Overflowable empty container type gate station retaining wall and collaborative construction and operation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a flow-through hollow box-type retaining wall for a sluice gate and its collaborative construction and operation and maintenance method. The retaining wall consists of a control section retaining wall, a standard section retaining wall, and inlet / outlet section retaining walls. The control section retaining wall is located on the soil-facing side of the gate chamber (station body), while the other two types are symmetrically arranged on the upstream and downstream sides. The hollow box-type wall also serves as a flow passage. This invention also provides six formulas for the net width of the flow passage, the earth pressure reduction coefficient of the side piers, the overturning stability coefficient, the backfill height difference, the total flow capacity, and the flow distribution. It also includes a symmetrical segmented casting construction method, a three-stage progressive flow operation and maintenance method, and a collaborative inspection and maintenance method. Without increasing the land area, additional drainage channels can be added for pumping stations, and additional flow sections can be added for sluice gates. The control section retaining wall, also serving as a bank wall, effectively reduces the earth pressure on the side piers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of retaining wall technology, and more specifically, it relates to a flowable empty box-type gate retaining wall and its collaborative construction and operation and maintenance method. Background Technology

[0002] The connection type between the lock chamber (station body) and the banks is mainly related to the foundation and the lock (station body). When the foundation is good and the lock (station body) height is not high, it can be directly connected to the riverbank using side piers. When the lock (station body) is high and the foundation is weak, if side piers are still used to directly retain soil, large internal forces will be generated in the side piers and bottom slab. In this case, a bank wall can be set on the outside of the side pier, and the soil pressure can be borne by the bank wall, which can reduce the internal forces in the side piers and bottom slab. Wing walls are usually set up upstream and downstream of the lock chamber (station body) to smoothly connect with the upstream and downstream bank slopes.

[0003] From a structural perspective, the sluice gate and pumping station abutments and wing walls are retaining walls and should ideally be straight wall structures. On solid or moderately solid foundations and when the retaining height is not high, gravity, cantilever, or buttress structures can be used; on soft foundations or when the retaining height is large, hollow box structures are preferable. Conventional hollow box retaining walls are expensive, have limited functionality, and the internal hollow boxes only serve to reduce weight, failing to fully utilize the structure and space.

[0004] In addition, the design of conventional empty box retaining walls is mostly based on the single objective of "soil retention" when determining the structural cross-section value, without fully considering the hydraulic requirements of the empty box as a flow channel; the construction and backfilling methods also mostly follow the traditional retaining wall process, and there is a lack of targeted means to address the sensitivity of the height difference on both sides of the empty box structure and the deformation control during the construction period; during the operation phase, there is also a lack of coordinated scheduling methods between the retaining wall and the main flow system of the gate (station).

[0005] In addition, conventional empty box retaining walls do not have the capability for online maintenance; when maintaining a single-hole empty box flow channel, the entire water flow system needs to be interrupted, affecting the normal operation of the flow system.

[0006] During operation, there is a lack of coordinated scheduling methods between the retaining wall and the main flow system of the gate (station). The switching of a single flow threshold is often used, and the switching direction and stabilization time are not distinguished. Under conditions such as storm surge and sudden rain, the flow repeatedly crosses the threshold, which can easily cause switching oscillations. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the high cost of empty box-type retaining walls for gate stations, which only serve the purpose of retaining soil, have a single function, cannot fully utilize the structure and space, and lack coordination between the dual functions of "flow passage and soil retention" in existing design, construction and operation methods, the purpose of this invention is to provide a flow-through empty box-type gate station retaining wall and its coordinated construction and operation and maintenance method.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a flow-through empty box-type retaining wall for a gate station, comprising: a control section retaining wall, a standard section retaining wall, and an inlet / outlet section retaining wall; the empty boxes of the control section retaining wall, the standard section retaining wall, and the inlet / outlet section retaining wall serve as flow channels; the control section retaining wall is arranged on the soil-facing side of the gate chamber or pump station, the standard section retaining wall is arranged on the upstream and downstream sides of the control section retaining wall, and the inlet / outlet section retaining wall is arranged on the upstream and downstream sides of the standard section retaining wall.

[0009] The control section retaining wall is straight; the length of the control section retaining wall is the same as the length of the gate chamber or pumping station; the control section retaining wall includes a bottom plate, a front wall, a rear wall, and a top plate. The bottom plate is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the control section retaining wall, the front wall and the rear wall are vertically arranged on the bottom plate and located on the front (water-facing side) and rear (soil-facing side) of the retaining wall, respectively, and the top plate is horizontally arranged on the top of the front wall and the rear wall. The bottom plate, the front wall, the rear wall, and the top plate enclose the empty box of the wall; the empty box of the control section retaining wall serves as a flow passage; the control section retaining wall is provided with a gate slot, and the working gate is arranged in the gate slot; wherein, the control section retaining wall is a first control section retaining wall without a maintenance gate storage, or a second control section retaining wall with a maintenance gate storage, the upper space of the second control section retaining wall is provided with a maintenance gate storage, and the maintenance gate is arranged in the maintenance gate storage.

[0010] The standard retaining wall section is straight; the standard retaining wall section is 10-20m long; the standard retaining wall section includes a bottom slab, a front wall, a rear wall, and a top slab. The bottom slab is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the standard retaining wall section. The front wall and rear wall are vertically arranged on the bottom slab and located on the front (water-facing side) and rear (soil-facing side) of the retaining wall, respectively. The top slab is horizontally arranged on top of the front wall and rear wall. The bottom slab, front wall, rear wall, and top slab enclose the empty box of the wall section; the empty box of the standard retaining wall section serves as a flow passage.

[0011] The retaining wall at the inlet / outlet section is curved. It includes a base slab, front wall, rear wall, top slab, guide wall, and side walls. The base slab is horizontally positioned at the bottom of the retaining wall. The front and rear walls are vertically positioned on the base slab and located on the front (water-facing side) and rear (soil-facing side) of the retaining wall, respectively. The top slab is horizontally positioned on top of the front and rear walls. The base slab, front wall, rear wall, and top slab together form the empty wall box. The side walls are vertically positioned on the base slab and, together with the front and rear walls, form the empty wall box. The guide wall is located outside the flow section of the retaining wall at the inlet / outlet section for guiding water flow. The front wall of the retaining wall at the inlet / outlet section has an inlet / outlet.

[0012] The total retaining height H and wall thickness of the control section retaining wall, standard section retaining wall, and inlet / outlet section retaining wall are...t w The ratio of H / t w Take 8~12; the net width of the flow channel B n With net height h d ratio B n / h d A value of 0.8 to 1.5 is used to ensure that the flow cross-section is close to a square, thereby maximizing the hydraulic radius; the thickness of the base plate is not less than 0.6m and not less than the thickness of the wall. t w The thickness of the top plate is not less than 0.5m; the inner corners of the bottom plate, front wall, rear wall and top plate are chamfered and haunched; the inner wall of the flow channel does not have exposed protrusions to reduce flow resistance.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a collaborative construction method for a flowable empty box-type gate retaining wall, comprising the following quantitative design steps: 1) Determine the net width of the flow channel using the following formula: 2) The earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall in the control section on the gate chamber or pumping station pier is quantitatively described by the following formula: 3) The overturning stability of the retaining wall in the control section under the action of the operating water level in the flow channel shall be checked according to the following formula, and its overturning stability coefficient shall not be less than 1.5: In the formula: B n This is the net width of the flow channel; Q d For designing overflow; μ b The flow coefficient of the flow channel; h d The design water depth is given by g; g is the acceleration due to gravity; Δ H d To design head difference; β s This is the earth pressure reduction factor for the side pier; H o This refers to the original soil height behind the side pier when no control section retaining wall is installed; H c To determine the effective earth pressure height behind the retaining wall pier in the control section; K o To determine the overturning stability coefficient of the retaining wall in the control section; W cThe self-weight of the retaining wall in a single linear meter control section; N w The weight of water per meter when the flow channel is in operation; b c As an anti-overturning lever arm; K a This is the active earth pressure coefficient; γ s The weight of soil; 4) Foundation excavation and treatment: After excavation to the design elevation, foundation treatment is carried out and a subbase is laid; 5) Symmetrical casting of the base slab: First, cast the base slab of the control section retaining wall, then cast the base slab of the upstream and downstream inlet and outlet sections of the retaining wall symmetrically (i.e., cast the upstream and downstream sections simultaneously), and finally cast the base slab of the standard section retaining wall. Construction joints and waterstops are set between adjacent base slabs. 6) Layered and compartmentalized pouring of the wall: The front wall, rear wall, side wall and water guide wall shall be poured with a layer thickness of no more than 3.0m. Every 20~30m of pouring, a post-pouring strip or compartmentalized joint shall be set along the longitudinal direction to release shrinkage stress. The pouring temperature shall be controlled within the range of 5℃~30℃. 7) Top slab pouring: Erect supporting formwork in the flow channel, align with the back pouring strip of the wall and pour the top slab. Remove the formwork after the concrete strength reaches 70% of the design strength. 8) Synchronous symmetrical backfilling: Synchronous layered compaction backfilling is adopted on both sides of the wall. The thickness of a single backfill layer is no more than 30cm. The height difference Δh between the two sides of the backfill is controlled by the following formula: In the formula: Δ h max This represents the maximum allowable difference in backfill height between the two sides. σ allow This refers to the allowable stress of the wall during the construction period; t w The thickness of the wall (the side affected by synchronous symmetrical backfilling in the front wall, rear wall, side wall, or water-guiding wall); H w This represents the current backfill height. ξ d This is the amplification factor for the construction compaction power; K a , γ s Same meaning as before; 9) Installation of metal structure and electromechanical equipment: Install the working gate in the gate slot of the retaining wall of the control section, install the maintenance gate in the maintenance gate housing of the retaining wall of the control section, and install the inlet and outlet supporting facilities at the front wall of the retaining wall of the inlet and outlet section. After acceptance, it shall be put into operation.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned collaborative construction method, in step 6) of layered and segmented pouring of the wall, the concrete pouring temperature is no greater than 28℃, and the pre-cooling pipeline reduces the hydration heat temperature rise; in step 8) of synchronous symmetrical backfilling, the construction compaction dynamic amplification factor ξ is... d Take a value of 1.2 to 1.5.

[0015] A third aspect of this invention provides a collaborative operation and maintenance method for a flow-through empty box-type gate retaining wall, employing a three-stage progressive flow-through method, wherein the switching threshold between the low-flow and medium-flow operating conditions is... Q 1. Take 25%~50% of the designed flow rate; the switching threshold between the medium flow rate condition and the high flow rate condition. Q 2. Take 60%~85% of the designed flow rate; 1) In low flow conditions, only the working gate in the gate slot of the retaining wall of the control section is used for overcurrent. 2) In medium flow conditions, when the working gate is opened, the empty box of the retaining wall in the control section is used as the flow passage. 3) In high-flow conditions, based on medium-flow conditions, the empty walls of the retaining walls in the upstream and downstream standard sections are used as flow channels in a symmetrical and sequential manner. The total current capacity of each stage is determined by the following formula: The flow distribution coefficient between each flow channel is controlled by the following formula to ensure that the relative deviation of the flow velocity in each channel is no more than 15%, thereby reducing downstream scouring: In the formula: Q Total system throughput; Q g To control the flow rate of the working gate of the retaining wall section; n c , n s These represent the number of flow passages in the control section retaining walls and standard section retaining walls that are in operation, respectively; n is the total number of flow passages in operation, n= n c + n s ; Q c,box , Q s,box These refer to the flow capacity of the empty retaining wall box in the single-hole control section and the empty retaining wall box in the single-hole standard section, respectively. λ i Let be the flow distribution coefficient for the i-th flow channel; μ i , A i , H iLet represent the flow coefficient, cross-sectional area, and effective head of the i-th flow channel, respectively; j is the summation index, which iterates through all operational flow channels, and represents the flow rate of the working gate. Q g The total system flow rate is counted separately according to formula (5) and is not included in the flow rate allocation described in formula (6).

[0016] It also includes the following steps: When the working gate in the gate slot of the retaining wall of the control section is to be repaired, the repair gate is first lowered into the gate housing of the repair gate of the retaining wall of the control section to stop the water flow and drain the flow passage. The workers enter the flow passage and gate slot through the repair port reserved on the top plate to carry out the repair work. After the repair is completed, the repair gate is raised in reverse order to restore normal operation. When inspecting the interior of the flow passage of a standard section retaining wall or an inlet / outlet section retaining wall, first calculate the flow distribution coefficient of the passage to be inspected according to the aforementioned flow distribution coefficient formula. λ i After adjusting to zero and emptying the empty section of the box, the work can be carried out through the reserved maintenance port on the top plate. During the maintenance, the total flow capacity of the remaining empty boxes will continue to bear the system flow, realizing online maintenance and maintenance without interrupting water supply.

[0017] It also includes that, under the high flow conditions, when the flow passage is activated according to the principle of symmetry, the difference in the number of empty retaining walls in the standard sections already in operation on the left and right banks does not exceed 1; during the opening or closing of any flow passage gate, the opening change rate per minute does not exceed 10%, so as to avoid water hammer and wall vibration.

[0018] The switching threshold between low-flow and medium-flow operating conditions Q 1. Separate into uplink threshold Q 1,hi With downlink threshold Q 1,lo ,and Q 1,hi > Q 1,lo The switching threshold between the medium flow rate condition and the high flow rate condition. Q 2. Separate into uplink threshold Q 2,hi With downlink threshold Q 2,lo ,and Q 2,hi > Q 2,lo The condition for switching from low-flow operating mode to medium-flow operating mode is: the total system overflow. Q Not less than Q 1,hi When the control section retaining wall empty box is used as the flow passage (15); the condition for reverting from medium flow condition to low flow condition is: the total system flow rate.Q Not greater than Q 1,lo And last for at least the minimum settling time t min When the control section retaining wall is closed, the flow passage (15) of the empty box is closed; the condition for switching from medium flow condition to high flow condition is: the total system flow rate. Q Not less than Q 2,hi At that time, the empty wall boxes of the retaining walls (3) of the upstream and downstream standard sections are used symmetrically and successively as flow channels (15); the condition for reverting from high flow condition to medium flow condition is: the total flow rate of the system Q Not greater than Q 2,lo And last for at least the minimum settling time t min At the same time, the flow channels (15) of the empty wall boxes of the upstream and downstream standard section retaining walls (3) that have been activated are closed symmetrically and successively; during the transition period of any of the above switching, the flow channels (15) are activated or closed in a sequential manner, and the total flow rate of the system during the transition period is... Q Effective adjustment rate |d Q / d t |Not greater than the designed overflow Q d 8%~12% / min.

[0019] The aforementioned transition period refers to the time from when the switching conditions are met until all corresponding empty box overcurrent channels (15) are activated or closed.

[0020] The uplink threshold Q 1,hi Take the design flow rate Q d The downlink threshold is 45% to 50%. Q 1,lo Take the design flow rate Q d 25%~30%; the uplink threshold Q 2,hi Take the design flow rate Q d 80%~85%, the downlink threshold Q 2,lo Take the design flow rate Q d 60%~65%; the low / medium hysteresis band width Δ Q 1= Q 1,hi - Q 1,lo With the medium / high hysteresis band width Δ Q 2= Q2,hi - Q 2,lo All are not less than the designed flow rate Q d 15% and no more than 25%; the minimum settling time t min Take for 3-10 minutes.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: The present invention provides a flow-through hollow box-type gate retaining wall that utilizes the hollow box structure of the retaining wall to form a flow passage. The structure is compact and can increase the drainage channel for pumping stations and the flow cross section for sluice gates without increasing the land area. The retaining wall of the control section of this invention also serves as the bank wall of the gate chamber (station body). According to the formula (Formula 2) of the earth pressure reduction coefficient of the side pier described in this invention, the earth pressure of the side pier of the gate chamber (station body) can be significantly reduced. The hydraulic design formula for the net width of the flow passage (Formula 1) proposed in this invention is used together with the formula for the anti-overturning stability coefficient of the control section (Formula 3) to ensure that the flow passage meets the design flow capacity and guarantees the overall stability of the structure itself under the operating water level, thus avoiding the drawback of separating flow and stability considerations in traditional design. The symmetrical segmented pouring construction method and backfill height difference control formula (Formula 4) of this invention can quantitatively constrain the unbalanced earth pressure on both sides during the construction period, and significantly reduce the risk of deformation and cracking of the wall during the construction period. The three-stage progressive overcurrent operation control method and the total overcurrent capacity formula (Formula 5) and flow distribution coefficient formula (Formula 6) of this invention can realize the coordinated scheduling of the working gate and each section of the overcurrent channel under different flow conditions, control the flow velocity difference of each channel, and reduce downstream scouring. The collaborative maintenance method of this invention combines the existing "working gate and maintenance gate" dual-gate system of the control section with the flow distribution coefficient formula, enabling the entire retaining wall system to have segmented isolation and online maintenance capabilities, which significantly improves operational reliability and maintenance convenience.

[0022] The three-stage progressive overcurrent operation and maintenance method of this invention adopts uplink / downlink dual thresholds and minimum settling time t. min Under the preferred method of multi-steady-state switching and constraint on the effective adjustment rate of the total system flow rate during the transition period, the switching oscillation caused by repeated crossings near the flow threshold can be effectively eliminated, the number of gate hoisting actions can be significantly reduced, the peak vibration of the wall can be reduced, and the overhaul interval of the hoisting machine can be extended. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall planar structure of a flow-through empty box-type gate station retaining wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically a flow-through empty box-type pump station retaining wall arrangement scheme. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall plan structure of a flow-through empty box-type gate retaining wall provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically a flow-through empty box-type sluice gate retaining wall arrangement scheme. Figure 3 This is a plan view of the retaining wall in the control section, including the maintenance gate and gatehouse; Figure 4 This is a plan view of the retaining wall in the control section, excluding the maintenance door storage area; Figure 5 This is a plan view of the retaining wall for the standard section; Figure 6 Plan view of the retaining wall at the inlet and outlet sections; Figure 7 for Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 Standard cross-sectional view; Figure 8 for Figure 3 , Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the gate slot; Figure 9 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the maintenance door storage area; Figure 10 for Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of inlet and outlet.

[0025] The following are the reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. First control section retaining wall (excluding maintenance gate sump), 2. Second control section retaining wall (including maintenance gate sump), 3. Standard section retaining wall, 4. Inlet / outlet section retaining wall, 5. Gate chamber, 6. Pump station, 11. Bottom slab, 12. Front wall, 13. Rear wall, 14. Top slab, 15. Flow passage, 16. Gate slot, 17. Maintenance gate sump, 18. Guide wall, 19. Side wall. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 — Figure 10 The present invention will now describe a flowable empty box-type gate retaining wall provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, a flowable empty box-type gate retaining wall includes: 1 control section retaining wall, multiple standard section retaining walls 3, and 2 inlet and outlet section retaining walls 4.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a retaining wall arrangement scheme for a flowable empty box pump station, which includes 1 control section retaining wall, 2 standard section retaining walls 3, and 2 inlet and outlet section retaining walls 4.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flow-through empty box-type sluice gate retaining wall arrangement scheme, including 1 control section retaining wall and 2 inlet and outlet section retaining walls 4.

[0031] The control section retaining wall is located on the soil-facing side of the gate chamber (station body), the standard section retaining wall 3 is located on the upstream and downstream sides of the control section retaining wall, and the inlet and outlet section retaining wall 4 is located on the upstream and downstream sides of the standard section retaining wall 3.

[0032] The retaining wall of the control section is straight; the length of the retaining wall of the control section is the same as the length of the gate chamber (station); the retaining wall of the control section includes a bottom plate 11, a front wall 12, a rear wall 13, and a top plate 14. The bottom plate 11 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the retaining wall of the control section. The front wall 12 and the rear wall 13 stand vertically on the bottom plate 11, located on the water-facing side and the soil-facing side, respectively. The top plate 14 horizontally covers the top of the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13. The bottom plate 11, the front wall 12, the rear wall 13, and the top plate 14 enclose a wall box; the wall box of the retaining wall of the control section serves as a flow passage 15; the retaining wall of the control section is provided with a gate slot 16, and the working gate is arranged in the gate slot 16; the upper space of the retaining wall of the control section 2 is provided with a maintenance door storage 17, and the maintenance door is arranged in the maintenance door storage 17; when the maintenance door storage 17 is not provided, it constitutes the retaining wall of the control section 1.

[0033] The standard section retaining wall 3 is straight; the length of the standard section retaining wall 3 is consistent with the length of the pump station's inlet and outlet water flow channels (generally 10~20m); the standard section retaining wall 3 includes a bottom plate 11, a front wall 12, a rear wall 13, and a top plate 14. The bottom plate 11 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the standard section retaining wall 3, the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13 are vertically erected on the bottom plate 11, located on the water-facing side and the soil-facing side respectively, and the top plate 14 is horizontally covered on the top of the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13. The bottom plate 11, the front wall 12, the rear wall 13, and the top plate 14 enclose and form a wall box; the lower part of the standard section retaining wall 3 is a flow passage 15.

[0034] The retaining wall 4 at the inlet and outlet section is curved. The retaining wall 4 at the inlet and outlet section includes a bottom slab 11, a front wall 12, a rear wall 13, a top slab 14, a guide wall 18, and side walls 19. The bottom slab 11 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the retaining wall 4 at the inlet and outlet section. The front wall 12 and the rear wall 13 are vertically erected on the bottom slab 11, located on the water-facing side and the soil-facing side, respectively. The top slab 14 is horizontally covered on the top of the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13. The bottom slab 11, the front wall 12, the rear wall 13, and the top slab 14 enclose a wall box. The side walls 19 are vertically erected on the bottom slab 11 and together with the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13, they enclose a wall box. The guide wall 18 is arranged on the outside of the flow section of the retaining wall 4 at the inlet and outlet section and plays a role in guiding the water flow. The front wall 12 of the retaining wall 4 at the inlet and outlet section has an inlet and outlet.

[0035] The core innovation of the flow-through empty box gate retaining wall described in this invention, in addition to the integrated "soil retention + flow" dual functions at the structural level, is also reflected in the collaborative construction method that matches the structure. The physical meaning, derivation basis and engineering application of formulas (1) to (3) are given below.

[0036] 15mm clear width of the flow channel B n The value is determined by the following formula, i.e., by the design flow rate. Q d Empty container flow coefficient μ b Design water depth h d and the design head difference Δ H d Inverse solution to the relationship between submerged orifice flow (gate outflow): In formula (1): B n The net width of the flow channel is in meters (m). Q d For design flow rate, the unit is m. 3 / s; μ bThe comprehensive flow coefficient for the flow channel, taking into account inlet contraction, friction resistance, and outlet diffusion, is generally taken as 0.75~0.85; h d Design water depth for the flow channel, in meters (m); Δ H d The design head difference is in meters (m); g is the acceleration due to gravity, taken as 9.81 m / s². 2 .

[0037] The physical meaning of equation (1) is: under a given... μ b , h d Δ H d Under the condition of, the net width of the flow channel B n With excessive flow Q d The relationship is linear. When the same cross-section of the three retaining walls is taken according to formula (1), and combined with the multi-channel superposition method of formula (5), the "flow and retaining" dual-function structure of the present invention can achieve the design flow target.

[0038] After the retaining wall of the control section of this invention is installed, the control section bears the active earth pressure of the soil behind it, and the effective earth pressure height transmitted to the side pier of the gate chamber (station body) is increased from the original H o Reduced to H c According to Coulomb's active earth pressure theory, the magnitude of the earth pressure is directly proportional to the square of the retaining height. Therefore, the earth pressure reduction factor for the pier is: In formula (2): β s The earth pressure reduction factor for the abutment is 0 ≤ β s <1; H o The height of the original soil behind the side pier when no retaining wall is set up in the control section, in meters; H c The effective earth pressure height behind the retaining wall pier in the control section is measured in meters (m).

[0039] Equation (2) expresses the unloading effect of the retaining wall on the side pier in the control section as a reduction factor that can be directly substituted into the design. For example, when H o =8m、 H c When =2m, β s =0.0625, meaning the side pier only needs to bear about 6.25% of the original soil pressure, and the reinforcement and cross-sectional dimensions of the gate chamber (station body) side pier can be greatly reduced.

[0040] Under the operating water level, the retaining wall of the control section of this invention will form a water body in the flow channel 15 that is in equilibrium with the water level on the outside. The gravity of this water body N w Including the structural weight W c Together, they provide the anti-overturning stabilizing moment, while earth pressure provides the overturning moment. Control section anti-overturning stability coefficient. K o Check according to the following formula, requirements K o ≥1.5: In formula (3): K o This is the overturning stability coefficient of the control section; W c The self-weight of the retaining wall in a single linear meter control section is expressed in kN / m. N w The weight of water per meter of the flow channel at the operating water level is expressed in kN / m. b c For the anti-overturning lever arm (i.e. W c + N w The lever arm of the resultant force on the outer toe of the control segment (unit: m); K a This is the active earth pressure coefficient; γ s The unit weight of the backfill soil is kN / m³. 3 ; H c The effective earth pressure height behind the retaining wall of the control section is indicated in meters (m).

[0041] The key innovation of formula (3) lies in: for the first time, the weight of the operating water in the flow channel of this invention is... N w The quantitative incorporation of favorable stabilizing forces into the overturning resistance check of retaining walls allows the "flow" function to in turn enhance the "retaining" function, forming a positive coupling; this contrasts with traditional hollow box-type retaining walls that are only assessed based on structural self-weight. W c Compared to verification, K o It can generally increase by 15% to 30%.

[0042] The flow-through empty box-type gate retaining wall of the present invention has the dual functions of earth retention and flow passage. However, its empty box has a large span, its internal formwork assembly and disassembly are complex, and its sensitivity to the backfill height difference on both sides during construction is higher than that of a solid retaining wall. Therefore, the present invention provides a collaborative construction method matching the above structure, comprising: (1) Foundation excavation and treatment. Excavate to the bottom of the foundation pit according to the design elevation, replace or treat the soft foundation, and lay a cushion layer; (2) Symmetrical casting of the base slab. First, cast the base slab 11 of the control section retaining wall, and cast it at the same time as the base slab of the gate chamber (station body) to ensure the integrity of the connection surface; then, cast the base slab 11 of the retaining wall of the upstream and downstream inlet and outlet sections symmetrically, and finally cast the base slab 11 of the standard section retaining wall. Construction joints and waterstops are set between adjacent base slabs; (3) The wall body is poured in layers and sections. The front wall 12, rear wall 13, side wall 19 and water guide wall 18 are poured in layers with a thickness of no more than 3.0m. After every 20~30m of pouring, a post-pouring strip or section joint is set along the longitudinal direction to release shrinkage stress. The pouring temperature is controlled within the range of 5℃~30℃, and the concrete temperature when it enters the formwork is no more than 28℃. Pre-cooling pipes can be installed in the empty box at the same time to reduce the temperature rise of the concrete hydration heat. (4) Top slab pouring. A detachable formwork support system is erected in the flow passage 15. The top slab 14 is poured in alignment with the wall post-pouring strip. The formwork is removed after the concrete strength reaches 70% of the design strength. The gate slot 16 and the maintenance door storage 17 are reinforced with dense reinforcement and embedded with metal structural parts. (5) Synchronous symmetrical backfilling. Synchronous layered compaction backfilling is adopted on both sides of the wall. The thickness of a single backfill layer is no more than 30cm, and the backfill density is no less than 95% of the maximum dry density. During construction, the backfill height difference Δh between the two sides is strictly controlled according to the following formula proposed in this invention: In equation (4): Δ h max This represents the maximum allowable difference in backfill height between the two sides, in meters (m). σ allow The allowable stress of the wall during the construction period is expressed in kPa. t w Thickness of the wall (one of the front wall 12, rear wall 13, side wall 19, or water guide wall 18 affected by synchronous symmetrical backfilling), in meters; K a This is the active earth pressure coefficient; γ s The unit weight of the backfill soil is kN / m³. 3 ; H w This represents the current backfill height, in meters (m). ξ d The amplification factor for construction compaction power is taken as 1.2~1.5 based on the energy of the compaction equipment.

[0043] The derivation of equation (4) is as follows: The unbalanced active earth pressure generated by the elevation difference Δh on both sides is approximately ΔP = K a · γ s ·H w ·Δh· ξ d The maximum bending moment acting on the wall is M≈ΔP· H w / 2= K a · γ s · H w 2 ·Δh· ξ d / 2, this bending moment must be less than the allowable bending moment per linear meter of the wall. σ allow · t w 2 / 6, solving Δh inversely yields equation (4). This equation quantifies "symmetrical backfilling" from an empirical requirement into an executable field control formula; when Δh approaches Δ h max Backfilling on the higher side should be suspended and backfilling on the lower side should be accelerated until the elevation difference is restored to the allowable range.

[0044] (6) Installation of metal structure and electromechanical equipment. The working gate is installed in the gate slot 16 of the retaining wall of the control section, the maintenance gate is installed in the maintenance gate housing 17, and the inlet and outlet supporting facilities are installed at 12 on the front wall of the retaining wall of the inlet and outlet section.

[0045] The flow-through empty box type gate retaining wall of the present invention has a three-level flow capacity of "working gate flow (gate slot 16) + control section empty box flow + standard section empty box flow". In order to give full play to the total flow capacity and reduce downstream scouring, the present invention proposes a corresponding collaborative operation and maintenance method.

[0046] (1) Low flow rate condition (Q≤ Q 1): Only the working gate in the retaining wall gate slot 16 of the control section is used for flow passage, while the flow passage 15 of the control section and the flow passage 15 of the standard section remain closed. During this stage, the flow cross-section is concentrated and the flow pattern is stable, which is suitable for routine scheduling; (2) Medium flow rate operating conditions Q 1 <Q≤ Q 2): Under low flow conditions, the flow passage 15 of the retaining wall in the control section is opened, and the total flow is jointly borne by the main flow of the working gate and the lateral flow of the empty box in the control section. (3) High flow rate operation (Q> Q 2): Under medium flow conditions, open the upstream and downstream standard section retaining wall flow passages 15 one by one according to the principle of symmetry until the total flow demand is met; when multiple passages flow simultaneously, the upstream and downstream should be kept symmetrical to avoid generating lateral unbalanced thrust on the gate chamber (station body) side.

[0047] The total overcurrent capacity of the system is determined by the following formula: In formula (5): Q Total system throughput, in megahertz (m³). 3 / s; Q g The overcurrent of the control section's working gate, in cubic meters (m³). 3 / s; n c , n s These are the number of overcurrent channels in the control section and standard section that are put into operation, in units of [number]. Q c,box , Q s,box These represent the current-carrying capacities of a single-hole control section empty tank and a single-hole standard section empty tank, respectively, in meters (m). 3 / s (its value is determined by formula (1)) B n (Reverse calculation).

[0048] To reduce the velocity differences between channels and mitigate the risk of downstream scouring, the flow distribution in each channel should satisfy the following distribution coefficient relationship (derived based on the principles of hydraulic similarity and energy conservation): In formula (6): λ i Let be the flow distribution coefficient of the i-th flow channel in the system, which is dimensionless; μ i , A i , H i The flow coefficient and cross-sectional area (in m²) of the i-th flow channel are respectively. 2 ), the effective head (unit: m); n is the total number of flow channels in operation; j is the summation index, which iterates through all flow channels in operation.

[0049] During operation, the opening of the gates of each flow channel can be controlled by inversion according to formula (6) so that the relative deviation of the flow velocity of each channel is controlled within ±15%, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the flow state in the downstream energy dissipation and scour prevention section of the retaining wall at the inlet and outlet sections.

[0050] This invention utilizes two existing components of the retaining wall in the control section, namely the gate slot 16 and the maintenance gate housing 17, to propose a collaborative operation and maintenance method: When the working gate in the gate slot 16 is being inspected, the inspection gate is first lowered into the inspection gate housing 17 of the retaining wall in the control section to stop the water flow. After the flow rate below the inspection gate approaches zero, the water in the flow passage 15 is drained. The workers enter the flow passage 15 and the gate slot 16 through the inspection port reserved in the top plate 14 to carry out the inspection work. After the inspection is completed, water is first injected to balance the water level inside and outside the empty tank. Then, the inspection gate is raised in reverse order to restore the working gate to block water. Finally, the working gate is gradually opened through the gate opening and closing controller to restore normal operation.

[0051] When inspecting the interior of the flow passage 15 of the standard section retaining wall or the inlet / outlet section retaining wall, the flow distribution coefficient of the passage to be inspected can be calculated according to formula 6. λ i Adjust to zero (i.e. close the gate at its upstream inlet and outlet), then empty the empty tank in this section and enter the work through the inspection port 14 on the top plate; during the maintenance period, the remaining empty tanks continue to bear the system flow according to formula 5, realizing "online maintenance and maintenance without interrupting water supply".

[0052] The innovation of this collaborative operation and maintenance method lies in combining the existing "working gate and maintenance gate" dual-gate system in the control section, the reserved maintenance openings on the top plate of each section (functional openings in the existing structure, not new components) with the flow distribution coefficient formula (Equation 6) proposed in this invention, so that the entire retaining wall system has the ability to be segmented and isolated and to be maintained online, which significantly improves the reliability of operation and the convenience of maintenance.

[0053] The key structural parameters of the flow-through empty box-type gate pumping station retaining wall of this invention are determined in engineering applications. Taking a pumping station project on soft soil foundation as an example, the total retaining height H of the retaining wall is 9.0m, and the wall thicknesses of the front wall 12, rear wall 13, side wall 19, and water guide wall 18 are all taken as follows: t w =0.9m, H / t w =10, which is within the range of 8 to 12, indicating that the wall has moderate flexibility and is conducive to the coordination of displacement under the dynamic action of the soil behind the wall.

[0054] Clear width of flow channel 15 B n Solve by reversing formula (1): when the design flow rate is... Q d =30m 3 / s, flow coefficient μ b =0.80, Design water depth h d =3.0m, design head difference Δ H d When m = 1.5m, it can be calculated from equation (1) B n ≈2.3m, rounded up for engineering purposes Bn =3.0m. Corresponding to B n / h d =1.0, falling within the range of 0.8 to 1.5, the cross-section of the flow is nearly square, and the hydraulic radius R = B n · h d / [2( B n + h d The value of 9.0 / 12.0 = 0.75m reaches the approximate maximum value under the given net width, effectively reducing energy loss.

[0055] The thickness of the base plate 11 is 1.2m, which simultaneously satisfies the requirements of "not less than 0.6m" and "not less than the wall thickness". t w The two constraints are "1.2 times (i.e., 0.9 × 1.2 = 1.08m)"; the thickness of the top slab 14 is 0.6m, which meets the requirement of "not less than 0.5m". The inner angles connecting the bottom slab 11 with the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13, as well as the inner angles connecting the top slab 14 with the front wall 12 and the rear wall 13, are all provided with 45° chamfers with right angle sides of 0.5m × 0.5m to disperse stress concentration at the inner angles and reduce the risk of cracking. The inner wall of the flow channel 15 is cast in place and then manually smoothed, without exposing bolts, ribs, tie rods and other protrusions. The surface roughness coefficient of the concrete is controlled within 0.014 to ensure the flow coefficient. μ b Long-term stability.

[0056] The key thresholds and rate parameters of the collaborative operation and maintenance method of this invention in engineering applications are still taken as an example of the above-mentioned pumping station project on soft soil foundation. This project is equipped with one control section retaining wall (including one working gate and one flow passage 15) and two standard section retaining walls 3 (each including one flow passage 15), and the designed flow rate is... Q d =30m 3 / s.

[0057] The three-stage switching threshold values ​​for the specified ratio range are as follows: Switching threshold between low-flow and medium-flow operating conditions. Q 1. Take 35% of the designed flow rate, that is Q 1 = 0.35 × Q d =10.5m 3 / s; the threshold for switching between medium and high flow conditions. Q 2. Take 75% of the designed flow rate, that is Q 2 = 0.75 × Q d =22.5m3 / s. When the total system flow rate Q ≤ 10.5m³ / s. 3 When the current is / s, only the overcurrent control gate of the retaining wall in the control section is activated; when it is 10.5m 3 / s <Q≤22.5m 3 When Q = 22.5m, add a flow passage of 15 meters through the retaining wall in the control section; when Q > 22.5m 3 When the flow rate is / s, the flow passage 15 of the upstream and downstream standard section retaining wall 3 is added according to the principle of symmetry.

[0058] Under high flow conditions, when the flow passage 15 is activated according to the symmetrical principle, the difference in the number of empty boxes in the standard section retaining wall 3 already in operation on the left and right banks does not exceed 1, that is, the difference in the number of holes put into operation on the left and right banks is | n L - n R |≤1, where n L n R The numbers of empty boxes in the standard section retaining wall 3 on the left and right banks respectively are the number of standard section overflow channels 15 that have been put into operation. For example, when two standard section overflow channels 15 have been opened on the left bank, one, two or three channels should be opened on the right bank at the same time to avoid lateral unbalanced thrust at the gate chamber 5 or the side pier of the pump station 6. During the opening or closing process of any overflow channel 15 working gate or empty box gate, the hoist is automatically controlled by PLC, and the opening change rate is not greater than 10% per minute (that is, the total time from fully closed to fully open is not less than 10 minutes) to avoid water hammer vibration impact on the side pier of the gate chamber 5 or the side pier of the pump station 6 and the wall body (front wall 12, rear wall 13). At the same time, the flow distribution coefficient described in formula (6) is used. λ i Control the opening of the gates in each channel to keep the relative deviation of the flow velocity in each channel within ±15% and ensure the uniformity of the flow in the downstream energy dissipation and anti-scour section.

[0059] A coastal drainage pumping station project on soft soil foundation, designed flow rate Q d =30m 3 / s, configured with 1 control section retaining wall and 1 standard section retaining wall on each side, 3 in total, with 3 flow channels 15. Parameter values ​​for this embodiment: Q 1,hi =48%×30=14.4m 3 / s; Q 1,lo =28%×30=8.4m 3 / s; Q 2,hi =82%×30=24.6m 3 / s; Q 2,lo =62%×30=18.6m 3 / s; tmin =5min; Transition period |d Q / d t |No more than 10% / min = 3m 3 / s / min. Actual measurement during a typhoon: 12:00. Q =8m 3 The flow rate was at a low level at 12:25; the flow rate increased to 14.6 m³ / s. 3 / s reached Q 1,hi This triggers a low-to-medium flow switch, gradually opening empty control boxes during a 5-minute transition period; at 14:00, the flow rate rises to 25.2m³ / s. 3 / s reached Q 2,hi This triggers a switchover from medium to high speed, and the empty left and right standard sections of the container are opened synchronously and sequentially during an 8-minute transition period, following a symmetrical principle; at 19:00, the flow rate drops to 18.0 m³ / s. 3 Although / s Q Not greater than Q 2,lo However, the flow rate rebounded to 19.5m at 19:06. 3 The flow rate did not last for 5 minutes, therefore no rollback was triggered in this cycle; at 21:30, the flow rate dropped to 17.2m. 3 The high-to-medium rollback was executed continuously for 8 minutes; at 23:30, the flow rate dropped to 7.5m. 3 The process continued for 6 minutes until a low rollback occurred. A total of 4 switching operations were performed, with 0 switching oscillations. In contrast, without the uplink / downlink dual thresholds and minimum stable time constraints described in this embodiment, the system would trigger approximately 8-10 switching operations under the same traffic flow, of which approximately 4-6 would be oscillating switching operations near the threshold.

[0060] A medium-sized control gate project, designed for flow rate Q d =200m 3 / s, configured with 1 control section retaining wall (2 working gates + 2 empty boxes), 2 standard section retaining walls on each side 3, for a total of 6 flow channels 15. Parameter values ​​for this embodiment: Q 1,hi =46%×200=92m 3 / s; Q 1,lo =26%×200=52m 3 / s; Q 2,hi =84%×200=168m 3 / s; Q 2,lo =64%×200=128m 3 / s; t min=8min; Transition period |d Q / d t |No more than 8% / min=16m 3 / s / min. 24-hour measured time during the spring flood season: 02:30 Q Rise to 95m 3 / s triggers low-to-medium traffic switching; traffic between 05:00 and 07:00 is 88~96m. 3 Fluctuations between / s, without the uplink / downlink dual thresholds and minimum settling time constraints described in this embodiment, would trigger approximately 3-4 switching oscillations during this period. However, due to the 88m... 3 / s greater than Q 1,lo =52m 3 / s, this method does not trigger rollback; at 09:30, the traffic increased to 172m. 3 / s triggers medium-to-high switching; traffic drops to 125m at 17:00. 3 / s continued for 12 minutes, triggering a high to medium rollback; at 22:00, the traffic dropped to 48m. 3 / s continuously for 15 minutes to trigger a low-to-medium backoff. A total of 4 switching operations were performed throughout the process, with 0 switching oscillations. Under the same conditions, if the uplink / downlink dual threshold and minimum stable time constraints described in this embodiment are not used, the corresponding number of switching operations would be 14, of which 10 would be oscillating switching operations near the threshold. The number of gate actions would decrease by approximately 71%.

[0061] As a further implementation of the above-mentioned collaborative operation and maintenance method, during the transition period from medium flow rate to high flow rate, the flow channels 15 of the empty boxes of the upstream and downstream standard section retaining walls 3 are activated in a symmetrical order from the retaining wall near the control section to the retaining wall far from the control section: first, the flow channels 15 of the empty boxes of the left 1# and right 1# standard section retaining walls 3 adjacent to the control section retaining walls are activated simultaneously, and after an interval of not less than 1 minute, the flow channels 15 of the empty boxes of the left 2# and right 2# standard section retaining walls 3 are activated simultaneously, and so on; the symmetrical deviation of the opening and closing of the upstream and downstream holes on the same side is not greater than one adjacent hole, so as to avoid the wall resonance caused by the excessive synchronous flow step of adjacent holes.

[0062] As a further implementation of the above-mentioned collaborative operation and maintenance method, the minimum stabilization time t min The determination is implemented using a delayed counting method: when the total system overload... Q The downlink threshold condition is met for the first time. Q Not greater than Q 1,lo or Q Not greater than Q 2,lo The counter is started when ) Q If the threshold is exceeded again at any time, the counter will be reset to zero. The counter will only be reset if the count continues to count until t. minThe corresponding downlink switching is triggered at the specified time; this delay counting mechanism ensures that the system does not erroneously back off when the downlink threshold is repeatedly crossed in a short period of time during traffic troughs.

[0063] As a further implementation of the above-mentioned collaborative operation and maintenance method, the total system flow rate Q can be obtained by combining the flow rate of the working gate of the control section retaining wall with the measured flow rate of each activated flow channel 15, and the corresponding measured signal can be collected in conjunction with an electromagnetic flow meter or an ultrasonic flow meter; the collaborative operation and maintenance method can be implemented in conjunction with the sluice gate digital control system.

[0064] As a further implementation of the above-mentioned collaborative operation and maintenance method, the uplink threshold Q 1,hi Downlink threshold Q 1,lo Uplink threshold Q 2,hi Downlink threshold Q 2,lo Minimum settling time t min The specific values ​​are determined according to the following methods: 1) Select no fewer than 10 typical storm surge and flood season 24-hour flow processes from the historical hydrological data of the project; 2) Statistically determine the flow rate during the typical flow processes. Q 1. Q 2) Crossover frequency and amplitude near 2; 3) Hysteresis band width Δ Q 1. Δ Q 2. The minimum settling time is 1.5 to 2.5 times the amplitude of the flow rate crossing. t min Take 1.5 times the duration of a typical low traffic volume; 4) Verify the number of oscillations and switching near the threshold through numerical simulation. If the number of switching is not greater than 30% of the number of switching when uplink / downlink dual thresholds and minimum stable time constraints are not used, the parameter value is qualified. Otherwise, iteratively adjust the parameter until it is qualified.

[0065] As a further implementation of the above-mentioned collaborative operation and maintenance method, the total system overload during the transition period... Q Effective adjustment rate |d Q / d t |Not greater than the designed overflow Q d 8% / min. The typical duration of the transition period is 1~10min, which is determined by the number of empty boxes actually activated or closed and the upper limit of the opening change rate of the single-hole opening and closing actuator; the starting point of the transition period is the moment when the switching conditions are first met, and the ending point of the transition period is the moment when all corresponding overcurrent channels 15 complete the activation or closure action under the corresponding operating conditions.

[0066] In summary, the structure described in this invention (including the control section retaining wall, standard section retaining wall, inlet and outlet section retaining walls and their bottom slab, front wall, rear wall, top slab, flow passage, gate slot, maintenance gate reservoir, guide wall, and side wall) cooperates and supports the method described in this invention, forming a complete integrated technical solution of "structure, method, and formula". The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A flow-through empty box-type gate retaining wall, characterized in that, include: Control section retaining wall, standard section retaining wall (3), inlet and outlet section retaining wall (4); the empty boxes of the walls of the control section retaining wall, standard section retaining wall (3) and inlet and outlet section retaining wall (4) serve as flow passages (15); the control section retaining wall is arranged on the soil-facing side of the gate chamber (5) or pump station (6), the standard section retaining wall (3) is arranged on the upstream and downstream sides of the control section retaining wall, and the inlet and outlet section retaining wall (4) is arranged on the upstream and downstream sides of the standard section retaining wall (3).

2. The retaining wall of a flow-through empty box-type gate station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control section retaining wall is straight; the length of the control section retaining wall is the same as the length of the gate chamber (5) or the pumping station (6); the control section retaining wall includes a bottom plate (11), a front wall (12), a rear wall (13), and a top plate (14). The bottom plate (11) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the control section retaining wall. The front wall (12) and the rear wall (13) are vertically arranged above the bottom plate (11) and are located on the front and rear sides of the retaining wall, respectively. The top plate (14) is horizontally arranged on the top of the front wall (12) and the rear wall (13). The wall cavity is formed by the rear wall (13) and the top plate (14); the wall cavity of the control section retaining wall serves as a flow passage (15); the control section retaining wall is provided with a gate slot (16), and the working gate is arranged in the gate slot (16); wherein, the control section retaining wall is a first control section retaining wall (1) without a maintenance door cabinet (17), or a second control section retaining wall (2) with a maintenance door cabinet (17), and the maintenance door is arranged in the maintenance door cabinet (17) in the upper space of the second control section retaining wall (2).

3. The retaining wall of a flow-through empty box-type gate station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The standard section retaining wall (3) is straight; the standard section retaining wall (3) is 10~20m long; the standard section retaining wall (3) includes a bottom plate (11), a front wall (12), a rear wall (13), and a top plate (14). The bottom plate (11) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the standard section retaining wall (3). The front wall (12) and the rear wall (13) are vertically arranged on the bottom plate (11) and located on the front and rear sides of the retaining wall, respectively. The top plate (14) is horizontally arranged on the top of the front wall (12) and the rear wall (13). The bottom plate (11), the front wall (12), the rear wall (13), and the top plate (14) enclose the empty box of the wall. The empty box of the standard section retaining wall (3) serves as a flow channel (15).

4. The retaining wall of a flow-through empty box-type gate station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining wall (4) at the inlet and outlet section is curved; the retaining wall (4) at the inlet and outlet section includes a bottom plate (11), a front wall (12), a rear wall (13), a top plate (14), a water guide wall (18), and side walls (19). The bottom plate (11) is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the retaining wall (4) at the inlet and outlet section. The front wall (12) and the rear wall (13) are vertically arranged on the bottom plate (11) and are located on the front and rear sides of the retaining wall, respectively. The top plate (14) is horizontally arranged on the front wall (12). The bottom plate (11), front wall (12), rear wall (13), and top plate (14) enclose the top of the rear wall (13) to form the empty box of the wall; the side wall (19) is arranged vertically on the bottom plate (11) and together with the front wall (12) and rear wall (13) encloses the empty box of the wall; the water guide wall (18) is arranged outside the flow section of the retaining wall (4) in the inlet and outlet section for guiding the water flow; the front wall (12) of the retaining wall (4) in the inlet and outlet section is provided with an inlet and outlet.

5. A flow-through empty box-type gate retaining wall as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The total retaining height H of the control section retaining wall, the standard section retaining wall (3), and the inlet / outlet section retaining wall (4) is related to the wall thickness. t w The ratio of H / t w Take 8~12; the net width of the flow channel (15) B n With net height h d ratio B n / h d Take 0.8~1.5; the thickness of the base plate (11) shall not be less than 0.6m and not less than the thickness of the wall. t w 1.2 times; the thickness of the top plate (14) is not less than 0.5m; the inner corners of the bottom plate (11), front wall (12), rear wall (13) and top plate (14) are chamfered and saddle-shaped, and the inner wall of the flow channel (15) does not have any protruding parts exposed.

6. A collaborative construction method for a retaining wall of a flowable empty box-type gate station as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Determine the net width of the flow channel (15) according to the following formula: 2) The earth pressure reduction effect of the retaining wall of the control section on the side pier of the gate chamber (5) or pump station (6) is quantitatively described by the following formula: 3) The overturning stability of the retaining wall in the control section under the action of the operating water level in the flow passage (15) is checked according to the following formula, and its overturning stability coefficient is required to be not less than 1.5: In the formula: B n The net width of the flow channel (15); Q d For designing overflow; μ b The flow coefficient of the flow channel (15); h d The design water depth is given by g; g is the acceleration due to gravity; Δ H d To design head difference; β s This is the earth pressure reduction factor for the side pier; H o This refers to the original soil height behind the side pier when no control section retaining wall is installed; H c To determine the effective earth pressure height behind the retaining wall pier in the control section; K o To determine the overturning stability coefficient of the retaining wall in the control section; W c The self-weight of the retaining wall in a single linear meter control section; N w The weight of water per meter when the flow channel (15) is at the operating water level; b c As an anti-overturning lever arm; K a This is the active earth pressure coefficient; γ s The weight of soil; 4) Foundation excavation and treatment: After excavation to the design elevation, foundation treatment is carried out and a subbase is laid; 5) Symmetrical casting of the base plate (11): First, cast the base plate (11) of the control section retaining wall, then symmetrically cast the base plate (11) of the upstream and downstream inlet and outlet retaining walls (4), and finally cast the base plate (11) of the standard section retaining wall (3). Construction joints and waterstops are set between adjacent base plates (11). 6) Layered and compartmentalized pouring of the wall body: the front wall (12), rear wall (13), side wall (19), and water guide wall (18) are poured with a layer thickness of no more than 3.0m. Every 20~30m of pouring, a post-pouring strip or compartmentalized joint is set along the longitudinal direction. The pouring temperature is controlled within the range of 5℃~30℃. 7) Top slab (14) pouring: erect a support formwork in the flow channel (15), align it with the back pouring strip of the wall and pour the top slab (14). Remove the formwork after the concrete strength reaches 70% of the design strength. 8) Synchronous symmetrical backfilling: Synchronous layered compaction backfilling is adopted on both sides of the wall. The thickness of a single backfill layer is no more than 30cm. The height difference Δh between the two sides of the backfill is controlled by the following formula: In the formula: Δ h max This represents the maximum allowable difference in backfill height between the two sides. σ allow This refers to the allowable stress of the wall during the construction period; t w The thickness of the wall; H w This represents the current backfill height. ξ d This is the amplification factor for the construction compaction force; K a , γ s Same meaning as before; 9) Installation of metal structure and electromechanical equipment: Install the working gate in the gate slot (16) of the retaining wall of the control section, install the maintenance gate in the maintenance gate cabinet (17) of the retaining wall (2) of the control section, and install the inlet and outlet supporting facilities at the front wall (12) of the retaining wall (4) of the inlet and outlet section. After acceptance, it will be put into operation.

7. A collaborative operation and maintenance method for the retaining wall of a flow-through empty box-type gate station as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, A three-stage progressive overcurrent method is adopted, and the switching threshold between the low-flow and medium-flow operating conditions is... Q 1. Take 25%~50% of the designed flow rate; the switching threshold between the medium flow rate condition and the high flow rate condition. Q 2. Take 60%~85% of the designed flow rate: 1) In low flow conditions, only the working gate in the gate slot (16) of the retaining wall of the control section is used for overflow; 2) In medium flow conditions, when the working gate is opened, the empty box of the retaining wall of the control section is used as the flow passage (15). 3) High flow conditions: Based on medium flow conditions, the empty walls of the retaining walls (3) of the upstream and downstream standard sections are used as flow channels (15) in a symmetrical and sequential manner. The total current capacity of each stage is determined by the following formula: The flow distribution coefficient between each flow channel (15) is controlled by the following formula to ensure that the relative deviation of the flow velocity in each channel is no more than 15%: In the formula: Q Total system throughput; Q g To control the flow rate of the working gate of the retaining wall section; n c , n s The numbers represent the number of control section retaining walls and standard section retaining walls (3) and flow channels (15) that are put into operation, respectively; n is the total number of flow channels (15) put into operation, n= n c + n s ; Q c,box , Q s,box The flow capacity of the empty box of the single-hole control section retaining wall and the single-hole standard section retaining wall (3) are respectively; λ i Let be the flow distribution coefficient for the i-th flow channel (15); μ i , A i , H i Let be the flow coefficient, cross-sectional area, and effective head of the i-th flow channel (15), respectively; j is the summation index, and the working gate flow rate is calculated by iterating through all the flow channels (15) in operation. Q g The total system flow rate is counted separately according to formula (5) and is not included in the flow rate allocation described in formula (6).

8. The collaborative operation and maintenance method for a flow-through empty box-type gate station retaining wall as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The retaining wall of the control section is the second retaining wall (2) including the maintenance gate (17); When the working gate in the gate slot (16) of the retaining wall of the control section is to be repaired, the repair gate is first lowered into the repair gate housing (17) of the retaining wall (2) of the control section to stop the water flow and drain the flow passage (15). The workers enter the flow passage (15) and gate slot (16) through the repair port reserved in the top plate (14) to carry out the repair work. After the repair is completed, the repair gate is raised in reverse order to restore normal operation. When inspecting the interior of the flow passage (15) of the standard section retaining wall (3) or the inlet / outlet section retaining wall (4), first adjust the flow distribution coefficient of the passage to be inspected according to the flow distribution coefficient formula. λ i After adjusting to zero and emptying the empty box in that section, the work can be carried out through the maintenance port reserved on the top plate (14). During the maintenance period, the total flow capacity formula of the remaining empty boxes continues to bear the system flow.

9. The collaborative operation and maintenance method for a flow-through empty box-type gate station retaining wall as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The switching threshold between low-flow and medium-flow operating conditions Q 1. Separate into uplink threshold Q 1,hi With downlink threshold Q 1,lo ,and Q 1,hi > Q 1,lo The switching threshold between the medium flow rate condition and the high flow rate condition. Q 2. Separate into uplink threshold Q 2,hi With downlink threshold Q 2,lo ,and Q 2,hi > Q 2,lo The condition for switching from low-flow operating mode to medium-flow operating mode is: the total system overflow. Q Not less than Q 1,hi When the control section retaining wall empty box is used as the flow passage (15); the condition for reverting from medium flow condition to low flow condition is: the total system flow rate. Q Not greater than Q 1,lo And last for at least the minimum settling time t min When the control section retaining wall is closed, the flow passage (15) of the empty box is closed; the condition for switching from medium flow condition to high flow condition is: the total system flow rate. Q Not less than Q 2,hi At that time, the empty wall boxes of the retaining walls (3) of the upstream and downstream standard sections are used symmetrically and successively as flow channels (15); the condition for reverting from high flow condition to medium flow condition is: the total flow rate of the system Q Not greater than Q 2,lo And last for at least the minimum settling time t min At the same time, the flow channels (15) of the empty wall boxes of the upstream and downstream standard section retaining walls (3) that have been activated are closed symmetrically and successively; during the transition period of any of the above switching, the flow channels (15) are activated or closed in a sequential manner, and the total flow rate of the system during the transition period is... Q Effective adjustment rate |d Q / d t |Not greater than the designed overflow Q d 8%~12% / min.

10. The collaborative operation and maintenance method for a flow-through empty box-type gate station retaining wall as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The uplink threshold Q 1,hi Take the design flow rate Q d 45%~50%, the downlink threshold Q 1,lo Take the design flow rate Q d 25%~30%; the uplink threshold Q 2,hi Take the design flow rate Q d 80%~85%, the downlink threshold Q 2,lo Take the design flow rate Q d 60%~65%; the low / medium hysteresis band width Δ Q 1= Q 1,hi - Q 1,lo With the medium / high hysteresis band width Δ Q 2= Q 2,hi - Q 2,lo All are not less than the designed flow rate Q d 15% and no more than 25%; the minimum settling time t min Take for 3-10 minutes.

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