Elastically connected hydraulic structure for a revetment

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydraulic structure for elastic connection in revetment engineering, including columns pre-embedded in the seabed and underwater buffer units mounted on the columns. The underwater buffer unit comprises a central positioning ring and upper and lower side positioning rings fixed to the column. A movable ring is movably connected between the side positioning rings and the central positioning ring, and a spring is provided between the central positioning ring and the movable ring. Front and rear anti-impact plates are respectively provided on the upstream and downstream sides of the column. Four diagonal braces connect the movable rings and the anti-impact plates to form an X-shaped linkage structure. When water flow impacts the front anti-impact plate, it drives the movable rings to move in opposite directions, compressing the spring, and simultaneously pushes the rear anti-impact plate in the opposite direction, achieving dynamic balance between the front and rear anti-impact plates. This invention's hydraulic structure for elastic connection in revetment engineering transforms rigid stress into elastic buffering, effectively avoiding stress concentration and significantly improving the durability and safety of the revetment structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bank protection hydraulic structures, and more particularly to a hydraulic structure for elastic connection in bank protection engineering. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of water conservancy and coastal engineering, bank protection works primarily function to ensure the stability of riverbanks, lake shores, or coastlines, prevent bank collapses caused by water erosion, and protect coastal infrastructure and the ecological environment.

[0003] Currently, common hydraulic structures for revetment projects mainly include gravity retaining walls, cantilever retaining walls, buttress retaining walls, and various prefabricated and assembled revetment structures. These structures are usually constructed using materials such as masonry blocks, cast-in-place concrete, or reinforced concrete, and have been widely used in engineering practice. The design concept of traditional revetment structures focuses on the strength and overall stability of the structure itself, resisting the soil pressure and water flow impact force behind the wall through the large self-weight of the structure or the friction between the foundation and the ground. In terms of construction technology, on-site casting or on-site assembly of prefabricated components are mostly adopted to form a continuous rigid wall. Its structural form is relatively simple, the stress path is clear, and it can meet the basic protection requirements under normal hydrogeological conditions, playing an important role in ensuring shoreline safety.

[0004] However, existing revetment hydraulic structures generally adopt rigid connection methods, and the components lack the necessary deformation coordination ability. In actual service, such rigid structures often directly bear the continuous scouring of water flow, the cyclic impact of waves, and the additional stress caused by uneven settlement of the foundation with their own stiffness. Since the structural system cannot absorb or dissipate external energy through its own deformation, stress concentration is very likely to occur at the connection points and inside the structure. Under long-term action, damage problems such as concrete cracking, masonry joint expansion, steel corrosion, and even overall structural fracture will occur, and serious damage such as overturning, sliding, or partial collapse may even occur. This "hard-on-hard" stress mode not only weakens the durability and safety of the structure, but also makes later maintenance and reinforcement extremely difficult, often requiring large-scale demolition and reconstruction, resulting in significant economic losses and waste of resources.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies for revetment hydraulic structures have disadvantages such as poor coordination of rigid connections, easy stress concentration, poor adaptability to foundation settlement, low durability, and difficult and costly maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic structure for revetment engineering with flexible connections, transforming rigid stress into elastic buffering, thereby solving the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art. The specific technical solution is as follows: The hydraulic structure for the revetment project is set on the water-facing side of the revetment body, including columns pre-embedded in the seabed and underwater buffer units set on the columns. The underwater buffer unit includes: an intermediate positioning ring fixedly sleeved on the column. Two side positioning rings are fixedly sleeved on the column and located on the upper and lower sides of the middle positioning ring, respectively; Two movable rings are respectively movably fitted between the side positioning rings and the middle positioning ring on both sides of the column; A spring element is fitted between the central positioning ring and each movable ring on the column. The front and rear impact protection plates are respectively installed on the water-facing and back-facing sides of the column; The four diagonal braces have one end rotatably connected to a movable ring and the other end rotatably connected to the front or rear impact plate, respectively. The four diagonal braces intersect to form an X-shaped linkage structure. When water flows and impacts the front anti-impact plate, the diagonal brace drives the two movable rings to move in opposite directions to compress the spring components, and simultaneously drives the rear anti-impact plate to move towards the water-facing side, so that the front and rear anti-impact plates are dynamically balanced under continuous water flow impact.

[0007] Furthermore, both the front and rear impact plates are provided with flow guiding holes, and the diameter of the flow guiding holes on the rear impact plate is smaller than that on the front impact plate, which is used to disperse and buffer the water flow in multiple stages. At least one set of telescopic components is provided between the opposing surfaces of the front and rear anti-impact plates. The telescopic components include a movable cylinder fixed to the rear anti-impact plate and a telescopic shaft fixed to the front anti-impact plate. The telescopic shaft is movably sleeved in the movable cylinder to guide the front and rear anti-impact plates to maintain horizontal relative movement. Reinforcing strips are installed on the opposite surfaces of the front and rear impact plates to enhance the structural strength of the impact plates.

[0008] Furthermore, there are at least two sets of columns arranged in parallel, and horizontal plates are fixedly connected between the movable rings at the same height on adjacent columns. The horizontal plates move axially synchronously with the movable rings to increase buffer resistance by pushing the water.

[0009] Furthermore, a floating wave-damping unit is installed at the top of the column. The floating wave-damping unit includes a positioning cylinder fixed on the side positioning ring at the top of the column, a floating rod movably sleeved in the positioning cylinder, and a floating platform fixed at the top of the floating rod. The floating platform floats on the water surface and can rise and fall along the column axis as the water level changes.

[0010] Furthermore, at least one set of wave-damping plates is provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the floating platform. Each set of wave-damping plates includes multiple wave-damping plates arranged in parallel, with one end of each plate rotatably connected to the floating platform.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple wave-dissipating plates in each wave-dissipating plate group are connected to each other by connecting rods. The connecting rods, wave-dissipating plates, and floating platform together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, enabling multiple wave-dissipating plates to rotate synchronously.

[0012] Furthermore, a through groove is provided on the floating platform, and a guide groove corresponding to the side of the wave-damping plate is opened in the through groove. A movable block is movably connected in the guide groove, and a push spring is provided between the movable block and the inner wall of the guide groove. A push rod is rotatably connected between the movable block and the middle wave-damping plate in each wave-damping plate group, which is used to convert the rotation of the wave-damping plate into the elastic deformation of the push spring.

[0013] Furthermore, the height of multiple wave-dissipating plates in each wave-dissipating plate group increases progressively along the water-facing direction.

[0014] Furthermore, a linkage rod is rotatably connected to the side of the movable ring located below the column, a base plate is provided at the bottom of the waterfront body, and at least one set of spoilers is rotatably connected to the top of the base plate, with the other end of the linkage rod rotatably connected to the side of the spoiler.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes multiple flow-blocking strips disposed on the water-facing side of the spoiler to enhance the turbulence-deceleration effect.

[0016] The hydraulic structure for flexible connection of bank protection engineering of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Through the X-shaped pure mechanical linkage buffer structure, when water flows, the front and rear anti-impact plates move in opposite directions synchronously and compress the spring components to achieve dynamic balance, converting the kinetic energy of the water into elastic potential energy. This effectively avoids stress concentration inside the structure, significantly improving the durability and safety of the revetment structure against long-term water flow erosion and wave impact, and achieving active buffering without external power.

[0017] 2. The unequal diameter guide holes, larger at the front and smaller at the back, achieve multi-level dispersion and buffering of water flow, avoiding local turbulence and secondary scouring caused by complete water blocking; the telescopic components ensure that the anti-impact plate always maintains horizontal relative movement, preventing overturning damage caused by uneven force; the reinforcing strips directly enhance the structural strength of the anti-impact plate and improve its ability to resist large flow impacts.

[0018] 3. By arranging multiple columns in parallel and coordinating the horizontal plates, multiple underwater buffer units form an integrated protective surface, resulting in a more uniform and stable protective effect. As the horizontal plates move synchronously with the movable ring, they push against the surrounding water, generating additional resistance, further increasing the energy dissipation capacity of the buffer system and enhancing its overall impact resistance.

[0019] 4. The floating wave-damping unit adopts an adaptive lifting and lowering setting that follows the water level. The floating platform moves up and down along the positioning cylinder via a floating rod, always maintaining its position on the water surface. This solves the problem that traditional fixed wave-damping structures cannot adapt to dynamic changes in water level, ensuring wave-damping effects at different water levels.

[0020] 5. Wave-dissipating plates are installed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the floating platform, achieving energy dissipation protection across the entire water body. The upper surface wave-dissipating plates eliminate surface waves, while the lower surface wave-dissipating plates eliminate underwater currents, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional bank protection which can only protect against surface waves and significantly improving overall wave dissipation efficiency.

[0021] 6. A parallelogram linkage mechanism is used to connect multiple wave-damping plates, enabling the same group of wave-damping plates to rotate synchronously. This ensures that each wave-damping plate is subjected to uniform force, preventing damage to a single wave-damping plate due to excessive force. At the same time, wave energy can be dissipated by multiple wave-damping plates in a coordinated manner, improving the stability and efficiency of wave suppression.

[0022] 7. The elastic reset mechanism, consisting of a guide groove, a moving block, a push spring, and a push rod, converts the rotation of the wave-damping plate into the elastic deformation of the push spring, smoothly converting the wave kinetic energy into elastic potential energy. This achieves flexible buffering of the waves and avoids the problem of rigid wave-damping structures being easily damaged by impact.

[0023] 8. The gradient setting of wave-damping plate height adapts to the wave propagation characteristics. Waves impact wave-damping plates of different heights in sequence, and their kinetic energy is consumed step by step. The lower wave-damping plates at the front end first break up the waves, reducing the impact force on the wave-damping plates at the rear end, and further improving the overall wave-damping effect.

[0024] 9. By mechanically coupling the underwater buffer unit with the shore-bottom spoiler, active coordination between upper buffering and foundation protection is achieved. The greater the impact intensity of the water flow, the greater the angle at which the spoiler is raised, which can dynamically guide the bottom water flow that is directly impacting the shore foundation upwards, fundamentally avoiding the scouring and erosion of the bottom of the shore body by the water flow, and effectively preventing uneven settlement of the foundation.

[0025] 10. Flow-blocking strips are installed on the water-facing side of the spoiler to further enhance the turbulence reduction effect. When the water flows over the flow-blocking strips, eddies are formed, which additionally consume the kinetic energy of the water flow, further reducing the speed of the upward-flowing water and more effectively protecting the bottom foundation of the waterfront. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of the revetment project according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the columns and underwater buffer units in the hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of the revetment project of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the underwater buffer unit in the hydraulic structure of the revetment project of the present invention, showing its split state.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the floating wave-damping unit in the hydraulic structure of the revetment project of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the floating platform in the floating wave-dissipating unit of the elastic connection hydraulic structure of the revetment project of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 In the hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of the revetment project of the present invention Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the baffle plate in the hydraulic structure of the revetment project of the present invention.

[0033] The attached diagram shows: 1. Waterfront body; 2. Column; 3. Underwater buffer unit; 4. Floating wave-damping unit; 5. Central positioning ring; 6. Side positioning ring; 7. Movable ring; 8. Diagonal brace; 9. Spring component; 10. Front impact plate; 11. Rear impact plate; 12. Guide hole; 13. Telescopic assembly; 14. Movable cylinder; 15. Telescopic shaft; 16. Positioning cylinder; 17. Floating rod; 18. Floating platform; 19. Wave-damping plate; 20. Guide groove; 21. Moving block; 22. Push spring; 23. Push rod; 24. Linkage rod; 25. Baffle plate; 26. Flow-blocking strip. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this invention, the hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of the revetment project of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of a bank protection project. The structure is set on the water-facing side of the bank body 1. It mainly uses the columns 2 pre-embedded in the water bottom as the support foundation. The underwater buffer unit 3 and the floating wave-dissipating unit 4 are integrated on the columns 2. The active protection of the bottom of the bank is achieved through mechanical linkage, forming an all-round elastic protection system from the water surface to the bottom.

[0036] Specifically, at least two sets of parallel columns 2 are pre-embedded underwater at the bottom of the waterfront body 1. The tops of the columns 2 can be inserted into the waterfront body 1 via horizontal inserts to further enhance the overall stability of the columns 2. Each column 2 is equipped with an underwater buffer unit 3, which mainly consists of a central positioning ring 5, side positioning rings 6, movable rings 7, springs 9, diagonal braces 8, a front anti-impact plate 10, and a rear anti-impact plate 11. The central positioning ring 5 is fixedly fitted in the middle of the column 2. The two side positioning rings 6 are fixedly fitted in the top and bottom of the central positioning ring 5 on the column 2, respectively. The two movable rings 7 are movably fitted in the area between the side positioning rings 6 and the central positioning ring 5 on the column 2, allowing the movable rings 7 to slide freely along the axial direction of the column 2. A spring 9 is fitted between the central positioning ring 5 and each movable ring 7, with both ends of the spring 9 abutting against the end faces of the central positioning ring 5 and the movable ring 7, respectively.

[0037] The front and rear impact plates 10 and 11 are respectively installed on the water-facing and back-facing sides of the column 2. Four diagonal braces 8 form an X-shaped linkage structure. One end of each diagonal brace 8 is rotatably connected to the side of a movable ring 7 via a pin, and the other end is rotatably connected to the opposite side of the front or rear impact plate 10 via a pin. Specifically, one diagonal brace 8 is connected to each side of the upper movable ring 7, with one diagonal brace 8 connected to the upper part of the front impact plate 10 and the other to the upper part of the rear impact plate 11; similarly, one diagonal brace 8 is connected to each side of the lower movable ring 7, with one diagonal brace 8 connected to the lower part of the front impact plate 10 and the other to the lower part of the rear impact plate 11.

[0038] When water impacts the front impact shield 10, the horizontal impact force is decomposed into an axial component along the column 2 via the diagonal bracing rod 8. This pushes the upper and lower movable rings 7 towards the central positioning ring 5, compressing the spring 9 and converting the kinetic energy of the water flow into the elastic potential energy of the spring. Simultaneously, the axial movement of the movable rings 7, through another set of diagonal bracing rods 8, causes the rear impact shield 11 to move towards the water-facing side, preemptively assuming a counter-impact posture. This linkage mechanism allows the rear impact shield 11 to actively meet the water flow penetrating the front impact shield 10 while the front impact shield 10 withstands the initial impact. The two are dynamically balanced through the compression and rebound of the spring 9, effectively avoiding the stress concentration problem caused by the direct transmission of impact force to the waterfront body 1 in traditional rigid structures, significantly improving the structure's impact resistance and durability.

[0039] To further enhance the dispersion and buffering effect of the water flow, multiple guide holes 12 are provided on the surfaces of both the front impact plate 10 and the rear impact plate 11, with the diameter of the guide holes 12 on the rear impact plate 11 being smaller than that on the front impact plate 10. When water impacts the front impact plate 10, most of the water flow is initially diverted and slowed down through the large-diameter guide holes 12 on the front impact plate 10, forming multiple smaller water flows. These water flows continue to flow forward, and when they encounter the rear impact plate 11, they are further refined and dispersed through the small-diameter guide holes 12 on it. The kinetic energy of the water flow is dissipated step by step during the two diversion processes. This arrangement of guide holes 12 with larger diameters at the front and smaller diameters at the rear not only reduces the instantaneous peak load borne by a single impact plate but also avoids severe local turbulence and secondary scouring caused by the complete obstruction of the water flow, making it particularly suitable for riverbank or lakeside environments with complex and variable water flow.

[0040] At least one set of telescopic components 13 is provided between the opposing surfaces of the front anti-impact plate 10 and the rear anti-impact plate 11. The telescopic component 13 consists of a movable cylinder 14 fixed to the water-facing side of the rear anti-impact plate 11 and a telescopic shaft 15 fixed to the water-repellent side of the front anti-impact plate 10. One end of the telescopic shaft 15 extends into the interior of the movable cylinder 14 and is movably sleeved with the movable cylinder 14. When the front anti-impact plate 10 and the rear anti-impact plate 11 move relative to each other under the impact of water flow, the telescopic shaft 15 slides axially within the movable cylinder 14, thereby guiding and supporting the movement of the two anti-impact plates, ensuring that they always maintain horizontal relative movement, and preventing the anti-impact plates from overturning or tilting and being damaged due to uneven force.

[0041] Meanwhile, reinforcing strips are fixedly installed on the opposite sides of the front impact plate 10 and the rear impact plate 11. The reinforcing strips can be made of steel or reinforced concrete and are arranged along the vertical or horizontal direction of the impact plate. This can effectively enhance the overall structural strength of the impact plate, improve its ability to resist the impact of large flow and high velocity water flow, and extend the service life of the impact plate.

[0042] When multiple sets of parallel columns 2 are used, horizontal plates are fixedly connected between the movable rings 7 at the same height on adjacent columns 2. The horizontal plates are laid flat and can move synchronously along the axial direction of the columns 2 with the movable rings 7. When the movable rings 7 undergo axial displacement under the impact of water flow, the horizontal plates will push the surrounding water. The resistance of the water will hinder the movement of the movable rings 7, thereby further increasing the buffering resistance of the entire underwater buffer unit 3 and improving the dissipation effect of the water flow impact force. This coordinated arrangement of multiple columns 2 allows multiple underwater buffer units 3 to form a whole protective surface, resulting in a more uniform and stable protective effect.

[0043] A floating wave-damping unit 4 is installed at the top of the column 2 to eliminate the impact of water waves on the shore body 1. The floating wave-damping unit 4 includes a positioning cylinder 16, a floating rod 17, and a floating platform 18. The positioning cylinder 16 is fixedly installed on the side positioning ring 6 at the top of the column 2. The floating rod 17 is movably sleeved inside the positioning cylinder 16, with its top end extending above the positioning cylinder 16 and fixedly connected to the lower surface of the floating platform 18. The floating platform 18 is made of lightweight buoyancy material, enabling it to float on the water surface. As the water level rises and falls, it moves up and down along the axial direction of the positioning cylinder 16 via the floating rod 17, ensuring that the floating platform 18 is always at the water surface, providing a stable support foundation for the wave-damping plate 19. A damping layer can be fitted onto the surface of the floating rod 17 to improve the damping effect at the connection between the floating rod 17 and the positioning cylinder 16, reducing the violent swaying of the floating platform 18 under wave action.

[0044] At least one set of wave-dissipating plates is installed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the floating platform 18. Each set of wave-dissipating plates includes multiple parallel wave-dissipating plates 19, one end of which is rotatably connected to the floating platform 18 via a pin. The wave-dissipating plates on the upper surface of the floating platform 18 are mainly used to eliminate waves on the water surface, while the wave-dissipating plates on the lower surface of the floating platform 18 are used to eliminate undercurrents driven by waves below the water surface. This achieves energy dissipation protection for the entire cross-section of the water body, overcoming the deficiency of traditional bank protection structures that can only protect against surface waves.

[0045] Multiple wave-damping plates 19 in each wave-damping plate group are interconnected by connecting rods. The two ends of the connecting rods are rotatably connected to the sides of two adjacent wave-damping plates 19 via pins, forming a parallelogram linkage mechanism with the connecting rods, wave-damping plates 19, and floating platform 18. When one wave-damping plate 19 rotates due to wave impact, it drives all other wave-damping plates 19 in the same group to rotate synchronously via the connecting rods. This ensures more even force distribution across the multiple wave-damping plates 19, preventing damage to a single wave-damping plate 19 due to excessive force, and also improving the overall wave-damping efficiency.

[0046] like Figures 4 to 6As shown, a through groove is provided on the floating platform 18, and a guide groove 20 corresponding to the side of the wave-dissipating plate 19 is opened in the through groove. The guide groove 20 is set perpendicular to the waterfront body 1. A movable block 21 is movably connected in the guide groove 20. A push spring 22 is provided between the movable block 21 and the inner wall of the guide groove 20 near the waterfront body 1. The top of the movable block 21 is rotatably connected to a push rod 23 through a pin. The top of the push rod 23 is inclined upward and rotatably connected to the side of the middle wave-dissipating plate 19 in each wave-dissipating plate group through a pin. When the wave-dissipating plate 19 is impacted by waves and rotates, it will push the movable block 21 along the guide groove 20 towards the waterfront body 1 through the push rod 23, thereby compressing the push spring 22 and converting the kinetic energy of the wave into the elastic potential energy of the push spring 22. When the wave impact force weakens, the push spring 22 will rebound, pushing the movable block 21 to reset, thereby driving the wave-dissipating plate 19 back to its initial position. To improve the stability of the movement of the moving block 21 and the push spring 22, a guide shaft can be installed in the guide groove 20, and the moving block 21 and the push spring 22 can be movably sleeved on the surface of the guide shaft.

[0047] In each wave-dissipating plate group, the height of the multiple wave-dissipating plates 19 increases progressively along the water-facing direction, with the lowest height of the wave-dissipating plates 19 furthest from the shoreline 1 and the highest height of the wave-dissipating plates 19 closest to the shoreline 1. This height gradient setting adapts to the wave propagation characteristics. During wave propagation, the waves impact the wave-dissipating plates 19 at different heights in sequence, and their kinetic energy is dissipated step by step, thereby further improving the wave-dissipating effect. At the same time, the lower-height front wave-dissipating plates 19 can initially break up the waves, reducing the impact force on the subsequent wave-dissipating plates 19.

[0048] On the side of the lower movable ring 7, a linkage rod 24 is rotatably connected via a pin. A base plate is pre-embedded at the bottom of the waterfront body 1, and at least one set of parallel baffles 25 are rotatably connected to the top of the base plate. The baffles 25 are offset from the column 2 to avoid interference with the column 2 during movement. The other end of the linkage rod 24 is rotatably connected to the side of the baffle 25 via a pin. When the water flow impacts the front anti-impact plate 10, the lower movable ring 7 moves upward along the column 2, thereby pulling the baffles 25 upward around its rotation axis with the base plate via the linkage rod 24. The greater the water flow impact intensity, the greater the axial displacement of the movable ring 7, and the greater the lifting angle of the baffles 25, causing the baffles 25 to gradually tend towards verticality but not reach a completely vertical state. After the baffles 25 are lifted, they guide the water flow that was originally rushing directly to the bottom of the waterfront body 1 into an inclined upward flow, fundamentally avoiding direct scouring and erosion of the foundation of the waterfront body 1. This dynamically adjustable setting can automatically optimize the water flow guidance effect according to the water flow impact intensity, which not only ensures the protection capability, but also avoids the excessive reaction force that would damage the structure when the baffle 25 is completely vertical.

[0049] Multiple parallel flow-blocking strips 26 are fixedly installed on the water-facing surface of the spoiler 25. The flow-blocking strips 26 are arranged laterally on the surface of the spoiler 25, which can further enhance the turbulence and deceleration effect of the spoiler 25 on the water flow. When the water flow guided upward passes through the flow-blocking strips 26, eddies will be formed between the flow-blocking strips 26, which will further consume the kinetic energy of the water flow, thereby more effectively protecting the bottom foundation of the waterfront body 1 and preventing uneven settlement of the foundation and structural damage caused by bottom scouring.

[0050] The working principle of the hydraulic structure for the elastic connection of the revetment project of the present invention is as follows: When water impacts the revetment, the underwater buffer unit 3 first withstands the impact of the main underwater flow: the water flow hits the front impact plate 10, pushing it to the backwater side. The horizontal impact force is decomposed and converted into the opposing movement of two movable rings 7 along the axis of the column 2 by the X-shaped diagonal bracing rods 8. The compression spring 9 converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into elastic potential energy. At the same time, the movement of the movable rings 7 synchronously drives the rear impact plate 11 to move to the frontwater side, actively welcoming the water flow that penetrates the front impact plate 10. The front impact plate 10 and the rear impact plate 11 achieve dynamic balance through the compression and rebound of the spring 9. During this process, the guide holes 12 of different diameters on the front impact plate 10 and the rear impact plate 11 provide multi-stage dispersion and buffering of the water flow. The telescopic component 13 ensures that the impact plate always maintains horizontal movement, and the horizontal cross plate between the multiple columns 2 further increases the buffering resistance by pushing the water.

[0051] Meanwhile, the floating wave-dissipating unit 4 automatically rises and falls with the water level, always maintaining the optimal wave-dissipating position: the water surface waves impact the wave-dissipating plate 19 on the upper surface of the floating platform 18, and the underwater undercurrent impacts the wave-dissipating plate 19 on the lower surface of the floating platform 18. The wave-dissipating plate 19 rotates under the action of the waves, and drives all the wave-dissipating plates 19 in the same group to rotate synchronously through the parallelogram linkage mechanism. The push rod 23 pushes the moving block 21 to compress the push spring 22, converting the wave kinetic energy into elastic potential energy, thereby achieving energy dissipation protection of the entire cross section of the water body.

[0052] Furthermore, the axial displacement of the lower movable ring 7 in the underwater buffer unit 3 is transmitted in real time to the baffle 25 at the bottom of the shore body 1 via the linkage rod 24. The greater the impact intensity of the water flow, the greater the lifting angle of the baffle 25, actively guiding the bottom water flow that was originally rushing directly towards the shore foundation into an upward inclined flow. In conjunction with the flow-blocking strips 26 on the baffle 25, the kinetic energy of the water flow is further consumed, preventing the shore foundation from being eroded and hollowed out at the source. The entire protection system requires no external power and can automatically adjust the protection intensity according to the intensity of the water flow and waves, forming an active buffering mode of elastic deformation and energy dissipation, which significantly improves the durability, safety and long-term service stability of the revetment structure.

[0053] The terms “above,” “below,” and “within” as used above include the number itself; the terms “exceeding” and “excluding” do not include the number itself.

[0054] The present invention has been further described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific descriptions herein should not be construed as limiting the substance and scope of the present invention. Various modifications made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art after reading this specification are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0055] If the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

Claims

1. A hydraulic structure for flexible connection of a bank protection project, located on the water-facing side of the bank body, characterized in that, It includes a column pre-embedded in the seabed and an underwater buffer unit set on the column. The underwater buffer unit includes: an intermediate positioning ring fixedly sleeved on the column. Two side positioning rings are respectively fixedly sleeved on the column and located on the upper and lower sides of the middle positioning ring; Two movable rings are respectively movably fitted between the side positioning rings and the middle positioning ring on both sides of the column; A spring element is sleeved between the intermediate positioning ring and each of the movable rings on the column; The front and rear anti-impact plates are respectively installed on the water-facing and back-facing sides of the column; Four diagonal braces, one end of each of the four diagonal braces is rotatably connected to a movable ring, and the other end is rotatably connected to the front anti-impact plate or the rear anti-impact plate respectively. The four diagonal braces intersect to form an X-shaped linkage structure. When water flows and impacts the front anti-impact plate, the diagonal brace drives the two movable rings to move in opposite directions to compress the spring, and simultaneously drives the rear anti-impact plate to move towards the water-facing side, so that the front and rear anti-impact plates are dynamically balanced under continuous water flow impact.

2. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the front and rear anti-impact plates are provided with flow guiding holes, and the diameter of the flow guiding holes on the rear anti-impact plate is smaller than the diameter of the flow guiding holes on the front anti-impact plate, which is used to disperse and buffer the water flow in multiple stages. At least one set of telescopic components is provided between the opposing surfaces of the front and rear impact plates. The telescopic components include a movable cylinder fixed to the rear impact plate and a telescopic shaft fixed to the front impact plate. The telescopic shaft is movably sleeved in the movable cylinder to guide the front and rear impact plates to maintain horizontal relative movement. Reinforcing strips are provided on the opposite surfaces of the front and rear impact plates to enhance the structural strength of the impact plates.

3. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of columns is at least two sets and they are arranged in parallel. A horizontal plate is fixedly connected between the movable rings at the same height on adjacent columns. The horizontal plate moves axially synchronously with the movable rings to increase the buffer resistance by pushing the water.

4. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the column is equipped with a floating wave-damping unit. The floating wave-damping unit includes a positioning cylinder fixed on the side positioning ring at the top of the column, a floating rod movably sleeved in the positioning cylinder, and a floating platform fixed at the top of the floating rod. The floating platform floats on the water surface and can rise and fall along the column axis as the water level changes.

5. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the floating platform are each provided with at least one set of wave-damping plates. Each set of wave-damping plates includes multiple wave-damping plates arranged in parallel, and one end of each wave-damping plate is rotatably connected to the floating platform.

6. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple wave-damping plates in each wave-damping plate group are connected to each other by connecting rods. The connecting rods, wave-damping plates, and floating platform together form a parallelogram linkage mechanism, which enables multiple wave-damping plates to rotate synchronously.

7. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that, A through groove is provided on the floating platform, and a guide groove corresponding to the side of the wave-damping plate is opened in the through groove. A moving block is movably connected in the guide groove, and a push spring is provided between the moving block and the inner wall of the guide groove. A push rod is rotatably connected between the moving block and the middle wave-damping plate in each wave-damping plate group, which is used to convert the rotation of the wave-damping plate into the elastic deformation of the push spring.

8. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that, In each set of wave-dissipating plates, the height of the multiple wave-dissipating plates increases progressively along the water-facing direction.

9. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment works according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, A linkage rod is rotatably connected to the side of the movable ring located below the column. A base plate is provided at the bottom of the waterfront body. At least one set of spoilers is rotatably connected to the top of the base plate. The other end of the linkage rod is rotatably connected to the side of the spoiler.

10. The hydraulic structure for elastic connection of revetment engineering according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes multiple flow-blocking strips installed on the water-facing side of the spoiler to enhance the turbulence and deceleration effect.

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