Active cooling GIL under-river pipe gallery structure and cooling method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for underwater power tunnels crossing rivers, and provides an active cooling GIL (Gas Inlet Shield) river-crossing tunnel structure, including: a river-crossing shield tunnel lining, a GIL tunnel, a steel pipe segment heat-conducting layer; a ventilation system; and uniformly arranged heat pipe anchors extending upwards from the GIL tunnel into the riverbed and external heat exchange zone. Each heat pipe anchor includes an evaporation section, an insulation section, and a condensation section integrated from bottom to top, used to directionally transfer the heat generated by the operation of the GIL tunnel to the overlying low-temperature river water area. The active cooling GIL river-crossing tunnel structure and cooling method provided in this application solves or alleviates the problems of long heat transfer paths, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency in deeply buried sections and insufficient utilization of the river water cold source in existing technologies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for underwater power tunnels crossing rivers, and in particular to an active cooling GIL (Gas Inlet and Outlet) cross-river utility tunnel structure and cooling method. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale construction of my country's ultra-high voltage backbone power grid, the demand for cross-river power transmission channels continues to surge. Large navigable waterways such as the Yangtze River have large spans, strict shipping control, and strict ecological control. Conventional cross-river power transmission mainly adopts two traditional solutions: overhead long-span crossings and underwater power cables.

[0003] Currently, the following approaches are commonly used in engineering to address heat dissipation in gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission line (GIL) tunnels or power tunnels across rivers: First, passive heat dissipation relies on the natural heat transfer from the tunnel lining, surrounding rock, and saturated soil. Second, a ventilation system is installed within the tunnel to lower the tunnel air temperature and remove some heat through ventilation. Third, water cooling or a combined water and air cooling system is used in some projects to control heat generation during high-load operation. For deeply buried river-crossing sections, due to the long continuous length of the GIL line, high load, and long duration of heat generation, heat must first be transferred from the conductor and outer shell to the tunnel air, lining, grouting layer, and surrounding soil before further diffusion to the external environment. Especially in the middle of the riverbed and in sections with greater burial depth below the riverbed, the heat transfer path is long and the thermal resistance is high, easily forming localized high-temperature zones. This increases the burden on the ventilation system, and relying solely on air circulation within the tunnel is insufficient to fully utilize the large-capacity cold source of the overlying river water.

[0004] The existing cross-river GIL tunnels have the following main defects: (1) The existing cross-river GIL tunnels mainly rely on ventilation inside the tunnel and passive heat dissipation of the lining. The heat needs to diffuse through the thick lining, grouting layer and surrounding strata step by step. The heat transfer path is long, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency in the deep buried section. (2) The overlying river water has the advantages of relatively stable temperature and large heat capacity. However, the existing structure usually does not establish a direct heat transfer channel from the GIL heating zone to the river water cold source, and the river water cold source is underutilized. (3) When the GIL is running continuously under high load, a high-temperature core area may appear in the tunnel. The ventilation system needs to continuously provide a large air volume to control the temperature rise, resulting in high energy consumption. Moreover, local hot spots are not easy to be quickly peaked. (4) If only traditional water-cooled or air-cooled equipment is added, there will be problems of increased pipeline, equipment, maintenance space and operation and maintenance costs, which is not conducive to simple layout in long-distance cross-river tunnels.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure and cooling method to solve or alleviate the problems in the prior art, such as long heat transfer paths, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency in deeply buried sections and insufficient utilization of river water cold source.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: An active cooling GIL (Gas Inlet and Outer Space) cross-river tunnel structure is improved in that the GIL cross-river tunnel includes: a cross-river shield tunnel lining 1, a GIL tunnel 2 set inside the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1, a steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 set on the inner wall of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1; a ventilation system 3 set inside the GIL tunnel 2; and heat pipe anchors 4 uniformly arranged extending upward from the GIL tunnel 2 into the riverbed and the external heat exchange zone. The heat pipe anchor 4 includes an evaporation section 4.1, an insulation section 4.3, and a condensation section 4.2, which are integrated from bottom to top, and are used to directionally transfer the heat generated by the operation of the GIL pipe gallery 2 to the overlying low-temperature river water area.

[0008] Preferably, a steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 is provided in the corresponding heat-generating area of ​​the GIL tube gallery 2; The steel tube heat-conducting layer 5 includes heat exchange tubes and is integrally set with the local reinforcement section or inner lining heat-conducting component of the cross-river shield tunnel lining.

[0009] Preferably, the evaporation section 4.1 is located inside the GIL tube gallery 2 and is thermally connected to the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel tube sheet; the insulation section 4.3 passes through the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel and the insulation covering layer 10 of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1; the condensation section 4.2 extends upward to the saturated soil layer at the edge of the riverbed, the near-water layer, or the external heat exchange zone 7 in contact with the river water.

[0010] Preferably, the heat pipe anchors 4 are arranged radially at intervals along the arch of the shield tunnel, and additionally added along the axial direction of the shield tunnel; the heat pipe anchors 4 extend upward and outward at an angle to the radial direction of the tunnel, so that the condensation sections 4.2 of adjacent heat pipe anchors 4 are distributed in different elevation ranges.

[0011] Preferably, the heat pipe anchor 4 is a hollow rod body, and a heat transfer medium 8 is installed inside the rod body; a capillary reflux structure 9 is installed on the inner wall of the rod body; a heat-conducting pad, heat-conducting grouting material or metal connector is installed between the evaporation section 4.1 and the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe sheet; a heat-insulating covering layer 10 is installed at the part of the insulation section 4.3 that contacts the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel; and heat dissipation fins, a flow guide sleeve, a crushed stone filter layer or a water-filled heat exchange cavity can be installed on the outer periphery of the condensation section 4.2.

[0012] Preferably, a capillary reflux structure 9 is provided on the inner wall of the heat pipe anchor 4; the capillary reflux structure 9 includes: a capillary core, including a layer of continuous porous medium attached to the inner wall of the heat pipe anchor 4; the pores are filled with liquid working fluid, and the condensate is drawn back to the evaporation section by the capillary pressure generated by the pores; and the steam flows from the evaporation section to the condensation section through the central steam chamber formed around the axis of the heat pipe anchor 4.

[0013] Preferably, an anti-corrosion and waterproof layer 11 is provided at the part of the condensation section 4.2 that is in direct contact with the river water.

[0014] Preferably, installation holes for heat pipe anchors 4 are opened on the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel; the installation holes are shared or adjacent to the grouting holes 6; after the heat pipe anchors 4 are installed, the area at the opening of the installation holes is conventionally reinforced and grouted for sealing.

[0015] An improvement of the cooling method for the active cooling GIL (Gas Insulator) cross-river utility tunnel structure mentioned above is that the cooling method includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the installation position of the heat pipe anchor 4 in the high heat load zone of the cross-river shield tunnel, and install the heat pipe anchor 4 at the corresponding position in the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel; Step S2: Install a steel tube sheet heat-conducting layer 5 inside the GIL tube gallery 2, covering the inner lining surface corresponding to the heat-generating area; Step S3: Pass the heat pipe anchor 4 through the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel and extend it into the external soil layer or the heat exchange zone near the river water. The evaporation section 4.1 is connected to the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe segment, the insulation section 4.3 is located within the lining and intermediate covering layer, and the condensation section 4.2 is located within the external heat exchange zone 7. Step S4: Encapsulate the heat transfer medium 8 inside the heat pipe anchor rod 4 and complete the vacuuming and sealing process; Step S5: After the GIL starts generating heat, the heat transfer medium 8 absorbs heat and vaporizes in the evaporation section 4.1 and migrates upward through the adiabatic section 4.3. After exchanging heat with river water or near-water strata in the condensation section 4.2, it condenses and then flows back to the evaporation section 4.1 under the action of capillary reflux structure 9 or gravity, thus completing the cycle of heat transfer. Step S6: The ventilation system 3 operates synchronously to refresh, equalize, and assist in cooling the air inside the GIL tube gallery 2, so as to form a combined cooling mode of phase change heat conduction and ventilation heat exchange.

[0016] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: (1) This application establishes a direct heat transfer channel from the GIL heating zone to the external river water cold source through heat pipe anchors, which significantly shortens the heat output path and improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the deep-buried river-crossing section.

[0017] (2) By taking advantage of the gas-liquid phase change heat transfer of the working fluid and the stable reflux effect of the capillary reflux structure, the heat pipe anchor can quickly remove heat from the high-temperature core area when the temperature rise occurs, which has the effect of peak reduction on local hot spots and reduces the risk of long-term high-temperature operation of GIL.

[0018] (3) This application sets up the heat pipe anchor rod together with the heat conduction layer, insulation coating layer and ventilation system of the steel pipe sheet, which can improve the overall cooling capacity and reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system without increasing the amount of complex electromechanical equipment.

[0019] (4) This application can utilize the existing grouting holes, lining installation holes and inner lining space of the cross-river project for layout. The structure is compact, easy to set up in sections and maintain later, and has good engineering adaptability.

[0020] (5) This application takes into account the requirements of heat conduction, heat insulation, local corrosion protection and durability. The anti-corrosion and waterproof layer is only installed at the end that is in contact with the river water. It can simplify the anchor structure while meeting the long-term operating environment requirements of the cross-river GIL tunnel, and has high promotion and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the active cooling GIL cross-river tunnel structure involved in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat pipe anchor involved in this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Lining of the cross-river shield tunnel; 2. GIL pipe gallery; 3. Ventilation system; 4. Heat pipe anchor; 4.1. Evaporation section; 4.2. Condensation section; 4.3. Insulation section; 5. Steel tube sheet heat-conducting layer; 6. Grouting holes; 7. External heat exchange zone; 8. Heat transfer medium; 9. Capillary reflux structure; 10. Insulation coating layer; 11. Anti-corrosion and waterproof layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation and not by way of limitation. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present application encompass such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0023] In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0025] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require that this application be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application. The terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" used in this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; direct connections or indirect connections through intermediate components; wired connections, radio connections, or wireless communication signal connections. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] This application relates to an active cooling GIL (Gas Inlet and Outlet) cross-river tunnel structure, the GIL cross-river tunnel comprising: a cross-river shield tunnel lining 1, a GIL tunnel 2 disposed inside the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1, a steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 disposed on the inner wall of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1; a ventilation system 3 disposed inside the GIL tunnel 2, and heat pipe anchors 4 uniformly disposed extending upward from the GIL tunnel 2 into the riverbed and external heat exchange zone.

[0027] A steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 is installed in the corresponding heat-generating area of ​​GIL pipe gallery 2. Specifically, such as... Figure 1 As shown, cable channels and escape routes are provided in the lower middle part of GIL tunnel 2; a drainage ditch is provided at the bottom of GIL tunnel 2. The heat-generating area of ​​GIL tunnel 2 is concentrated in the upper middle part of GIL tunnel 2. Therefore, a steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 is installed on the inner wall of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1 and in the corresponding heat-generating area of ​​GIL tunnel 2.

[0028] The steel tube segment heat-conducting layer 5 includes heat exchange tubes and is integrally installed with the local reinforcement section or inner lining heat-conducting components of the cross-river shield tunnel lining. Specifically, the steel tube segment heat-conducting layer 5 used for tunnel lining typically refers to a composite layer supporting equipment made on the steel tube segment for heat conduction, heat dissipation, and temperature equalization. The substrate of the steel tube segment heat-conducting layer 5 is a steel shell, which serves as both a structural layer and the primary heat-conducting body; the heat exchange tubes are fixedly installed with the steel shell, forming an integrated heat-conducting layer of substrate and heat exchange tubes. Preferably, the steel tube segment heat-conducting layer 5 is integrally installed with the local reinforcement section or inner lining heat-conducting components of the cross-river shield tunnel lining to expand the heat exchange area between the heat source side air, the equipment shell, and the inner wall of the lining. The heat pipe anchor 4 includes an evaporation section 4.1, an insulation section 4.3, and a condensation section 4.2, which are integrated from bottom to top, and are used to directionally transfer the heat generated by the operation of the GIL pipe gallery 2 to the overlying low-temperature river water area.

[0029] Evaporation section 4.1 is located inside GIL tube gallery 2 and is thermally connected to the heat-conducting layer 5 of steel tube sheet; insulation section 4.3 passes through the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel and the insulation covering layer 10 of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1; condensation section 4.2 extends upward to the saturated soil layer at the edge of the riverbed, the near-water layer, or the external heat exchange zone 7 in contact with the river water.

[0030] The heat pipe anchor 4 is a hollow rod with a heat transfer medium 8 inside. A capillary reflux structure 9 is installed on the inner wall of the rod. A heat-conducting pad, heat-conducting grouting material, or metal connector is installed between the evaporation section 4.1 and the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe section. An insulation covering layer 10 is installed at the point where the insulation section 4.3 contacts the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel. Heat dissipation fins, a flow guide sleeve, a gravel filter layer, or a water-filled heat exchange chamber can be installed on the outer periphery of the condensation section 4.2. An anti-corrosion and waterproof layer 11 is installed at the point where the condensation section 4.2 directly contacts the river water.

[0031] Specifically, the heat pipe anchor 4 adopts a rod structure with an internal cavity and a phase change heat transfer medium, and is improved in combination with the working conditions of the cross-river pipe gallery. It is preferably arranged at the arch top and waist of the shield tunnel to directionally transfer the heat generated by the operation of the GIL pipe gallery 2 to the overlying low-temperature river water area.

[0032] The external geometry of the heat pipe anchor 4 can be set with reference to conventional anchors. A closed cavity extending along the axial direction is set inside the rod body. A steam channel is formed in the closed cavity and filled with heat transfer medium 8. A capillary reflux structure 9 can be set on the inner wall or center of the cavity to ensure that the condensate can be stably refluxed under different installation angles.

[0033] The capillary reflux structure 9 is essentially a coaxial heat pipe structure combining a continuous porous capillary core with a central steam chamber. The heat pipe anchor 4 can be understood from the outside in as follows: Steel anchor wall: providing anchoring, support, and external heat transfer functions, resembling a conventional anchor. Capillary core: a continuous porous medium attached to the inner wall of the anchor. Its pores are filled with liquid working fluid, relying on capillary pressure generated by the pores to draw the condensate back to the evaporation section. Central steam chamber: located near the anchor axis, serving as a channel for rapid steam flow. Steam flows from the high-temperature evaporation section to the low-temperature condensation section.

[0034] The heat pipe anchor 4 comprises, from bottom to top, an evaporation section 4.1, an insulation section 4.3, and a condensation section 4.2. The evaporation section 4.1 is located within the GIL tunnel 2 and is thermally connected to the steel pipe segment heat-conducting layer 5. Specifically, the lower evaporation section 4.1 of the heat pipe anchor 4 passes through the installation hole or grouting hole 6 and is thermally connected to the steel pipe segment heat-conducting layer 5, forming a stable heat conduction path between the evaporation section 4.1 and the steel pipe segment heat-conducting layer 5. The insulation section 4.3 traverses the lining 1 and intermediate overburden layer of the cross-river shield tunnel to suppress heat dissipation from non-target areas. The condensation section 4.2 extends upwards to the saturated soil layer at the riverbed edge, the near-water layer, or the external heat exchange zone 7 in contact with river water, to exchange heat with the lower-temperature external medium. Figure 2 As shown, an insulation covering layer 10 can be provided on the outer side of the insulation section 4.3 (the part in contact with the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel) to reduce heat loss in the lining and non-target heat exchange zone; the anti-corrosion and waterproof layer 11 is only provided at the end of the heat pipe anchor 4 that is in direct contact with the river water to meet the durability requirements in the cross-river environment.

[0035] Preferably, the heat pipe anchors 4 are arranged in single or multiple rows at intervals along the circumference of the shield tunnel arch, that is, the heat pipe anchors 4 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the shield tunnel arch, and preferably, additional anchors are added along the axial direction of the shield tunnel. The heat pipe anchors 4 extend upward and outward at an angle to the radial direction of the tunnel, so that the condensation sections 4.2 of adjacent heat pipe anchors 4 are distributed within different elevation ranges. The number, spacing, length, and inclination angle of the heat pipe anchors 4 can be determined according to the heat generation of the GIL, burial depth, lining thickness, riverbed cover thickness, and overlying water level conditions; in sections with high GIL heat generation, the heat pipe anchors 4 can be arranged more densely, and in sections with low temperature rise, the number can be reduced.

[0036] Preferably, the steel tube heat-conducting layer 5 is located inside the GIL tube gallery 2 near the heating area, serving to collect heat released from the air inside the gallery, the equipment casing, and local high-temperature areas, and then conduct the heat to the evaporation section 4.1 of the heat pipe anchor 4. The heat pipe anchor 4 can be directly welded to the steel tube heat-conducting layer 5, threaded, or connected through a metal connector, and can have threads or roughened structures on its outer surface to balance heat transfer and anchoring requirements.

[0037] During operation, after the GIL line generates heat, the heat is transferred from the GIL equipment, the air in the pipe gallery, and the inner surface of the lining to the evaporation section 4.1 of the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe segment and the heat pipe anchor 4. The heat transfer medium 8 in the evaporation section 4.1 absorbs heat and vaporizes to form steam. The steam rises rapidly along the inside of the heat pipe anchor 4 through the insulation section 4.3 to the condensation section 4.2. After exchanging heat with the river water, the near-water saturated soil layer, or the shallow low-temperature medium of the riverbed, the condensation section 4.2 releases heat and condenses to form a liquid working medium. Under the action of capillary reflux structure 9 or gravity, it flows back to the evaporation section 4.1, thus forming a continuous circulation inside the heat pipe anchor 4 and actively removing the heat from the deep buried section of the GIL pipe gallery 2.

[0038] The ventilation system 3 and heat pipe anchors 4 work together: the ventilation system 3 is responsible for reducing the air temperature inside the tunnel, homogenizing the temperature field, and removing sensible heat; the heat pipe anchors 4 establish a low thermal resistance heat transfer path from the high-temperature core area of ​​the GIL to the external river water cooling source, and perform peak shaving and directional heat dissipation in areas with high heat flux density. The combination of the two reduces the air volume requirement of a single ventilation system and improves the overall thermal stability of the cross-river GIL tunnel. The core equipment of the ventilation system typically uses axial flow fans or mixed flow fans, in conjunction with supply and exhaust air shafts, louvers, air valves, air ducts, sensors, and a linkage control system.

[0039] Preferably, when installing the heat pipe anchor 4, several installation holes are pre-drilled or subsequently opened on the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel. The installation holes can be shared with or adjacent to the grouting holes 6. After the heat pipe anchor 4 is installed, conventional reinforcement and grouting can be carried out in the hole area to restore the overall load-bearing performance of the lining. At the same time, an insulation coating layer 10 is set on the outside of the insulation section 4.3, and an anti-corrosion and waterproof layer 11 is set only at the end of the heat pipe anchor 4 that is in direct contact with the river water.

[0040] Furthermore, to improve heat exchange efficiency, heat dissipation fins, flow guide sleeves, gravel filter layers, or water-filled heat exchange chambers can be installed around the condensing section 4.2 to increase the contact area between the condensing section 4.2 and the surrounding water body or high water content soil layer; a thermally conductive pad, thermally conductive grouting material, or metal connector can be installed between the evaporating section 4.1 and the steel pipe heat-conducting layer 5 to reduce the interfacial contact thermal resistance; the outer periphery of the insulation section 4.3 can be covered with a low thermal conductivity material to reduce heat loss in non-target areas.

[0041] In summary, this application utilizes heat pipe anchors 4 arranged on the outside of the cross-river GIL tunnel and a steel pipe sheet heat-conducting layer 5 installed inside the tunnel. This allows the heat generated during the deep burial of the GIL to be rapidly transferred to the overlying external heat exchange zone via the gas-liquid phase change of the heat transfer medium 8, achieving coupled cooling of phase change heat transfer and tunnel ventilation. While retaining the adaptability of conventional anchor arrangements, this structure shortens the effective heat transfer path and reduces heat loss in intermediate sections through the segmented arrangement of the evaporation section 4.1, the insulation section 4.3, and the condensation section 4.2. Compared with traditional methods that rely solely on lining heat transfer or single ventilation heat dissipation, this structure offers higher heat exchange efficiency and a more compact layout.

[0042] The active cooling method for GIL (Gas Insulated Linear Irrigation System) cross-river utility tunnel structures includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the installation position of the heat pipe anchor 4 in the high heat load zone of the cross-river shield tunnel, and set up installation holes or use existing grouting holes 6 at the corresponding positions of the cross-river shield tunnel lining 1 to install the heat pipe anchor 4.

[0043] Step S2: Install a steel tube sheet heat-conducting layer 5 inside the GIL tube gallery 2, so that it covers the inner lining surface corresponding to the main heat-generating area.

[0044] Step S3: Pass the heat pipe anchor 4 through the lining 1 of the cross-river shield tunnel and extend it into the external soil layer or the heat exchange zone near the river water, ensuring that the evaporation section 4.1 is connected to the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe segment, the insulation section 4.3 is located within the lining and intermediate covering layer, and the condensation section 4.2 is located within the external heat exchange zone 7.

[0045] Step S4: Encapsulate the heat transfer medium 8 inside the heat pipe anchor rod 4 and complete the vacuuming and sealing process. Set the heat insulation coating layer 10 on the outside of the insulation section 4.3, and set the anti-corrosion and waterproof layer 11 only at the end of the condensation section 4.2 that is in direct contact with the river water.

[0046] Step S5: After the GIL generates heat during operation, the heat is transferred from the GIL equipment, the air in the pipe gallery, and the inner surface of the lining to the evaporation section 4.1 of the heat-conducting layer 5 of the steel pipe segment and the heat pipe anchor 4; the heat transfer medium 8 absorbs heat and vaporizes in the evaporation section 4.1 and migrates upward to the condensation section 4.2 via the insulation section 4.3; after exchanging heat with the geothermal medium such as river water or near-water strata in the condensation section 4.2, it releases heat and condenses to form a liquid working medium, which then flows back to the evaporation section 4.1 under the action of capillary reflux structure 9 or gravity, thus completing the circulating heat transfer inside the heat pipe anchor 4; Step S6: The ventilation system 3 operates synchronously to refresh, equalize, and assist in cooling the air inside the GIL tube gallery 2, so as to form a combined cooling mode of phase change heat conduction and ventilation heat exchange.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An active cooling GIL (Gas Insulated Linear Irrigation System) cross-river utility tunnel structure, characterized in that, The GIL cross-river tunnel includes: a cross-river shield tunnel lining (1), a GIL tunnel (2) installed inside the cross-river shield tunnel lining (1), a steel pipe heat-conducting layer (5) installed on the inner wall of the cross-river shield tunnel lining (1); a ventilation system (3) installed in the GIL tunnel (2); and heat pipe anchors (4) evenly installed from the GIL tunnel (2) upward into the riverbed and the external heat exchange zone. The heat pipe anchor (4) includes an evaporation section (4.1), an insulation section (4.3), and a condensation section (4.2) that are integrated from bottom to top, used to directionally transfer the heat generated by the operation of the GIL tunnel (2) to the overlying river water area.

2. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A heat-conducting steel pipe sheet layer (5) is installed in the corresponding heat-generating area of ​​the GIL tube gallery (2); The heat-conducting layer (5) of the steel pipe segment includes heat exchange pipes, which are integrally set with the local reinforcement section or inner lining heat-conducting components of the cross-river shield tunnel lining.

3. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Evaporation section (4.1) is located inside GIL tunnel (2) and is thermally connected to the heat-conducting layer (5) of steel pipe sheet; Insulation section (4.3) passes through the lining (1) of the cross-river shield tunnel and the insulation covering layer (10) of the cross-river shield tunnel lining (1); Condensation section (4.2) extends upward to the saturated soil layer at the edge of the riverbed, the near-water layer or the external heat exchange zone (7) in contact with the river water.

4. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe anchors (4) are arranged radially at intervals along the arch of the shield tunnel, and additionally along the axial direction of the shield tunnel. The heat pipe anchors (4) extend upward and outward at an angle to the radial direction of the tunnel, so that the condensation sections (4.2) of adjacent heat pipe anchors (4) are distributed in different elevation ranges.

5. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe anchor (4) is a hollow rod body, and a heat transfer medium (8) is set inside the rod body; a capillary reflux structure (9) is set on the inner wall of the rod body; a heat-conducting pad, heat-conducting grouting material or metal connector is set between the evaporation section (4.1) and the heat-conducting layer (5) of the steel pipe sheet; a heat-insulating covering layer (10) is set at the part where the insulation section (4.3) contacts the lining (1) of the cross-river shield tunnel; heat dissipation fins, flow guide sleeves, crushed stone filter layer or water-filled heat exchange cavity can be set on the outer periphery of the condensation section (4.2).

6. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A capillary reflux structure (9) is provided on the inner wall of the heat pipe anchor (4); the capillary reflux structure (9) includes: a capillary core, including a continuous porous medium attached to the inner wall of the heat pipe anchor (4); the pores are filled with liquid working fluid, and the condensate is drawn back to the evaporation section by the capillary pressure generated by the pores; the steam flows from the evaporation section to the condensation section through the central steam chamber formed around the axis of the heat pipe anchor (4).

7. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A corrosion-resistant and waterproof layer (11) is installed at the part of the condensation section (4.2) that is in direct contact with the river water.

8. The active cooling GIL cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Heat pipe anchor bolt (4) installation holes are opened on the lining (1) of the cross-river shield tunnel; the installation holes are shared or adjacent to the grouting holes (6); after the heat pipe anchor bolt (4) is installed, the area of ​​the installation hole opening is reinforced and grouted for sealing.

9. A cooling method for an active cooling GIL (Gas Inlet Liquid Crystal) cross-river utility tunnel structure as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The cooling method includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine the installation position of the heat pipe anchor (4) in the high heat load zone of the cross-river shield tunnel, and install the heat pipe anchor (4) at the corresponding position of the cross-river shield tunnel lining (1). Step S2: Install a steel tube sheet heat-conducting layer (5) inside the GIL tube gallery (2) to cover the inner lining surface corresponding to the heat-generating area; Step S3: Pass the heat pipe anchor (4) through the lining (1) of the cross-river shield tunnel and extend it into the external soil layer or the heat exchange zone near the river water. The evaporation section (4.1) is connected to the heat-conducting layer (5) of the steel pipe sheet, the insulation section (4.3) is located within the lining and intermediate cover layer, and the condensation section (4.2) is located within the external heat exchange zone (7). Step S4: Encapsulate the heat transfer medium (8) inside the heat pipe anchor (4) and complete the vacuuming and sealing process; Step S5: After the GIL starts generating heat, the heat transfer medium (8) absorbs heat and vaporizes in the evaporation section (4.1) and migrates upward through the adiabatic section (4.3). After exchanging heat with river water or near-water strata in the condensation section (4.2), it condenses and then flows back to the evaporation section (4.1) under the action of capillary reflux structure (9) or gravity, thus completing the cycle of heat transfer. Step S6: The ventilation system (3) operates synchronously to refresh, equalize, and assist in cooling the air in the GIL tunnel (2) to form a combined cooling mode of phase change heat conduction and ventilation heat exchange.

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