Split type additive hydrostatic linear bearing and gear shaping machine head

Abstract

This invention relates to a split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing and a gear shaper head, designed to address the problem of reduced machining accuracy caused by meshing wear in the gear meshing transmission mechanism of existing gear shapers. The linear bearing comprises a tool holder and a sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is an annular structure formed by several fan-shaped sliding sleeve segments, each with an oil groove on its end face. The sliding sleeve segments are additively manufactured parts. The outer wall of the tool holder has several circumferentially evenly distributed convex plates. The tool holder penetrates the sliding sleeve, and an oil film is formed between the two ends of the convex plates and the corresponding sliding sleeve segments. Under the action of the oil film, the sliding sleeve and the tool holder move synchronously circumferentially. The gear shaper head comprises a linear bearing, a head housing, a sliding sleeve fixing frame, and a magnetic motor. This invention employs split-type, additive, and hydrostatic technologies to ensure the motion accuracy of the tool holder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of linear bearing technology, specifically a split additive hydrostatic linear bearing and a gear shaper head. Background Technology

[0002] When the gear shaping machine is working, the gear shaping cutter makes up-and-down reciprocating motion and has a certain rotational motion in the horizontal plane. The gear shaping cutter is driven to rotate in the horizontal plane by the motor and the gear meshing transmission mechanism. After long-term use, the gear meshing transmission mechanism will experience mechanical wear, which will affect the rotational motion accuracy of the gear shaping cutter in the horizontal plane, and thus affect the gear shaping accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a split additive hydrostatic linear bearing and a gear shaper head to solve the problem of reduced machining accuracy caused by meshing wear of the gear meshing transmission mechanism in existing gear shapers.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a split additive hydrostatic linear bearing, including a tool holder and a sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is an annular structure surrounded by several fan-shaped sliding sleeve petals. The end faces of both ends of the sliding sleeve petals have oil grooves. The sliding sleeve petals are additively manufactured parts. The outer wall of the tool holder has several protrusions evenly distributed along the circumference. The tool holder part with the protrusions penetrates the sliding sleeve. The number of protrusions is the same as the number of sliding sleeve petals. An oil film is formed between the two ends of the protrusions and the corresponding sliding sleeve petals. Under the action of the oil film, the sliding sleeve and the tool holder move synchronously along the circumference.

[0005] Furthermore, the inner layer of the sliding sleeve is made of copper, and the outer layer of the sliding sleeve is made of steel.

[0006] Furthermore, the copper content is 5%-15%, and the steel content is 85%-95%.

[0007] Furthermore, the number of sliding sleeve flaps is 2-6.

[0008] Furthermore, one end face of the sliding sleeve flap has a baffle, which blocks the convex plate from the outside.

[0009] The present invention also provides a gear shaping machine head, including a linear bearing, a machine head housing, a sliding sleeve fixing frame, and a magnetic motor. The magnetic motor is located inside the machine head housing, and the rotor of the magnetic motor is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve fixing frame. The sliding sleeve fixing frame is located around the sliding sleeve of the linear bearing and fixes the sliding sleeve. The cutter bar of the linear bearing passes through the machine head housing. The first end of the cutter bar is connected to the gear shaping cutter, and the second end of the cutter bar is connected to a sliding drive mechanism. The sliding drive mechanism is used to drive the cutter bar to move up and down reciprocally.

[0010] Furthermore, a head end cap is fixed to the top of the head housing, and a head base is provided at the bottom of the head housing.

[0011] Furthermore, the sliding drive mechanism includes an eccentric wheel and a ball-end connecting rod, the upper end of which is connected to the eccentric wheel, and the lower end of which is connected to the second end of the tool holder.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an oil circuit, which is located between the head end cover, the sliding sleeve fixing frame and the sliding sleeve flap, wherein the head end cover and the sliding sleeve fixing frame are supplied with hydrostatic slip ring type oil, and the oil circuit between the sliding sleeve fixing frame and the sliding sleeve flap is directly connected.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The linear bearing of this invention employs hydrostatic technology, achieving synchronous rotation of the sleeve and the tool holder in the horizontal plane without affecting the vertical movement of the tool holder. Furthermore, the frictional force on the vertical movement of the tool holder is very small, and there is no friction between the tool holder and the sleeve in the horizontal plane. This ensures the movement accuracy of the tool holder in both the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby guaranteeing the precision of gear shaping. The linear bearing of this invention adopts a split structure, with the sleeve composed of several sleeve segments, facilitating manufacturing using additive manufacturing methods. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a top view of the linear bearing of the present invention; Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the sliding valve; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding sleeve; Figure 4 This is a 3D diagram of the tool holder; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the gear shaping machine head of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the gear shaping machine head of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Tool holder, 11. Protruding plate, 12. Extension rod, 13. Upper mounting hole, 14. Lower mounting hole, 2. Sliding sleeve flap, 21. Oil groove, 22. Baffle, 3. Head housing, 31. Head end cover, 32. Head base, 4. Sliding sleeve fixing bracket, 5. Magnetic motor, 6. Ball head connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0015] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the linear bearing of the present invention includes a tool holder 1 and a sliding sleeve. The tool holder 1 passes through the sliding sleeve, and the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve are relatively fixed in the circumferential direction and relatively sliding in the axial direction. Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the gear hobbing machine head of the present invention includes a linear bearing, a head housing 3, a head end cover 31, a head base 32, a sliding sleeve fixing frame 4, and a magnetic motor 5. The structure and working principle of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve are arranged inside and outside, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the tool holder 1 has a cylindrical structure, and its outer wall has multiple convex plates 11 evenly arranged circumferentially. In this embodiment of the invention, the number of convex plates 11 is four, but it can also be two or three. The first end of the tool holder 1 has a hollow extension rod 12, and the end of the extension rod 12 facing away from the tool holder 1 has a tapered lower mounting hole 14. The second end of the tool holder 1 has an upper mounting hole 13. When the invention is installed on a gear shaping machine, the upper mounting hole 13 is used to connect the tool holder 1 to the sliding drive mechanism, which drives the tool holder 1 to move up and down reciprocally. The lower mounting hole 14 is used to connect the extension rod 12 of the tool holder 1 to the gear shaping cutter. Currently, common sliding drive mechanisms on gear shaping machines include an eccentric wheel and a ball-head connecting rod 6, which is connected to the upper mounting hole 13.

[0017] like Figure 3 As shown, the sliding sleeve includes four identical sliding sleeve lobes 2, which are arranged in a circular array on the same circumference. The four sliding sleeve lobes 2 form a ring structure, and the four sliding sleeve lobes 2 remain relatively fixed. To ensure that the four sliding sleeve lobes 2 constitute a stable sliding sleeve, as shown... Figure 6 As shown, a sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 can be set around the outer periphery of the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 limits and fastens the four sliding sleeve petals 2 from the outside, binding the four sliding sleeve petals 2 into a whole. The sliding sleeve petals 2 are fan-shaped, with the central angle of each sliding sleeve petal 2 being 90°. After the four sliding sleeve petals 2 are tightly attached together to form the sliding sleeve, a circular hole is formed in the center of the sliding sleeve. Oil grooves 21 are provided on the end faces of both ends of the sliding sleeve petals 2, and a baffle 22 is provided on the end face of one end of the sliding sleeve petal 2. The baffle 22 is used to shield the protruding plate 12 from the outside. The sliding sleeve petals 2 are manufactured using an additive manufacturing method. The outer layer of the sliding sleeve petal 2 is made of steel, and the inner layer of the sliding sleeve petal 2 is made of copper, with steel accounting for 90% and copper accounting for 10%. Designing the sliding sleeve as a multi-petal structure facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the sliding sleeve using an additive manufacturing method. Using copper for the inner layer and steel for the outer layer of the sliding sleeve petals 2 can save the amount of copper used.

[0018] like Figure 1As shown, during use, the tool holder 1 is inserted into the circular hole of the sliding sleeve, and the convex plate 12 extends into the space between two adjacent sliding sleeve segments 2. Oil is introduced into the oil groove 21, and the oil enters the gap between the convex plate 12 and the sliding sleeve segment 2 to form an oil film. The formation of the oil film prevents contact friction between the convex plate 12 and the sliding sleeve segment 2, thus preventing wear and increasing service life. In addition, an oil film is formed on both the left and right sides of each convex plate 12, and the oil pressure at the oil film on both sides is equal. Therefore, the relative position between the convex plate 12 and the sliding sleeve segment 2 remains unchanged in the circumferential direction, that is, the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve remain relatively fixed in the circumferential direction, realizing synchronous movement of the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve in the circumferential direction. Compared with the tooth meshing drive method in the prior art, since there is no wear caused by meshing contact friction, the synchronous movement accuracy of the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve in the circumferential direction can be guaranteed. Furthermore, the presence of the oil film prevents contact friction between the convex plate 12 and the sliding sleeve 2 along the axial direction of the tool holder 1, thus preventing wear between them. The sliding sleeve 2 does not constrain the axial movement of the tool holder 12, thereby ensuring the axial movement accuracy between the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve. In other words, after oil is introduced into the oil groove 21, the presence of the oil film between the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve generates hydrostatic pressure, preventing wear between them and ensuring the relative fixation and synchronous circumferential movement accuracy of the tool holder 1 and the sliding sleeve.

[0019] When the linear bearing of this invention is applied to a gear shaping machine, the extension rod 12 at the lower end of the tool holder 1 is connected to the gear shaping cutter, and the upper end of the tool holder 1 is connected to the sliding drive mechanism. A rotary drive mechanism is provided on the head of the gear shaping machine to drive the sliding sleeve to rotate circumferentially. The sliding drive mechanism drives the tool holder 1 and the gear shaping cutter to move up and down reciprocally, while the rotary drive mechanism drives the sliding sleeve to rotate circumferentially. At this time, the tool holder 1 and the gear shaping cutter rotate synchronously in the circumferential direction to complete the gear shaping process.

[0020] The following describes an embodiment of a gear shaping machine head for the application of the linear bearing of this invention, such as... Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the gear shaper head includes a linear bearing, a head housing 3, a head end cover 31, a head base 32, a sliding sleeve fixing frame 4, a sliding drive mechanism, and a magnetic motor 5. The head end cover 31 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the head housing 3, and the head base 32 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the head housing 3. An extension rod 12 passes through the head base 32, and the lower end of the extension rod 12 extends out of the head base 32. The oil passage for adding oil to the oil tank is located between the head end cover 31, the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4, and the sliding sleeve flap 2. The oil supply between the head end cover 31 and the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 is a hydrostatic slip ring type, and the oil passage between the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 and the sliding sleeve flap 2 is directly connected. The magnetic motor 5 is located inside the head housing 3. The rotor of the magnetic motor 5 is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4. The sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 is located outside the sliding sleeve of the linear bearing, and the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 is in contact with and fixed to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is fixed and limited as a whole through the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4. The inner cavity of the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 is conical, and the outer shape of the sliding sleeve is also conical. This allows the outer shape of the sliding sleeve to match the inner cavity of the sliding sleeve fixing frame, thus providing stable positioning and fixing for the sliding sleeve. When the magnetic motor 5 is working, the rotor of the magnetic motor 5 rotates, which in turn drives the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 to rotate, which in turn drives the sliding sleeve to rotate. The rotation of the sliding sleeve causes the tool holder 1 to rotate synchronously. The lower end of the ball-head connecting rod 6 is connected to the upper end of the tool holder 1, and the upper end of the ball-head connecting rod 6 is hinged to the eccentric wheel. The ball-head connecting rod 6 and the eccentric wheel constitute a sliding drive mechanism. The magnetic motor 5 constitutes a rotary drive mechanism.

[0021] The working principle of the gear shaping machine head is as follows: (1) During gear shaping, the sliding drive mechanism drives the tool bar 1 to move up and down reciprocally. At the same time, the magnetic motor 5 drives the sliding sleeve fixing frame 4 to rotate together with the sliding sleeve. (2) Under the action of continuously supplied oil, static pressure is generated on the left and right sides of the convex plate 11 of the tool bar 1, and then the tool bar 1 rotates synchronously with the sliding sleeve. (3) While the sliding sleeve drives the tool bar 1 to rotate in the horizontal plane, the sliding drive mechanism drives the tool bar 1 to move up and down reciprocally, thereby completing the gear shaping operation.

[0022] The linear bearing of this invention employs hydrostatic technology, enabling synchronous rotation of the sleeve and the tool holder 1 in the horizontal plane without affecting the vertical movement of the tool holder 1. Furthermore, it minimizes friction on the vertical movement of the tool holder 1, resulting in zero friction between the tool holder 1 and the sleeve in the horizontal plane. This ensures the movement accuracy of the tool holder 1 in both the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby guaranteeing the precision of gear shaping. The linear bearing of this invention features a split structure, with the sleeve composed of several sleeve segments, facilitating manufacturing using additive manufacturing methods. The sleeve is manufactured using an additive manufacturing method with an inner copper and outer steel component, reducing steel consumption while maintaining gear shaping precision. Besides its application in gear shaping machines, the linear bearing of this invention can also be used in any other application requiring circumferential rotation and axial reciprocating motion.

Claims

1. A split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing, characterized in that, The device includes a tool holder and a sliding sleeve. The sliding sleeve is an annular structure formed by several fan-shaped sliding sleeve segments. Each end face of the sliding sleeve segment has an oil groove. The sliding sleeve segment is an additively manufactured part. The outer wall of the tool holder has several convex plates evenly distributed circumferentially. The tool holder portion with the convex plates passes through the sliding sleeve. The number of convex plates is the same as the number of sliding sleeve segments. An oil film is formed between the two ends of the convex plates and the corresponding sliding sleeve segments. Under the action of the oil film, the sliding sleeve and the tool holder move synchronously circumferentially.

2. The split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner layer of the sliding sleeve is made of copper, and the outer layer of the sliding sleeve is made of steel.

3. The split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The copper content is 5%-15%, and the steel content is 85%-95%.

4. The split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing and gear shaper head according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of sliding flaps is 2-6.

5. The split-type additive hydrostatic linear bearing according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the sliding sleeve has a baffle plate on its end face, which blocks the convex plate from the outside.

6. A gear shaping machine head comprising the split additive hydrostatic linear bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device includes a head housing, a sliding sleeve fixing frame, and a magnetic motor. The magnetic motor is located inside the head housing, and its rotor is fixedly connected to the sliding sleeve fixing frame. The sliding sleeve fixing frame is located around the sliding sleeve of the linear bearing and fixes the sliding sleeve. The cutter bar of the linear bearing passes through the head housing. The first end of the cutter bar is connected to a gear shaping cutter, and the second end of the cutter bar is connected to a sliding drive mechanism. The sliding drive mechanism is used to drive the cutter bar to move up and down reciprocally.

7. The gear shaping machine head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the head housing is fixed with a head end cap, and the bottom of the head housing has a head base.

8. The gear shaping machine head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sliding drive mechanism includes an eccentric wheel and a ball joint connecting rod. The upper end of the ball joint connecting rod is connected to the eccentric wheel, and the lower end of the ball joint connecting rod is connected to the second end of the tool holder.

9. The gear shaping machine head according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an oil circuit, which is located between the head end cover, the sliding sleeve fixing frame and the sliding sleeve flap. The oil supply between the head end cover and the sliding sleeve fixing frame is a hydrostatic slip ring type, and the oil circuit between the sliding sleeve fixing frame and the sliding sleeve flap is directly connected.

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