Self-heating heat-insulating armored thermal protection structure and heating control method

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of temperature control devices, and discloses a self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure and a heating control method. The protective structure includes a heating layer covering the outer surface of the bottle structure; a heat-insulating layer covering the outer surface of the heating layer; an armored layer covering the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer; a heating device connected to the heating layer; a first temperature sensor disposed between the heating layer and the bottle structure; and a pressure sensor disposed between the heating layer and the bottle structure. The heating device is configured to operate a matching working mode based on acquired pressure and / or temperature information. The working mode includes a first working mode, in which the heating device operates at a first heating power when the pressure inside the bottle structure is lower than a set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than a first temperature threshold. This achieves active, precise, and low-energy-consumption compensation for low-temperature pressure attenuation, enabling the bottle to stably maintain the required pressure output in a full temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of temperature control devices, specifically relating to a self-heating heat-insulating armored thermal protection structure and a heating control method. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure gas cylinders are commonly used as a gas source in fields such as industrial pneumatic systems, gas storage devices for new energy vehicles, and power supply for outdoor equipment. Changes in ambient temperature, especially in low-temperature environments, can cause a significant drop in gas pressure inside the cylinder, thereby affecting the operational stability and output accuracy of downstream actuators (such as cylinders and valves).

[0003] To mitigate pressure drop caused by low temperatures, existing technologies typically employ the following methods: First, wrap the gas cylinder with passive insulation materials (such as rock wool or polyurethane foam) to slow down heat loss; second, pre-fill the gas cylinder with gas at a pressure higher than the normal operating pressure based on the ambient temperature, so that the pressure drops back to near the target value at low temperatures; third, wrap electric heating tape or heat tracing cable around the surface of the gas cylinder to maintain the gas temperature through continuous electric heating.

[0004] However, passive insulation can only delay cooling but cannot fundamentally prevent pressure drop, and the insulation layer is thick and heavy; pre-filling high-pressure gas requires the gas cylinder and pipeline to be structurally designed according to higher extreme pressures, resulting in redundant system weight, increased volume, and increased manufacturing costs, and the filling operation relies on ambient temperature measurement and empirical calculation, which has low accuracy and poor adaptability; continuous heating method has extremely high energy consumption and is not suitable for mobile devices or battery-powered scenarios, and the heating element is prone to aging and failure after long-term operation, and lacks a safety protection mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a self-heating insulated armored thermal protection structure and heating control method to solve the technical problems that passive insulation cannot fundamentally prevent pressure drop, and that the insulation layer is thick and heavy.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure for covering the outer surface of a bottle structure with a set pressure inside. The protective structure includes: A heating layer, which covers the outer surface of the bottle structure; A thermal insulation layer, which covers the outer surface of the heating layer; An armor layer, which covers the outer surface of the insulation layer; A heating device, wherein the heating device is connected to the heating layer; A first temperature sensor is located between the heating layer and the bottle structure, and is used to collect temperature information of the outer wall of the bottle. A pressure sensor is located between the heating layer and the bottle structure, and is used to collect pressure information within the bottle structure; The heating device is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor respectively, and is configured to operate in a matching working mode based on the acquired pressure and temperature information. The working mode includes a first working mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure is lower than the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the heating device operates at the first heating power.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the operating mode further includes a second operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure reaches the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, the heating device operates intermittently with a second heating power; wherein the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold, and the second heating power is less than the first heating power.

[0008] In a possible implementation, a second temperature sensor is provided between the insulation layer and the armor layer. The second temperature sensor is used to collect temperature information between the insulation layer and the armor layer. The heating device is also electrically connected to the second temperature sensor. The operating mode also includes a third operating mode, which is: The heating device stops heating when the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold, or when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor exceeds the fourth temperature threshold; wherein the third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the operating mode further includes a fourth operating mode, which is: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the bottle structure exceeds a set rate threshold, and before the pressure inside the bottle structure has fallen below the set pressure, the heating device preheats at the first heating power.

[0010] In a possible implementation, a first adhesive structure is provided between the heating layer and the insulation layer, and a second adhesive structure is provided between the insulation layer and the armor layer.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the fourth temperature threshold is lower than the melting point of the second adhesive structure.

[0012] Secondly, this application also provides a heating control method applied to the heating device of the above-mentioned self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure, wherein the protective structure further includes a heating layer, a heat-insulating layer, an armored layer, a first temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor; the method includes: Based on the pressure information collected by the pressure sensor and the temperature information collected by the first temperature sensor, a matching operating mode is executed. The operating mode includes a first operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure is lower than the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the heating device operates at the first heating power.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the operating mode further includes a second operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure reaches the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, the heating device operates intermittently with a second heating power; wherein the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold, and the second heating power is less than the first heating power.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the operating mode further includes a third operating mode, which is: The heating device stops heating when the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold; or when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor located between the insulation layer and the armor layer exceeds the fourth temperature threshold; wherein the third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the operating mode further includes a fourth operating mode, which is: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the bottle structure exceeds a set rate threshold, and before the pressure inside the bottle structure has fallen below the set pressure, the heating device preheats at the first heating power.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: This application firstly ensures the shortest heat conduction path between the heating source and the bottle by directly covering the heating layer onto the outer surface of the bottle, allowing the heat from electrothermal conversion to be transferred to the gas inside the bottle with minimal loss. Secondly, the insulation layer, covering the outer surface of the heating layer, significantly suppresses heat loss from the heating layer due to its low thermal conductivity, forcing more heat to flow inwards into the bottle, thereby improving heating efficiency at the same heating power and creating conditions for low-energy active temperature control. Thirdly, the armor layer, covering the outer surface of the insulation layer, not only acts as the outermost layer to withstand mechanical loads such as external impacts, vibrations, and wear, protecting the integrity of the internal layers, but also shares the circumferential stress generated by the internal pressure of the bottle, enhancing the durability and safety of the overall structure. Simultaneously, both the first temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are located within the heating layer. The sensor is positioned close to the outer wall of the bottle, allowing it to capture dynamic changes in temperature and pressure most quickly and accurately. This avoids measurement lag and errors caused by distance or intermediate media, providing reliable input for precise control. Furthermore, the heating device is electrically connected to the temperature and pressure sensors and operates in a first working mode based on the acquired pressure and / or temperature information. This mode ensures that heating is only initiated with the first heating power under the specific condition of "insufficient pressure due to low temperature," thus eliminating false heating caused by gas leaks, insufficient initial pressurization, or other reasons, and improving control safety and energy efficiency. Finally, these features work together to achieve proactive, precise, and low-energy compensation for low-temperature pressure decay, enabling the bottle to stably maintain the required pressure output in a full temperature environment. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view along direction AA of a self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Icons: 1. Bottle structure; 2. Heating layer; 3. Insulation layer; 4. Armor layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure for covering the outer surface of a cylinder structure 1 with a set internal pressure. Exemplarily, the cylinder structure 1 is a high-pressure gas cylinder, such as those used in industrial automation equipment, new energy vehicles, special engineering machinery, or cryogenic storage and transportation equipment. It is filled with high-pressure gas (such as nitrogen, compressed air, or inert gas), and the set pressure under standard conditions (25°C) is 18 MPa. This pressure is the reference pressure to ensure that downstream actuators (such as cylinders, valves, and injection devices) obtain the required driving force. The protective structure, from the inside out, includes: a heating layer 2, a heat insulation layer 3, and an armored layer 4. The heating layer 2 directly covers the outer surface of the gas cylinder, the heat insulation layer 3 covers the outer surface of the heating layer 2, and the armored layer 4 covers the outer surface of the heat insulation layer 3. The layers are bonded or mechanically fixed to form an integrated laminated structure.

[0021] In this embodiment, heating layer 2 is a graphene heating film. Graphene has extremely high thermal conductivity (approximately 5000 W / (m·K)) and good electrothermal conversion efficiency (close to 100%), enabling it to generate uniform surface heating under low power input. Specifically, the graphene heating film consists of a graphene conductive layer encapsulated in a polyimide film, with a total thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm. Polyimide, as the encapsulation material, provides excellent electrical insulation, high temperature resistance, and flexibility, allowing heating layer 2 to fit tightly against the cylindrical or spherical outer surface of the gas cylinder.

[0022] In this embodiment, the insulation layer 3 uses a flexible ceramic insulation material, specifically an aerogel composite ceramic fiber felt. Aerogel is the solid material with the lowest known thermal conductivity (as low as 0.015 W / (m·K) at room temperature), but pure aerogel is brittle and prone to powdering. By combining aerogel with ceramic fiber, both low thermal conductivity and good flexibility and compressive strength are achieved. For example, the flexible ceramic insulation layer 3 in this embodiment has a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.035 W / (m·K), stable performance within a temperature range of -55℃ to +70℃, and a compression resilience of ≥90% (tested at 50% compression), which can adapt to the slight expansion of the gas cylinder during use and the assembly pressure of the external armor layer 4.

[0023] The thickness of the insulation layer 3 is determined based on thermodynamic calculations, and is made as thin as possible while still meeting the insulation requirements. In this embodiment, the thickness of the insulation layer 3 is 3mm to 5mm, and the total thickness after being superimposed with the heating layer 2 and the armor layer 4 is controlled within 8mm, which has little impact on the original shape of the gas cylinder and facilitates its arrangement in limited spaces (such as equipment compartments, vehicle chassis, and outdoor cabinets).

[0024] In this embodiment, the armor layer 4 is made of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material. Carbon fiber has high specific strength, which can provide excellent mechanical protection while significantly reducing weight. In this embodiment, the carbon fiber armor layer 4 is prepared by a wet winding molding process: after impregnating carbon fiber with epoxy resin, it is wound onto the outer surface of the insulation layer 3 according to a preset layup angle, and then heated and cured to form a hard outer shell. This armor layer 4 can not only withstand the circumferential stress generated by the maximum pressure of 21 MPa inside the gas cylinder, but also resist vibration loads and accidental impacts in the industrial environment. At the same time, by utilizing the lightweight properties of carbon fiber, the additional weight of the entire thermal protection structure can be reduced.

[0025] A first temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are installed between the heating layer 2 and the outer surface of the gas cylinder. Specifically, at a predetermined location on the outer wall of the gas cylinder (e.g., in the middle of the cylinder body), the first temperature sensor (e.g., a patch-type platinum resistance thermometer PT1000 or a thermocouple) and the pressure sensor (e.g., a miniature strain gauge pressure sensor or a thin-film pressure sensor) are attached to the outer wall. The first temperature sensor measures the temperature of the outer wall. The heating layer 2 is then placed on top of the first temperature sensor. A clearance window can be provided at the corresponding sensor location on the heating layer 2, or the sensor can be embedded inside the heating layer 2. The sensor signal line is led out along the surface of the gas cylinder and connected to the control module of the heating device. The first temperature sensor is used to collect the temperature inside the gas cylinder in real time, and the pressure sensor directly measures the gas pressure inside the gas cylinder. It should be noted that although the first temperature sensor collects the temperature of the outer wall of the gas cylinder, rather than the internal gas temperature, according to the theory of heat conduction, under the conditions of a relatively thin metal gas cylinder wall (≤5mm) and a high thermal conductivity (≥150 W / (m·K)), the steady-state difference between the outer wall temperature and the internal gas temperature does not exceed 2℃~5℃, and the two have a clear monotonic correspondence. Therefore, by using the outer wall temperature as a control parameter, combined with feedback from the pressure sensor, the pressure maintenance target required by this invention can be achieved.

[0026] A second temperature sensor is disposed between the insulation layer 3 and the armor layer 4. For example, a shallow groove is formed on the outer surface of the insulation layer 3, the second temperature sensor (e.g., an NTC thermistor) is embedded in the groove, and then the armor layer 4 is placed over it. The second temperature sensor is used to collect the interface temperature between the insulation layer 3 and the armor layer 4, i.e., the internal ambient temperature of the protective structure. This temperature reflects the thermal condition of the outer side of the insulation layer 3, and can monitor whether the insulation layer 3 has failed, whether the adhesive has overheated, and prevent the aging of the armor layer 4 material.

[0027] In this embodiment, the heating layer 2 is electrically connected to an external heating device (not shown in the figure) via leads. The heating device includes a power supply module and a control module. For example, the power supply module is powered by a 28V DC power supply (e.g., a vehicle battery or industrial power supply), and the control module is responsible for deciding on the start / stop and power of heating based on sensor signals.

[0028] In addition, the control module has four preset operating modes: Mode 1 (Main Control Heating), Mode 2 (Heat Maintenance), Mode 3 (Overheat Protection), and Mode 4 (Rapid Response Preheating). Mode 1 is used for main control heating, Mode 2 for heat maintenance, Mode 3 for overheat protection, and Mode 4 for rapid response preheating. The heating device operates according to the matched operating mode based on the obtained pressure and / or temperature information, thus adapting to heating operations under different conditions. The triggering conditions, action process, and coordination logic between modes are illustrated below with specific numerical examples: For ease of description, the following typical values ​​are set: the set pressure of bottle structure 1, Pset = 18 MPa (rated working pressure under standard conditions), the first temperature threshold T1 = -20℃, the second temperature threshold T2 = 0℃, the third temperature threshold T3 = 80℃, the fourth temperature threshold T4 = 70℃ (near the glass transition temperature of the silicone used in the second adhesive structure; above this temperature, the adhesive will soften and creep), the pressure drop rate threshold is 0.5 MPa / s, the first heating power P1 = 20 W (maximum power), and the second heating power P2 = 5 W (maintenance power).

[0029] First working mode: When the pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure of the bottle is lower than the set pressure Pset (18MPa) and the external wall temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is lower than the first temperature threshold T1 (-20℃), the heating device continuously supplies power to the heating layer 2 with the first heating power P1 (20W). The graphene heating film heats up rapidly, and the heat is transferred to the internal gas through the gas bottle wall, causing the gas temperature to rise and the pressure to rise accordingly. When the pressure rises back to above Pset, or the internal temperature of the bottle rises to above T2 (0℃) (meaning that the pressure has likely recovered), the heating device stops the first working mode and may switch to the second working mode or stop completely.

[0030] Second operating mode: When the pressure has reached or exceeded Pset (18MPa), but the internal temperature of the cylinder is below the second temperature threshold T2 (0℃), although the pressure meets the standard, the overall temperature of the cylinder is still too low. If heating is stopped immediately, the cylinder will cool down quickly due to heat dissipation, causing the pressure to drop below the threshold again, resulting in frequent start-stop cycles. The heating device operates intermittently with the second heating power P2 (5W), for example, using a pulse power supply with a 50% duty cycle (heating for 1 second, stopping for 1 second), or using PID adjustment based on the temperature deviation to ensure that the heating power exactly compensates for the steady-state heat loss of the insulation layer 3. Since the second heating power is much smaller than the first heating power, energy consumption is significantly reduced. When the outer wall temperature rises above T2 (0℃), heating stops. The cylinder then enters a natural cooling phase until the pressure falls below Pset again or the temperature drops below T1, at which point the first operating mode is restarted.

[0031] Furthermore, because T2 is higher than T1, after heating stops in the second operating mode, it takes a relatively long time (e.g., 15 minutes) for the gas cylinder to cool naturally from 0°C to -20°C. However, if T2 = T1 = -20°C, heating stops immediately after the pressure is reached, and the gas cylinder will quickly (e.g., 3 minutes) drop below -20°C and restart in the first operating mode, causing frequent start-stop cycles of the heating device and affecting the lifespan of power devices. Therefore, T2 > T1 creates a hysteresis range, greatly extending the heating interval and achieving a balance between energy saving and stability.

[0032] The third operating mode is triggered when either of the following conditions is met: the outer wall temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold T3 (80°C), or the interface temperature between the insulation layer 3 and the armor layer 4 detected by the second temperature sensor exceeds the fourth temperature threshold T4 (70°C). At this time, the heating device immediately stops heating until the temperature drops to a safe range (e.g., the outer wall temperature drops below 60°C and the interface temperature drops below 50°C), at which point it automatically unlocks. Simultaneously, the heating device can send an overheat alarm signal to the system controller.

[0033] Fourth operating mode: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the cylinder exceeds the set threshold, and the pressure is not yet below the set pressure Pset (18MPa), the heating device immediately starts preheating at the first heating power P1 (20W) to preheat the cylinder and curb the pressure drop, preventing the pressure from falling below the threshold. When the rate of pressure drop drops below half of the threshold, or the pressure begins to rise, the fourth operating mode is exited, and the cylinder switches to the first or second operating mode depending on the current pressure and temperature.

[0034] In this embodiment, a first adhesive structure is provided between the heating layer 2 and the insulation layer 3 to increase the connection strength between them. This first adhesive structure is used to fix the insulation layer 3 to the outer surface of the heating layer 2, while ensuring that heat can be effectively transferred from the heating layer 2 to the gas cylinder (part of the heat generated by the heating layer 2 is transferred inward to the gas cylinder, and the other part is blocked outward by the insulation layer 3). To improve the reliability of the bonding and the heat conduction efficiency, this embodiment adopts a dotted discontinuous adhesive application method. Specifically, high-temperature resistant epoxy resin adhesive is used to form a circular adhesive dot array with a diameter of 2 mm and a spacing of 8 mm on the outer surface of the heating layer 2 through screen printing or dispensing equipment, with an adhesive dot coverage of approximately 5% to 10%. This allows for slight relative slippage between the heating layer 2 and the insulation layer 3 in the circumferential and axial directions, thereby releasing the pressure caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients and preventing cracking or delamination of the adhesive layer.

[0035] In this embodiment, a second adhesive structure is provided between the insulation layer 3 and the armor layer 4. This adhesive structure needs to withstand significant mechanical loads (such as vibration, impact, and gas cylinder expansion pressure), while also accommodating the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the armor layer 4 and the insulation layer 3. In this embodiment, the second adhesive structure employs a combination of continuous adhesive application and mechanically assisted fixing, specifically as follows: First, a layer of high-temperature resistant silicone rubber is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the insulation layer 3, with a thickness of 0.3mm to 0.5mm. This full-surface coating ensures sufficient bonding area between the armor layer 4 and the insulation layer 3, thereby resisting circumferential and axial shear forces. Second, after the armor layer 4 has cured, two circumferential clamping bands (such as stainless steel or carbon fiber woven bands) are wrapped around its outer surface. These bands apply radial preload, pressing the armor layer 4 firmly onto the insulation layer 3, thus ensuring that the armor layer 4 will not detach from the insulation layer 3 even under extreme temperature cycling and vibration conditions.

[0036] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment also provides a heating control method. This method is applied to the heating device of the above-mentioned self-heating heat-insulating armored thermal protection structure. The control module has four preset working modes, of which the first working mode is used for main control heating, the second working mode is used for heat preservation, the third working mode is used for overheat protection, and the fourth working mode is used for rapid response preheating. The heating device operates the matching working mode based on the obtained pressure information and / or temperature information, thereby adapting to heating operations under different working conditions.

[0037] First working mode: When the pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure of the bottle is lower than the set pressure Pset (18MPa) and the external wall temperature detected by the first temperature sensor is lower than the first temperature threshold T1 (-20℃), the heating device continuously supplies power to the heating layer 2 with the first heating power P1 (20W). The graphene heating film heats up rapidly, and the heat is transferred to the internal gas through the gas bottle wall, causing the gas temperature to rise and the pressure to rise accordingly. When the pressure rises back to above Pset, or the internal temperature of the bottle rises to above T2 (0℃) (meaning that the pressure has likely recovered), the heating device stops the first working mode and may switch to the second working mode or stop completely.

[0038] Second operating mode: When the pressure has reached or exceeded Pset (18MPa), but the internal temperature of the cylinder is below the second temperature threshold T2 (0℃), although the pressure meets the standard, the overall temperature of the cylinder is still too low. If heating is stopped immediately, the cylinder will cool down quickly due to heat dissipation, causing the pressure to drop below the threshold again, resulting in frequent start-stop cycles. The heating device operates intermittently with the second heating power P2 (5W), for example, using a pulse power supply with a 50% duty cycle (heating for 1 second, stopping for 1 second), or using PID adjustment based on the temperature deviation to ensure that the heating power exactly compensates for the steady-state heat loss of the insulation layer 3. Since the second heating power is much smaller than the first heating power, energy consumption is significantly reduced. When the outer wall temperature rises above T2 (0℃), heating stops. The cylinder then enters a natural cooling phase until the pressure falls below Pset again or the temperature drops below T1, at which point the first operating mode is restarted.

[0039] The third operating mode is triggered when either of the following conditions is met: the outer wall temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold T3 (80°C), or the interface temperature between the insulation layer 3 and the armor layer 4 detected by the second temperature sensor exceeds the fourth temperature threshold T4 (70°C). At this time, the heating device immediately stops heating until the temperature drops to a safe range (e.g., the outer wall temperature drops below 60°C and the interface temperature drops below 50°C), at which point it automatically unlocks. Simultaneously, the heating device can send an overheat alarm signal to the system controller.

[0040] Fourth operating mode: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the cylinder exceeds the set threshold, and the pressure is not yet below the set pressure Pset (18MPa), the heating device immediately starts preheating at the first heating power P1 (20W) to preheat the cylinder and curb the pressure drop, preventing the pressure from falling below the threshold. When the rate of pressure drop drops below half of the threshold, or the pressure begins to rise, the fourth operating mode is exited, and the cylinder switches to the first or second operating mode depending on the current pressure and temperature.

[0041] Specific examples in this embodiment can be found in the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0042] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0045] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways, and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-heating, thermally insulated, armoured thermal protection structure, characterised in that, The protective structure is used to cover the outer surface of a bottle structure with a set pressure inside, and includes: A heating layer, which covers the outer surface of the bottle structure; A thermal insulation layer, which covers the outer surface of the heating layer; An armor layer, which covers the outer surface of the insulation layer; A heating device, wherein the heating device is connected to the heating layer; A first temperature sensor is located between the heating layer and the bottle structure, and is used to collect temperature information of the outer wall of the bottle. A pressure sensor is located between the heating layer and the bottle structure, and is used to collect pressure information within the bottle structure; The heating device is electrically connected to the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor respectively, and is configured to operate in a matching working mode based on the acquired pressure and temperature information. The working mode includes a first working mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure is lower than the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the heating device operates at the first heating power.

2. The self-heating, heat-insulating armoured thermal protection structure according to claim 1, characterised in that, The operating mode also includes a second operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure reaches the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, the heating device operates intermittently with a second heating power; wherein the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold, and the second heating power is less than the first heating power.

3. The self-heating, heat-insulating armoured thermal protection structure according to claim 2, characterised in that, A second temperature sensor is provided between the insulation layer and the armor layer. The second temperature sensor is used to collect temperature information between the insulation layer and the armor layer. The heating device is also electrically connected to the second temperature sensor. The operating mode also includes a third operating mode, which is: When the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold, or the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor exceeds the fourth temperature threshold, the heating device stops heating. The third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.

4. The self-heating, heat-insulating armoured thermal protection structure according to claim 1, characterised in that, The operating mode also includes a fourth operating mode, which is: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the bottle structure exceeds a set rate threshold, and before the pressure inside the bottle structure has fallen below the set pressure, the heating device preheats at the first heating power.

5. The self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first adhesive structure is provided between the heating layer and the insulation layer, and a second adhesive structure is provided between the insulation layer and the armor layer.

6. The self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fourth temperature threshold is lower than the melting point of the second adhesive structure.

7. A heating control method, characterized in that, A heating device applied to the self-heating, heat-insulating, armored thermal protection structure as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the protective structure further includes a heating layer, a heat-insulating layer, an armored layer, a first temperature sensor, and a pressure sensor; the method includes: Based on the pressure information collected by the pressure sensor and the temperature information collected by the first temperature sensor, a matching operating mode is executed. The operating mode includes a first operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure is lower than the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the heating device operates at the first heating power.

8. The heating control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating mode also includes a second operating mode, which is: When the pressure inside the bottle structure reaches the set pressure and the internal temperature is lower than the second temperature threshold, the heating device operates intermittently with a second heating power; wherein the second temperature threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold, and the second heating power is less than the first heating power.

9. The heating control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating mode also includes a third operating mode, which is: When the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor exceeds the third temperature threshold; or when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor located between the insulation layer and the armor layer exceeds the fourth temperature threshold, the heating device stops heating. The third temperature threshold is greater than the second temperature threshold.

10. The heating control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operating mode also includes a fourth operating mode, which is: When the pressure sensor detects that the rate of pressure drop inside the bottle structure exceeds a set rate threshold, and before the pressure inside the bottle structure has fallen below the set pressure, the heating device preheats at the first heating power.

Images