A construction method and structure of multiple waterproofing and drainage of a deformation joint suitable for an overhead floor

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-layered waterproofing and drainage construction method and structure for expansion joints in elevated floors, belonging to the field of building construction technology. The method includes: placing extruded polystyrene (XPS) boards between the reinforcing bars of the beams on both sides of the expansion joint; placing rubber waterstops between the beams and the upper retaining platform; simultaneously pouring concrete on both sides to form retaining platforms; filling the space between the two retaining platforms with hemp fiber; setting a U-shaped metal waterstop with flanged edges on the upper part of the two retaining platforms, with the U-shaped groove facing upwards; placing a waterproof membrane on top of the U-shaped metal waterstop; applying sealant to the bottom of the XPS board; and setting a drainage channel at the bottom of the expansion joint. This invention forms multiple waterproofing measures through XPS boards, rubber waterstops, hemp fiber, U-shaped metal waterstops, waterproof membranes, and sealant, and actively drains water through the drainage channel at the bottom, organically combining waterproofing and drainage. Even if the waterproofing system partially fails, seepage can be actively drained, preventing indoor leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, and in particular relates to a construction method and structure for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of the construction industry, fourth-generation housing is becoming increasingly common, and the application of elevated floors is becoming more widespread. Because expansion joints are required between the elevated floor and the building to accommodate different settlement and deformation requirements, the waterproofing of these expansion joints is becoming increasingly prominent. As a key structural node in a building structure that adapts to temperature changes and uneven settlement, the waterproofing performance of expansion joints directly affects the building's functionality and durability. Once leakage occurs at the expansion joint, it not only affects the normal use of the building but may also lead to serious problems such as steel corrosion and structural safety hazards.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream methods for waterproofing expansion joints include installing U-shaped metal waterstops, embedded rubber waterstops, and laying waterproof membranes. However, in practical applications, these methods frequently result in leakage, and the problem remains unresolved. The reason for this is that traditional expansion joint waterproofing solutions primarily rely on a "blocking" approach, that is, preventing water infiltration through sealing. However, expansion joints themselves need to adapt to repeated structural deformations, and the sealing materials are prone to aging and cracking under long-term expansion, contraction, and shearing deformations, leading to waterproofing layer failure. Once the waterproofing layer is damaged, water that has seeped into the expansion joint has nowhere to drain and will inevitably seep into the interior, causing irreparable damage.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies already include solutions that combine waterproofing and drainage. For example, Chinese patent application CN121675534A discloses a deformation joint structure and construction method based on active drainage and long-term sealing. This solution focuses on "replacing blockage with drainage," and its structure includes a bottom active drainage component and a top sealing component. The bottom active drainage component includes flexible waterproof tape fixed to the side walls of the building structure on both sides of the deformation joint via an adhesive layer. This flexible waterproof tape bends downwards in the middle of the joint to form a drainage channel for collecting and draining liquid. The top sealing component includes waterproof retaining walls installed on the top surfaces of the building structures on both sides and a top cover plate spanning the deformation joint and covering the waterproof retaining walls on both sides. This solution forms a first line of defense by the top cover plate and the side waterproof retaining walls to block external water sources, and a second line of defense by the flexible waterproof tape at the bottom, actively collecting and draining any infiltrated water.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned existing technical solutions still have the following shortcomings: First, the waterproofing layer of this solution is relatively simple. The top relies solely on the waterproof retaining wall and the top cover plate to form a seal, while the middle lacks effective water-stopping measures. Once the top sealing components fail due to deformation or aging, moisture will directly enter the expansion joint, and the bottom flexible waterproof tape alone cannot completely eliminate the risk of leakage.

[0006] Secondly, the flexible waterproof tape in this solution is adhered to the structural sidewalls on both sides of the expansion joint through an adhesive layer. When the structure undergoes repeated expansion and contraction deformation, the adhesive layer is subjected to shear stress for a long time, which poses a risk of aging and falling off, thus affecting the durability of the drainage function.

[0007] Third, the top cover plate of this scheme is laid across the expansion joint, and there is an upward gap between the cover plate and the building structure on both sides. Rainwater or open water can easily seep in along the upward gap, reducing the reliability of the top defense line.

[0008] Fourth, the drainage channel of this scheme is formed by bending the flexible waterproof tape downwards. Its drainage cross-sectional shape and size are limited by the flexibility of the tape, resulting in limited drainage capacity and a lack of systematic connection design with external drainage facilities.

[0009] Therefore, developing a new type of expansion joint waterproofing and drainage system that can effectively adapt to the expansion and contraction of expansion joints and combine multiple waterproofing layers with active drainage has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a multi-layered waterproofing and drainage construction method and structure for expansion joints on elevated floors. This method can adapt to the deformation of expansion joints, greatly reduce the risk of leakage, and even if the waterproofing is damaged, it can prevent indoor leakage through drainage measures.

[0011] This invention is implemented as follows: a multi-layer waterproofing and drainage construction method for expansion joints in elevated floors, comprising the following steps: a. Extruded polystyrene boards are placed between the reinforcing bars of the beams on both sides of the expansion joint as side formwork for the structures on both sides of the expansion joint, and also as the final waterproof filling layer. b. Install a rubber waterstop between the beam and the upper retaining platform as the first waterstop measure for the expansion joint; c. Concrete is poured on both sides of the expansion joint simultaneously to form a retaining platform located on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint; d. Fill the upper part of the rubber waterstop and the space between the two baffles with hemp fibers as a second water-stopping measure; e. A U-shaped metal waterstop with a flange is installed on the upper part of the two baffles, and the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped metal waterstop is set with the reverse side facing upward; f. Install waterproof membrane on the upper part of the U-shaped metal waterstop; g. Apply sealant to the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board; h. A drainage ditch is installed at the bottom of the expansion joint, and the drainage ditch is connected to the external drainage facilities.

[0012] Furthermore, in step a, the extruded polystyrene board is clamped and fixed with steel bars on both sides to ensure that the position of the extruded polystyrene board is accurate; when the extruded polystyrene board is placed, it is ensured that the extruded polystyrene board is straight and that the space between the two side structures is filled with the extruded polystyrene board to avoid interruption of the extruded polystyrene board.

[0013] Furthermore, in step b, the circular hole in the middle of the rubber waterstop is located in the middle of the expansion joint to ensure that the rubber waterstop can adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint; the two ends of the rubber waterstop are fixed to the upper reinforcement of the beam with reinforcement bars to ensure that the rubber waterstop is accurately positioned and does not deviate during the concrete pouring process.

[0014] Furthermore, in step c, the two abutments are symmetrically arranged in right-angled trapezoids and are located on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint, respectively; the concrete is poured symmetrically on both sides to avoid the extruded polystyrene board from tilting during the pouring process; the abutments and the beams and slabs of the expansion joint are poured simultaneously, leaving no construction joint.

[0015] Furthermore, in step d, the hemp fiber is filled between the two blocks, and no gaps are left between the hemp fiber and the expansion joint.

[0016] Furthermore, in step e, the two wings of the U-shaped metal waterstop are the same width as the top of the baffle, the flange is located on the side of the baffle and is fixed with nails; the side of the baffle and the flange of the metal waterstop are sealed with sealant.

[0017] Furthermore, in step f, two layers of waterproof membrane are installed on the upper part of the U-shaped metal waterstop. Before laying the first layer of waterproof membrane, a layer of non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating is first laid on the upper surface of the U-shaped metal waterstop, and then the waterproof membrane is laid.

[0018] Furthermore, in step g, sealant is used to seal the unfilled areas of the extruded polystyrene board at the bottom of the expansion joint.

[0019] Furthermore, in step h, the drainage trough is fixed to the beams on both sides of the expansion joint by nails, and the edge of the drainage trough is sealed with sealant; a drainage pipe is installed at intervals along the drainage trough to lead to nearby drainage facilities or outdoors.

[0020] A multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure for expansion joints in elevated floors, obtained using the above-mentioned construction method, includes, from bottom to top: Drainage channels are installed at the bottom of the expansion joint; Sealant applied to the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board; Extruded polystyrene board installed between the beams on both sides of the expansion joint; Rubber waterstop strip installed between the beam and the upper retaining platform; Oiled hemp fibers are placed between the two platforms; A U-shaped metal waterstop with flanges is installed on the upper part of the two baffles. The U-shaped groove of the U-shaped metal waterstop is reversed and upward, and the flange is located on the side of the baffle. Waterproof membrane installed on top of the U-shaped metal waterstop.

[0021] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are: 1. All waterproofing facilities do not affect the deformation of the expansion joint, and the waterproofing function is not affected after deformation.

[0022] 2. The entire waterproof system has no seams facing upwards.

[0023] 3. The multiple waterproofing systems work together and complement each other, with high redundancy, and the failure of one waterproofing layer will not affect the effectiveness of the others.

[0024] 4. Combining waterproofing and drainage, even if leakage occurs in the expansion joint, the water can be diverted away through the drainage channel and drainage pipe installed at the bottom, avoiding impact on the indoor environment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the waterproofing and drainage system for the planar expansion joint of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram of a U-shaped metal waterstop with flanges; Figure 3 This is a diagram of the waterproof membrane above the U-shaped metal waterstop with flanges; Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the construction of a drainage trough and drainage pipes.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Beam; 2. Stand; 3. Extruded polystyrene board; 4. Rubber waterstop; 5. Oiled hemp fiber; 6. U-shaped metal waterstop; 6-1. U-shaped channel; 6-2. Flanged edge; 7. First layer of waterproof membrane; 8. Second layer of waterproof membrane; 9. Sealant; 10. Drainage channel; 11. Expansion bolt; 12. Sealant; 13. Drainage pipe; 14. Nail. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "middle", "lower", "inner", "outer", "both sides", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the purpose of simplifying the description of this invention and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-layer waterproofing and drainage construction method for expansion joints in elevated floors, comprising the following steps: 1. Step a Extruded polystyrene (XPS) boards 3 are placed between the reinforcing bars of beams 1 on both sides of the expansion joint as side formwork for the structures on both sides of the expansion joint, and also as the final waterproofing filling layer. XPS board 3 is a closed-cell honeycomb structure with extremely low water absorption, high compressive strength, and excellent thermal insulation properties. When placing XPS board 3, its thickness should match the width of the expansion joint to ensure that it completely fills the internal space of the expansion joint. During concrete pouring, XPS board 3 acts as side formwork, effectively restraining the flow of concrete and ensuring the forming quality of the structures on both sides of the expansion joint. After the structure is formed, XPS board 3 remains inside the expansion joint as a filling layer, accommodating the expansion and contraction of the expansion joint and also providing auxiliary waterproofing and thermal insulation.

[0031] This step, by placing extruded polystyrene board 3 as the side formwork and filling layer, eliminates the need for the traditional erection and dismantling of wooden or steel formwork, simplifying the construction process and reducing construction costs. On the other hand, the extruded polystyrene board 3, as a permanent filling layer, is placed inside the expansion joint. Its closed-cell structure effectively prevents moisture from seeping downwards along the expansion joint, forming the first waterproof barrier of the expansion joint (serving as a filling layer and also waterproof). At the same time, it can adapt to the expansion and contraction deformation caused by temperature changes or uneven settlement of the expansion joint, avoiding the problem of traditional rigid filling materials losing their waterproof function due to deformation and cracking.

[0032] 2. Step b A rubber waterstop 4 is installed between beam 1 and the upper retaining platform 2 as the first layer of waterproofing for the expansion joint. The rubber waterstop 4 is a centrally embedded type, possessing good elasticity and aging resistance, with a circular hole in the center of its cross-section. During installation, the rubber waterstop 4 is arranged along the entire length of the expansion joint, with its main body positioned between the upper surface of beam 1 and the subsequently poured retaining platform 2. The rubber waterstop 4 utilizes its high elasticity and resilience to adapt to the expansion and shear deformation of the expansion joint. When relative displacement occurs between the structures on both sides of the expansion joint, the rubber waterstop 4 absorbs the displacement through its elastic deformation, while maintaining the integrity of its water-blocking function.

[0033] The embedded rubber waterstop 4 in this step serves as a complete transverse water-stop barrier, positioned at the horizontal construction joint between beam 1 and retaining wall 2, effectively blocking water leakage along this joint. The circular hole in the center of the rubber waterstop 4 increases its deformation capacity in both tensile and compressive directions, allowing it to withstand significant structural deformation without breaking or detaching. Compared to traditional methods relying solely on surface sealing, the embedded waterstop embeds the waterproof barrier within the structure, resulting in higher waterproofing reliability and better durability.

[0034] 3. Step c Concrete is poured simultaneously on both sides of the expansion joint to form retaining platforms 2 located on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint. The retaining platform 2 is a concrete structure that protrudes upward from the upper surface of the beams 1 on both sides of the expansion joint, and its top is used to support the subsequent U-shaped metal waterstop 6. The two retaining platforms 2 are arranged opposite each other to form a symmetrical support structure above the expansion joint.

[0035] During pouring, the slump and pouring speed of the concrete must be controlled. The concrete surface should be kept moist during curing, and the curing time should be no less than 14 days to ensure the concrete reaches its design strength.

[0036] This step involves simultaneously and symmetrically pouring concrete on both sides of the expansion joint. This balances the lateral pressure exerted on the extruded polystyrene (XPS) board 3 by the concrete on both sides, effectively preventing the XPS board 3 from tilting or shifting due to excessive pressure on one side during pouring. This ensures the positional accuracy and verticality of the XPS board 3 within the expansion joint. Furthermore, symmetrical pouring also ensures that the structures on both sides form a uniform whole, reducing shrinkage cracks caused by differences in pouring time.

[0037] 4. Step d Hemp fibers 5 are filled between the two retaining platforms 2 and the upper part of the rubber waterstop 4 as a second layer of waterproofing. Hemp fibers 5 are flexible fibrous sealing materials made by treating hemp fibers with anti-corrosion agents and impregnating them with asphalt or similar waterproofing materials. They have a high compression ratio, good resilience, and self-sealing properties. During filling, the hemp fibers 5 are filled in layers into the cavity between the two retaining platforms 2, and each layer is compacted using a special tool to ensure that the hemp fibers 5 fully fill the cavity of the expansion joint and fit tightly against the concrete walls on both sides of the expansion joint.

[0038] The hemp fiber 5 used in this step serves as a flexible sealing material, forming an elastic sealing layer between the two baffles 2. When the width of the expansion joint changes due to temperature variations or structural settlement, the hemp fiber 5, with its high compression ratio and resilience, maintains tight contact with both sides of the expansion joint, preventing gaps from forming due to changes in joint width. This effectively prevents moisture from seeping upwards along the expansion joint. Simultaneously, the fiber structure of the hemp fiber 5 has a capillary blocking effect, cutting off the path of moisture climbing upwards along the fiber direction. The hemp fiber 5 and the rubber waterstop 4 below form two layers of waterproofing, complementing each other. Even if the rubber waterstop 4 experiences localized defects under extreme deformation, the hemp fiber 5 can still provide a seal, creating multiple layers of waterproof protection.

[0039] 5. Step e A U-shaped metal waterstop 6 with flanges is installed on the upper part of the two retaining platforms 2. The U-shaped groove 6-1 of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is set upwards. The U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is made of stainless steel or galvanized steel sheet and is stamped. Its cross-section is U-shaped, with the U-shaped groove 6-1 opening upwards. The top of the two side walls of the U-shaped groove 6-1 extends horizontally outwards to form two wings, and the ends of the two wings are bent downwards to form flanges 6-2. During installation, the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is placed across the expansion joint on the two retaining platforms 2. The U-shaped groove 6-1 is located directly above the expansion joint, the two wings are supported on the top surface of the two retaining platforms 2 respectively, and the flanges 6-2 are attached to the outer wall surface of the retaining platform 2.

[0040] The U-shaped metal waterstop 6 with flanged edges in this step is made of metal, which has high strength and rigidity, can withstand the load and deformation from above, is not prone to aging or deformation, and has a long service life. The U-shaped groove 6-1 is set with the opening facing upwards. On the one hand, this makes the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 have a structure similar to a "U" shaped groove. Even if a small amount of water crosses the first waterproof membrane 7 and the second waterproof membrane 8 and flows along the upper surface of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6, the groove wall of the U-shaped groove 6-1 can effectively block the lateral diffusion of water, confining the water within the U-shaped groove 6-1 for easy collection and drainage. On the other hand, the groove body of the U-shaped groove 6-1 itself has a certain deformation margin. When the expansion joint undergoes expansion and contraction, the bottom of the U-shaped groove 6-1 can adapt to the change in joint width through local bending deformation without generating excessive stress concentration. The addition of flange 6-2 increases the contact area and anchorage length between the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 and the baffle 2, which not only improves the stability of the installation but also creates a longer watertight path—water must bypass the bottom of flange 6-2 to continue to penetrate inward, effectively enhancing the waterproofing effect.

[0041] 6. Step f A first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and a second layer of waterproof membrane 8 are installed on top of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6. The first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and the second layer of waterproof membrane 8 are made of polymer-modified bitumen waterproof membrane or synthetic polymer waterproof membrane, possessing excellent waterproof and weather-resistant properties. During installation, the first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and the second layer of waterproof membrane 8 are laid over the upper surface of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 and the top surface of the two side retaining platforms 2, extending to the upper surface of the beam and slab structure outside the retaining platforms 2, forming a continuous and complete waterproof covering layer. The overlap width of the first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and the second layer of waterproof membrane 8 should meet the specifications, and the overlap joints should be sealed by heat fusion or welding to ensure the reliability of the waterproofing at the overlap joints.

[0042] The first and second waterproof membranes 7 and 8 in this step serve as the uppermost waterproof barrier, directly facing the external water source and effectively preventing rainwater, standing water, and moisture from seeping downwards. The continuous laying of the first and second waterproof membranes 7 and 8 covers the entire expansion joint area and its surrounding structure, eliminating any upward-facing seams above the expansion joint and fundamentally eliminating channels for water to seep in along the gaps. Compared to the traditional expansion joint method of using a metal cover plate and sealant for top sealing (which has inherent defects such as sealant aging and leakage through upward-facing seams), the first and second waterproof membranes 7 and 8 of this invention achieve completely seamless coverage, resulting in higher waterproof reliability and better durability. Simultaneously, the first and second waterproof membranes 7 and 8 also protect the underlying U-shaped metal waterstop 6 from ultraviolet radiation and mechanical damage, extending the service life of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6.

[0043] 7. Step g A sealant 9 is applied to the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board 3. The sealant 9 is made of polyurethane sealant or a similar highly elastic sealing material, which has good adhesion, elasticity and water resistance. During construction, the sealant 9 is embedded in the unfilled area of ​​the extruded polystyrene board 3 at the bottom of the expansion joint, so that the sealant 9 is tightly bonded to the concrete walls on both sides of the expansion joint and the bottom surface of the extruded polystyrene board 3, forming a sealing layer at the bottom of the expansion joint.

[0044] The sealant 9 used in this step serves as the bottom sealing measure for the expansion joint, forming an elastic sealing layer at the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board 3. This effectively blocks water leakage that may occur along the gap between the extruded polystyrene board 3 and the concrete wall. The sealant 9, together with the extruded polystyrene board 3, rubber waterstop 4, and hemp fiber 5 above, constitute a complete vertical waterproofing system. This system forms a multi-layered, multi-tiered waterproof barrier from bottom to top. If any one barrier fails, the others can still independently perform their waterproofing function, achieving a high degree of redundancy in waterproofing.

[0045] 8. Step h A drainage trough 10 is installed at the bottom of the expansion joint, and the drainage trough 10 is connected to the external drainage facilities. The drainage trough 10 is a trough-shaped component made of stainless steel or PVC, with a U-shaped cross-section, opening upwards, and running the entire length of the expansion joint. The top of the two side walls of the drainage trough 10 are connected and fixed to the bottom surface of the beams 1 on both sides of the expansion joint. After installation, the bottom elevation of the drainage trough 10 is lower than the lowest point inside the expansion joint, allowing any liquid water that may appear inside the expansion joint to flow into the drainage trough 10 under gravity. The drainage trough 10 has a slope along the length of the expansion joint, sloping towards the installation position of the drainage pipe 13. The drainage pipe 13 is a PVC or steel pipe, with its top end connected to the bottom of the drainage trough 10, and its bottom end leading to nearby drainage facilities or outdoor drainage.

[0046] The drainage channel 10 in this step embodies an innovative design concept that combines waterproofing and drainage. Under normal use, the expansion joint relies on multiple waterproofing measures, including the extruded polystyrene board 3, rubber waterstop 4, hemp fiber 5, U-shaped metal waterstop 6, waterproof membrane, and sealant 9, to keep moisture out of the expansion joint. Even in extreme cases—such as unexpected deformation of the building structure leading to the failure of one or more waterproofing measures—water that seeps into the expansion joint can flow downwards along the cavity of the expansion joint, collect in the drainage channel 10 at the bottom, and be systematically discharged to the outside or nearby drainage facilities through the drainage pipe 13. This design completely changes the traditional approach of simply "blocking" expansion joint waterproofing, organically combining "blocking" and "drainage." Even in the event of partial failure of the waterproofing system, it can ensure that the indoor space is not affected by leakage, greatly improving the waterproofing safety redundancy of the expansion joint area.

[0047] This invention also provides a multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure for expansion joints in elevated floors, which is obtained using the above-mentioned construction method. The structure, from bottom to top, includes: a drainage channel 10 at the bottom of the expansion joint; sealant 9 at the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board 3; the extruded polystyrene board 3 between the two beams 1 on both sides of the expansion joint; a rubber waterstop 4 between the beam 1 and the upper retaining platform 2; hemp fiber 5 between the two retaining platforms 2; a U-shaped metal waterstop 6 with flanges on the upper part of the two retaining platforms 2, wherein the U-shaped groove 6-1 of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is reversed and upwards, and the flange 6-2 is located on the side of the retaining platform 2; and a first waterproof membrane 7 and a second waterproof membrane 8 on the upper part of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6.

[0048] The expansion joint is filled with extruded polystyrene board 3, serving as side formwork and permanent filling layer for the structures on both sides. A rubber waterstop 4 is embedded in the upper part of beam 1, located at the junction between beam 1 and retaining platform 2. Retaining platform 2 is a right-angled trapezoidal concrete structure symmetrically arranged on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint. Hemp fiber 5 fills the cavity between the two retaining platforms 2. A U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is erected on the two retaining platforms 2, with the U-shaped groove 6-1 opening upwards. A first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and a second layer of waterproof membrane 8 cover the upper surface of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 and the top surface of the retaining platforms 2 on both sides. Sealant 9 is placed below the extruded polystyrene board 3 at the bottom of the expansion joint. A drainage channel 10 is located at the very bottom of the expansion joint, below the sealant 9.

[0049] In the above structure, the waterproofing and drainage facilities of each layer are arranged layer by layer from bottom to top according to the functional gradient of "drainage → sealing → filling + water stop → sealing → metal water stop → waterproof membrane", forming a complete integrated waterproofing and drainage system.

[0050] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Under normal use, the waterproofing function of the expansion joint is achieved through multiple layers of waterproofing measures working together. The topmost layers of waterproof membrane 7 and 8 act as the first line of defense, covering the entire expansion joint area and directly blocking the infiltration of rainwater and surface water. Because the first and second layers of waterproof membrane 7 and 8 are laid continuously, there are no upward-facing seams above the expansion joint, completely eliminating channels for water to seep in along the gaps. Its waterproofing effect is far superior to the traditional structure of metal cover plates and sealant. At the same time, the first and second layers of waterproof membrane 7 and 8 also protect the underlying U-shaped metal waterstop 6 from ultraviolet rays and mechanical damage, extending its service life.

[0051] When a small amount of moisture accidentally seeps through the first waterproof membrane 7, the second waterproof membrane 8, or along the overlap seams, the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 with a flanged edge below acts as a second waterproof barrier. The U-shaped groove 6-1 of the U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is positioned upwards, and its groove walls prevent moisture from spreading horizontally, confining the moisture within the opening area of ​​the U-shaped groove 6-1. Simultaneously, the bottom of the U-shaped groove 6-1 can bend and deform with the expansion joint, always maintaining tight contact with the baffle 2 to prevent gaps. The flanged edge 6-2 is attached to the side wall of the baffle 2 and fixed with nails 14, sealed with sealant 12, forming a longer watertight path and further enhancing the waterproofing effect. Even if a small amount of moisture passes through the U-shaped metal waterstop 6, the hemp fiber 5 filling the space between the two baffles 2 below will act as a third waterproofing measure. The fiber structure of ramie fiber 5 has a capillary blocking effect, which can cut off the upward path of moisture along the fiber direction. At the same time, its high compression ratio and resilience ensure that it always maintains close contact with the two side walls when the width of the expansion joint changes.

[0052] As moisture continues to seep downwards, the rubber waterstop 4 embedded between beam 1 and retaining wall 2 acts as the fourth layer of waterproofing. The rubber waterstop 4 utilizes its high elasticity to adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint, while its dense rubber material effectively prevents downward moisture penetration. The extruded polystyrene board 3, as the fifth layer of waterproofing, maintains excellent waterproofing performance even after prolonged immersion in water due to its extremely low water absorption rate (typically below 1%) and closed-cell honeycomb structure, effectively preventing moisture from migrating further downwards along the expansion joint. The sealant 9, as the bottom sealing measure, forms the final elastic sealing layer beneath the extruded polystyrene board 3.

[0053] In extreme cases where leakage occurs due to excessive structural deformation beyond design expectations, material aging due to prolonged use, or localized damage caused by accidental construction, the water seeping into the expansion joint will flow downwards along the joint cavity and collect in the drainage trough 10 located at the bottom of the expansion joint. The drainage trough 10 has a slope along the length of the expansion joint, and the collected water flows along the slope under gravity, being systematically discharged to the outside or nearby drainage facilities through the spaced drainage pipes 13. This ensures that even if the waterproofing system fails partially, the seeping water will not overflow into the indoor space.

[0054] Therefore, this invention organically combines the two waterproofing concepts of "blocking" and "dredging": multiple waterproofing measures intercept water step by step from top to bottom, forming multiple waterproof barriers; the drainage channel 10 serves as the final guarantee, actively expelling any water that may seep in. The two work together and complement each other, forming a complete "prevention and drainage combined" waterproofing system.

[0055] This invention employs six waterproofing measures from bottom to top: sealant 9, extruded polystyrene board 3, rubber waterstop 4, hemp fiber 5, U-shaped metal waterstop with flange 6, and a first layer of waterproof membrane 7 and a second layer of waterproof membrane 8, forming a multi-layered, multi-tiered waterproofing system. These multiple waterproofing measures work together and complement each other; even if one measure fails, the others can still independently perform their waterproofing function, providing a high safety margin. Traditional solutions typically only include two to three waterproofing measures, and leakage occurs if any one of them fails. The multi-layered waterproofing design of this invention significantly reduces the risk of overall failure.

[0056] This invention achieves complete coverage of the expansion joint by continuously laying waterproof membrane on top, eliminating any upward-facing seams above the joint. In contrast, traditional solutions inevitably have upward-facing seams between the top metal cover and the surrounding structure, requiring sealant for sealing. However, this sealant is prone to aging and cracking under long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes, and structural deformation, creating leakage channels. The seamless design of this invention eliminates this inherent defect structurally, significantly improving the reliability and durability of the top protective layer. This seamless design eliminates the risk of top leakage.

[0057] The U-shaped metal waterstop 6 of this invention features a U-shaped groove 6-1 facing upwards and equipped with a flange 6-2. The groove wall of the U-shaped groove 6-1 can prevent the lateral diffusion of water, confining the water within the groove for easy centralized drainage. Simultaneously, the curved bottom structure of the U-shaped groove 6-1 has excellent deformation capacity, absorbing the expansion and contraction and shear displacement of the expansion joint through elastic or plastic deformation, preventing breakage or detachment due to structural deformation, thus providing both waterproofing and deformation adaptability. The flange 6-2 is fixed by nails 14 and sealed with sealant 12, forming a reliable dual guarantee of mechanical anchoring and sealing. The U-shaped metal waterstop has a unique structure, combining waterproofing and deformation adaptability.

[0058] This invention incorporates a drainage channel 10 and a drainage pipe 13 at the bottom of the expansion joint, upgrading the traditional waterproofing approach that relies solely on "blocking" to a systematic solution that combines prevention and drainage. Even in extreme cases where multiple waterproofing measures fail completely or partially, water that seeps into the expansion joint can be systematically drained to the outside through the drainage channel 10 and drainage pipe 13 at the bottom. This prevents water from accumulating within the expansion joint and seeping into the indoor space, achieving proactive control and management of leakage risks and ensuring the normal use of the indoor space and the long-term durability of the building structure.

[0059] The method of this invention is clear and easy to operate. The extruded polystyrene board 3 serves as both a permanent filling layer and side formwork, eliminating the need for traditional formwork erection and dismantling, thus simplifying the construction process. The retaining wall 2 and the beams and slabs at the expansion joints are poured simultaneously, eliminating construction joints and avoiding this weak point, thereby improving the overall integrity of the structure and the reliability of waterproofing. The construction sequence of each waterproofing measure has been optimized, with reasonable connections between preceding and subsequent processes, facilitating process control of construction quality.

[0060] The extruded polystyrene board 3, rubber waterstop 4, U-shaped metal waterstop 6, and waterproof membrane used in this invention are all building materials with excellent durability. The U-shaped metal waterstop 6 is made of stainless steel or galvanized steel sheet, possessing excellent corrosion resistance and aging resistance, with a service life that can be synchronized with the main building structure. The hemp fiber 5 undergoes anti-corrosion treatment, and the sealant 9 has excellent aging and weather resistance, both having a long effective service life. Compared to traditional solutions that require periodic replacement of sealant and rubber materials, the waterproofing measures of this invention have a longer overall service life and lower maintenance costs.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of a deformation joint for an overhead floor, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Extruded polystyrene boards are placed between the reinforcing bars of the beams on both sides of the expansion joint as side formwork for the structures on both sides of the expansion joint, and also as the final waterproof filling layer. b. Install a rubber waterstop between the beam and the upper retaining platform as the first waterstop measure for the expansion joint; c. Concrete is poured on both sides of the expansion joint simultaneously to form a retaining platform located on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint; d. Fill the upper part of the rubber waterstop and the space between the two baffles with hemp fibers as a second water-stopping measure; e. A U-shaped metal waterstop with a flange is installed on the upper part of the two baffles, and the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped metal waterstop is set with the reverse side facing upward; f. Install waterproof membrane on the upper part of the U-shaped metal waterstop; g. Apply sealant to the bottom of the extruded polystyrene board; h. A drainage ditch is installed at the bottom of the expansion joint, and the drainage ditch is connected to the external drainage facilities.

2. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and water drainage of a deformation joint for an overhead floor surface according to claim 1, wherein In step a, the extruded polystyrene board is clamped and fixed with steel bars on both sides to ensure that the position of the extruded polystyrene board is accurate; when the extruded polystyrene board is placed, it is ensured that the extruded polystyrene board is straight and that the space between the two side structures is filled with the extruded polystyrene board to avoid interruption of the extruded polystyrene board.

3. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floor slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step b, the circular hole in the middle of the rubber waterstop is located in the middle of the expansion joint to ensure that the rubber waterstop can adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint; the two ends of the rubber waterstop are fixed to the upper reinforcement of the beam with reinforcement bars to ensure that the rubber waterstop is accurately positioned and does not deviate during the concrete pouring process.

4. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step c, the two abutments are symmetrically arranged in right-angled trapezoids and are located on both sides of the upper part of the expansion joint, respectively; the concrete is poured symmetrically on both sides to avoid the extruded polystyrene board from tilting during the pouring process; the abutments and the beams and slabs of the expansion joint are poured at the same time, leaving no construction joint.

5. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floor slabs according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step d, the hemp fiber is filled between the two blocks, and no gaps are left between the hemp fiber and the expansion joint.

6. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step e, the two wings of the U-shaped metal waterstop are the same width as the top of the baffle, the flange is located on the side of the baffle and is fixed with nails; the side of the baffle and the flange of the metal waterstop are sealed with sealant.

7. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step f, two layers of waterproof membrane are installed on the upper part of the U-shaped metal waterstop. Before laying the first layer of waterproof membrane, a layer of non-curing rubber asphalt waterproof coating is first laid on the upper surface of the U-shaped metal waterstop, and then the waterproof membrane is laid.

8. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step g, sealant is used to seal the unfilled areas of the extruded polystyrene board at the bottom of the expansion joint.

9. The construction method for multiple waterproofing and drainage of expansion joints in elevated floors according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step h, the drainage trough is fixed to the beams on both sides of the expansion joint by nails, and the edge of the drainage trough is sealed with sealant; a drainage pipe is installed at intervals along the drainage trough to lead to nearby drainage facilities or outdoors.

10. A multi-layer waterproofing and drainage structure for expansion joints in elevated floors, obtained by the construction method described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, From bottom to top, this includes: Drainage channel (10) is installed at the bottom of the expansion joint; Sealant (9) is placed at the bottom of the extruded board (3); Extruded polystyrene board (3) is placed between the beams (1) on both sides of the expansion joint; Rubber waterstop (4) is installed between the beam (1) and the upper retaining platform (2); Oiled hemp fibers (5) are placed between the two baffles (2); A U-shaped metal waterstop (6) with flanges is set on the upper part of the two baffles (2). The U-shaped groove (6-1) of the U-shaped metal waterstop (6) is set facing upwards, and the flange (6-2) is located on the side of the baffle (2). Waterproof membrane installed on the top of the U-shaped metal waterstop (6).

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