A precast wall panel and its anchoring method

Abstract

A precast wall panel and its anchoring method belong to the field of construction. It is composed of precast wall panels, cast-in-place anchor beams, cast-in-place concrete beams, cast-in-place concrete structural columns, cast-in-place concrete columns, cast-in-place concrete floor slabs, raft foundations (strip foundations), windows (openings), column main reinforcement, beam main reinforcement, beam stirrups, cast-in-place anchor beam main reinforcement, hollow pipes, anchoring steel bars, and other components. The anchoring method of the components involves anchoring the cast-in-place concrete beams, cast-in-place anchor beams, and cast-in-place concrete columns respectively with pre-reserved notches at both ends and pre-reserved anchoring steel bars on the side facades. The cast-in-place concrete structural columns on the precast wall panels are anchored at both ends to the cast-in-place concrete beams, cast-in-place anchor beams, and raft foundations (strip foundations) or cast-in-place concrete floor slabs. This method solves the problems of long construction cycles, high costs, serious material waste, and many construction safety hazards in traditional buildings. It also solves the problems of difficult anchoring, unreliable anchoring, and poor corrosion resistance of infill walls in prefabricated buildings.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention relates to a prefabricated building constructed using prefabricated construction methods, applicable to the construction of all types of buildings. Technical background:

[0002] Currently, with the rise of high-rise buildings, coupled with the increasing scarcity of construction workers, rising construction costs, and numerous safety hazards in construction, traditional construction techniques waste a large amount of reusable materials, especially formwork and timber, indirectly causing serious damage to the national ecology. Construction is also greatly affected by weather and has a long construction cycle. Against this backdrop, an anchoring method for prefabricated buildings and their components has been invented. This method solves the problems of construction worker scarcity, significantly reduces the use of reusable materials, realizes factory production to reduce the dependence of construction on weather, greatly shortens the construction cycle, and significantly reduces construction costs. Most importantly, it solves the anchoring problem between building wall panels and beams, floor slabs, and columns, especially the anchoring problem between the bottom edge of the building wall panel and the floor slab, and further solves the problem of connecting the building wall panels with the building beams and floor slabs into a unified whole. Summary of the Invention:

[0003] To address issues such as the scarcity of construction workers, waste of large quantities of reusable materials, the inability of traditional construction methods to achieve factory production, weather dependence, significantly shortening construction cycles, and greatly reducing construction costs, this invention aims to solve the anchoring problem between building wall panels and beams, floor slabs, and columns. Specifically, it addresses the issues of anchoring the bottom edge of the wall panel to the floor slab and the low safety factor after anchoring. Furthermore, it aims to solve the problem of existing prefabricated buildings where wall panels cannot be anchored into a unified whole with beams and floor slabs. This invention provides an anchoring method for prefabricated buildings and their components, which is a significant improvement over current prefabricated construction methods and traditional construction techniques. Based on existing technologies, this invention provides a prefabricated building solution to address issues such as the anchoring of wall panels to beams, floor slabs, and columns; the anchoring of the bottom edge of the wall panel to the floor slab; the low safety factor after wall panel anchoring; and the connection of wall panels to beams and floor slabs into a unified whole. Currently, apart from the "New Lightweight Energy-Saving and Environmentally Friendly Hollow Precast Slab Frame Structure," which effectively solves the problem of secure anchoring between wall panels and beams, floor slabs, and columns due to its long anti-corrosion period, low cost, convenient construction, and low construction expenses, other prefabricated building technologies have not fundamentally solved these problems. This invention addresses these issues. Attached image description:

[0004] Figure 1This is a side elevation cross-sectional view of the present invention application. The present invention application can be illustrated with only the side elevation cross-sectional view, without the front view and other view annotations. The dimensions, component composition, and component anchoring method need to be set according to the specific situation of the prefabricated building. Figure 2 、 Figure 3 This is the present invention application Figure 1 In the decomposition schematic diagram of the anchoring methods of two precast wall panels, the components and their anchoring relationships are as Figure 1 Shown in the component composition:

[0005] 1 Precast wall panel 2 Cast-in-place anchoring beam 3 Cast-in-place concrete beam 4 Cast-in-place concrete structural column 5 Cast-in-place concrete column 6 Cast-in-place concrete floor slab 7 Raft (strip) foundation 8 Window (opening) 9 Main reinforcement of column 10 Main reinforcement of beam 11 Stirrup of beam 12 Main reinforcement of cast-in-place anchoring beam 13 Hollow pipe 14 Anchoring reinforcement

[0006] The present invention application Figure 1 The functions of each component and the problems solved:

[0007] 1 The precast wall panel is the infill wall of the prefabricated building of the present invention application. The steel mesh is tied inside, the 14 anchoring reinforcements are pre-buried, and the 13 hollow pipes for making the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns are reserved. It bears a certain load of the building itself. Both ends are made into a "convex" shape or a "convex" shape that falls to the left or right. On both sides of the concave parts at both ends, 14 anchoring reinforcements are reserved. The 1 precast wall panel solves the problem that the wall of the building does not need to be masoned through the reserved 14 anchoring reinforcements and the anchoring with the 3 cast-in-place concrete beams and 2 cast-in-place anchoring beams. Most importantly, it solves the problem that after the 14 anchoring reinforcements reserved at both ends of the upper and lower openings of the 1 precast wall panel are respectively anchored into the 3 cast-in-place concrete beams and 2 cast-in-place anchoring beams, the 1 precast wall panel is firmly anchored and its service life is greatly extended. In the prefabricated building, there is a steel skeleton tied in the 1 precast wall panel. The wall panel of the 1 precast wall panel is made of concrete, and it can also be cinder concrete, aerated block concrete, ceramsite concrete, foam concrete, wood-based board, plastic board, glass board, etc. Its main function is to replace bricks; the 14 anchoring reinforcement is the reserved reinforcement on the 1 precast wall panel in the prefabricated building. It can be made into any one or a combination of 3 styles of "1, right angle, N" shapes. Its main function is to anchor the 1 precast wall panel on the 2 cast-in-place anchoring beams, 3 cast-in-place concrete beams, and 5 cast-in-place concrete columns to make the 1 precast wall panel more firmly anchored and have a longer service life; the 13 hollow pipe is the pipe reserved in the 1 precast wall panel. Its main function is to be used for setting the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns. By setting the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns, the upper and lower openings of the 1 precast wall panel are anchored on the 2 cast-in-place anchoring beams, 3 cast-in-place concrete beams, and 6 cast-in-place concrete floor slabs, making the 1 precast wall panel more firm and having a longer service life. Secondly, it reduces the self-weight of the building and can virtually increase the number of floors of the building.

[0008] The 2 cast-in-place anchoring beam is a cast-in-place concrete beam used in this invention to anchor the lower edge of the 1 precast wall panel in prefabricated buildings. It is made into a "U" shape or a "I" shape and mainly serves to anchor the lower edge of the 1 precast wall panel in prefabricated buildings. It mainly solves the problems of unreliable anchoring and short service life of the lower edge of the 1 precast wall panel in prefabricated buildings.

[0009] The cast-in-place concrete beam is a cast-in-place concrete beam used in the prefabricated building of the present invention to anchor the upper part of the prefabricated wall panel 1 of the prefabricated building. It is made into a right angle or an inverted "U" shape, and mainly serves to anchor the upper part of the prefabricated wall panel 1 of the prefabricated building. It mainly solves the problems of unreliable anchoring and short service life of the upper part of the prefabricated wall panel 1 of the prefabricated building.

[0010] The 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns are cast-in-place concrete structural columns used to anchor the upper and lower openings of the 1 precast wall panel in the prefabricated building according to the present invention. They are installed in the pipes inside the 1 precast wall panel. The concrete is poured after the tied steel bars are inserted from the upper opening of the 1 precast wall panel and overlapped with the steel bars of the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns below. The main function is to anchor the upper and lower openings of the 1 precast wall panel in the prefabricated building, and to solve the problems of unreliable anchorage and short service life of the upper and lower openings of the 1 precast wall panel in the prefabricated building.

[0011] 5. The cast-in-place concrete column is the main load-bearing component in the prefabricated building of this invention. The anchoring steel bars reserved on the side facade of the 1 prefabricated wall panel are anchored therein, which mainly play the role of load bearing and secondly play the role of anchoring the side facade of the 1 prefabricated wall panel, thus solving the problems of unreliable anchoring and short service life of the side facade of the 1 prefabricated wall panel in prefabricated buildings.

[0012] The cast-in-place concrete floor slab 6 is the main load-bearing component in the prefabricated building of this invention. Its main function is to bear live loads, and it is also a load-bearing component for the cast-in-place anchor beam 2, thus anchoring the cast-in-place anchor beam 2 and solving the problem that the bottom of the precast wall panel 1 can be anchored to the cast-in-place concrete floor slab 6.

[0013] 7. The raft foundation (strip) is the foundation used in the prefabricated building of this invention.

[0014] 8. Windows (openings) are reserved openings in the prefabricated buildings of this invention.

[0015] The nine main reinforcing bars are the main steel reinforcement skeleton in the five cast-in-place concrete columns of the prefabricated building according to this invention.

[0016] The 10 main reinforcement bars are the main load-bearing steel reinforcement skeletons in the 3 cast-in-place concrete beams of the prefabricated building according to this invention.

[0017] 11 The stirrups of the beam are the main steel bar skeletons in the cast-in-place concrete beam of the prefabricated building in this invention application.

[0018] 12 The main bars of the cast-in-place anchored beam are the main steel bar skeletons in the cast-in-place anchored beam of the prefabricated building in this invention application.

[0019] 13 The hollow pipes are the pipes reserved in the precast wall panels of the prefabricated building in this invention application. Their main function is to reduce the self-weight of the building, and the most important function is to reserve the construction column members for anchoring the upper and lower openings of the precast wall panels.

[0020] 14 The anchoring steel bars are the anchoring steel bars reserved in the precast wall panels of the prefabricated building in this invention application. Their function is to solve the anchoring problems of the upper and lower openings and the side elevations of the precast wall panels with the 6 cast-in-place concrete floors, 5 cast-in-place concrete columns, 3 cast-in-place concrete beams, and 2 cast-in-place anchored beams. Specific implementation manner:

[0021] In order to make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and effects achieved by this invention easy to understand, the following further elaborates this invention with a building of a full-shear-wall raft (strip) foundation without a basement as an example. For the convenience of understanding the anchoring methods of the 2 types of precast wall panels in this invention application, Figure 1 The anchoring methods of the 2 types of precast wall panels are illustrated in a sectional view, and no specific dimension markings are required. Figure 1 The anchoring method of the left precast wall panel adopts the method of respectively anchoring the precast wall panels with a "convex" shape at both ends into the inverted "concave" shaped cast-in-place concrete beam and the "concave" shaped cast-in-place anchored beam. Figure 1 The anchoring method of the right precast wall panel adopts the method of respectively anchoring the left and right tilted "convex" shaped precast wall panels into the positive and negative right-angled shaped cast-in-place concrete beams and the "one" shaped cast-in-place anchored beam. In this embodiment, it is appropriate to set the height of the cast-in-place anchored beam at 20 - 40 cm, the height of the steel bars at 15 - 38 cm. For the convenience of tying the main bars, it is appropriate to set the spacing of the stirrups between 30 - 60 cm, the diameter of the main bars between 10 - 16 mm, and the length of the main bars is set according to the actual situation. When the cast-in-place anchored beam is a "one" shaped cast-in-place anchored beam, the width is set between 1 / 3 - 2 / 3 of the width of the shear wall and not less than 10 cm. This embodiment consists of components such as precast wall panels, cast-in-place anchored beams, cast-in-place concrete beams, cast-in-place concrete construction columns, cast-in-place concrete columns, and cast-in-place concrete floors. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0022] 1) Reserve the steel bars of the 2 cast-in-place anchored beams, 4 cast-in-place concrete construction columns, and 5 cast-in-place concrete columns at the corresponding positions of the raft foundation.

[0023] 2) Tie the reinforcing bars of 5 cast-in-place concrete columns (if the diameter of the main reinforcement is less than 18 mm, it can be tied after the 1 precast wall panel is hoisted) and the reinforcing bars of 2 cast-in-place anchor beams.

[0024] 3) Hoist the 1 precast wall panel to the corresponding shear wall position, insert the reserved steel bars of the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural column into the 13 hollow pipes of the corresponding precast wall panel, and then fix the 1 precast wall panel firmly after correcting its verticality and horizontality.

[0025] 4) Install the formwork for 6 cast-in-place concrete floor slabs and 3 cast-in-place concrete beams. At this time, the formwork installation for 5 cast-in-place concrete columns and 2 cast-in-place anchor beams can also be completed.

[0026] 5) Insert the tied reinforcing bars of the 4 cast-in-place concrete structural columns into the upper opening of the corresponding 13 hollow pipes of the 1 precast wall panel, and anchor them to the reserved reinforcing bars at the lower part of the corresponding 13 hollow pipes of the 1 precast wall panel. The anchorage length of the reinforcing bars must meet the relevant specifications. (At this time, the reinforcing bars with a diameter of less than 18 mm can also be tied and inserted into the upper opening of the 5 cast-in-place concrete column to lap with the reserved reinforcing bars. The lap length must meet the relevant specifications.)

[0027] 6) Tie the reinforcing bars of the three cast-in-place concrete beams.

[0028] 7) Complete the installation of all formwork and complete the reinforcement binding of the cast-in-place concrete floor slabs.

[0029] 8) After all the concrete pouring is completed, repeat the above steps.

[0030] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this invention. To make the prefabricated buildings in this application more robust, corrosion-resistant, durable, and safe, the cast-in-place anchor beams, cast-in-place concrete beams, cast-in-place concrete structural columns, and cast-in-place concrete columns in this application should be poured before the reinforcement of the cast-in-place concrete floor slab is tied. Alternatively, provided construction safety is ensured, they can be poured uniformly after the reinforcement of the cast-in-place concrete floor slab is tied. The component anchoring method of this application can also be used for the anchoring of columns, beams, and other components of buildings. Those skilled in the art should understand that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A precast wall panel and its anchoring method, characterized in that: Both ends of the precast wall panel are made into a "convex" shape or a "convex" shape that is tilted left or right, and double-layer and double-direction steel bars are tied. Anchor bars are reserved at the "concave" openings at both ends of the precast wall panel, and anchor bars are reserved on both side facades; the cast-in-place anchor beam is arranged on the cast-in-place concrete floor slab, made into a "one" shape, and is formed by anchoring with the cast-in-place concrete floor slab with steel bars and then casting concrete; the cast-in-place concrete beam is arranged in a positive and negative right-angled shape; based on the component characteristics such as the precast wall panel, the cast-in-place anchor beam and the anchor bars, the characteristics of the anchoring method of the precast wall panel are: all the joint parts of the precast wall panel with the cast-in-place anchor beam, the cast-in-place concrete beam, the cast-in-place concrete structural column, the cast-in-place concrete column and the cast-in-place concrete floor slab are anchored with the anchor bars on the precast wall panel by cast-in-place concrete; further, the lower opening of the precast wall panel is anchored with the cast-in-place anchor beam and the cast-in-place concrete structural column. The anchoring method is to use cast-in-place concrete to pour the anchor bars reserved at the "concave" opening at the lower opening of the precast wall panel to form an anchoring component - the cast-in-place anchor beam, and anchor the lower opening of the precast wall panel with the cast-in-place anchor beam. Further, through the anchoring component - the cast-in-place concrete structural column formed by pouring concrete with the structural column steel bars in the precast wall panel and the reserved steel bars of the cast-in-place concrete floor slab, the lower opening of the precast wall panel is anchored with the cast-in-place anchor beam; the upper opening of the precast wall panel is anchored with the cast-in-place concrete beam and the cast-in-place concrete structural column. The anchoring method is to use cast-in-place concrete to pour the cast-in-place concrete beam so that the cast-in-place concrete beam is anchored with the anchor bars reserved at the "concave" opening at the upper opening of the precast wall panel; further, through the anchoring component - the cast-in-place concrete structural column formed by pouring concrete with the structural column steel bars in the precast wall panel, the upper opening of the precast wall panel is anchored with the cast-in-place concrete beam; further, the upper "convex" part of the precast wall panel with a "convex" shape that is tilted left or right is anchored in the "groove" of the cast-in-place concrete beam in a positive and negative right-angled shape. When the precast wall panel is in a "convex" shape tilted to the left, the upper opening of the precast wall panel is anchored inside the cast-in-place concrete beam, and the corresponding "one" shaped cast-in-place anchor beam is arranged on the cast-in-place concrete floor slab at a vertical position corresponding to the outside of the cast-in-place concrete beam. When the precast wall panel is in a "convex" shape tilted to the right, the upper opening of the precast wall panel is anchored outside the cast-in-place concrete beam, and the corresponding "one" shaped cast-in-place anchor beam is arranged on the cast-in-place concrete floor slab at a vertical position corresponding to the outside of the cast-in-place concrete beam; further, the cast-in-place concrete structural column is arranged inside the precast wall panel and is formed by cast-in-place concrete. The upper steel bars of the cast-in-place concrete structural column in the precast wall panel are anchored into the cast-in-place concrete beam, and the lower steel bars of the cast-in-place concrete structural column in the precast wall panel are anchored into the cast-in-place anchor beam; both side facades of the precast wall panel are anchored by the reserved anchor bars into the cast-in-place concrete column, and the cast-in-place concrete floor slab is connected and anchored with the cast-in-place concrete beam, the cast-in-place structural column and the cast-in-place concrete column through steel bars.

2. The precast wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hollow pipes are provided inside the precast wall panels. The steel bars reserved by "concaving" at both ends of the precast wall panels are made into any one of the shapes of "1, right angle, N". The reserved steel bars in the shapes of "right angle, N" are arranged in any one of the horizontal and vertical arrangements, and the three shapes can also be arranged in combination.

3. The precast wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: When both ends of the precast wall panel are made into a "convex" shape that can be tilted left and right, the upper mouth of the precast wall panel is anchored to the cast-in-place concrete beam in the shape of a positive and negative right angle, and the lower mouth of the precast wall panel is anchored to the "one"-shaped cast-in-place anchoring beam. The reserved anchoring steel bars at the "concave" openings at both ends of the precast wall panel are all anchored into the cast-in-place concrete beam in the shape of a positive and negative right angle and the "one"-shaped cast-in-place anchoring beam.

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