A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproof structure

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-layered gradient roof waterproofing structure, relating to the technical field of prefabricated roof waterproofing structures. In this invention, the top of the frame is covered with tiles, and limiting components are mounted on the frame to limit and fix the tiles. Sloping plates are symmetrically connected to both sides of the bottom of the frame, and a support plate is installed on the side of the sloping plate away from the frame. Waterproof membrane is laid on the outer surfaces of the frame, sloping plates, and support plates, extending to the parapet wall. The support frame is fixed to the embedded parts in the roof. Cleaning components are mounted on the sloping plates to clean fallen leaves or impurities, reducing drainage problems during rainy days. In this invention, the uppermost layer of tiles acts as the first physical water-blocking layer, preventing rainwater from directly contacting the roof substrate; the middle layer of waterproof membrane forms a continuous and complete water barrier; and the bottommost layer of sealant and waterproof coating acts as the third sealing line, filling all joints, nail holes, and structural gaps. The waterproof membrane extends into the pre-reserved groove in the parapet wall and is sealed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated roof waterproofing structure technology, and in particular to a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of prefabricated building technology, prefabricated roofs have been widely used in industrial and civil building projects due to their advantages such as fast construction speed, high degree of industrialization, energy saving and environmental protection. As the top enclosure structure of a building, the roof undertakes important functions such as rain protection, heat insulation and heat insulation. Its waterproof performance is directly related to the building's safety, indoor environmental quality and overall service life.

[0003] However, existing prefabricated roof waterproofing structures still reveal problems that urgently need to be solved in actual engineering applications. Most roof waterproofing systems are designed with a single waterproof layer, which has a low tolerance for error. Once the waterproof layer is damaged in a certain area, rainwater will spread rapidly under the waterproof layer, causing large-scale leakage. Repairing requires the removal of a large area of ​​the original waterproof layer and insulation layer, which is not only difficult to construct and time-consuming, but also has high maintenance costs, seriously affecting the normal use of the building. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproof structure, comprising a frame, slope slabs, and support plates. The top of the frame is covered with tiles, and limiting components are installed on the frame for limiting and fixing the tiles. Slope slabs are symmetrically connected to the bottom two sides of the frame. Support plates are installed on the side of the slope slabs away from the frame. Waterproof membrane is laid on the outer surfaces of the frame, slope slabs, and support plates and extends to the parapet wall. The support frame is fixed to the embedded parts of the roof. Cleaning components are installed on the slope slabs to clean fallen leaves or impurities on the slope slabs and reduce the possibility of poor drainage when the slope slabs are raining. Reinforcing components are installed between the two symmetrical support plates and the two symmetrical slope slabs to increase the connection between the two and resist the deformation force generated by wind and long-term use.

[0006] The framework is made of H-beams. The bottom of the framework is bolted to the pre-embedded support frame in the roof. During the roof renovation and waterproofing work, debris and dust are first cleaned from the roof surface. Then, the embedded parts connected to the support frame are cast and fixed into the roof concrete layer according to the design position. The support frame is installed after the concrete has hardened. Tiles are laid sequentially on top of the framework, overlapping each other to form a continuous water-retaining layer. The slope slab is bolted to the bottom sides of the framework via connecting ear plates. The support plate is installed vertically on the side of the slope slab away from the framework. Waterproof membrane is fully laid on the outer surfaces of the framework, slope slab, and support plate, with the edges extending into the pre-reserved groove in the parapet wall.

[0007] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the prefabricated roof support structure is formed by the frame, slope plate and support plate, which facilitates quick on-site installation and construction. The tiles, as the first water-blocking layer, can prevent most rainwater from directly contacting the roof. The waterproof membrane forms a continuous waterproof layer that extends to the parapet wall to prevent rainwater from seeping in at the junction of the roof and the parapet wall. The overall structure achieves basic waterproofing function. At the same time, the prefabricated design reduces construction difficulty and improves construction efficiency.

[0008] The limiting component includes a screw, which is rotatably mounted in the internal cavity of the frame via a bearing seat. A turntable wheel is fixedly mounted in the middle of the screw, with its edge extending to the outside of the frame. Opposite-direction external threads are machined on the outer circumferential surfaces of both ends of the screw, and threaded sleeves are threaded onto these threads. The threaded sleeves pass through assembly holes on the sidewall of the frame and extend to the outside of the frame. An annular groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the threaded sleeve. One end of the limiting component is inserted into the annular groove, and a nut is fitted on each side of the threaded sleeve at the annular groove. Tightening the nuts securely fixes the limiting component to the threaded sleeve. The two symmetrically arranged limiting components correspond to the overlapping portions of two adjacent overlapping tiles.

[0009] The above components achieve the following effects: by rotating the actuating wheel to drive the screw to rotate, the positions of the threaded sleeves at both ends can be adjusted simultaneously, thereby quickly adjusting the distance between the two limiting components to meet the fixing requirements of tiles of different sizes. The No. 1 nut can firmly fix the limiting component on the threaded sleeve to prevent the limiting component from loosening during use, ensuring the fixing stability of the tile and preventing the tile from shifting or falling off under the action of wind.

[0010] The limiting component includes a strip plate. The middle part of the strip plate is inserted into the annular groove and fixed by a nut. Arc-shaped buckles are welded to both ends of the strip plate, and the openings of the arc-shaped buckles face the tile.

[0011] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the strip plate can provide stable support for the arc-shaped buckle, the arc-shaped buckle can directly lock the edge of the tile to achieve quick fixation of the tile, and the arc-shaped buckles at both ends of the strip plate can fix two adjacent tiles at the same time, improving the overall integrity and stability of the tile fixation.

[0012] The curved buckle is C-shaped, with its top and bottom ends fastening onto the top and bottom surfaces of the tile to clamp and secure it. A guide block is welded to the curved part of the outer surface of the buckle, and the surface of the guide block is rounded. The connection between the guide block and the outer surface of the curved buckle is polished to eliminate gaps and sharp edges.

[0013] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the C-shaped arc buckle can clamp the tiles from both the top and bottom sides simultaneously, making the fixation more secure; the guide block can guide the rainwater falling on the arc buckle to the surface of the slope board, preventing rainwater from seeping into the frame from the gap between the arc buckle and the tile, protecting the steel of the frame from corrosion, and extending the service life of the structure.

[0014] The cleaning assembly includes an assembly, a lifting member, a cleaning plate, and a trigger. The assembly is installed on the top of the slope plate near the frame. The lifting member is arranged on the assembly along the slope plate's inclination direction, with the cleaning plate and trigger connected to its two ends, respectively. The trigger is installed at the lower edge of the slope plate. Multiple hemispherical protrusions are evenly installed on the side of the cleaning plate that contacts the slope plate; the surfaces of the protrusions are smooth.

[0015] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the trigger can be automatically activated by rainwater, and the cleaning plate can be driven to slide on the surface of the slope through the hanging parts to achieve automatic cleaning of the slope. The protrusions can prevent fallen leaves from sticking to the surface of the cleaning plate during the cleaning process, ensuring the cleaning effect, preventing fallen leaves and impurities from clogging the drainage channels of the slope, and ensuring smooth drainage on rainy days.

[0016] The assembly includes an installation strip, which is fixedly installed on the top of the slope plate along the width direction of the slope plate by means of multiple fixing bolts. A strip rod is vertically welded to the upper surface of the installation strip, and a wing plate is welded to one side of the installation strip. The wing plate is set parallel to the inclination direction of the slope plate, and the lifting device is hung on the strip rod.

[0017] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the mounting strip provides a stable mounting base for the entire cleaning assembly; the bar provides a support point for the suspension and sliding of the lifting components; and the wing plate limits the movement direction of the lifting components, ensuring that the lifting components can move smoothly along the inclination direction of the ramp, thereby improving the stability of the cleaning assembly operation.

[0018] The lifting assembly includes two lifting ropes, each attached to one end of a strip rod. One end of each rope passes downwards through a through-hole in the wing plate and extends to the underside of the wing plate. The lower end of the rope is fixedly connected to the top two ends of the cleaning plate, while the other end extends downwards and connects to a trigger. A spring is fitted onto the section of the rope between the wing plate and the cleaning plate. The upper end of the spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the wing plate, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cleaning plate.

[0019] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the two suspension ropes can pull the two ends of the cleaning plate at the same time, ensuring that the cleaning plate remains horizontal during the sliding process and avoiding tilting; the spring can provide a rebound force when the trigger resets, pushing the cleaning plate downward to complete the cleaning action; at the same time, the spring can play a buffering role, reducing the impact on the structure when the cleaning plate slides.

[0020] The trigger mechanism includes a No. 1 water storage box and a No. 2 water storage box. Hanging plates are rotatably connected to the outer walls of both sides of the No. 1 water storage box, with the upper end of the hanging plate fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension rope. A No. 2 water storage box is welded to the edge of the opening of the No. 1 water storage box. The opening of the No. 2 water storage box faces upwards, and its volume is smaller than that of the No. 1 water storage box.

[0021] The effects achieved by the above components are as follows: the No. 1 water storage box can store rainwater and pull the hanging rope by the change of its own weight; the No. 2 water storage box can change the center of gravity of the No. 1 water storage box, triggering the No. 1 water storage box to tip over, realizing the automatic cycle of cleaning action without manual intervention, reducing the maintenance cost of the roof and ensuring the continuous cleanliness of the slope surface.

[0022] A mounting plate is welded to the side of the support plate that contacts the roof surface. The mounting plate is parallel to the roof base layer and has a continuous slope on its upper surface, sloping towards the drainage ditch of the parapet wall. Multiple mounting slots are formed along the length of one side of the mounting plate, through which fixing bolts securely connect the mounting plate to the roof surface. A connector containing a rectangular block is installed on the side of the support plate near the slope. The rectangular block is bolted to the side wall of the support plate and has a cross-shaped groove, with the longitudinal groove opening towards the slope. A bolt is inserted through the slope at the corresponding position of the cross-shaped groove, with the bolt's threaded portion extending into the longitudinal groove of the cross-shaped groove. A second nut is placed at the transverse groove of the cross-shaped groove, threadedly connecting to the bolt's threaded portion. A insert is welded to the side of the slope near the support plate, with a slot on the rectangular block corresponding to the insert position. The reinforcement assembly includes a truss, horizontally positioned, with both ends bolted to the inner side walls of two symmetrical support plates. Two mounting bases No. 1 are symmetrically installed on the upper surface of the truss. Mounting bases No. 2 are installed on the lower surface of the two symmetrical slope plates at the positions corresponding to the mounting bases No. 1. A support arm connects the mounting bases No. 1 and No. 2, and the two ends of the support arm are hinged to the mounting bases No. 1 and No. 2 respectively.

[0023] The aforementioned components achieve the following effects: the slope of the mounting plate guides rainwater falling on it into the drainage ditch; the mounting groove allows for adjustment of the mounting plate's fixed position to accommodate different roof sizes; the inserts and slots enable initial positioning during installation, improving installation efficiency; and the cross-grooves, bolts, and nuts securely connect the support plate and the slope plate. The truss and support arms form a stable triangular support structure, effectively resisting wind forces and deformation forces generated over long-term use, thus improving the overall stability and service life of the structure.

[0024] A first-order inlay groove is formed along the length of each side wall of the frame, and a second-order inlay groove is formed along the length of the upper surface of the slope slab. Both the first and second inlay grooves have slots on their inner side walls. When laying the waterproof membrane, first insert one end of the first section of waterproof membrane into the first inlay groove, then lay the membrane flat on the surface of the frame, and insert the other end into the second inlay groove. Next, insert one end of the second section of waterproof membrane into the second inlay groove, overlapping the end of the first section. Lay the second section flat on the surface of the slope slab, and insert the other end into the pre-reserved inlay groove in the parapet wall. Simultaneously, multiple spring clips are pressed sequentially into the first and second inlay grooves; these spring clips are made of wavy spring steel. Insert edge strips into the openings of the No. 1 and No. 2 inlay grooves, ensuring the clips on both sides of the edge strips engage with the slots on either side of the inlay grooves. Then, use multiple fastening nails to sequentially penetrate the edge strip, the waterproof membrane, and the bottom of the inlay grooves. Apply sealant evenly to the joints between the edge strip and the inlay grooves, as well as to the nail heads of the fastening nails. After the sealant has cured, apply two coats of waterproof coating to the entire surface of the waterproof membrane.

[0025] The aforementioned components achieve the following effects: The waterproof membrane is segmented and secured using the No. 1 and No. 2 embedding slots, facilitating its installation and replacement. Spring clips tightly press the membrane against the bottom of the embedding slots, preventing air pockets and loosening. Edge strips and fastening nails further secure the edges of the waterproof membrane, preventing it from warping or detaching over time. The sealant effectively seals all gaps and joints, preventing rainwater from seeping in through weak points. The waterproof coating forms a secondary waterproof layer, creating a multi-layered, gradient waterproofing system together with the tiles and waterproof membrane, significantly improving the roof's waterproofing performance and durability.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, the topmost tile serves as the first physical water barrier, preventing rainwater from directly contacting the roof base layer; the middle layer of waterproof membrane forms a continuous and complete water barrier; the bottommost sealant and waterproof coating serve as the third sealing line, filling all joints, nail holes, and structural gaps. At the same time, the waterproof membrane extends into the reserved groove of the parapet wall and is sealed, effectively solving the traditional problem of leakage at the connection between the roof and the parapet wall, and achieving waterproofing of the entire roof without dead angles.

[0027] 2. In this invention, rotating the actuating wheel drives the screw to rotate, simultaneously adjusting the positions of the threaded sleeves at both ends. This allows for quick adaptation to the installation needs of tiles of different specifications, significantly improving construction efficiency. The C-shaped arc-shaped buckle clamps the overlapping portion of the tiles from both the top and bottom, providing uniform and durable fixing force, completely avoiding the problems of loosening and falling off that are common with traditional fixing methods. The guide block on the arc-shaped buckle features a rounded transition design, which smoothly guides rainwater falling on it to the surface of the slope, preventing rainwater from seeping into the frame through the gaps between the arc-shaped buckle and the tiles. This effectively protects the steel structure frame from corrosion and extends the overall service life of the structure.

[0028] 3. In this invention, the gravity of rainwater is used as a power source. The cleaning action is triggered by the weight change of the first and second water storage boxes. The elastic potential energy released by the spring drives the cleaning plate to slide quickly along the slope, automatically removing fallen leaves, dust, and other debris from the surface. The hemispherical protrusions on the cleaning plate effectively prevent fallen leaves from adhering to the cleaning plate, ensuring the cleaning effect.

[0029] 4. In this invention, the truss connects two symmetrical support plates into a whole, and the inclined support arms together with the truss and slope plate form multiple stable triangular support structures, which can evenly distribute the wind load and temperature stress acting on the roof to the entire support system, effectively resist the action of external forces such as strong winds and earthquakes, and prevent the structure from deforming or shifting.

[0030] 5. This invention uses No. 1 and No. 2 embedding grooves to segmentally snap and fix the waterproof membrane, facilitating the laying and partial replacement of the membrane. The wavy spring clips tightly press the waterproof membrane against the bottom of the embedding grooves, preventing air pockets and loosening. Edge strips and fastening nails further secure the edges of the membrane, preventing it from warping or peeling during long-term use.

[0031] 6. This invention adopts a fully prefabricated modular design, making installation and maintenance extremely convenient. All components are prefabricated in the factory, and on-site installation only requires simple bolt connections and splicing. Construction is fast and has minimal impact on the surrounding environment. When a component is damaged, it can be disassembled and replaced individually without extensive demolition of the original structure, resulting in low maintenance costs and a short construction period. Furthermore, this structure is also suitable for the renovation and reconstruction of existing roofs, enabling rapid construction without damaging the original roof structure, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This invention provides a three-dimensional structural diagram of a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure; Figure 2 This invention presents a three-dimensional structural diagram of one side of a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure; Figure 3This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a reinforcement component for a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure; Figure 4 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a limiting component for a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure; Figure 5 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the edge strip and the No. 1 inlay groove of a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure; Figure 6 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a cleaning component for a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure. Figure 7 This invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a cleaning component for a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure from another angle. Figure 8 This invention proposes a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 9 This invention proposes a multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0033] Legend: 1. Frame; 11. No. 1 Inlay Slot; 111. Slot; 12. Assembly Hole; 2. Limiting Component; 21. Screw; 22. Actuating Wheel; 23. Threaded Sleeve; 24. No. 1 Nut; 25. Limiting Component; 251. Strip Plate; 252. Arc Buckle; 253. Guide Block; 3. Tile; 4. Edge Strip; 41. Locking Block; 42. Fastening Screw; 5. Slope Plate; 51. No. 2 Inlay Slot; 52. Insert Block; 6. Cleaning Component; 61. Assembly Part; 611. Mounting Strip; 612. Strip Rod; 613 62. Wing plate; 621. Lifting connector; 622. Lifting rope; 623. Spring; 63. Cleaning plate; 631. Protrusion; 64. Trigger; 641. No. 1 water storage box; 642. Hanging plate; 643. No. 2 water storage box; 7. Support plate; 71. Mounting plate; 72. Mounting groove; 73. Connector; 731. Rectangular block; 732. Cross groove; 733. Bolt; 734. No. 2 nut; 8. Reinforcing component; 81. Truss; 82. No. 1 mounting base; 83. No. 2 mounting base; 84. Support arm; 9. Spring buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figure 1-9As shown, a multi-layer gradient roof waterproofing structure is described. The frame 1 is made of H-beams. The bottom of the frame 1 is fixed to the pre-embedded support frame in the roof with bolts. During the renovation and waterproofing construction of the roof, the debris and dust on the surface of the roof base layer are first cleaned. Then, the pre-embedded parts connected to the support frame are poured and fixed in the roof concrete layer according to the design position. After the concrete solidifies, the support frame is installed. The top of the frame 1 is covered with tiles 3, which are laid in an overlapping manner. The overlapping parts of two adjacent tiles 3 overlap to form a continuous water-retaining layer. Limiting components 2 are installed on the frame 1 to limit and fix the tiles 3, preventing the tiles 3 from shifting or falling off under the action of wind. Connecting ear plates are symmetrically welded on both sides of the bottom of the frame 1. The slope plate 5 is bolted to the frame 1 through the connecting ear plates. A support plate 7 is installed on the side of the slope plate 5 away from the frame 1, and the support plate 7 is set perpendicular to the roof base layer. The outer surfaces of the frame 1, slope slab 5, and support plate 7 are fully covered with waterproof membrane, the edges of which extend into the pre-reserved groove of the parapet wall, forming a continuous, integral waterproof layer. Rainwater falls on the tiles 3, flows along the curved surface of the tiles 3 to the slope slab 5, and then along the slope slab 5 and support plate 7 to the drainage ditch at the edge of the parapet wall, finally being discharged through the drainage pipe, achieving the first layer of waterproof protection. A cleaning component 6 is installed on the slope slab 5, arranged along its length, to automatically clean accumulated leaves, dust, or other impurities, reducing the risk of poor drainage due to debris blockage during rainy days. A reinforcing component 8 is installed between the two symmetrical support plates 7 and the two symmetrical slope slabs 5, spanning between the two support plates 7 and connecting to the slope slabs 5 on both sides, to increase the connection strength and resist lateral thrust from strong winds and structural deformation forces during long-term use.

[0035] The limiting component 2 is equipped with a screw 21, which is rotatably mounted in the internal cavity of the frame 1 via a bearing seat. A turntable 22 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the screw 21, and the edge of the turntable 22 extends to the outside of the frame 1. The operator can rotate the turntable 22 to drive the screw 21 to rotate synchronously. The outer circumferential surfaces of both ends of the screw 21 are machined with external threads of opposite directions. Threaded sleeves 23 are threadedly connected to the external threads at both ends. The threaded sleeves 23 pass through the assembly holes 12 opened on the side wall of the frame 1 and extend to the outside of the frame 1. An annular groove is opened on the outer circumferential surface of the threaded sleeve 23. One end of the limiting member 25 is inserted into the annular groove. Nuts 24 are respectively fitted on both sides of the annular groove on the threaded sleeve 23. Tightening the nuts 24 on both sides can firmly fix the limiting member 25 on the threaded sleeve 23. The two symmetrically arranged limiting members 25 correspond to the overlapping parts of two adjacent overlapping tiles 3, and are used to lock and fix the overlapping parts of the two overlapping tiles 3 together. The limiting component 25 includes a strip plate 251. The middle part of the strip plate 251 is inserted into the annular groove and fixed by a nut 24. Arc-shaped buckles 252 are welded to both ends of the strip plate 251. These buckles 252 are used to hold the edges of the tile 3. The arc-shaped buckles 252 are C-shaped, with their openings facing the tile 3. The upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped buckles 252 are respectively fastened to the upper and lower surfaces of the tile 3, clamping and fixing the tile 3. A guide block 253 is welded to the arc-shaped part of the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle 252. The surface of the guide block 253 has a rounded transition, and the connection between the guide block 253 and the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle 252 is polished to eliminate gaps and sharp edges. When rainwater falls on tile 3, some of the rainwater will splash onto the arc-shaped buckle 252 and flow along the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle 252 to the guide block 253. The arc surface of the guide block 253 will guide the rainwater to the surface of the slope plate 5, and it will not flow inward into the internal cavity of the frame 1, thus preventing the steel of the frame 1 from contacting the rainwater and corroding.

[0036] The cleaning assembly 6 includes a mounting bracket 61, a lifting member 62, a cleaning plate 63, and a trigger member 64. The mounting bracket 61 is installed on the top of the slope plate 5 near the frame 1. The lifting member 62 is mounted on the mounting bracket 61, arranged along the inclination direction of the slope plate 5. The cleaning plate 63 and the trigger member 64 are connected to both ends of the lifting member 62, respectively. The trigger member 64 is installed at the lower edge of the slope plate 5. When the trigger member 64 reaches a preset trigger condition, the lifting member 62 drives the cleaning plate 63 to slide up and down along the inclination direction on the surface of the slope plate 5, automatically cleaning fallen leaves and impurities on the slope plate 5. Multiple protrusions 631 are evenly installed on the side of the cleaning plate 63 that contacts the slope plate 5. The protrusions 631 are hemispherical and have smooth surfaces to prevent fallen leaves from sticking to the surface of the cleaning plate 63 during the cleaning process, ensuring effective cleaning. The assembly 61 includes an installation strip 611, which is fixedly installed on the top of the slope plate 5 along the width direction of the slope plate 5 by means of multiple fixing bolts. A strip rod 612 is vertically welded to the upper surface of the installation strip 611. A wing plate 613 is welded to one side of the installation strip 611. The wing plate 613 is set parallel to the inclination direction of the slope plate 5. The lifting member 62 is hung on the strip rod 612. The lifting member 62 includes two lifting ropes 621, which are respectively hung on both ends of the strip rod 612. One end of the lifting rope 621 passes downward through the through hole opened in the wing plate 613 and extends to the bottom of the wing plate 613. The end of the lifting rope 621 located below the wing plate 613 is fixedly connected to the top two ends of the cleaning plate 63. The other end of the lifting rope 621 extends downward and is connected to the trigger member 64. A spring 622 is fitted onto the portion of the suspension rope 621 located between the wing plate 613 and the cleaning plate 63. The upper end of the spring 622 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the wing plate 613, and the lower end of the spring 622 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cleaning plate 63. The trigger 64 includes a first water storage box 641 and a second water storage box 643. Hanging plates 642 are rotatably connected to the outer walls on both sides of the first water storage box 641. The upper end of the hanging plate 642 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the suspension rope 621. The second water storage box 643 is welded to the opening of the first water storage box 641 near the edge. The opening of the second water storage box 643 faces upward, and the volume of the second water storage box 643 is smaller than the volume of the first water storage box 641.

[0037] A mounting plate 71 is welded to the side of the support plate 7 that contacts the roof surface. The mounting plate 71 is parallel to the roof base layer, and its upper surface has a continuous slope that slopes towards the drainage ditch of the parapet wall to guide rainwater falling on the mounting plate 71 into the drainage ditch of the parapet wall. Multiple mounting grooves 72 are formed along the length of one side of the mounting plate 71. Fixing bolts pass through the mounting grooves 72 to fix the mounting plate 71 to the roof surface. The mounting grooves 72 allow adjustment of the mounting position of the mounting plate 71 to accommodate different roof sizes. A connector 73 is installed on the side of the support plate 7 near the slope plate 5 to fix the support plate 7 to the slope plate 5. The connector 73 contains a rectangular block 731, which is fixed to the side wall of the support plate 7 by bolts. A cross groove 732 is formed on the rectangular block 731, with the longitudinal groove of the cross groove 732 opening towards the slope plate 5. A bolt 733 is inserted through the slope plate 5 at the position corresponding to the cross groove 732. The threaded part of the bolt 733 extends into the longitudinal groove of the cross groove 732. A second nut 734 is provided at the transverse groove of the cross groove 732. The second nut 734 is threadedly connected to the threaded part of the bolt 733. Tightening the bolt 733 will firmly connect the support plate 7 and the slope plate 5. A plug block 52 is welded to the side of the slope plate 5 near the support plate 7. A slot is opened on the rectangular block 731 at the position corresponding to the plug block 52. When the support plate 7 and the slope plate 5 are installed, the plug block 52 is first inserted into the slot for initial positioning, and then the bolt 733 is inserted and the second nut 734 is tightened to complete the fixed connection.

[0038] The reinforcing component 8 includes a truss 81, which is horizontally positioned. Both ends of the truss 81 are bolted to the inner walls of two symmetrical support plates 7. Two mounting seats 82 (number one) are symmetrically mounted on the upper surface of the truss 81. Mounting seats 83 (number two) are mounted on the lower surfaces of the two symmetrical slope plates 7, corresponding to the positions of the mounting seats 82. A support arm 84 connects the mounting seats 82 and their corresponding mounting seats 83, with both ends of the support arm 84 hinged to the mounting seats 82 and 83 respectively. The support arm 84 is inclined, forming a stable triangular support structure together with the truss 81 and the slope plates 7.

[0039] A first inlay groove 11 is formed along the length of both side walls of the frame 1, and a second inlay groove 51 is formed along the length of the upper surface of the slope slab 5. A slot 111 is formed on the inner walls of both sides of the first and second inlay grooves 111, used to engage the edge strip 4. When laying the waterproof membrane, first insert one end of the first section of waterproof membrane into the first inlay groove 11, then lay the waterproof membrane flat on the surface of the frame 1, and insert the other end of the waterproof membrane into the second inlay groove 51; then insert one end of the second section of waterproof membrane into the second inlay groove 51, overlapping the end of the first section of waterproof membrane, then lay the second section of waterproof membrane flat on the surface of the slope slab 5, and insert the other end of the second section of waterproof membrane into the reserved inlay groove of the parapet wall. Simultaneously, multiple spring clips 9 are pressed into the first mounting groove 11 and the second mounting groove 51 in sequence. The spring clips 9 are made of wavy spring steel, and their elasticity tightly presses the waterproof membrane against the bottom of the mounting groove, preventing the waterproof membrane from loosening. Edge strips 4 are then fastened at the openings of the first mounting groove 11 and the second mounting groove 51, with the clips 41 on both sides of the edge strip 4 engaging the clips 111 on both sides of the mounting groove. Multiple fastening nails 42 are then used to sequentially penetrate the edge strip 4, the waterproof membrane, and the bottom of the mounting groove, firmly attaching the edge strip 4 to the openings of the first mounting groove 11 and the second mounting groove 51. Sealant is evenly applied to the joints between the edge strip 4 and the mounting groove, and to the nail heads of the fastening nails 42. After the sealant has cured, two coats of waterproof coating are applied to the entire surface of the waterproof membrane to form a secondary waterproof layer, combining the entire prefabricated waterproof structure with the original roof waterproofing to form a multi-layered gradient waterproofing system.

[0040] Working principle: During use, rainwater first falls on the topmost tile 3. Most of the rainwater flows down the curved surface of the tile 3, flows through the overlapping joint of adjacent tiles 3 to the surface of the slope slab 5, and then flows along the slope direction of the slope slab 5 to the support plate 7 and the mounting plate 71, finally flowing into the drainage ditch at the edge of the parapet wall and being discharged from the roof through the drainage pipe, thus achieving the first layer of physical water blocking. When it is necessary to install or replace the tile 3, rotate the actuating wheel 22 on the outside of the frame 1. The actuating wheel 22 drives the screw 21 to rotate. Since the threads at both ends of the screw 21 turn in opposite directions, the rotation will drive the threaded sleeves 23 at both ends to move in opposite directions at the same time, thereby adjusting the distance between the two limiting parts 25, so that the arc-shaped buckle 252 can be accurately aligned with the overlapping part of the two adjacent tiles 3. After adjustment, tighten the two No. 1 nuts 24 on the threaded sleeve 23 to firmly fix the strip plate 251 onto the threaded sleeve 23. At this time, the upper and lower ends of the arc-shaped buckle 252 clamp the upper and lower surfaces of the tile 3 respectively, achieving stable fixation of the tile 3 and preventing the tile 3 from being lifted by strong winds. Rainwater falling on the arc-shaped buckle 252 will flow along the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle 252 to the guide block 253. The arc surface of the guide block 253 guides the rainwater to the surface of the slope plate 5, preventing rainwater from seeping into the interior of the frame 1 through the gap between the arc-shaped buckle 252 and the tile 3, thus protecting the steel of the frame 1 from corrosion.

[0041] When fallen leaves, dust, and other debris accumulate on the surface of slope 5, the cleaning component 6 will automatically trigger a cleaning action under the action of rainwater. When it rains, rainwater first falls into the first water storage box 641. As the water volume in the first water storage box 641 gradually increases, the weight of the first water storage box 641 continuously increases. This causes the hanging rope 621 to slide on the strip rod 612 through the hanging plate 642. The hanging rope 621 drives the cleaning plate 63 to move upward along slope 5, while the spring 622 on the hanging rope 621 is compressed and stores energy. When the first water storage box 641 is full, the excess rainwater will flow into the second water storage box 643. Since the second water storage box 643 is installed on one side of the opening of the first water storage box 641, the center of gravity of the first water storage box 641 will gradually shift to that side. When the second water storage box 643 is full, the center of gravity of the first water storage box 641 shifts to one side of the rotating shaft, triggering the first water storage box 641 to tip over around the rotating shaft of the hanging plate 642, causing all the water in the first and second water storage boxes 641 to pour out. At this time, the weight of the first water storage box 641 is greatly reduced, and the spring 622 releases the stored elastic potential energy, pushing the cleaning plate 63 to slide quickly down the slope 5. The protrusions 631 on the cleaning plate 63 scrape off fallen leaves and impurities from the surface of the slope 5 and push them to the lower end of the slope 5, where they flow into the drainage ditch with the rainwater. After tipping over, the first water storage box 641 will automatically reset under the action of gravity and start storing rainwater again. This cycle repeats continuously, achieving continuous automatic cleaning of the surface of the slope 5 and ensuring smooth drainage of the slope 5.

[0042] The reinforcing component 8 connects two symmetrical support plates 7 into a whole through a truss 81, and simultaneously connects the truss 81 to the slope plate 5 through an inclined support arm 84, forming multiple stable triangular support structures. In strong winds, the lateral thrust generated by the wind acting on the tiles 3 and slope plate 5 is transmitted to the truss 81 through the support arm 84, and then evenly distributed to the two support plates 7 by the truss 81, ultimately reaching the roof base layer, effectively resisting wind forces and preventing structural deformation. During long-term use, the reinforcing component 8 can counteract the deformation forces caused by the structure's own weight and temperature changes, preventing the slope plate 5 and support plates 7 from loosening or shifting, thus improving the stability and service life of the entire waterproof structure.

[0043] In this waterproofing system, the roof tiles (3) serve as the first waterproofing layer, preventing most rainwater from directly contacting the roof surface. The waterproof membrane acts as the second waterproofing layer, forming a continuous waterproof barrier to prevent rainwater from seeping into the roof substrate. Sealant and waterproof coating form the third waterproofing layer, filling all gaps and joints to further enhance the waterproofing effect. The waterproof membrane is segmented and secured using the No. 1 and No. 2 mounting grooves (51), with spring clips (9) ensuring a tight fit between the membrane and the bottom of the grooves, preventing hollow areas and loosening. Edge strips (4) and fastening nails (42) further secure the edges of the waterproof membrane, preventing it from warping or falling off over time. The sealant effectively seals the gaps between the edge strips and the mounting grooves, as well as the nail holes, preventing rainwater from seeping in through these weak points. This multi-layered, tiered waterproofing design works together to form a complete waterproofing system, significantly improving the roof's waterproofing performance and durability.

Claims

1. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure, comprising a frame (1), a slope slab (5), and a support plate (7), characterized in that: The top of the frame (1) is covered with tiles (3), and the frame (1) is equipped with a limiting component (2) for limiting and fixing the tiles (3). The bottom two sides of the frame (1) are symmetrically connected with slope plates (5). A support plate (7) is installed on the side of the slope plate (5) away from the frame (1). The outer surfaces of the frame (1), slope plate (5) and support plate (7) are covered with waterproof membrane and extend to the parapet wall. When renovating the waterproofing of the roof, the embedded parts connected to the support frame are installed in advance, and the rainwater falls on the tiles (3) and flows down the arc. On the slope plate (5), and along the slope plate (5) and the support plate (7), it flows to the edge of the parapet wall drainage ditch, and drains through the drainage pipe to achieve waterproofing. The support frame is fixed to the embedded parts of the roof. The slope plate (5) is equipped with a cleaning component (6) to clean the fallen leaves or impurities on the slope plate (5) to reduce the drainage problem of the slope plate (5) when it rains. The two symmetrical support plates (7) and the two symmetrical slope plates (5) are equipped with a reinforcing component (8) to increase the connection between the two to resist the deformation force generated by wind and long-term use.

2. The multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting component (2) is provided with a screw (21), and a turn wheel (22) is installed on the screw (21) for the operator to rotate and drive the screw (21) to rotate. Threaded sleeves (23) are threaded on the outer circumferential surfaces of both ends of the screw (21). The threaded sleeves (23) pass through the assembly hole (12) opened on the skeleton (1) and extend to the outside. The threaded sleeves (23) are provided with an annular groove for the installation of the limiting component (25) and the limiting component (25) is fixed by means of a nut (24). The two limiting components (25) are used to snap the overlapping part of the two overlapping tiles (3) together.

3. The multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting member (25) includes a strip plate (251), which is located in the annular groove and fixed by means of a nut (24). An arc buckle (252) is installed on the strip plate (251) to hold the tile (3).

4. The multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The arc-shaped buckle (252) is C-shaped. The two ends of the arc-shaped buckle (252) are fastened to the upper and lower sides of the tile (3). A guide block (253) is provided at the arc-shaped part of the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle (252). The surface of the guide block (253) is rounded and the connection with the outer surface of the arc-shaped buckle (252) is polished. When rainwater falls on the tile (3), some of the rainwater flows along the arc-shaped buckle (252) to the guide block (253) and is guided by the rounded surface of the guide block (253) to the slope plate (5). It will not flow inward into the frame (1) and cause the frame (1) to rust.

5. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cleaning component (6) is provided with a fitting (61), a lifting member (62), a cleaning plate (63), and a trigger member (64). The fitting (61) is installed on the slope plate (5). The lifting member (62) is installed on the fitting (61). The two ends of the lifting member (62) are respectively connected to the cleaning plate (63) and the trigger member (64). When the trigger member (64) reaches the trigger condition, it drives the cleaning plate (63) to slide on the slope plate (5) with the help of the lifting member (62) and cleans the fallen leaves and impurities on the slope plate (5). The side of the cleaning plate (63) that contacts the slope plate (5) is provided with a protrusion (631) to prevent the fallen leaves from sticking to the cleaning plate (63).

6. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The assembly (61) includes an installation strip (611) which is mounted on the slope plate (5) by means of a fixing bolt. A strip rod (612) is mounted on the installation strip (611). A wing plate (613) is mounted on one side of the installation strip (611). The lifting member (62) is attached to the strip rod (612).

7. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting member (62) contains two lifting ropes (621), which are attached to the bar (612). One end of the lifting rope (621) passes through the wing plate (613) and extends to the outside of the wing plate (613). The end of the lifting rope (621) located outside the wing plate (613) is connected to the cleaning plate (63), and the other end of the lifting rope (621) is connected to the trigger (64).

8. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The trigger (64) includes a first water storage box (641) and a second water storage box (643). Both sides of the first water storage box (641) are rotatably connected to a hanging plate (642). The hanging plate (642) is connected to the other end of the hanging rope (621). The second water storage box (643) is installed at the opening of the first water storage box (641).

9. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support plate (7) has an installation plate (71) installed on the side that contacts the ground. The installation plate (71) has a slope to guide rainwater into the drainage ditch of the parapet wall. The installation plate (71) has an installation groove (72) on one side for fixing to the ground of the roof with fixing bolts. The support plate (7) has a connector (73) installed on it to connect with the slope plate (5). The connector (73) contains a rectangular block (731). The rectangular block (731) has a cross groove (732). The slope plate (5) has a bolt (733) inserted through it and extending to the cross groove (732). A second nut (734) is provided at the transverse groove of the cross groove (732) and threadedly connected to the bolt (733). In this way, the support plate (7) and the slope plate (5) can be connected. The slope plate (5) has a plug (52) installed on it. The rectangular block (731) has a slot.

10. A multi-layer gradient building roof waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frame (1) is an H-beam. A first inlay groove (11) is provided on both sides of the frame (1). A second inlay groove (51) is provided on the slope plate (5). A slot (111) is provided on both the first inlay groove (11) and the second inlay groove (51) for engaging the edge strip (4).

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