Underground building exit door

Abstract

This disclosure relates to the field of underground building door opening control devices in fire safety, and particularly to a swing door for an underground building safety exit. The swing door for an underground building safety exit includes: a safety exit structure forming the boundary of the upper opening of the underground building safety exit; a door hinge support assembly disposed at the edge of the opening of the safety exit structure, including: a first support member and a second support member; and a first door hinge and a second door hinge; a door leaf assembly disposed at the upper opening of the safety exit structure for horizontally sealing the opening, the door leaf assembly including a fixed leaf and a pushable leaf; the fixed leaf and the pushable leaf overlap each other in the closed state, jointly forming a sealing structure for the opening; the pushable leaf is equipped with an opening drive assembly for driving the door leaf assembly to open in a fire. This disclosure addresses both the needs of sealing during normal times and opening during fires, improving the regulatory compatibility and engineering feasibility of underground safety exits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of control devices for opening doors in underground buildings for fire safety, and particularly to a swing door for a safety exit in an underground building. Background Technology

[0002] Underground building safety exits generally come in two forms: open and uncovered, and covered attic exits. Open, uncovered exits have a lower building height above ground, which is more aesthetically pleasing to the urban streetscape. However, to prevent rainwater from entering the underground, intercepting ditches and collection wells need to be installed at the underground evacuation staircases. Covered attic exits require fire doors with a clearance height of more than 2100mm perpendicular to the ground at the exit, resulting in a higher attic height and a significant impact on the urban streetscape.

[0003] Currently, many existing underground building safety exit renovation projects have a real need to reduce the height and size of the ground-level pavilions. However, conventional safety exits currently lack underground sump pits, and adding sump pits presents problems such as high investment, long construction periods, and insufficient conditions for installation. Therefore, for open safety exits without underground sump pits, a horizontal door needs to be installed at the top to seal them off. This door should be closed under normal conditions to prevent rainwater from entering, and should also meet the requirements for personnel evacuation and fire rescue under different conditions, including when fire alarm systems are effective or not, to ensure personnel safety.

[0004] Currently, patents concerning the horizontal sealing of underground safety exits mainly concern the form of electric sliding doors, which can only slide horizontally with respect to the ground (see patent numbers: CN 111255362 B, CN 215565387 U, CN 206956928 U). This does not comply with Article 7.1.6 of the "General Code for Fire Protection of Buildings" (GB 55037-2022), which requires that "evacuation exit doors should be swing doors or doors with swing function in case of fire," and therefore cannot be applied to practical engineering projects. Patent CN 220285595 U considers the swing function of the safety exit door, but it still requires underground water collection and drainage facilities. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the fire alarm system may fail, and the evacuation route may not be smooth.

[0005] Existing patents regarding horizontal sealing and evacuation measures for safety exits in underground buildings have two main problems: first, they use electric sliding doors, which do not comply with current regulations; second, although they use swing doors, they still require underground water collection facilities, making them unsuitable for renovation projects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] I. Technical problems to be solved

[0007] This disclosure aims to at least partially solve one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0008] II. Technical Solution

[0009] This disclosure provides a swing door for a safety exit in an underground building. The swing door includes: a safety exit structure 100 forming the boundary of the upper opening of the underground building's safety exit; a door hinge support assembly 200 disposed at the edge of the opening of the safety exit structure 100, including: a first support member 210 and a second support member 211 respectively disposed on both sides of the opening; and a first door hinge 220 and a second door hinge 221 respectively disposed on the first and second support members; and a door leaf assembly 300 disposed at the upper opening of the safety exit structure 100 for horizontally sealing the opening, the door leaf assembly including a fixed... The door assembly includes a fixed door panel 310 and a pushable door panel 320. The fixed door panel 310 is hinged to a first door hinge 220 and can rotate around the first door hinge 220 relative to the safety exit structure 100. The pushable door panel 320 is hinged to a second door hinge 221 and can rotate around the second door hinge 221 relative to the safety exit structure 100. The fixed door panel 310 and the pushable door panel 320 overlap each other in the closed state to form a sealing structure for the opening. The pushable door panel 320 is equipped with an opening drive assembly 500, which is used to drive the door panel assembly 300 to open in the event of a fire.

[0010] III. Beneficial Effects

[0011] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this disclosure has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0012] (1) Horizontal sealing takes into account both aesthetics and practicality.

[0013] The safety exits of the underground buildings disclosed herein are constructed using a horizontal sealing method, which effectively reduces the building volume and height above ground, minimizing the impact on the urban streetscape. Furthermore, it takes into account different usage scenarios, including both effective and ineffective fire alarm systems, and meets the relevant requirements of current regulations, resulting in higher technical safety and engineering application adaptability.

[0014] Specifically, this disclosure employs a first door hinge and a second door hinge to support a fixed door leaf and a sliding door leaf respectively, with the two doors overlapping each other in the closed state to form a top horizontal sealing structure. This disclosure differs from common sliding doors, more easily meeting the regulatory requirement that evacuation exit doors have a swing-open function during a fire, while simultaneously accommodating both the need for sealing during normal times and opening during fires, thus improving the regulatory compatibility and engineering feasibility of underground safety exits.

[0015] (2) Applicable to new projects and renovation projects of old facilities

[0016] This disclosure utilizes a multi-layered rainproof system comprised of structural sidewalls, horizontal sealing slabs, intercepting ditches, inter-sectoral seals, and perimeter seals to reduce the risk of rainwater backflow without relying on underground sump pits. This solution is particularly suitable for the renovation of safety exits in existing underground buildings, reducing the amount of new civil engineering work while meeting the needs for rainproofing during normal use, thus lowering investment, shortening the construction period, and improving construction adaptability.

[0017] In particular, the horizontal sealing door provides waterproof sealing between the door and the building structure, and can be used regardless of whether a sump is installed in the underground building. It is especially suitable for renovation projects where the underground building does not have a sump.

[0018] (3) Opening mechanism combining fire-fighting linkage unlocking and hydraulic lifting

[0019] This disclosure links the access control magnetic component with the fire control system. In the event of a fire, the lock on the push-open door is first released, and then the push-open door is lifted and opened by the opening hydraulic cylinder, power hydraulic cylinder, and transmission mechanism. This structure can quickly form an evacuation and rescue channel in fire conditions, avoiding the reaction delay caused by manual opening, and is conducive to improving the efficiency of underground personnel evacuation and the timeliness of fire rescue.

[0020] (4) Complete transmission and reset structure of gears, chains, counterweights and reset hydraulic system

[0021] This disclosure utilizes a sliding gear, chain, counterweight, and reset hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic rod to construct a complete door lifting and resetting transmission chain, enabling the push-open door to open smoothly and reliably reset and close after a fire. This solution helps reduce direct drive load, improves the opening stability and reset reliability of large-size doors, thereby enhancing long-term mechanical stability and maintenance convenience.

[0022] (5) Design for window breaking and climbing rescue under extreme failure conditions

[0023] This invention discloses a safety glass area on a sliding window, along with a steel ladder and window-breaking mechanism. This allows for ventilation, smoke extraction, and passage openings to be created even when both fire alarm linkage and hydraulic activation devices fail. This solution provides a final safety net for underground personnel evacuation and firefighter access, significantly enhancing safety redundancy and rescue capabilities under abnormal conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a floor plan of the swing door of the underground building's safety exit.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the door body and the safety exit structure of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram showing the construction details of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in the closed state.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in the open state. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This disclosure relates to a swing door for safety exits in underground buildings, primarily used for horizontal sealing of the top of safety exits in underground buildings, especially suitable for existing renovation projects where underground sump pits are not installed or it is inconvenient to add them. This disclosure uses a fixed leaf supported by double hinges and a pushable leaf to form a top-hinged sealing door. Combined with a fire-fighting linkage response device, a hydraulic starting device, a limiting structure, and a window-breaking rescue structure, the door can provide rainproof sealing under normal conditions and can automatically open, be manually pushed open, or be used for window-breaking and rescue in case of fire. This addresses multiple needs, including landscape optimization, waterproof sealing, regulatory compliance, and evacuation and rescue, demonstrating good engineering adaptability and safety in use.

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The first embodiment of this disclosure provides another type of swing door for safety exits in underground buildings. Figure 1 This is a floor plan of the swing door of the underground building's safety exit. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the door body and the safety exit structure of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in this disclosure. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the construction details of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in the closed state. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the swing door of the underground building safety exit in the open state.

[0031] As shown in the figure, the underground building safety exit swing door disclosed herein includes a safety exit structure 100, a door hinge support assembly 200, a door leaf assembly 300, an opening drive assembly 500, a waterproof sealing structure 400, a limiting structure 700, and an emergency rescue mechanism. Among them:

[0032] ①The safety exit structure 100 is used to form the boundary of the upper opening of the safety exit of the underground building, and serves as the installation base for the door hinge support assembly 200, door leaf assembly 300, waterproof sealing structure 400 and limiting structure 700.

[0033] ② The door hinge support assembly 200 is used to set the door body rotation fulcrum, and provides support and guidance for the fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320, so that the two can rotate around the corresponding door hinge respectively.

[0034] ③ The door panel assembly 300 is used to horizontally block the upper opening of the safety exit and form an evacuation and rescue passage in the event of a fire. The fixed panel 310 is mainly used to form the top blocking boundary together with the safety exit structure 100, and the pushable panel 320 is mainly used to open upward under the action of the opening drive assembly 500.

[0035] ④ The drive assembly 500 is used to drive the pushable fan 320 from the closed state to the open state in the event of a fire, so as to form a passageway from the underground to the ground.

[0036] ⑤ The waterproof sealing structure 400 is used to seal the gaps between door panels and between the door panels and the safety exit structure 100, reducing the risk of outdoor rainwater entering the underground building.

[0037] ⑥ The limiting structure 700 is used to limit and support the pushable door 320 after it is opened to a predetermined angle, so as to keep the door stable after it is opened and prevent it from swinging back or falling.

[0038] ⑦ The emergency rescue structure includes: safety glass 800, steel ladder 810 and window-breaking hammer 820, which are used to form ventilation, smoke extraction, climbing and rescue channels in extreme failure conditions.

[0039] The various components of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0040] In this embodiment, the safety exit structure 100 is a reinforced concrete structure, forming the upper opening boundary of the underground building's safety exit. Preferably, the safety exit structure 100 includes three structural side walls 110 located excluding the personnel access side, and a horizontal sealing structure plate 120 disposed between the tops of the three structural side walls 110. The structural side walls 110 refer to the three side walls of the safety exit's non-personnel access location. The structural side walls 110 are formed by direct upward casting on the original underground civil engineering structure, and preferably rise approximately 300mm above the outdoor ground level. By raising the three structural side walls 110 upward, on the one hand, it provides an installation and overlapping foundation for the horizontal sealing structure plate 120 and the door panel assembly 300; on the other hand, it improves the ability of the opening edge to block surface water accumulation, splashing water, and localized rainwater backflow, thereby enhancing the overall waterproof performance of the horizontal sealing structure at the top of the underground building's safety exit.

[0041] In this embodiment, the horizontal sealing structure slab 120 is preferably cast directly onto the structural sidewall 110 and the civil engineering beams provided on the structural sidewall 110. The horizontal sealing structure slab 120 and the three structural sidewalls 110 together define the boundary of the opening and are used to reduce the unfolded area and weight of the door panel assembly 300, especially the area and weight of the pushable panel 320, thereby reducing the driving load when the door is opened. Furthermore, the horizontal sealing structure slab 120 can form a drainage slope towards the outside by relying on the change in structural thickness, so as to guide the water accumulated on the surface of the structure slab 120 to the outdoor ground.

[0042] In this embodiment, the safety exit structure 100 also includes a drainage ditch 130 located on the external platform on the personnel access side. The drainage ditch 130 is situated on the path of surface rainwater before it enters the safety exit structure 100, and is used to preferentially intercept outdoor water accumulation, preventing rainwater from directly flowing into the underground building along the personnel access side. Thus, the drainage ditch 130, together with the waterproof sealing structure 400 described later, constitutes a multi-layered waterproof system, enabling this disclosure to adequately meet normal rain protection needs even without the installation of an underground water collection well.

[0043] The door hinge support assembly 200 is disposed at the edge of the opening of the safety exit structure 100, and includes: a first support member 210 and a second support member 211 respectively disposed on both sides of the opening, and a first door hinge 220 and a second door hinge 221 respectively disposed on the first support member 210 and the second support member 211. The first support member 210 and the second support member 211 are preferably fixed to the outdoor ground or reliably connected to the outdoor ground. Preferably, the support member in the door hinge support assembly 200 is welded to the corresponding door hinge, wherein one end of the support member is mechanically fixed to the outdoor ground, and the other end extends upward and preferably exceeds the outdoor ground level to approximately flush with the structural side wall 110; the first door hinge 220 and the second door hinge 221 are respectively disposed on the upper part of the corresponding support member. The installation height of the door hinge is preferably set so that there is as little obvious gap as possible between the corresponding door and the structural side wall 110 when closed, thereby improving the integrity of the seal.

[0044] A door leaf assembly 300 is disposed at the opening on the upper part of the safety exit structure 100 for horizontally sealing the opening. The door leaf assembly 300 includes a fixed leaf 310 and a pushable leaf 320. The fixed leaf 310 is hinged to a first door hinge 220 and is rotatable relative to the safety exit structure 100 about the first door hinge 220; the pushable leaf 320 is hinged to a second door hinge 221 and is rotatable relative to the safety exit structure 100 about the second door hinge 221. Preferably, the fixed leaf 310 is rotatably connected to the first door hinge 220 by a first cylindrical hinge 230, and the pushable leaf 320 is rotatably connected to the second door hinge 221 by a second cylindrical hinge 231.

[0045] In this embodiment, the fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320 are not only connected to their respective door hinges, but also form a clear overlapping relationship with the safety exit structure 100. Three sides of the fixed door 310 overlap with the outdoor platform, the structural side wall 110, and the horizontal sealing structure plate 120, respectively, while its other side is suspended in mid-air. Three sides of the pushable door 320 overlap with the outdoor platform, the structural side wall 110, and the horizontal sealing structure plate 120, respectively, while its other side naturally overlaps with the fixed door 310 due to gravity. Thus, when the door is closed, the fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320, through their mutual overlap, jointly form a top sealing structure for the opening.

[0046] In this embodiment, the main frame of the fixed door panel 310 and the pushable door panel 320 is preferably formed by welding steel, and the outer skin of the main body of the door panel is also formed by welding steel. Fire-retardant coatings can be applied to the front and back surfaces of the fixed door panel 310 and the pushable door panel 320, and preferably, the overall fire resistance meets Class B or higher requirements. Therefore, the door panel assembly 300 can not only be used as a top-sealing door in normal times, but also maintain good structural integrity and fire resistance under fire conditions, thereby improving technical safety and engineering application adaptability.

[0047] Those skilled in the art should understand that the size ratio of the fixed fan 310 and the pushable fan 320 can be adjusted according to the opening size of the safety exit structure 100, the evacuation clearance width requirements, and the weight distribution of the door. Preferably, the effective opening width of the pushable fan 320 is not less than the minimum clearance width required for evacuation and rescue; the fixed fan 310 can cooperate with the horizontal sealing structure plate 120 to minimize the weight and opening resistance of the pushable fan 320 when opened alone. Without changing the basic technical concept of this disclosure, engineering adjustments can be made according to the opening size, load conditions, installation environment, and evacuation requirements of different underground building projects, demonstrating strong adaptability and feasibility.

[0048] The waterproof sealing structure 400 includes an inter-leaf seal 410 and a peripheral seal 420. The inter-leaf seal 410 is located at the overlap between the fixed leaf 310 and the pushable leaf 320, used to seal the overlap gap between the two door panels. The peripheral seal 420 is located at the overlap between the outer periphery of both the fixed leaf 310 and the pushable leaf 320 and the safety exit structure 100, used to seal the gap between the outer periphery of the door assembly 300 and the opening boundary. Preferably, waterproof sealing material is used to seal the gaps between the two door panels and the structural side wall 110, the outdoor platform, and the overlap points between the door panels. The inter-leaf seal 410 and the peripheral seal 420 can be weather-resistant rubber sealing strips, elastic seals, composite waterstops, or other suitable waterproof components. Through this structure, the door assembly 300 can achieve a relatively complete waterproof seal on the opening when closed.

[0049] The push-opening fan 320 is equipped with an opening drive assembly 500. The opening drive assembly 500 includes a fire alarm response device 510 and a hydraulic actuation device 520. The fire alarm response device 510 is used to respond to a fire control signal and release the locked state of the push-opening fan 320 in the event of a fire. The hydraulic actuation device 520 is used to drive the push-opening fan 320 to open around the second door hinge 221 after the locked state of the push-opening fan 320 is released.

[0050] In this embodiment, the fire alarm linkage response device 510 includes: an access control magnetic component 511 and a fire control signal system connected thereto. Preferably, the access control magnetic component 511 is welded inside the door leaf skin. The fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320 are each equipped with the access control magnetic component 511. Under normal conditions, the magnetic components attract each other, keeping the fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320 tightly closed. The access control magnetic component 511 is connected to the underground building fire control system. When a fire breaks out anywhere in the underground building, the access control magnetic component 511 immediately responds. Upon receiving a fire alarm release signal, the access control magnetic component 511 is de-energized and demagnetized, releasing the lock on the pushable door 320. Preferably, the spring 321 connected to the access control magnetic component, especially the tension spring located inside the pushable door 320, is subjected to a pushing force after the access control is released, further triggering the hydraulic start device 520 to operate.

[0051] The hydraulic starting device 520 includes: a door opening hydraulic cylinder 521, a power hydraulic cylinder 522, and a hydraulic transmission component connected to the pushable fan 320. The hydraulic transmission component includes a door opening hydraulic rod 523 connected to the door opening hydraulic cylinder 521, a transmission rod 524 connected to the power hydraulic cylinder 522, a sliding gear 525 connected to the second door hinge 221, and a chain 526 meshing with the sliding gear 525. Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic rod are connected by threads to facilitate installation, adjustment, and maintenance.

[0052] In this embodiment, the power hydraulic cylinder 522 is connected to the transmission rod 524; the second door hinge 221 is mechanically connected to the sliding gear 525; one end of the chain 526 meshing with the sliding gear 525 is connected to the door opening hydraulic cylinder 521, and the other end is connected to the counterweight 527; the counterweight 527 is further connected to the reset hydraulic cylinder 528. The hydraulic starting device 520 also includes a reset hydraulic cylinder 528 and a reset hydraulic rod 529. The reset hydraulic cylinder 528 is connected to the counterweight 527 or the pushable fan 320 via the reset hydraulic rod 529, so as to drive the pushable fan 320 to move in the opposite direction and reset and close after the fire condition ends.

[0053] When a fire occurs in any area of ​​the underground building, the fire alarm signal is fed back to the door, and the door magnetic component 511 between the fixed door 310 and the pushable door 320 immediately fails. After the tension spring inside the pushable door 320 fails, it pushes the hydraulic oil inside the door opening hydraulic cylinder 521 to be pressurized, and transmits the force to the power hydraulic cylinder 522 through the door opening hydraulic rod 523. The power hydraulic cylinder 522 amplifies the force and transmits it to the transmission rod 524, which in turn drives the sliding gear 525 to rotate. The chain 526 connected to the sliding gear 525 retracts as the gear rotates, pulling the counterweight 527 connected to the upper part of the door leaf to spring up, which in turn drives the entire pushable door 320 to rotate around the second door hinge 221 and lift it up, finally realizing the opening of the pushable door 320.

[0054] In this embodiment, the swing door of the underground building's safety exit further includes a limiting structure 700. The limiting structure 700 includes a limiting rod 710 disposed on the pushable door 320 and a limiting mating part 720 disposed on the safety exit structure 100. Preferably, the limiting mating part 720 is a limiting groove disposed on the structural side wall 110. When the pushable door 320 is raised, the limiting rod 710 connected to the door moves accordingly; when the pushable door 320 is raised to a position approximately 85 degrees to the ground, the door does not obstruct the safety exit evacuation clearance width. At this time, the limiting rod 710 engages with the limiting mating part 720, thereby placing the pushable door 320 in a stable force state, terminating the opening process. This structure prevents the door from swinging, falling back, or shifting after opening, thus improving safety during personnel evacuation and fire rescue.

[0055] After the fire is extinguished, personnel can apply a reset operation to the door from the outside by pulling the handle 531, so that the above process is reversed. The reset hydraulic cylinder 528 and the reset hydraulic rod 529 work together to drive the pushable fan 320 to gradually descend and return to the closed state.

[0056] In this embodiment, the swing door of the underground building's safety exit may further include a push handle 530 operated from the underground side and a pull handle 531 operated from the ground side. When the fire alarm linkage fails but the hydraulic start device 520 is still functioning normally, underground personnel can manually push the push handle 530 upwards from underground; when the pushing force is greater than the force on the access control magnetic component 511, the hydraulic oil in the door opening hydraulic cylinder 521 is also compressed, thereby triggering the door opening process and opening the pushable leaf 320. Therefore, this disclosure is applicable not only to the normal operation of the fire alarm linkage but also to the operation when the fire alarm linkage fails but the hydraulic start device 520 is still functioning normally.

[0057] In this embodiment, the connection position between the chain 526 and the counterweight 527 can be set at the upper inner side of the pushable fan 320, or it can be set closer to the rotation side; the reset hydraulic cylinder 528 can be connected to the counterweight 527 or directly to the pushable fan 320; the limiting mating part 720 can be set as a limiting groove, or it can be set as a limiting seat, a limiting hole, a limiting hook groove, or other structures that can form a limiting mating with the limiting rod 710. As long as it can realize the lifting and opening of the pushable fan 320, the stable holding after opening, and the reset action after closing, it can be used.

[0058] In this embodiment, an emergency rescue structure is also provided to adapt to more extreme abnormal working conditions. The emergency rescue structure includes a safety glass 800 installed on the pushable sash 320, and a steel ladder 810 and a window-breaking striking device 820 installed on the structural side wall 110. Preferably, the steel ladder 810 is anchored to the structural side wall 110 by anchor bolts. When the fire alarm linkage fails to control the access control magnetic component 511 and the hydraulic start device 520 also fails, the pushable sash 320 cannot be opened by the hydraulic mechanism. At this time, underground personnel or ground personnel can directly strike the safety glass 800 on the upper part of the pushable sash 320; after the glass is broken, underground smoke can be discharged through the opening, underground personnel can climb to the ground with the help of the steel ladder 810, and fire rescue personnel can also go down underground through the glass installation opening to carry out rescue work.

[0059] Specifically, it can be divided into the following three situations:

[0060] I. Normal Fire Conditions

[0061] Under normal fire conditions, the fire protection system sends a fire release signal to the fire linkage response device 510, the access control magnetic component 511 is unlocked, the hydraulic start device 520 is activated, the push-open fan 320 is automatically lifted and opened, and personnel can be quickly evacuated from underground to the ground through the safety exit structure 100. Fire rescue personnel can also enter the underground from the ground to carry out rescue operations.

[0062] II. Operating condition where the fire alarm linkage fails but the hydraulic starter 520 still functions normally.

[0063] In the event that the fire alarm linkage fails but the hydraulic starter 520 is still functioning normally, underground personnel can trigger the hydraulic starter 520 by pushing the push handle 530, thereby driving the pushable door 320 to open around the second door hinge 221. This method preserves the manual push-opening path in the event of automatic linkage failure, avoiding the inability to open evacuation passages due to a single linkage failure.

[0064] III. Extreme operating conditions where both fire alarm linkage and hydraulic start-up device 520 fail.

[0065] In extreme circumstances where both the fire alarm linkage and hydraulic start device 520 fail, underground personnel or surface rescue personnel can use the window-breaking hammer 820 to break the safety glass 800, creating an opening connecting the above-ground and underground areas. After breaking the glass, underground smoke can be discharged through the opening, improving the underground environment; simultaneously, underground personnel can use the steel ladder 810 to climb upwards for evacuation, and fire and rescue personnel can also enter the underground through the opening to conduct rescue operations. Thus, this disclosure provides three evacuation and rescue methods: automatic opening, manual push-opening, and window-breaking and climbing rescue, improving safety redundancy and reliability under abnormal conditions.

[0066] Therefore, this disclosure can be adapted to three working conditions: fire linkage is normal, fire linkage fails but hydraulic starting device is normal, and both fire linkage and hydraulic starting device fail, corresponding to three evacuation and rescue methods: automatic opening, manual push opening, and window breaking and climbing rescue.

[0067] In this embodiment, the most innovative features and their beneficial effects include at least the following five points:

[0068] First, a double-door overlapping structure of fixed door 310 and pushable door 320 is adopted, and a first door hinge 220 and a second door hinge 221 are respectively set; thus, the door can form a horizontal block at the top and can also be opened by the pushable door 320 in a swing-open manner, which is different from the existing door scheme that can only be moved horizontally, and is more in line with the standard requirement that evacuation exit doors have a swing-open function in case of fire.

[0069] Secondly, a three-sided structural side wall 110 is formed by direct casting on the original underground civil engineering structure and is about 300mm higher than the outdoor ground level. Together with the horizontal sealing structural plate 120, it defines the boundary of the opening. This can reduce the volume and height of the ground building, reduce the impact on the urban streetscape, reduce the door area and self-weight, reduce the driving load, and improve the ability to block surface water backflow.

[0070] Third, a multi-layered rainproof system is constructed by using a water interception ditch 130, a fan-shaped sealing component 410, a peripheral sealing component 420, and a horizontal sealing structure plate 120 with a drainage slope. Thus, even without an underground water collection well, it can block outdoor rainwater from entering the underground building through external interception, top drainage, and door sealing, making it particularly suitable for existing renovation projects.

[0071] Fourth, the door is opened by linking the fire-fighting linkage response device 510 with the hydraulic starting device 520, and a door lifting and resetting transmission chain is formed by the door opening hydraulic cylinder 521, the power hydraulic cylinder 522, the sliding gear 525, the chain 526, the counterweight 527 and the reset hydraulic cylinder 528. Thus, it can automatically and quickly open in the event of a fire and smoothly reset afterwards, improving the timeliness and reliability of the formation of evacuation and rescue channels.

[0072] Fifth, the emergency rescue structure adopts safety glass 800, steel ladder 810, and window breaking and striking parts 820; thus, even in extreme cases where fire linkage and hydraulic starting devices fail, ventilation, smoke exhaust, climbing and rescue openings can still be formed, significantly improving the personnel survival and rescue guarantee capabilities under abnormal working conditions.

[0073] The second embodiment of this disclosure provides another type of swing door for safety exits in underground buildings. The second embodiment is structurally similar to the aforementioned embodiments, but is more specifically suited for the renovation of safety exits in existing underground buildings that do not have underground sump pits.

[0074] In this embodiment, the existing underground building safety exit can be an open-type safety exit or another type of safety exit where it is inconvenient to install a tall ground pavilion. When the existing underground structure does not have a sump, and adding a sump would involve significant investment, a long construction period, or limited construction conditions, a structural sidewall 110, a horizontal sealing structural plate 120, a door hinge support assembly 200, a door leaf assembly 300, and a drainage ditch 130 can be added to the existing safety exit opening boundary to form a top-level horizontally sealed underground building safety exit swing door system. Through the above-mentioned modification method, the existing safety exit can be functionally upgraded without significantly increasing the amount of underground civil engineering modifications.

[0075] In this embodiment, the structural sidewall 110 and the horizontal sealing structure slab 120 can be formed by additional casting, steel section addition, reinforced concrete addition, or other methods suitable for existing engineering modifications; the door hinge support assembly 200 can be anchored to the existing outdoor ground or a newly constructed foundation; and the door leaf assembly 300 can be customized according to the opening size. Therefore, this disclosure can solve the problem of relying on underground drainage facilities in traditional safety exit modifications, reduce engineering investment and construction difficulty, and improve engineering adaptability.

[0076] This concludes the description of the various embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of this disclosure.

[0077] In summary, this disclosure achieves a balance between rainproof sealing of underground building safety exits and fire evacuation and rescue through the coordinated operation of various structures. Compared with existing sliding door solutions that can only slide horizontally, this disclosure can provide a top-sealed door with a swing-open function; compared with solutions that rely on underground water collection facilities, this disclosure is more suitable for renovation projects that do not have underground water collection wells; compared with solutions that only consider a single opening mode, this disclosure can also adapt to various abnormal working conditions, and has better safety redundancy, engineering adaptability, and reliability.

[0078] It should be noted that for some implementation methods, if they are not key contents of this disclosure and are well known to those skilled in the art, they are not described in detail in the accompanying drawings or text due to space limitations. In such cases, relevant prior art can be referred to for understanding.

[0079] The directional terms used in this disclosure, such as "center," "lateral," "longitudinal," "top," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," indicate orientations or positional relationships based solely on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and for simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this disclosure. Furthermore, throughout the accompanying drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Also, the shapes and dimensions of the components in the drawings do not reflect actual size and proportion, but are only schematic representations of embodiments of this disclosure.

[0080] The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this disclosure should be interpreted broadly, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the connection of a portion of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that in the claims and specification of this disclosure, the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements (or steps) not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element (or step) does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements (or steps).

[0082] Furthermore, the above embodiments are provided only to enable this disclosure to meet legal requirements, and this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0083] Similarly, it should be understood that, for the sake of brevity, in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, various features of this disclosure are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the claims, each aspect of the disclosure comprises fewer than all the features of the preceding single embodiment. Furthermore, embodiments may be used in combination with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations; that is, technical features from different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into that detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of this disclosure.

[0084] The above specific embodiments have provided a detailed description of the purpose, technical means, and beneficial effects of this disclosure. It should be understood that the purpose of the detailed description is to enable those skilled in the art to understand this disclosure more clearly, and it is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A swing door for safety exits in underground buildings, characterized in that, include: The safety exit structure (100) forms the boundary of the upper opening of the safety exit of the underground building; A door hinge support assembly (200), disposed at the opening edge of the safety exit structure (100), includes: A first support member (210) and a second support member (211) are respectively disposed on both sides of the opening; and, A first door hinge (220) and a second door hinge (221) are respectively disposed on the first support member and the second support member; A door panel assembly (300) is disposed at the opening on the upper part of the safety exit structure (100) for horizontally sealing the opening. The door panel assembly includes a fixed panel (310) and a pushable panel (320). The fixed fan (310) is hinged to the first door hinge (220) and is able to rotate about the first door hinge (220) relative to the safety exit structure (100); The pushable fan (320) is hinged to the second door hinge (221) and can rotate about the second door hinge (221) relative to the safety exit structure (100); the fixed fan (310) and the pushable fan (320) overlap each other in the closed state to form a sealing structure for the opening. The pushable door (320) is equipped with an opening drive component (500), which is used to drive the door assembly (300) to open in the event of a fire.

2. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Waterproof sealing structure (400), including: A fan-to-fan seal (410) is provided at the overlapping portion of the fixed fan and the pushable fan; and... Peripheral seal (420) is provided at the junction of the outer periphery of both the fixed fan and the pushable fan with the safety exit structure (100). The inter-sash (410) and the perimeter seal (420) together prevent outdoor rainwater from entering the interior of the safety exit structure (100) through the door assembly (300).

3. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening drive assembly (500) includes: a fire linkage response device (510) and a hydraulic starting device (520). The fire linkage response device (510) is used to respond to the fire control signal and release the locked state of the pushable fan (320) in the event of a fire. The hydraulic actuation device (520) is used to drive the pushable fan (320) to open around the second door hinge (221) after the locked state of the pushable fan (320) is released.

4. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fire alarm linkage response device (510) includes: an access control magnetic component (511) for keeping the fixed fan (310) and the pushable fan (320) closed. The hydraulic starting device (520) includes: a door opening hydraulic cylinder (521), a power hydraulic cylinder (522), and a hydraulic transmission component connected to the pushable fan (320); The door magnetic component (511) unlocks the pushable door (320) after receiving a fire release signal; the door opening hydraulic cylinder (521) is triggered after the pushable door (320) is unlocked and transmits the force to the power hydraulic cylinder (522); the power hydraulic cylinder (522) drives the pushable door (320) to open around the second door hinge (221) via the hydraulic transmission component.

5. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydraulic transmission component includes: The door opening hydraulic rod (523) is connected to the door opening hydraulic cylinder (521); Transmission rod (524) connected to the power hydraulic cylinder (522); The sliding gear (525) is drivenly connected to the second door shaft (221); and, A chain (526) meshing with the sliding gear (525); One end of the chain (526) is connected to the transmission rod (524), and the other end is connected to the counterweight (527); the counterweight (527) is connected to the upper part of the pushable fan (320) and is used to drive the pushable fan (320) to lift upward around the second door hinge (221) when the chain (526) moves; The hydraulic starting device (520) further includes: a reset hydraulic cylinder (528) and a reset hydraulic rod (529); the reset hydraulic cylinder (528) is connected to the counterweight (527) or the pushable fan (320) via the reset hydraulic rod (529) to drive the pushable fan (320) to move in the opposite direction and reset and close after the fire condition ends.

6. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The underground building safety exit swing door also includes a limiting structure (700). The limiting structure (700) includes: A limiting rod (710) is provided on the pushable fan (320); and, The limiting fitting part (720) is provided on the safety exit structure (100). When the pushable fan (320) is opened to a predetermined angle, the limiting rod (710) and the limiting mating part (720) are limited to fit together so that the pushable fan (320) remains in an open and stable state; the predetermined angle is the angle at which the evacuation net width of the safety exit structure (100) is unobstructed.

7. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Safety glass (800) is provided on the pushable fan (320); The safety exit structure (100) is equipped with a steel ladder (810) and a window-breaking hammer (820). The safety glass (800) is designed to be broken when the opening drive assembly (500) fails, so as to form a ventilation and passage opening connecting the ground and the underground; the steel ladder (810) is designed to allow underground personnel to climb upwards for evacuation and to allow fire and rescue personnel to descend downwards to carry out rescue operations.

8. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The safety exit structure (100) includes: three structural side walls (110) located outside the personnel entry and exit side and a horizontal sealing structure plate (120) disposed between the tops of the three structural side walls (110). The three-sided structural sidewalls (110) surround the periphery of the opening and are used to cooperate with the door assembly (300) to form an upper horizontal sealing boundary; The horizontal sealing structure plate (120) and the three-sided structural sidewall (110) together define the boundary of the opening and are used to reduce the unfolded area and weight of the door assembly (300); the horizontal sealing structure plate (120) forms a drainage slope towards the outside to guide the water accumulated on the surface of the horizontal sealing structure plate (120) to the outdoor area.

9. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The safety exit structure (100) further includes: a drainage ditch (130) located at the external platform on the personnel access side; the drainage ditch (130) is situated on the path of surface rainwater before it enters the safety exit structure (100), serving to prevent outdoor water accumulation from flowing into the underground building along the personnel access side; the main frames of the fixed fan (310) and the pushable fan (320) are formed by welding steel; and / or, Fire-retardant coatings are provided on the front and back surfaces of the fixed fan (310) and the pushable fan (320) so that the door fan assembly (300) forms a top-hinged, fire-resistant, sealed door body; the fixed fan (310) and the first door hinge (220) are rotatably connected by a first cylindrical hinge (230); the pushable fan (320) and the second door hinge (221) are rotatably connected by a second cylindrical hinge (231).

10. The swing door for safety exits in underground buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The underground building safety exit swing door further includes: a push handle (530) operated from the underground side and a pull handle (531) operated from the ground side; when the fire alarm linkage fails and the hydraulic starter (520) is in a working state, underground personnel can trigger the hydraulic starter (520) by pushing the push handle (530) to drive the pushable fan (320) to open; when the fire situation ends, ground personnel can operate the pull handle (531) to make the pushable fan (320) move in the opposite direction and reset to close; and / or, The swing door for underground building safety exits is suitable for the renovation of safety exits in existing underground buildings without underground water collection wells; the door panel assembly (300) and the top horizontal sealing of the safety exit structure (100) form a rainproof sealing system; the intercepting ditch (130) and the waterproof sealing structure (400) together constitute a path to block outdoor rainwater from entering the underground building; the door panel assembly (300) corresponds to three evacuation and rescue methods: automatic opening, manual pushing and opening, and window breaking and climbing rescue, respectively, under the working conditions of normal fire linkage, fire linkage failure but normal hydraulic starting device (520), and failure of both fire linkage and hydraulic starting device (520).

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