An angle-adjustable concrete formwork system and its adjustment method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of formwork technology in building construction, and particularly to an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system and its adjustment method. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system includes concave steel formwork and convex steel formwork: the concave steel formwork generates an outward pushing force by installing telescopic support components between the longitudinal ribs, causing the first V-shaped guide groove on the transverse ribs to open, driving the panel to form a concave arc surface; the convex steel formwork generates an inward tightening force by installing tie-locking components between the longitudinal ribs, causing the second V-shaped guide groove on the transverse ribs to close, driving the panel to form a convex arc surface. This invention achieves stepless adjustment of the formwork curvature through simple mechanical push-pull adjustment, flexibly adapting to irregularly shaped walls of different radii, significantly reducing project costs and improving construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of formwork technology in building construction, and in particular to an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system and its adjustment method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern large-scale landscape projects, water parks, and public facilities with unique architectural styles, designers often employ numerous irregularly shaped wall designs to achieve both visual appeal and functional requirements. These walls are no longer the traditional horizontal and vertical structures, but rather present complex forms with winding lines, varying radii, and alternating concave and convex shapes.

[0003] Traditional cast-in-place concrete formwork techniques face significant challenges when dealing with irregularly shaped walls. Currently, two main methods are employed: First, on-site cutting and splicing of plywood. While this method offers high flexibility, it requires a large number of skilled carpenters for on-site layout and cutting, resulting in high labor costs, low turnover of wooden formwork, and significant material waste. Furthermore, when pouring walls with significant curvature variations, insufficient rigidity of the wooden formwork can easily lead to formwork bulging or poor concrete surface flatness, failing to meet the requirements of fair-faced concrete or high-standard finishes. Second, custom-made irregularly shaped steel formwork. For walls with fixed curvature, standard steel formwork provides good forming results, but its versatility is extremely poor. Once the wall curve changes (e.g., from concave to convex, or a change in the radius of curvature), the original formwork becomes ineffective, requiring custom-made formwork. For projects with complex and varied lines, this leads to a large number of formwork types, chaotic management, and a significant increase in project costs and time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the inconvenience of adjusting the angle of existing formwork systems and to provide an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system and its adjustment method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, comprising a plurality of concave steel formworks and a plurality of convex steel formworks; The concave steel template includes a first template body piece. The top and bottom of the back of the first template body piece are provided with first transverse ribs, and the two sides of the back of the first template body piece are provided with first longitudinal ribs. The first transverse ribs are provided with first V-shaped guide grooves, which are constructed as weak parts of the deformation of the first transverse ribs. At least one set of telescopic support components is installed between the first longitudinal ribs. The telescopic support components can generate an outward pushing force to push the first longitudinal ribs on both sides away from each other, so that the first V-shaped guide grooves open, thereby driving the working surface of the first template body piece to form a concave arc surface. The convex steel template includes a second template body piece. The top and bottom of the back of the second template body piece are provided with second transverse ribs, and the two sides of the back of the second template body piece are provided with second longitudinal ribs. The second transverse ribs are provided with second V-shaped guide grooves, which are constructed as weak parts for the deformation of the second transverse ribs. At least one set of pull-locking components is installed between the second longitudinal ribs. The pull-locking components can generate tension force, pull the second longitudinal ribs on both sides closer together, so that the second V-shaped guide grooves close, thereby driving the working surface of the second template body piece to form an outward convex arc surface.

[0006] The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system provided by the present invention creates a V-shaped guide groove on the transverse ribs on the back of the steel formwork, which artificially sets a weak point for deformation. When subjected to adjustment force, the stress will be concentrated at the remaining thickness at the bottom of the V-shaped groove, so that the high-rigidity steel formwork can undergo smooth and controllable elastic bending along the preset position, thus solving the problem that traditional concrete formwork cannot flexibly adapt to construction with variable curvature. For concave steel formwork, a telescopic support assembly is used to generate a jacking force. Since the concave deformation needs to overcome the resistance of the opening of the first V-shaped guide groove, the jacking structure provides strong support, which not only opens the V-shaped groove but also effectively resists the inward lateral pressure during concrete pouring, preventing formwork deformation. For convex steel formwork, a tie-lock assembly is used to generate tension. The convex deformation is achieved by closing the back space, and the tensioning structure can pull the longitudinal ribs on both sides closer together, forcing the second V-shaped guide groove to gradually close.

[0007] The template system of this invention is made of steel, which has a high modulus of elasticity and yield strength. During repeated adjustments of the curvature, the deformation at the bottom of the steel V-shaped groove remains within the elastic range, making it less prone to fatigue fracture or creep like plastic materials. It can be recycled and reused after use, saving construction costs. This system allows for stepless adjustment of the opening angle or closing degree of the V-shaped guide groove by adjusting the elongation of the telescopic support components or the locking distance of the tie-lock components, thus adapting to arc walls of different radii (including inner and outer arcs). This changes the traditional "one arc, one template" customization situation in construction, significantly reducing the types and quantities of irregularly shaped templates needed, significantly lowering project costs, facilitating adjustment, and improving construction efficiency. Because the deformation is distributed by the V-shaped guide grooves on the transverse ribs, the working surface of the template body can form a relatively continuous and smooth arc surface, ensuring a smooth, clean surface finish after concrete pouring.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic support assembly includes: an adjusting sleeve and two first screws; the outer ends of the two first screws are respectively hinged to the first longitudinal ribs on both sides, and the inner ends of the two first screws are respectively threaded to both ends of the adjusting sleeve; the internal threads at both ends of the adjusting sleeve have opposite directions of rotation, configured so that when the adjusting sleeve is rotated, the two first screws are driven to extend outward or retract inward synchronously.

[0009] By setting the internal threads at both ends of the adjusting sleeve to rotate in opposite directions, and in conjunction with the two first screws, a bidirectional synchronous spiral telescopic structure is formed. Its advantages are as follows: First, it achieves synchronous movement of the longitudinal ribs on both sides. Rotating the sleeve drives the screws on both sides to extend and retract at the same speed, ensuring uniform force on both sides of the first V-shaped guide groove. This allows the template body to bend along the preset position, avoiding template distortion or uneven force that may result from unilateral adjustment. Second, utilizing the mechanical force amplification principle of the spiral drive, the rotational torque is converted into a powerful axial thrust, easily overcoming the high rigidity resistance of the steel template and achieving labor-saving adjustment. Third, the threaded connection provides stepless adjustment capability, allowing for continuous and precise fine-tuning of the template curvature to adapt to design requirements with arbitrary radii of curvature.

[0010] Preferably, the pull-locking assembly includes a second screw and a locking nut; one end of the second screw is hinged to the second longitudinal rib on one side, and the other end moves through the second longitudinal rib on the other side and extends out; the locking nut is threaded to the extended end of the second screw, and by tightening the locking nut, the second longitudinal ribs on both sides are pulled closer to each other.

[0011] By setting a pull-out structure with one end of the second screw hinged and the other end through a hole and a locking nut, the structure is simple, has a high fault tolerance, and can complete tightening and locking with a single-sided operation, adapting to complex construction site environments and improving construction efficiency.

[0012] Preferably, the through hole on the second longitudinal rib through which the second screw passes is a strip-shaped hole; the strip-shaped hole is configured to provide clearance space for the swinging of the second screw during the deformation process of the second V-shaped induction groove.

[0013] This design fully considers the kinematic geometry of the template during bending. During the outward convex deformation, the longitudinal ribs on both sides rotate relative to each other as the V-groove closes, causing the second screw to swing. The design of the strip hole provides the necessary clearance space for the displacement of the second screw, effectively eliminating mechanical interference (jamming) between the screw and the longitudinal ribs, preventing the screw from deforming and being damaged due to shear force or bending moment, and ensuring a smooth and labor-saving adjustment process.

[0014] Preferably, the concave steel template and / or the convex steel template further include stiffening plates; The stiffening plate is disposed on the first transverse rib and located on both sides or one side of the first V-shaped guide groove; the stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the back of the first template body piece and the side wall of the first transverse rib. And / or the stiffening plate is disposed on the second transverse rib and located on both sides or one side of the second V-shaped guide groove; the stiffening plate is fixedly connected between the back of the second template body piece and the side wall of the second transverse rib.

[0015] By setting stiffening plates on both sides or one side of the V-shaped guide groove to connect the back of the template with the side wall of the transverse rib, the loss of local section modulus caused by the opening of the V-shaped groove is compensated, preventing the transverse rib from buckling or becoming unstable at the opening, thus ensuring the load-bearing capacity of the overall frame. By strengthening the rigidity of the groove side structure, the adjustment stress is forcibly concentrated on the V-shaped guide groove, which is a weak point in deformation, ensuring that the template bends along the predetermined trajectory and avoiding irregular wave deformation of the panel.

[0016] Preferably, the adjusting sleeve has a radially penetrating force-applying hole, which is configured to allow the insertion of a rod-shaped tool.

[0017] By opening a force-applying hole in the middle of the adjusting sleeve for inserting rod-shaped tools (such as steel bars or pry bars), the inserted rod-shaped tools act as long lever arms, greatly amplifying the rotational torque. This allows operators to easily overcome the high resistance of steel template deformation and thread friction, achieving labor-saving adjustment.

[0018] Preferably, the remaining thickness of the first transverse rib at the bottom of the first V-shaped guide groove and the remaining thickness of the second transverse rib at the bottom of the second V-shaped guide groove are both defined as T1; the width of the first transverse rib and the width of the second transverse rib are both defined as T2; the ratio of T1 to T2 is 1:4 to 1:3.

[0019] Through multiple field tests, the ratio of the remaining thickness T1 of the transverse rib at the bottom of the V-shaped guide groove to the width T2 of the transverse rib itself was limited to 1:4 to 1:3. This ratio range takes into account both the ease of adjustment and structural strength. On the one hand, it allows the concave steel formwork and the convex steel formwork to be easily adjusted. On the other hand, this thickness ratio ensures that the deformation of the steel is within a safe elastic range during repeated adjustments, avoiding root cracks or fatigue fractures caused by excessive stress concentration, and increasing the number of times the formwork can be reused.

[0020] Preferably, the initial opening angle of the first V-shaped guide groove and the second V-shaped guide groove is 30 degrees to 60 degrees; the first V-shaped guide groove and the second V-shaped guide groove are both configured to allow the corresponding template body piece to produce a bending deformation of ±15 degrees.

[0021] The initial opening angle of the V-shaped guide groove is set to 30 to 60 degrees, and the maximum bending deformation is limited to ±15 degrees. On the one hand, this ensures the adjustment stroke, especially for deformation conditions that require the V-shaped groove to close. The initial opening of 30 to 60 degrees provides sufficient closing space, effectively eliminating mechanical interference caused by premature contact of the groove sidewalls, and ensuring that the template can smoothly reach the preset bending angle. On the other hand, it takes into account the practicality of the project. The ±15-degree deflection angle of a single panel is sufficient to adapt to the curvature radius requirements of most irregular walls in building projects through multi-panel splicing, improving the versatility of construction while ensuring that the structural strength is not excessively weakened.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for adjusting an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, for adjusting the aforementioned angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the design outline of the irregular wall to be poured, determine the radius of curvature and bending direction of each section of the wall; arrange several convex steel templates in the concave section of the wall outline and several concave steel templates in the convex section of the wall outline. S2. For the concave steel template, adjust the telescopic support components installed on it to generate a pushing force to open the first V-shaped guide groove until the curvature of the working surface of the first template body piece matches the design curvature of the section. For the protruding steel template, adjust the installed tie-locking components to generate tension force so that the second V-shaped guide groove closes until the curvature of the working surface of the second template body piece matches the design curvature of the section. S3. Connect the concave and convex steel templates with the adjusted angles, and lock the connectors between the templates to form a continuous and smooth concrete pouring cavity.

[0023] The adjustable concrete formwork system adjustment method provided by this invention can pre-adjust the curvature of the formwork on the ground to fit the design value, ensuring tight joints between adjacent formwork and natural curvature transition, forming a continuous and smooth pouring cavity, significantly improving the appearance quality of concrete forming and reducing later repairs; the combined use of concave steel formwork and convex steel formwork facilitates fine-tuning and verification of the formwork curvature, improving on-site error tolerance and construction efficiency, and significantly reducing the overall construction cost of irregular walls.

[0024] Preferably, in S3, when connecting the inflection point area of ​​the concave steel template and the convex steel template, the pushing stroke of the telescopic support component and / or the locking stroke of the pull-locking component are finely adjusted so that the concave steel template and the adjacent convex steel template remain tangentially collinear at the connection point.

[0025] By finely adjusting the pushing stroke of the telescopic support component and the locking stroke of the counter-locking component in the connecting inflection point area, a flexible "push-pull" balance adjustment mechanism is constructed. This mechanism can effectively compensate for minor deviations during the processing or installation of steel formwork, ensuring that the concave steel formwork and the convex steel formwork are tangentially collinear at the joint. This reduces the common misalignment, bends, and sharp edges at the splicing of irregular curved formwork, ensuring the smoothness and geometric continuity of the concrete structure surface line and improving the appearance quality of the concrete. At the same time, the tangentially collinear close fit can reduce the risk of grout leakage at the joint.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system. By opening a V-shaped guide groove on the transverse ribs on the back of the steel formwork, a weak point for deformation is artificially set. When subjected to adjustment force, the stress will be concentrated at the remaining thickness at the bottom of the V-shaped groove, so that the high-rigidity steel formwork can undergo smooth and controllable elastic bending along the preset position, solving the problem that traditional concrete formwork cannot flexibly adapt to construction with variable curvature. 2. This invention provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system. For concave steel formwork, a telescopic support assembly generates a jacking force. Since the concave deformation needs to overcome the resistance of the opening of the first V-shaped guide groove, the jacking structure provides strong support, which not only opens the V-shaped groove but also effectively resists the inward lateral pressure during concrete pouring, preventing formwork deformation. For convex steel formwork, a tie-locking assembly generates a tensioning force. The convex deformation is achieved by closing the back space. The tensioning structure can pull the longitudinal ribs on both sides closer together, forcing the second V-shaped guide groove to gradually close. 3. This invention provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system. During repeated adjustment of the curvature, the deformation of the bottom of the steel V-groove is within the elastic range, making it less prone to fatigue fracture or creep like plastic materials. After use, it can be recycled and reused, saving construction costs. 4. This invention provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system. By adjusting the elongation of the telescopic support components or the locking distance of the tie-lock components, the opening angle or closing degree of the V-shaped guide groove can be infinitely adjusted, thereby adapting to arc walls of different radii (including inner and outer arcs). This changes the traditional "one arc, one formwork" customization situation in construction, significantly reduces the types and quantities of materials for irregular-shaped formwork, significantly reduces project costs, is easy to adjust, and improves construction efficiency. Since the deformation is shared by the V-shaped guide groove on the transverse ribs, the working surface of the formwork body can form a relatively continuous and smooth arc surface, ensuring the fair-faced surface effect after concrete pouring. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top view of the concave steel formwork; Figure 2for Figure 1 Sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 3 This is a top view of the convex steel formwork. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along the BB direction; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the concave state of the concave steel formwork; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the convex steel formwork in its convex state. Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of the first V-shaped induction groove; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a strip hole.

[0028] Marked in the image: 1-Concave steel template, 11-First template body piece, 12-First transverse rib, 13-First longitudinal rib, 131-First hinge seat, 132-First pin, 14-First screw, 15-Adjusting sleeve, 150-Force application hole, 2-Convex steel template, 21-Second template body piece, 22-Second transverse rib, 23-Second longitudinal rib, 230-Strip hole, 231-Second hinge seat, 232-Second pin, 24-Second screw, 25-Locking nut, 26-Washer, 3-Stiffening plate, 100-First V-shaped guide groove, 200-Second V-shaped guide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0033] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine, and can even exceed nine.

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0035] Example 1 like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment provides an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, including several concave steel formworks 1 and several convex steel formworks 2. In use, the concave steel formworks 1 and convex steel formworks 2 can be spliced ​​or combined in a specific sequence along the extension direction of the wall according to the design outline of the irregular wall to be poured, thereby fitting an S-shaped, arc-shaped or other irregular curved wall shape.

[0036] Specifically, the concave steel formwork 1 includes a first formwork main body piece 11, which can be made of Q235 carbon structural steel plate. For example... Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the top and bottom of the back of the first template body piece 11 are provided with first transverse ribs 12, and the two sides of the back of the first template body piece 11 are provided with first longitudinal ribs 13. The first transverse rib 12 has a first V-shaped guide groove 100. The specific position of the first V-shaped guide groove 100 can be close to the middle area of ​​the first transverse rib 12 along its length direction. The opening of the first V-shaped guide groove 100 faces the side away from the first template body piece 11. The first V-shaped guide groove 100 is constructed as a weak part of the deformation of the first transverse rib 12.

[0037] At least one set of telescopic support components is installed between the first longitudinal ribs 13. The telescopic support components can generate an outward pushing force, pushing the first longitudinal ribs 13 on both sides away from each other. Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, this causes the first V-shaped guide groove 100 to open (e.g., from...). Figure 5 (∠α1 in the middle opens to ∠α2), thereby driving the working surface of the first template body piece 11 to form an inwardly concave arc surface.

[0038] Specifically, the protruding steel formwork 2 includes the second formwork main body piece 21, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the top and bottom of the back of the second template body piece 21 are provided with second transverse ribs 22, and the two sides of the back of the second template body piece 21 are provided with second longitudinal ribs 23. The second transverse ribs 22 have second V-shaped guide grooves 200. The specific position of the second V-shaped guide grooves 200 can be close to the middle area of ​​the second transverse ribs 22 along their length direction. The opening of the second V-shaped guide grooves 200 faces the side away from the second template body piece 21. The second V-shaped guide grooves 200 are constructed as the weak part of the deformation of the second transverse ribs 22.

[0039] At least one set of counter-locking components is installed between the second longitudinal ribs 23. These counter-locking components generate a tension force, pulling the second longitudinal ribs 23 on both sides closer together. Figure 4 , Figure 6 As shown, this causes the second V-shaped guide groove 200 to retract (e.g., from...). Figure 6 (∠β1 in the middle converges to ∠β2), thereby driving the working surface of the second template body piece 21 to form an outward convex arc surface.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the concave steel formwork 1 and / or the convex steel formwork 2 also include stiffening plates 3 ( Figures 1-4 This shows a case where both the concave steel formwork 1 and the convex steel formwork 2 are equipped with stiffening plates 3.

[0041] Specifically, for the concave steel template 1, stiffening plates 3 are disposed on the first transverse rib 12. One end of the stiffening plate 3 is welded and fixed to the back of the first template body piece 11, and the other end is welded and fixed between the side walls of the first transverse rib 12, forming a triangular support structure. Regarding the specific arrangement of the stiffening plate 3, it can be located on both sides or at least one side of the first V-shaped guide groove 100. In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 In the case shown, the stiffening plate 3 is only provided on one side of the first V-shaped guide groove 100.

[0042] Similarly, for the protruding steel formwork 2, the stiffening plate 3 is set on the second transverse rib 22 and fixedly connected between the back of the second formwork body 21 and the side wall of the second transverse rib 22. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the stiffening plate 3 is preferably disposed on one side of the second V-shaped guide groove 200. Of course, in other embodiments with higher stress requirements, the stiffening plate 3 can also be symmetrically disposed on both sides of the second V-shaped guide groove 200.

[0043] By setting stiffening plates 3 on both sides or one side of the V-shaped guide groove to connect the back of the template with the side wall of the transverse rib, the loss of local section modulus caused by the opening of the V-shaped groove is compensated, preventing the transverse rib from buckling or becoming unstable at the opening, thus ensuring the load-bearing capacity of the overall frame. By strengthening the rigidity of the groove side structure, the adjustment stress is forced to be concentrated on the V-shaped guide groove, which is a weak point in deformation, ensuring that the template bends along the predetermined trajectory and avoiding irregular wave deformation of the panel.

[0044] Furthermore, with Figure 7 The first V-shaped guide groove 100 shown is used as an example for explanation. The remaining thickness of the first horizontal rib 12 at the bottom of the first V-shaped guide groove 100 and the remaining thickness of the second horizontal rib 22 at the bottom of the second V-shaped guide groove 200 are both defined as T1; the width of the first horizontal rib 12 and the width of the second horizontal rib 22 are both defined as T2; the ratio of T1 to T2 is 1:4 to 1:3. Through multiple field tests, the ratio of the remaining thickness T1 of the horizontal rib at the bottom of the V-shaped guide groove to the width T2 of the horizontal rib is limited to 1:4 to 1:3. This ratio range takes into account both the ease of adjustment and structural strength. On the one hand, it allows the concave steel template 1 and the convex steel template 2 to be easily adjusted. On the other hand, this thickness ratio ensures that the deformation of the steel during repeated adjustments is within a safe elastic range, avoiding root cracks or fatigue fractures caused by excessive stress concentration, and increasing the number of times the template can be reused.

[0045] Furthermore, continue with Figure 7The first V-shaped guide groove 100 shown is used as an example for explanation. In this embodiment, the initial opening angle of the first V-shaped guide groove 100 is defined as ∠α1, and the initial opening angle of the second V-shaped guide groove 200 is defined as ∠β1. Both ∠α1 and ∠β1 are set to 30 degrees to 60 degrees, preferably 30 degrees to 40 degrees. Both the first V-shaped guide groove 100 and the second V-shaped guide groove 200 are configured to allow the corresponding template body to undergo bending deformation of at least ±15 degrees relative to a flat state, thereby meeting the construction requirements of irregularly shaped walls with different radii of curvature.

[0046] The initial opening angle of the V-shaped guide groove is set to 30 to 60 degrees, and the maximum bending deformation is limited to ±15 degrees. On the one hand, this ensures the adjustment stroke, especially for deformation conditions that require the V-shaped groove to close. The initial opening of 30 to 60 degrees provides sufficient closing space, effectively eliminating mechanical interference caused by premature contact of the groove sidewalls, and ensuring that the template can smoothly reach the preset bending angle. On the other hand, it takes into account the practicality of the project. The ±15-degree deflection angle of a single panel is sufficient to adapt to the curvature radius requirements of most irregular walls in building projects through multi-panel splicing, improving the versatility of construction while ensuring that the structural strength is not excessively weakened.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the telescopic support assembly includes: an adjusting sleeve 15 and two first screws 14; the outer ends of the two first screws 14 are respectively hinged to the first longitudinal ribs 13 on both sides to adapt to angle changes during the telescopic process. Specifically, for example, a first hinge seat 131 can be welded and fixed to the inner side of the first longitudinal rib 13, and the outer ends of the first screws 14 are rotatably connected to the first hinge seat 131 through a first pin 132. The inner ends of the two first screws 14 are respectively threaded to both ends of the adjusting sleeve 15; the internal threads at both ends of the adjusting sleeve 15 have opposite directions of rotation (for example, one end is a left-hand thread and the other end is a right-hand thread), configured so that when the adjusting sleeve 15 is rotated, the two first screws 14 are driven to extend outward or retract inward simultaneously. It should be noted that the above telescopic support assembly is not limited to the above-described positive and negative thread sleeve structure, and can also be a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, or a scissor mechanism, etc.

[0048] By setting the internal threads at both ends of the adjusting sleeve 15 to opposite directions, and cooperating with the two first screws 14, a bidirectional synchronous spiral telescopic structure is formed. Its beneficial effects are: First, it achieves synchronous movement of the longitudinal ribs on both sides; rotating the sleeve drives the screws on both sides to extend and retract at the same speed, ensuring uniform force on both sides of the first V-shaped guide groove 100, allowing the template body to bend along the preset position, avoiding template distortion or uneven force that may result from unilateral adjustment; Second, utilizing the mechanical force amplification principle of the spiral drive, the rotational torque is converted into a powerful axial thrust, easily overcoming the high rigidity resistance of the steel template and achieving labor-saving adjustment; Third, the threaded connection provides stepless adjustment capability, allowing continuous and precise fine-tuning of the template curvature to adapt to design requirements of arbitrary curvature radii.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the adjusting sleeve 15 has a radially penetrating force-applying hole 150, which is configured to allow the insertion of a rod-shaped tool. This allows the construction worker to drive the adjusting sleeve 15 to rotate via leverage, thereby adjusting the extension and retraction of the screw. By opening the force-applying hole 150 in the middle of the adjusting sleeve 15 for inserting a rod-shaped tool, the inserted tool (such as a reinforcing bar or crowbar) acts as a long lever arm, greatly amplifying the rotational torque. This allows the operator to easily overcome the high resistance of the steel formwork deformation and the thread friction, achieving labor-saving adjustment.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, the pull-locking assembly includes a second screw 24 and a locking nut 25. One end of the second screw 24 is hinged to one side of the second longitudinal rib 23. Specifically, for example, a second hinge seat 231 can be welded and fixed to the inner side of the second longitudinal rib 23. One end of the second screw 24 is rotatably connected to the second hinge seat 231 via a second pin 232, and the other end extends through a pre-set through hole on the other side of the second longitudinal rib 23. The locking nut 25 is threaded to the extended end of the second screw 24. By tightening the locking nut 25, the two sides of the second longitudinal ribs 23 are pulled closer together, thereby causing the second V-shaped guide groove 200 to close. By setting a pull-locking structure with one end of the second screw 24 hinged and the other end through a hole and in conjunction with the locking nut 25, the structure is simple, has a high fault tolerance, and can complete tightening and locking with single-sided operation, adapting to complex construction site environments and improving construction efficiency.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 , Figure 8As shown, the through hole on the second longitudinal rib 23 through which the second screw 24 passes is a strip-shaped hole 230 (also called a waist-shaped hole). The strip-shaped hole 230 is configured to provide clearance space for the second screw 24 to swing during the deformation process of the second V-shaped guide groove 200. This design fully considers the kinematic geometry of the template during bending. During the outward convex deformation process, the longitudinal ribs on both sides will rotate relative to each other as the V-shaped groove closes, causing the second screw 24 to swing displacement. The design of the strip-shaped hole 230 provides the necessary clearance space for the displacement of the second screw 24, effectively eliminating mechanical interference (jamming) between the screw and the longitudinal rib, preventing the screw from being deformed and damaged due to shear force or bending moment, and ensuring a smooth and labor-saving adjustment process.

[0052] Furthermore, to ensure the stability of the connection, such as Figure 4 As detailed, at the position where the second screw 24 passes through the second longitudinal rib 23, locking nuts 25 and washers 26 are arranged on both its inner and outer sides. Specifically, the washers 26 are sleeved on the second screw 24, located between the inner wall of the second longitudinal rib 23 and the inner locking nut 25, and between the outer wall of the second longitudinal rib 23 and the outer locking nut 25; the locking nuts 25 are tightened and abut against the corresponding washers 26. Through this clamping structure of inner and outer double nuts and washers, on the one hand, the washers 26 increase the contact area, preventing excessive locking force from causing local pressure deformation of the rib plate; on the other hand, the tightening of the inner and outer nuts can accurately fix the effective working length of the second screw 24, preventing the formwork from deforming under concrete pressure.

[0053] The adjustable concrete formwork system provided in this embodiment artificially sets weak points for deformation by opening V-shaped guide grooves on the transverse ribs on the back of the steel formwork. When subjected to adjustment force, the stress will be concentrated at the remaining thickness at the bottom of the V-shaped groove, so that the high-rigidity steel formwork can undergo smooth and controllable elastic bending along the preset position, solving the problem that traditional concrete formwork cannot flexibly adapt to construction with variable curvature.

[0054] For the concave steel formwork 1, a telescopic support assembly is used to generate a jacking force. Since the concave deformation needs to overcome the resistance of the opening of the first V-shaped guide groove 100, the jacking structure can provide strong support, which can not only open the V-shaped groove, but also effectively resist the inward lateral pressure during concrete pouring and prevent the formwork from deforming. For the convex steel formwork 2, a tie-lock assembly is used to generate a tensioning force. The convex deformation is achieved by closing the back space. The tensioning structure can pull the longitudinal ribs on both sides closer together, forcing the second V-shaped guide groove 200 to gradually close.

[0055] The template system in this embodiment is made of steel, which has a high modulus of elasticity and yield strength. During repeated adjustments of the curvature, the deformation at the bottom of the steel V-shaped groove remains within the elastic range, making it less prone to fatigue fracture or creep like plastic materials. It can be recycled and reused after use, saving construction costs. This system allows for stepless adjustment of the opening angle or closing degree of the V-shaped guide groove by adjusting the elongation of the telescopic support components or the locking distance of the tie-lock components. This adapts to curved walls of different radii (including inner and outer arcs), changing the traditional "one arc, one template" customization situation in construction. It significantly reduces the types and quantities of irregularly shaped templates needed, substantially lowers project costs, and offers convenient adjustment, improving construction efficiency. Because the deformation is distributed by the V-shaped guide grooves on the transverse ribs, the working surface of the template body can form a relatively continuous and smooth arc surface, ensuring a smooth, clean surface finish after concrete pouring.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for adjusting an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, used to adjust the angle-adjustable concrete formwork system provided in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1. Based on the design outline of the irregular wall to be poured, the wall is geometrically decomposed to determine the radius of curvature and bending direction of the concrete surface in each section. For the convex sections of the wall outline (i.e., the concrete surface protrudes outward), several concave steel formwork 1 are arranged; for the concave sections of the wall outline (i.e., the concrete surface is recessed inward), several convex steel formwork 2 are arranged.

[0057] S2. For the concave steel template 1, adjust the telescopic support assembly installed on its back, rotate the adjusting sleeve 15 to drive the first screw 14 to push outward, forcing the first V-shaped guide groove 100 to open until the working surface curvature of the first template body piece 11 matches the design curvature of this section (which can be checked by the arc template). For the protruding steel template 2, adjust the pull-locking assembly installed on its back, tighten the locking nut 25 to pull the second screw 24 inward to retract, forcing the second V-shaped guide groove 200 to close until the curvature of the working surface of the second template body piece 21 matches the design curvature of the section.

[0058] S3. Connect the pre-adjusted concave steel formwork 1 and convex steel formwork 2 according to the arrangement sequence, and initially lock the connectors between each formwork. Subsequently, focus on fine-tuning the inflection point area (i.e., the inflection point) at the connection between the concave steel formwork 1 and the convex steel formwork 2: by fine-tuning the pushing stroke of the telescopic support component and / or the locking stroke of the tie-lock component, eliminate the angle error at the connection, so that the concave steel formwork 1 and the adjacent convex steel formwork 2 maintain tangential collinearity at the connection, forming a continuous, smooth and misaligned concrete pouring cavity.

[0059] The adjustable concrete formwork system adjustment method provided in this embodiment can pre-adjust the formwork curvature on the ground to fit the design value, ensuring tight joints between adjacent formwork and natural curvature transition, forming a continuous and smooth pouring cavity, significantly improving the appearance quality of the concrete and reducing later repairs. The combined use of the concave steel formwork 1 and the convex steel formwork 2 facilitates fine-tuning and verification of the formwork curvature, improving on-site error tolerance and construction efficiency, and significantly reducing the overall construction cost of irregular walls. By finely adjusting the pushing stroke of the telescopic support component and the locking stroke of the tie-lock component in the connection inflection point area, a flexible "push-pull" balance adjustment mechanism is constructed, which can effectively compensate for minor deviations in the processing or installation of steel formwork, so that the concave steel formwork 1 and the convex steel formwork 2 are tangentially collinear at the joint, reducing the common misalignment, folds, and edge marks at the joints of irregular curved formwork, ensuring the smoothness and geometric continuity of the concrete structure surface line, improving the appearance quality of the concrete, and the tight fit of the tangentially collinearity can reduce the risk of grout leakage at the joint.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An angle adjustable concrete formwork system, characterized in that, It includes several concave steel templates (1) and several convex steel templates (2); The concave steel template (1) includes a first template body piece (11). The top and bottom of the back of the first template body piece (11) are provided with first transverse ribs (12), and the two sides of the back of the first template body piece (11) are provided with first longitudinal ribs (13). The first transverse ribs (12) are provided with first V-shaped guide grooves (100). The first V-shaped guide grooves (100) are constructed as weak parts of the deformation of the first transverse ribs (12). At least one set of telescopic support components is installed between the first longitudinal ribs (13). The telescopic support components can generate an outward pushing force to push the first longitudinal ribs (13) on both sides away from each other, so that the first V-shaped guide grooves (100) open, thereby driving the working surface of the first template body piece (11) to form a concave arc surface. The convex steel template (2) includes a second template body piece (21). The top and bottom of the back of the second template body piece (21) are provided with second transverse ribs (22), and the two sides of the back of the second template body piece (21) are provided with second longitudinal ribs (23). The second transverse rib (22) has a second V-shaped guide groove (200). The second V-shaped guide groove (200) is constructed as a weak part of the deformation of the second transverse rib (22). At least one set of pull-locking components is installed between the second longitudinal ribs (23). The pull-locking components can generate tension force, pull the second longitudinal ribs (23) on both sides to move closer together, so that the second V-shaped guide groove (200) closes, thereby driving the working surface of the second template body piece (21) to form an outward convex arc surface.

2. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic support assembly includes: an adjusting sleeve (15) and two first screws (14); the outer ends of the two first screws (14) are respectively hinged to the first longitudinal ribs (13) on both sides, and the inner ends of the two first screws (14) are respectively threaded to the two ends of the adjusting sleeve (15); the internal threads at both ends of the adjusting sleeve (15) are rotated in opposite directions, configured so that when the adjusting sleeve (15) is rotated, the two first screws (14) are driven to extend outward or retract inward synchronously.

3. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pull-locking assembly includes a second screw (24) and a locking nut (25); one end of the second screw (24) is hinged to the second longitudinal rib (23) on one side, and the other end moves through the second longitudinal rib (23) on the other side and extends out; the locking nut (25) is threaded to the extended end of the second screw (24), and by tightening the locking nut (25), the second longitudinal ribs (23) on both sides are pulled closer to each other.

4. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The through hole on the second longitudinal rib (23) through which the second screw (24) passes is a strip hole (230); the strip hole (230) is configured to provide clearance space for the second screw (24) to swing during the deformation process of the second V-shaped guide groove (200).

5. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concave steel formwork (1) and / or the convex steel formwork (2) further include stiffening plates (3); The stiffening plate (3) is disposed on the first transverse rib (12) and located on both sides or one side of the first V-shaped guide groove (100); the stiffening plate (3) is fixedly connected between the back of the first template body piece (11) and the side wall of the first transverse rib (12); And / or the stiffening plate (3) is disposed on the second transverse rib (22) and located on both sides or one side of the second V-shaped guide groove (200); the stiffening plate (3) is fixedly connected between the back of the second template body piece (21) and the side wall of the second transverse rib (22).

6. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting sleeve (15) has a radially penetrating force hole (150), which is configured to allow the insertion of a rod-shaped tool.

7. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remaining thickness of the first transverse rib (12) at the bottom of the first V-shaped guide groove (100) and the remaining thickness of the second transverse rib (22) at the bottom of the second V-shaped guide groove (200) are both defined as T1; the width of the first transverse rib (12) and the width of the second transverse rib (22) are both defined as T2; the ratio of T1 to T2 is 1:4 to 1:

3.

8. The angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial opening angle of the first V-shaped guide groove (100) and the second V-shaped guide groove (200) is 30 to 60 degrees; the first V-shaped guide groove (100) and the second V-shaped guide groove (200) are both configured to allow the corresponding template body piece to produce a bending deformation of ±15 degrees.

9. A method for adjusting an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system, characterized in that, Adjusting an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: S1. Based on the design outline of the irregular wall to be poured, determine the radius of curvature and bending direction of each section of the wall; arrange several convex steel templates (2) in the concave section of the wall outline and several concave steel templates (1) in the convex section of the wall outline. S2. For the concave steel template (1), adjust the telescopic support components installed on it to generate a pushing force to open the first V-shaped guide groove (100) until the working surface curvature of the first template body piece (11) matches the design curvature of the section. For the protruding steel template (2), adjust the installed tie-lock assembly to generate tension force so that the second V-shaped guide groove (200) closes until the working surface curvature of the second template body piece (21) matches the design curvature of the section. S3. Connect the concave steel template (1) and convex steel template (2) with the adjusted angle, lock the connectors between the templates, and form a continuous and smooth concrete pouring cavity.

10. The method for adjusting an angle-adjustable concrete formwork system according to claim 9, characterized in that, In S3, when connecting the inflection point area of ​​the concave steel template (1) and the convex steel template (2), the pushing stroke of the telescopic support component and / or the locking stroke of the pull-locking component are finely adjusted so that the concave steel template (1) and the adjacent convex steel template (2) remain tangentially collinear at the connection point.

Images