Ecological filter dam water quality improvement construction method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural non-point source pollution, water conservancy engineering and water environment management. Specifically, it discloses a construction method for improving water quality with an ecological filter dam, including the following steps: S1, surveying and excavation: The filter dam is positioned between the sedimentation and purification tank and the aeration tank, or between the aeration tank and the fish, bacteria and algae pond. After laying out the lines, mechanical excavation is performed and the bottom is manually cleaned. A crushed stone cushion layer is laid and compacted. S2, formwork and pouring: The filter dam base slab, partition walls and wing walls are poured with concrete. Drainage holes are reserved in the wing walls and a reverse filter layer is installed. Post-construction maintenance; S3. Constructing a hollow brick retaining wall: Construct a hollow brick retaining wall with the holes of the hollow bricks facing the direction of water flow, using mortar with a specific mix ratio for construction and curing; S4. Construction of the capping beam: Pour a concrete capping beam, and pour and cure it after formwork is erected; S5. Installing the prefabricated fence: Insert the prefabricated fence into the reserved slots in the retaining wall; S6. Filling the bagged filter material: Fill the fence compartments with bagged filter material in layers; S7. Covering the top: Backfill the soil at both ends of the filter dam and compact it, then lay the fiberglass grating cover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of agricultural non-point source pollution, water conservancy engineering and water environment management, specifically to a construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filter dam. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of wastewater discharged contain nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which seriously impact aquatic ecosystems, leading to increasingly severe water pollution problems. The need for wastewater treatment, particularly in aquaculture and related industries, is urgent. Traditional wastewater treatment processes suffer from high construction costs, complex maintenance, and poor ecological adaptability, making it difficult to meet the demands of sustainable treatment.

[0003] In relevant engineering practices, traditional technologies often rely on single physical filtration or chemical treatment methods, which not only have limited purification efficiency but may also introduce secondary pollution. For example, simple mechanical filtration requires frequent replacement of filter media, resulting in high operation and maintenance costs; while chemical treatment may disrupt the ecological balance of aquatic bodies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a construction method for ecological filtration dams to improve water quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a construction method for improving water quality in ecological filter dams, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filtration dam, comprising the following steps: S1. Measurement and excavation: Locate the filter dam between the sedimentation and purification tank and the aeration tank, or between the aeration tank and the fish, bacteria and algae pond. After laying out the lines, mechanically excavate and manually clean the bottom, lay a crushed stone cushion layer and compact it.

[0006] S2. Formwork and pouring: Concrete is used to pour the bottom slab, partition wall and wing wall of the filter dam. Drainage holes are reserved in the wing wall and a reverse filter layer is set. Curing is carried out after pouring.

[0007] S3. Construct a hollow brick retaining wall. The hollow bricks should have holes facing the direction of water flow. Use mortar with a specific mix ratio for construction and curing.

[0008] S4. Construction of the capping beam: Pour concrete capping beams, and then pour and cure them after setting up the formwork.

[0009] S5. Install the finished fence by inserting it into the pre-reserved slot in the retaining wall.

[0010] S6. Fill with bagged filter media. Fill the bagged filter media in layers within the grid compartments.

[0011] S7. Cover the top with a cover plate, backfill the soil at both ends of the filter dam and compact it, and lay fiberglass grating cover plates.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the measurement and excavation step, the filter dam is positioned with dimensions of 6650mm in length, 6150mm in width, and 2100mm in height. After mechanical excavation, a 200mm thick soil layer is retained for manual cleaning, and a 100mm thick crushed stone cushion layer is laid and compacted.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the formwork pouring step, C25 concrete is used, the base plate dimensions are 7050mm long, 2800mm wide, and 500mm high, the partition wall is 2600mm long, 1200mm wide, and 200mm high, the wing wall is 6150mm long, 2000mm wide, and 200mm high, the wing wall has a 50mm drainage hole and is wrapped with a non-woven fabric filter layer, the layered pouring thickness is ≤200mm, the vibration time is 30s, and the curing time is more than 14 days.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when constructing the hollow brick retaining wall, standard two-hole load-bearing hollow bricks of 390×190×190mm are used, the mortar ratio is cement:sand=1:3, the retaining wall dimensions are 1950mm in length and 1200mm in height, and water curing is carried out after construction.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the construction of the capping beam, the capping beam has dimensions of 6250mm in length, 2400mm in width, and 120mm in height, uses C25 concrete with added air-entraining agent, has a formwork verticality error ≤2mm / m, a flatness error ≤3mm / m, and is cured for more than 7 days.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the finished fence has a specification of 2000×500×50mm, an aperture of 19mm×19mm, and is made of high-strength polyethylene or fiberglass, with a total of 6 pieces inserted into the reserved slots in the retaining wall.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bagged filter material is filled with a ratio of 60% activated carbon, 10% zeolite, 10% graded crushed stone, and 20% ceramsite. During filling, the material is evenly layered and water is sprinkled to reduce sedimentation.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the capping step, the backfilling of the earth is carried out in layers and compacted, with each layer having a thickness of ≤30cm and a compaction degree of ≥0.93. The fiberglass grating cover plate has a specification of 2200×920×120mm, with a total of 6 pieces and a gap of 5mm.

[0019] In summary, the ecological filter dam of this invention is suitable for the treatment of tailwater from fish farms, agricultural irrigation, and small rural water bodies, and is especially suitable for the treatment of tailwater from aquaculture.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention can effectively filter water with different characteristics, especially excelling in removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. By rationally configuring filter media, plants, and microorganisms, the system can be optimized and adjusted for different pollution sources through the dual effects of biodegradation and physical filtration, thereby improving the overall water purification effect.

[0021] The operation of this invention relies on the natural ecological cycle of the packing material, eliminating equipment wear and malfunctions. Regular maintenance and simple cleaning ensure efficient operation, eliminating the need for frequent professional repairs, saving labor costs, and extending the system's lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filtration dam, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Measurement and Excavation: Locate the filter dam between the sedimentation and purification tank and the aeration tank, or between the aeration tank and the fish, bacteria and algae pond. After laying out the lines, mechanically excavate and manually clean the bottom, lay a crushed stone bedding layer and compact it.

[0027] Specifically, in the measurement and excavation steps, the filter dam is positioned with dimensions of 6650mm in length, 6150mm in width, and 2100mm in height. After mechanical excavation, a 200mm thick soil layer is retained for manual cleaning, followed by the laying and compaction of a 100mm thick crushed stone cushion layer. During the excavation process, care should be taken to protect vegetation and the environment to avoid damaging the surrounding landscape.

[0028] Step 2, Formwork and Casting: Concrete is used to cast the bottom slab, partition wall and wing wall of the filter dam. Drainage holes are reserved in the wing wall and a reverse filter layer is set. Curing is carried out after casting.

[0029] Specifically, in the formwork pouring step, C25 concrete is used, the base plate dimensions are 7050mm long, 2800mm wide, and 500mm high, the partition wall is 2600mm long, 1200mm wide, and 200mm high, the wing wall is 6150mm long, 2000mm wide, and 200mm high, the wing wall has a 50mm drainage hole and is wrapped with a non-woven fabric filter layer, the layer pouring thickness is ≤200mm, the vibration time is 30s, and the curing time is more than 14 days.

[0030] The formwork should be erected to ensure its flatness and verticality, and it should be firmly fixed to prevent displacement or loosening during concrete pouring.

[0031] Use a vibrator for compaction. When the concrete slump is suitable, the vibration time should be controlled to around 30 seconds to ensure the concrete's density and durability. After the filter dam is poured, smooth the surface and cover it with damp straw mats for natural curing for at least 14 days.

[0032] Step 3: Construct a hollow brick retaining wall: Construct a hollow brick retaining wall with the holes of the hollow bricks facing the direction of water flow, using mortar with a specific mix ratio for construction and curing.

[0033] Specifically, when constructing the hollow brick retaining wall, standard two-hole load-bearing hollow bricks (390×190×190mm) are used. The mortar mix ratio is cement:sand = 1:3. The retaining wall dimensions are 1950mm in length and 1200mm in height. After construction, it is cured with water. Before construction, cleaning and necessary roughening treatment should be carried out. During construction, a line should be drawn on both sides, and each layer of bricks should be checked for levelness to ensure uniform, straight, and smooth horizontal joints. The mortar thickness is generally 10-15mm, and the mortar joints should be controlled within 10mm.

[0034] Step 4: Construction of the capping beam: Pour concrete capping beams, and then pour and cure them after setting up the formwork.

[0035] Specifically, during the construction of the capping beam, the dimensions of the capping beam are 6250mm in length, 2400mm in width, and 120mm in height. C25 concrete with added air-entraining agent is used. The verticality error of the formwork is ≤2mm / m, the flatness error is ≤3mm / m, and it is cured for more than 7 days.

[0036] Vibration should be performed simultaneously during pouring to eliminate voids. After the capping beam is poured, it should be covered and kept moist, and cured naturally for at least 7 days to ensure that the concrete strength gradually increases to the design standard.

[0037] Step 5: Install the finished fence: Insert the finished fence into the pre-reserved slots in the retaining wall.

[0038] Specifically, the finished fence has dimensions of 2000×500×50mm, a hole diameter of 19mm×19mm, and is made of high-strength polyethylene or fiberglass. A total of 6 pieces are inserted into the pre-reserved slots in the retaining wall.

[0039] During installation, the fence should be lowered slowly to the bottom of the slot to prevent damage or deformation due to impact. After installation, check the fixing of all fence slots to ensure they are secure and reliable.

[0040] Step 6: Fill with bagged filter media: Fill the filter media in layers within the grid compartments.

[0041] Specifically, the bagged filter media is filled with a mixture of 60% activated carbon, 10% zeolite, 10% graded crushed stone, and 20% ceramsite. During filling, the media is evenly layered and water is sprinkled to reduce sedimentation.

[0042] In addition, to ensure good drainage performance of the filter dam during the flood season, the filling status of the filter media needs to be checked regularly, and the filler material should be removed in time before the flood season to ensure smooth drainage. After filling, the entire filter media layer should be lightly sprayed with water to reduce gaps caused by settlement.

[0043] Step 7: Covering the top: Backfill the soil at both ends of the filter dam and compact it, then lay the fiberglass grating cover.

[0044] Specifically, in the capping step, the backfill soil is compacted in layers, with each layer having a thickness of ≤30cm and a compaction degree of ≥0.93. The fiberglass grating cover plate has a specification of 2200×920×120mm, with a total of 6 pieces and a gap of 5mm.

[0045] Before installation, each grating panel is inspected to ensure it is free of damage and defects. Then, the fiberglass gratings are placed sequentially at the top of the partition wall, flush with the capping beam. This is for ease of future maintenance.

[0046] In summary, the ecological filter dam of this invention is suitable for the treatment of tailwater from fish farms, agricultural irrigation, and small rural water bodies, and is especially suitable for the treatment of tailwater from aquaculture.

[0047] The purification principle of this ecological filter dam is mainly based on a combination of physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms. Firstly, through physical means, the fine-pore grilles of the filter dam effectively capture suspended solids and particles settled in the water, performing coarse filtration and reducing the original turbidity of the water. Secondly, the filter media (such as activated carbon, zeolite, and other porous materials) has excellent adsorption properties, effectively absorbing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, reducing the risk of eutrophication. Furthermore, the filter media provides a favorable attachment environment for microbial growth, enhancing the self-purification capacity of the water. As wastewater flows through the filter dam, organic matter in the water is assimilated by microorganisms and further transformed into harmless substances, making the purification effect even more significant.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction method for improving water quality using an ecological filtration dam, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Measurement and excavation: Locate the filter dam between the sedimentation and purification tank and the aeration tank, or between the aeration tank and the fish, bacteria and algae pond. After laying out the line, mechanically excavate and manually clean the bottom. Lay a crushed stone cushion layer and compact it. S2. Formwork and pouring: Concrete is used to pour the bottom slab, partition wall and wing wall of the filter dam. Drainage holes are reserved in the wing wall and a reverse filter layer is set. Curing is carried out after pouring. S3. Construct a hollow brick retaining wall. The hollow bricks should have holes facing the direction of water flow. Use mortar with a specific mix ratio for construction and curing. S4. Construction of the capping beam: Pour concrete capping beam, set up formwork, pour and cure. S5. Install the finished fence by inserting it into the pre-reserved slot in the retaining wall. S6. Fill with bagged filter media, filling the bagged filter media in layers within the grid compartments; S7. Cover the top with a cover plate, backfill the soil at both ends of the filter dam and compact it, and lay fiberglass grating cover plates.

2. The construction method for improving water quality using an ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the measurement and excavation steps, the filter dam is positioned with dimensions of 6650mm in length, 6150mm in width, and 2100mm in height. After mechanical excavation, a 200mm thick soil layer is left for manual cleaning, and a 100mm thick crushed stone cushion layer is laid and compacted.

3. The construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the formwork pouring step, C25 concrete is used. The dimensions of the base plate are 7050mm long, 2800mm wide, and 500mm high. The partition wall is 2600mm long, 1200mm wide, and 200mm high. The wing wall is 6150mm long, 2000mm wide, and 200mm high. The wing wall has a 50mm drainage hole and is wrapped with a non-woven fabric filter layer. The thickness of each layer is ≤200mm. The vibration time is 30s. The curing time is more than 14 days.

4. The construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: When constructing the hollow brick retaining wall, standard two-hole load-bearing hollow bricks of 390×190×190mm are used. The mortar ratio is cement and sand = 1:

3. The retaining wall dimensions are 1950mm in length and 1200mm in height. After construction, the wall is cured by watering.

5. The construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filtration dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the construction of the capping beam, the dimensions of the capping beam are 6250mm in length, 2400mm in width, and 120mm in height. C25 concrete with added air-entraining agent is used. The verticality error of the formwork is ≤2mm / m, the flatness error is ≤3mm / m, and it is cured for more than 7 days.

6. The construction method for improving water quality using an ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The finished fence has dimensions of 2000×500×50mm, a hole diameter of 19mm×19mm, and is made of high-strength polyethylene or fiberglass. A total of 6 pieces are inserted into the pre-reserved slots in the retaining wall.

7. The construction method for improving water quality using an ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bagged filter media is filled with a mixture of 60% activated carbon, 10% zeolite, 10% graded crushed stone, and 20% ceramsite. During filling, the media is evenly layered and water is sprinkled to reduce sedimentation.

8. The construction method for improving water quality in an ecological filtration dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the capping step, the backfill soil is compacted in layers, with each layer having a thickness of ≤30cm and a compaction degree of ≥0.

93. The fiberglass grating cover plate has a specification of 2200×920×120mm, with a total of 6 pieces and a gap of 5mm.

9. A construction method for improving water quality using an ecological filtration dam according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The ecological filter dam is suitable for the treatment of tailwater from fish farms, agricultural irrigation, and small rural water bodies, and is especially suitable for the treatment of tailwater from aquaculture.

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