 100, and the controller 100 is electrically connected to two monitors 30.

[0071] Controller 100 is configured as follows: In response to a falling signal from the magnetic sensor, the controller 100 can generate a machine parking signal to instruct the machine body 10 to stop moving.

[0072] In response to the rising signal emitted by the magnetic sensor, the controller 100 can generate a machine movement signal to instruct the machine body 10 to continue moving.

[0073] The monitor 30, in conjunction with the controller 100, enables the machine to automatically stop at a designated point above the bolt. Its beneficial effects are as follows: when the mating sleeve 3 descends to the point of contact with the bolt, the displacement of the drive shaft sleeve 2 changes the relative position of the magnetic source and the magnetic sensor, at which point a descent signal is emitted. The controller 100 then issues a machine parking signal to stop the movement of the machine body 10, ensuring that subsequent tightening operations are performed in a stationary state, avoiding thread damage to the bolt during operation. Similarly, the machine movement signal issued by the controller 100 can prevent the machine body 10 from remaining stationary for extended periods.

[0074] In actual use, the two sets of monitors 30 work independently. That is, the controller 100 only sends out the machine parking signal when it receives two sets of descending signals, and only sends out the machine moving signal when it receives two sets of ascending signals, thus ensuring the synchronization and safety of the operation on both sides.

[0075] In some embodiments, such as Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the torque transmission structure 5 includes multiple strip grooves 51 and multiple protruding ridges 52.

[0076] Multiple strip grooves 51 are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller 1, and are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drive roller 1, and each strip groove 51 extends along the axial direction of the drive roller 1.

[0077] Multiple protruding ribs 52 are spaced around the central axis of the transmission shaft sleeve 2, and are all connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft sleeve 2. The length direction of each protruding rib 52 is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission shaft sleeve 2.

[0078] Among them, multiple protruding ribs 52 are inserted into multiple strip grooves 51 in a one-to-one correspondence so that when the drive roller 1 rotates, the transmission shaft sleeve 2 rotates synchronously; and the combination structure of the strip grooves 51 and protruding ribs 52 does not affect the relative movement of the transmission shaft sleeve 2 and the drive roller 1 in the vertical direction, that is, the transmission shaft sleeve 2 still has the degree of freedom to move relative to the drive roller 1 in the vertical direction.

[0079] By adopting the above technical solution, the protruding rib 52 can slide freely along the axial direction in the strip groove 51, while reliably transmitting circumferential rotational torque. The structure is simple and has a strong load-bearing capacity. In particular, since the mating surface is in planar contact, it is more suitable for dusty and low-lubrication track operation environments than spline or ball structures, reducing the risk of wear and jamming.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, each strip groove 51 extends through the lower end face of the drive roller 1. The protruding rib 52 can pass through the lower end of the strip groove 51 to separate the drive roller 1 from the transmission shaft sleeve 2.

[0081] The design of the through-type strip groove 51 facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the actuator. Its advantages are: when it is necessary to replace the drive shaft sleeve 2 or the docking sleeve 3, the drive shaft sleeve 2 can be moved downward along the drive roller 1, so that the convex rib 52 can be dislodged from the lower end of the strip groove 51, and the drive shaft sleeve 2 can be completely separated from the drive roller 1 without disassembling the drive roller 1. This makes the operation convenient and improves the efficiency of on-site maintenance.

[0082] The above content is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rail bolt working machine comprising a machine body for traveling along a working rail, and two groups of actuators arranged on both sides of the machine body for respectively engaging with bolts on both sides of the working rail; characterized in that, The actuator includes: A drive roller is disposed on the lower side of the machine body, its axis is parallel to the vertical direction, and it is rotatably connected to the machine body in the vertical direction; the drive roller is driven by a rotation drive component. A drive shaft sleeve is slidably fitted onto the drive roller and is connected to a lifting drive component; the drive shaft sleeve and the drive roller are connected via a torque transmission structure; and A mating sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller, located below the transmission shaft sleeve, and its lower end has a profile that matches the outer contour of the bolt head; when the mating sleeve is fitted onto the outer periphery of the bolt head, a profile fit is formed between the mating sleeve and the bolt that can transmit torque. The lower end of the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the mating sleeve; the mating sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve have a first annular gap and are connected by a first hinge structure, so that the mating sleeve can rotate synchronously with the drive shaft sleeve and can also swing relative to the drive shaft sleeve to fit onto the bolt head whose axis is not vertical.

2. The rail bolting machine of claim 1, wherein The first hinge structure includes: Two pre-reserved cavities are coaxially arranged and respectively opened on the outer walls of both sides of the transmission shaft sleeve; Two positioning holes, coaxially arranged, are respectively opened on both sides of the docking sleeve and communicate with the interior of the docking sleeve; the two positioning holes respectively communicate with the two reserved cavities; and A ring is fitted around the outer periphery of the docking sleeve and has two convex shafts spaced apart circumferentially. Each convex shaft protrudes radially inward along the ring and is inserted into the corresponding two reserved cavities through the two positioning holes.

3. The rail bolting machine of claim 2, wherein The outer wall of the convex shaft is connected to the inner wall of the positioning hole; and the cross-section of the reserved cavity is a long strip structure extending in the horizontal direction. The width of the elongated structure is equal to the outer diameter of the convex shaft insertion portion, and the length of the elongated structure is greater than the outer diameter of the convex shaft insertion portion, so that the mating sleeve has the degree of freedom to move relative to the transmission shaft sleeve along the length direction of the elongated structure.

4. The rail bolting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The docking sleeve includes: At least one swing sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller and located below the transmission shaft sleeve; A positioning sleeve is fitted onto the drive roller, located below the swing sleeve, and the lower end of the positioning sleeve has the profile described. When there are multiple swing sleeves, the multiple swing sleeves are spaced apart along the length direction of the drive roller; the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the upper swing sleeve, and there is a first annular gap between the upper swing sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve, and they are connected by the first hinge structure; the lower end of the upper swing sleeve is inserted into the adjacent and lower swing sleeve, and there is a second annular gap between the two adjacent swing sleeves, and they are connected by the second hinge structure; the lower end of the lower swing sleeve is inserted into the alignment sleeve, and there is a third annular gap between the lower swing sleeve and the alignment sleeve, and they are connected by the third hinge structure. Furthermore, when the swing sleeve is single, the lower end of the drive shaft sleeve is inserted into the swing sleeve, the swing sleeve and the drive shaft sleeve have the first annular gap and are connected by the first hinge structure; and the lower end of the swing sleeve is inserted into the alignment sleeve, the swing sleeve and the alignment sleeve have the fourth annular gap and are connected by the fourth hinge structure.

5. The rail bolting machine of claim 1, wherein The machine body has a telescopic rod extending horizontally, which is used to extend toward an idle track parallel to the working track; The telescopic end of the telescopic rod has an anti-tipping mechanism for engaging with the idle track, the anti-tipping mechanism comprising: A slide table is used to be disposed above the idle track and to slide in contact with the upper surface of the idle track; The slide bar is connected to the machine body via the telescopic rod, so that the sliding of the slide table and the movement of the machine body are synchronized; and A swing arm is disposed on the side of the slide table facing away from the machine body. It is hinged to the slide table, and the hinge axis is parallel to the sliding direction of the slide table. The swing end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to a turntable. When the swing arm swings downward, the outer surface of the turntable can abut against the side of the idle track facing away from the working track.

6. The rail bolting machine of claim 1, wherein The lifting drive component includes: A lifting platform is located on the lower side of the machine body, slidably connected to the machine body in the vertical direction, and is driven by a linear cylinder; and A transmission ring is fitted onto the transmission shaft sleeve, and the transmission ring has a connecting block that extends toward the lifting platform and is connected to the lifting platform; The outer periphery of the transmission shaft sleeve is provided with an annular groove, and the inner wall of the transmission ring has a protrusion that is embedded in the annular groove.

7. The rail bolting machine of claim 6, wherein The connecting block is slidably connected to the lifting platform in the vertical direction, and there is an elastic element between the connecting block and the lifting platform so that the connecting block has an elastic degree of freedom to move upward relative to the lifting platform.

8. The rail bolting machine of claim 1, wherein The main body of the machine is equipped with two monitors, which are used to monitor the start-up status of the two sets of actuators respectively. The transmission shaft sleeve is made of carbon steel or ferrous magnetic metal, and / or a magnetic source is fixedly provided on the transmission shaft sleeve, the magnetic source being a magnet or magnetic metal; The monitor is a magnetic sensor fixedly mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the machine body, facing the magnetic source; when the transmission shaft sleeve moves downward, the magnetic circuit between the magnetic source and the magnetic sensor changes, and the magnetic sensor emits a descent signal; Furthermore, the rail bolt working machine also includes: The controller is electrically connected to the two monitors. The controller is configured to: In response to the descent signal, a machine parking signal is generated to instruct the machine body to stop moving.

9. The rail bolting machine of claim 1, wherein The torque transmission structure includes: Multiple strip-shaped grooves are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the drive roller, arranged at intervals along the circumference of the drive roller, and each strip-shaped groove extends axially along the drive roller; and Multiple protruding ribs are spaced around the central axis of the transmission shaft sleeve, and are all connected to the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft sleeve. The length direction of each protruding rib is parallel to the axial direction of the transmission shaft sleeve. The multiple protruding ridges are inserted one-to-one into the multiple strip grooves so that the transmission shaft sleeve rotates synchronously when the drive roller rotates; and the transmission shaft sleeve has the degree of freedom to move relative to the drive roller in the vertical direction.

10. The rail bolting machine of claim 9, wherein Each of the grooves extends through the lower end face of the drive roller; the ridge can pass through the lower end of the groove to separate the drive roller from the transmission shaft sleeve.

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