Composite face panel structure and face rockfill dam

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite panel structure and a panel rockfill dam. The composite panel structure includes: a structural layer configured to be attached to the cushion layer of the panel rockfill dam; a buffer layer and a protective layer. Along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam, the buffer layer is laid on the surface of the structural layer opposite to the cushion layer, and the protective layer is laid on the surface of the buffer layer opposite to the structural layer. Therefore, by adopting a three-layer composite panel system and absorbing and reducing the explosive impact load through the deformation energy dissipation of the buffer layer and the protective layer to protect the structural layer, the blast resistance and blast capability of the panel rockfill dam can be effectively improved. This enables the panel rockfill dam to resist, absorb, and adapt to explosive disasters, which is beneficial to improving the anti-terrorism and blast resistance performance of the panel rockfill dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of civil engineering and water conservancy technology, and in particular to a composite panel structure and a panel rockfill dam. Background Technology

[0002] Among related technologies, rockfill dams with concrete panels are a widely used dam type, with advantages such as low cost and strong adaptability. Currently, most rockfill dams with concrete panels are ordinary concrete-faced rockfill dams, which only consider normal seepage prevention performance in their design and do not take into account the impact of special environments such as wartime explosions. This results in insufficient blast resistance and military attack resistance of rockfill dams with concrete panels, poor toughness, and a lack of ability to resist, absorb, and adapt to explosive disasters. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a composite panel structure that can significantly improve the blast resistance and blast capacity of rockfill dams, enabling rockfill dams to resist, absorb and adapt to blast disasters.

[0004] The present invention further proposes a panel rockfill dam.

[0005] The composite panel structure according to the present invention includes: a structural layer configured to be attached to a cushion layer of a panel rockfill dam; a buffer layer and a protective layer, wherein, along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam, the buffer layer is laid on the surface of the structural layer opposite to the cushion layer, and the protective layer is laid on the surface of the buffer layer opposite to the structural layer.

[0006] According to the composite panel structure of the present invention, by adopting a three-layer panel structure, the deformation energy dissipation of the buffer layer and the protective layer is used to absorb and reduce the explosive impact load, thereby protecting the structural layer. This can effectively improve the blast resistance toughness and blast resistance of the panel rockfill dam, enabling the panel rockfill dam to resist, absorb and adapt to explosive disasters, which is beneficial to improving the anti-terrorism and blast resistance performance of the panel rockfill dam.

[0007] In some examples of the present invention, the protective layer includes a plurality of protective sub-layers, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction to form a vertical slit between two adjacent protective sub-layers, wherein the first direction is parallel to the protective layer.

[0008] In some examples of the present invention, the protective sublayer includes a plurality of protective blocks, the plurality of protective blocks being arranged sequentially at intervals along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, such that a horizontal seam is formed between two adjacent protective blocks along the second direction.

[0009] In some examples of the present invention, the composite panel structure further includes a seal disposed within the horizontal and vertical seams.

[0010] In some examples of the invention, the vertical seam is aligned with the seam of the structural layer.

[0011] In some examples of the present invention, along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent horizontal seams is A, and A satisfies the relationship: 15m≤A≤25m.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, the thickness of the structural layer gradually increases from top to bottom along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam.

[0013] In some examples of the present invention, the thickness of the buffer layer is B, which satisfies the relationship: 4cm≤B≤6cm; and / or, the thickness of the protective layer is C, which satisfies the relationship: 8cm≤C≤12cm.

[0014] In some examples of the invention, the structural layer is configured as reinforced concrete and employs double-layer reinforcement.

[0015] The panel rockfill dam according to the present invention includes the above-described composite panel structure.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a panel rockfill dam according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the protective layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: Panel rockfill dam 100; bedding layer 99; Composite panel structure 10; structural layer 11; buffer layer 12; protective layer 13; protective sublayer 131; protective block 1311; Vertical joint 21; horizontal joint 22; transverse reinforcement 23; longitudinal reinforcement 24. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] The following is for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A composite panel structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0021] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the composite panel structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a structural layer 11, a buffer layer 12, and a protective layer 13.

[0022] Structural layer 11 is configured to be attached to the cushion layer 99 of the face rockfill dam 100; along the height direction of the face rockfill dam 100 (i.e. Figure 1 (As shown in the Z direction), the buffer layer 12 is laid on the surface of the structural layer 11 away from the padding layer 99, and the protective layer 13 is laid on the surface of the buffer layer 12 away from the structural layer 11.

[0023] That is, along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam 100, the structural layer 11, buffer layer 12, and protective layer 13 are stacked sequentially from bottom to top. As some embodiments of this application, the panel rockfill dam 100 includes a cushion layer 99 and a rockfill body. The cushion layer 99 is laid on the rockfill body, and the structural layer 11 is attached to the cushion layer 99, along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam 100 (i.e.,...). Figure 1 (As shown in the Z direction), the buffer layer 12 is laid on the surface of the structural layer 11 away from the padding layer 99, and the protective layer 13 is laid on the surface of the buffer layer 12 away from the structural layer 11.

[0024] It is understood that the composite panel structure 10 of this application forms a rigid-flexible-tough gradient protection mechanism from the inside out. The protective layer 13 can resist the initial impact and disperse the stress on the outer layer, the buffer layer 12 can play an energy dissipation role and significantly attenuate the impact force transmitted to the structural layer 11. After buffering, the structural layer 11 can safely bear the remaining load. The three work together to systematically improve the blast resistance of the panel rockfill dam 100.

[0025] As some embodiments of this application, the protective layer 13 is configured as high-toughness concrete. Specifically, the high-toughness concrete can be, but is not limited to, PVA-ECC (fiber-reinforced high-toughness concrete), UHPC (ultra-high performance concrete), etc., which has extremely high tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain and impact toughness, and can resist and disperse impact force through locally controllable micro-cracking and deformation.

[0026] As some embodiments of this application, the buffer layer 12 is configured as an asphalt concrete layer, which has excellent flexibility and viscoelasticity. When subjected to an explosive impact, it can absorb and dissipate a large amount of shock wave energy through its own plastic deformation and internal friction, playing a role in stress buffering and isolation, and reducing the risk of the outer impact energy being directly and violently transmitted to the structural layer 11.

[0027] As some embodiments of this application, the structural layer 11 is configured as reinforced concrete, which has good impermeability and meets the requirements for long-term operation and seismic fortification.

[0028] Therefore, by adopting a three-layer panel structure, the energy dissipation of the deformation of the buffer layer 12 and the protective layer 13 is used to absorb and reduce the explosive impact load, thereby protecting the structural layer 11. This effectively improves the blast resistance toughness and blast resistance of the panel rockfill dam 100, enabling the panel rockfill dam 100 to resist, absorb and adapt to explosive disasters, which is conducive to improving the wartime safety of the panel rockfill dam 100.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the protective layer 13 includes a plurality of protective sublayers 131, which are arranged along a first direction (i.e., Figure 2 The protective sublayers 131 are arranged at intervals in the X direction (as shown) to form a vertical seam 21 between adjacent protective sublayers 131. The first direction (i.e. Figure 2 The X direction shown is parallel to the protective layer 13.

[0030] The number of protective sublayers 131 is multiple, and the number of protective sublayers 131 can be, but is not limited to, five or six, etc., and the multiple protective sublayers 131 are arranged along the first direction (i.e. Figure 2 The protective sublayers 131 are arranged sequentially at intervals (as shown in the X direction). Adjacent protective sublayers 131 are spaced apart to form a vertical seam 21. The first direction (i.e....) Figure 2 The X direction shown is parallel to the protective layer 13.

[0031] This design allows for modular design of the protective layer 13, limiting the damage from an explosion to a single or a few protective sub-layers 131. This reduces the risk of the protective layer 13 being destroyed as a whole and enables rapid, modular replacement of the protective layer 13, resulting in high repair efficiency and significantly improving the functional recovery speed and resilience of the panel rockfill dam 100 after a disaster.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 2 As shown, the protective sublayer 131 includes multiple protective blocks 1311, which are arranged perpendicular to the first direction (i.e., Figure 2 The second direction (i.e., the X direction shown) Figure 2 The Y-direction shown is arranged sequentially at intervals so that along the second direction (i.e. Figure 2A horizontal seam 22 is formed between two adjacent protective blocks 1311 (shown in the Y direction).

[0033] Among them, multiple protective blocks 1311 are perpendicular to the first direction (i.e. Figure 2 The second direction (i.e., the X direction shown) Figure 2 Arranged sequentially at intervals along the Y direction (as shown), and along the second direction (i.e. Figure 2 (as shown in the Y direction), there is a horizontal seam 22 between two adjacent protective blocks 1311.

[0034] As some embodiments of this application, multiple protective blocks 1311 of multiple protective sublayers 131 are along a first direction (i.e. Figure 2 Alignment settings (shown in the X direction).

[0035] As some embodiments of this application, the protective layer 13 is formed with a vertical seam 21 and a horizontal seam 22. Both the vertical seam 21 and the horizontal seam 22 penetrate the protective layer 13 along the thickness direction of the protective layer 13 to divide the protective layer 13 into a plurality of protective blocks 1311, and the plurality of protective blocks 1311 are arranged in an array.

[0036] Understandably, the second direction (i.e.) Figure 2 The Y-direction shown is parallel to the composite panel structure 10 and perpendicular to the first direction (i.e., Figure 2 The direction shown is the X direction. This configuration allows for modular design of the protective layer 13, limiting the damage from an explosion to a single or a few protective blocks 1311. This reduces the risk of the protective layer 13 being destroyed as a whole and enables rapid replacement of the protective layer 13 in sections, resulting in high repair efficiency and greatly improving the functional recovery speed and resilience of the panel rockfill dam 100 after a disaster.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite panel structure 10 further includes a sealing element disposed within the horizontal seam 22 and the vertical seam 21.

[0038] As some embodiments of this application, the seal is configured as a flexible sealing material, which may be, but is not limited to, silicone sealant, polyurethane sealant, etc.

[0039] As some embodiments of this application, the seal is disposed between the horizontal joint 22 and the vertical joint 21 and is treated in accordance with the panel dam panel joint standard (Technical Specification for Waterproofing of Joints in Concrete Panel Rockfill Dams DL / T5115-2016).

[0040] By including a sealing element in the panel rockfill dam 100 and placing the sealing element within the horizontal joint 22 and vertical joint 21, the excellent seepage prevention performance of the sealing element can be used to seal the horizontal joint 22 and vertical joint 21, reducing the risk of water entering the interior through the horizontal joint 22 and vertical joint 21. Furthermore, the sealing element can withstand the explosive deformation impact of the protective layer 13, reducing the risk of failure due to the horizontal joint 22 and vertical joint 21 shifting and cracking caused by the explosion.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vertical seam 21 is aligned with the seam of the structural layer 11.

[0042] In other words, the vertical seam 21 is perfectly aligned with the seam of the structural layer 11 in the horizontal projection direction. As some embodiments of this application, the position and orientation of the vertical seam 21 are completely consistent with the seam of the structural layer 11.

[0043] This configuration allows the protective layer 13 and the structural layer 11 to deform synchronously at the vertical joint 21. When deformation is caused by an explosion or temperature change, the protective layer 13 and the structural layer 11 can undergo relative displacement along the same vertical joint 21, reducing the risk of mutual constraint caused by joint misalignment. This ensures the deformation coordination of the two structures during the stress deformation process. Moreover, since the vertical joint 21 and the joint position of the structural layer 11 are completely corresponding, after an explosion, the specific location of the damaged dam section can be quickly determined based on the location of the damage, providing accurate spatial positioning information for emergency rescue decisions.

[0044] In some embodiments of the invention, along the second direction (i.e.) Figure 2 (As shown in the Y direction), the distance between two adjacent horizontal seams 22 is A, and A satisfies the relationship: 15m≤A≤25m.

[0045] That is to say, along the second direction (i.e. Figure 2 (As shown in the Y direction), the distance A between two adjacent horizontal seams 22 satisfies the relationship 15m≤A≤25m. The distance A between two adjacent horizontal seams 22 can be any value between 15m and 25m. For example, the distance A between two adjacent horizontal seams 22 can be, but is not limited to, 15m, 20m, 25m, etc. As some embodiments of this application, the distance A between two adjacent horizontal seams 22 is 20m.

[0046] This arrangement ensures a reasonable distance between two adjacent horizontal seams 22, which in turn makes the size of the protective block 1311 reasonable. This allows the protective block 1311 to be compatible with the lifting capacity and transportation conditions of construction machinery, facilitating the factory production, transportation, and on-site hoisting and assembly of the protective block 1311. If the spacing is less than 15m, the number of protective blocks 1311 will be too large and the joints too dense, which will weaken the overall impact resistance of the outer layer and increase the difficulty of construction and the amount of water-stopping work. If the spacing is greater than 25m, the area of ​​a single module of the protective block 1311 will be too large, and the explosion damage may spread excessively within a module, exceeding the range of rapid replacement capability of the protective block 1311.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of structural layer 11 is along the height direction of the face rockfill dam 100 (i.e., Figure 1 The Z-direction (as shown) gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0048] It is understandable that the bottom of the rockfill dam 100 with face panel bears the highest pressure and the largest load. By gradually increasing the thickness of the structural layer 11 from top to bottom, the thickness of the structural layer 11 can be matched with the water pressure distribution, thereby reducing the material waste of using a uniform thickness in the rockfill dam 100 with face panel and optimizing the amount of concrete used while ensuring structural safety, thus reducing the project cost.

[0049] Moreover, by gradually increasing the thickness of the structural layer 11 from top to bottom, it can provide higher bearing capacity to the bottom of the structural layer 11, effectively withstand the remaining impact load after being reduced by the buffer layer 12, and reduce the risk of penetrating cracks or overall instability at the bottom of the rockfill dam 100.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the buffer layer 12 is B, and B satisfies the relationship: 4cm≤B≤6cm.

[0051] In other words, the thickness B of the buffer layer 12 satisfies the relationship 4cm≤B≤6cm. The thickness B of the buffer layer 12 can be any value between 4cm and 6cm. For example, the thickness B of the buffer layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 4cm, 5cm, 6cm, etc. As some embodiments of this application, the thickness B of the buffer layer 12 is 5cm.

[0052] If the thickness of the buffer layer 12 is less than 4cm, it will result in insufficient stress dissipation and excessive impact load on the structural layer 11; if the thickness is greater than 6cm, it will reduce the economic efficiency of construction and may affect the overall stability of the panel.

[0053] This design allows the thickness of the buffer layer 12 to be reasonable, enabling it to absorb energy during an explosive impact. This allows the impact energy to undergo sufficient plastic deformation and internal friction dissipation as it passes through the buffer layer 12, ensuring that the remaining load transmitted to the structural layer 11 is reduced to below a safe threshold.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the protective layer 13 is C, where C satisfies the relationship: 8cm≤C≤12cm.

[0055] In other words, the thickness C of the protective layer 13 satisfies the relationship 8cm≤C≤12cm. The thickness C of the protective layer 13 can be any value between 8cm and 12cm. For example, the thickness C of the protective layer 13 can be, but is not limited to, 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, etc. As some embodiments of this application, the thickness B of the buffer layer 12 is 10cm.

[0056] If the thickness of the protective layer 13 is less than 8cm, it will result in insufficient resistance to penetration, and explosive fragments may penetrate the outer layer to the internal structure; if the thickness is greater than 12cm, it will increase the weight and cost.

[0057] This design allows the protective layer 13 to have a reasonable thickness, effectively preventing explosive loads from penetrating inward and reducing the impact energy from directly acting on the buffer layer 12 and the structural layer 11.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, structural layer 11 is configured as reinforced concrete with double-layer reinforcement. By configuring structural layer 11 as reinforced concrete with double-layer reinforcement, the risk of structural cracks in structural layer 11 can be significantly reduced, and the crack resistance and ultimate bearing capacity of structural layer 11 can be significantly improved.

[0059] As some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the double-layer reinforcement includes transverse steel bars 23 and longitudinal steel bars 24.

[0060] The rockfill dam 100 of the present invention includes the composite panel structure 10 of the above embodiment. It adopts a three-layer panel structure. The energy dissipation of the deformation of the buffer layer 12 and the protective layer 13 is used to absorb and reduce the explosive impact load to protect the structural layer 11. It can effectively improve the blast resistance toughness and blast resistance of the rockfill dam 100, so that the rockfill dam 100 has the ability to resist, absorb and adapt to explosive disasters, which is conducive to improving the anti-terrorism and blast resistance performance of the rockfill dam 100.

[0061] As some embodiments of this application, before construction, it is necessary to determine the dam height, dam section length, and thickness of the composite panel structure 10 of the rockfill dam 100 with blast-resistant toughness design. In this embodiment, the dam height is 200m, the dam section length is 15m, and the thickness of the structural layer 11 gradually increases from 30cm at the top to 90cm at the bottom.

[0062] As some embodiments of this application, multiple horizontal seams 22 and vertical seams 21 divide the protective sublayer 131 into 10 protective blocks 1311, each 20m long and 15m wide, with the vertical seam 21 having a length of 15m.

[0063] As some embodiments of this application, the horizontal joint 22 and the vertical joint 21 can limit the damage range to a single or a few protective blocks 1311. By removing the entire damaged protective block 1311 along the joint, cleaning the joint surface, installing prefabricated protective blocks 1311 of the same specification, and using anchoring and grouting technology, rapid fixing and other means, the panel rockfill dam 100 can be quickly repaired.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0065] In the description of this invention, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0066] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0067] In the description of this invention, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or it may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them.

[0068] In the description of this invention, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite panel structure, characterized by, include: A structural layer configured to be attached to the bedding layer of a panel rockfill dam; A buffer layer and a protective layer are provided along the height direction of the rockfill dam. The buffer layer is laid on the surface of the structural layer away from the bedding layer, and the protective layer is laid on the surface of the buffer layer away from the structural layer.

2. The composite panel structure of claim 1, wherein, The protective layer includes multiple protective sub-layers, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction to form a vertical seam between adjacent protective sub-layers. The first direction is parallel to the protective layer.

3. The composite panel structure of claim 2, wherein, The protective sublayer includes multiple protective blocks, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that a horizontal seam is formed between two adjacent protective blocks along the second direction.

4. The composite panel structure of claim 3, wherein, Also includes: A sealing element, wherein the sealing element is disposed within the horizontal seam and the vertical seam.

5. The composite panel structure of claim 2, wherein, The vertical seam is aligned with the seam of the structural layer.

6. The composite panel structure of claim 3, wherein, Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent horizontal seams is A, and A satisfies the relationship: 15m≤A≤25m.

7. The composite panel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the structural layer gradually increases from top to bottom along the height direction of the panel rockfill dam.

8. The composite panel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the buffer layer is B, which satisfies the relationship: 4cm≤B≤6cm; and / or, the thickness of the protective layer is C, which satisfies the relationship: 8cm≤C≤12cm.

9. The composite panel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural layer is configured as reinforced concrete and uses double-layer reinforcement.

10. A panel rockfill dam, comprising the composite panel structure as described in claims 1-9.

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