A lunar base energy system and method based on cold energy day release night storage cycle

Abstract

This invention proposes a lunar base energy system and method based on a cold energy release-storage cycle during the day and storage at night. It addresses the problems of low radiative heat dissipation efficiency of radiators during lunar noon and low energy utilization under the extremely low temperatures of the lunar night. It includes a solar collector, a transmission pipeline, a heat exchanger, and a heat storage tank. The solar collector, transmission pipeline, and heat exchanger are connected on one side and on the other side to the heat storage tank. The other side of the heat exchanger is also connected to the solar collector. It also includes a turbine, a Stirling engine, a radiator, a compressor, and a motor. The heat exchanger, turbine, the hot end of the Stirling engine, the radiator, and the compressor are sequentially connected in a closed loop. The turbine is connected to both the radiator and the motor. A second pipeline connects the radiator and the compressor. The compressor is connected to the hot end of the Stirling engine, and the Stirling engine is connected to the heat exchanger. It is primarily used to improve the energy utilization rate and system reliability of the lunar base energy system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lunar in-situ resource utilization and power generation technology, and in particular to a lunar base energy system and method based on a cold energy day-to-night cycle of release and storage. Background Technology

[0002] Establishing a long-term manned lunar base requires a robust energy system, which serves as the base's lifeline. This system not only demands a continuous and stable power supply but also faces extremely stringent thermal management challenges. The lunar surface environment presents a dual challenge to energy system design: First, there are the challenges of extreme diurnal temperature variations (approximately 90-400K) and long-term operation. A lunar day lasts about 28 Earth days, with the lunar night lasting about 14 days, during which there is a complete lack of solar energy input and the ambient temperature drops to around 100K. Traditional "solar cell + battery" solutions have low energy density and huge mass, making it difficult to meet the baseload requirements of a lunar base for extended periods. Therefore, thermal power generation systems based on closed Brayton or Stirling cycles have become a major research direction for lunar-based energy due to their high power density and thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] Secondly, there is the bottleneck of heat dissipation during lunar noon. At lunar noon, the surface temperature can reach around 400K due to direct sunlight. At this time, the radiant heat sink of the thermal propulsion system faces extremely high external heat sink temperatures, causing a sharp drop in heat dissipation efficiency. In order to remove the residual heat from the circulation, traditional solutions have to significantly increase the area and mass of the radiator, which directly limits the payload of the space launch vehicle.

[0004] Currently, most existing lunar energy systems treat power generation and cooling as independent units, lacking comprehensive utilization of the extreme temperature differences between lunar day and night. Although some studies have proposed using lunar regolith heat storage to solve the problem of power generation during the lunar night, there are still technological gaps in how to utilize the extremely low temperatures of the lunar night for cold energy storage and apply it to auxiliary heat dissipation in the high heat sink environment of the lunar noon.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an energy system that integrates thermal storage, cold storage, and combined power generation. Through the cycle logic of releasing cold energy during the day and storing it at night, it can achieve efficient power generation during the lunar night while storing cold energy, and release cold energy during the lunar day to assist in heat dissipation and improve the combined cycle efficiency, thereby significantly reducing the size of the radiator and improving the energy utilization rate and system reliability of the lunar base. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Against this backdrop, this invention proposes a lunar base energy system and method based on a cold energy release-storage cycle during the day and cooling cycle at night. The aim is to overcome the challenges of radiative heat dissipation under the high temperatures of the lunar polar day and the long-term continuous energy supply during the lunar night by coupling thermal and cold energy in the space and time. This invention breaks through the constraints of traditional lunar energy systems where power generation and thermal management are independent, and the heat dissipation area increases significantly with the drastic fluctuations in heat sink temperature. By switching the operation of a Stirling engine in both directions during the lunar day and night, an active thermal management system of "lunar night cooling and cold storage, lunar day cooling assisted" is constructed.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy day-to-night cycle of release and storage, comprising a thermal storage system, a core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system, and a cold storage system; The heat storage system includes a collector, a conveying pipeline, a heat exchanger, and a heat storage unit. The heat flow channels of the collector, the conveying pipeline, and the heat exchanger are connected on one side and connected to the heat storage unit on the other side, and are respectively equipped with valve one, valve two, and valve three. The other side of the heat flow channel of the heat exchanger is also connected to the collector, and valve four is provided on the pipeline between the two. The core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system includes a turbine, a Stirling engine, a radiator, a compressor, and a motor. The cold flow channel of the heat exchanger, the turbine, the hot end of the Stirling engine, the radiator, and the compressor are sequentially connected in a closed loop. A valve five is installed on the pipe between the turbine and the hot end of the Stirling engine; a valve six is ​​installed on the pipe between the hot end of the Stirling engine and the radiator; a valve seven is installed on the pipe between the radiator and the compressor; and a valve eight is installed on the pipe between the compressor and the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger. The turbine is connected to both the radiator and the motor, and a valve nine is installed on the pipe between the turbine and the radiator. A second pipe connects the radiator and the compressor, and a valve ten is installed on the second pipe. The compressor is connected to the hot end of the Stirling engine, and a valve eleven is installed on the pipe between them. The Stirling engine is connected to the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger, and a valve twelve is installed on the pipe between them. The cold storage system includes a connected heat pipe heat exchange network and a cold storage unit, wherein the heat pipe heat exchange network is connected to the cold end of the Stirling engine.

[0008] Furthermore, the turbine is connected to the hot end of the Stirling engine using a shell-and-tube or tandem finned heat exchange structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the radiator adopts a flexible unfolding structure or a fixed louver structure, and the surface of the radiator is coated with a dustproof optical film.

[0010] Furthermore, the motor is connected to the compressor, and the turbine, motor, and compressor are driven coaxially.

[0011] Furthermore, the working fluid of the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system is a helium-xenon mixture, and the working fluid inside the Stirling engine is helium.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer walls of both the thermal storage unit and the cold storage unit are wrapped with a thermal insulation layer and buried deep in the lunar soil. The thermal insulation layer is composed of multiple layers of thermal insulation components.

[0013] Furthermore, both the thermal storage unit and the cold storage unit use sintered lunar soil as the energy storage material and water vapor as the working fluid, and their operating pressure is below 10 kPa.

[0014] A method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle involves opening valves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 during the lunar day and closing valves 3, 9, 10, 11, and 12. The working fluid in the collector is heated by solar radiation energy. Part of it flows through the pipeline to the heat storage tank for heat exchange, and then circulates back into the collector. The other part is heated through the cold and hot flow channels of the heat exchanger, and then merges with the working fluid at the outlet of the heat storage tank and circulates back into the collector. After the working fluid in the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger is heated by heat exchange, it enters the turbine to expand and do work, outputting electrical energy through the motor. Then it enters the hot end of the Stirling engine. The Stirling engine operates in forward mode to generate electricity, further recovering the heat energy of the working fluid and generating auxiliary electrical energy. After being cooled twice, the working fluid enters the radiator to dissipate heat. Finally, the working fluid enters the compressor to be pressurized and returns to the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger, completing the cycle.

[0015] Furthermore, at midday, when the radiator's radiative heat dissipation efficiency is low, the cold storage unit, through a heat pipe heat exchange network, serves as the main heat sink for the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system, assisting the radiator in dissipating heat.

[0016] A method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle involves opening valves 2, 3, 9, 10, 11, and 12 during the lunar night, and closing valves 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The working fluid is heated by a heat storage tank as a heat source. The working fluid enters the heat exchanger through a conveying pipeline. After heat exchange through the cold and hot channels of the heat exchanger, it is circulated back into the heat storage tank. After the working fluid in the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger is heated by heat exchange, it enters the turbine to expand and do work, outputting electrical energy through the motor. Then it enters the radiator to dissipate heat to the cold deep space background of the lunar night. After being pressurized and heated by the compressor, it enters the hot end of the Stirling heat engine. The Stirling heat engine runs in reverse to the cooling mode, transferring heat from the cold storage unit to the working fluid through the heat pipe heat exchange network, realizing the charging and cooling process of the cold storage unit. Finally, it enters the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger to complete the cycle.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the lunar base energy system and method based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle described in this invention are: 1. During lunar daytime, this invention utilizes the waste heat from the exhaust gas of a closed-loop Brayton cycle to drive a Stirling engine for secondary auxiliary power generation, and uses a cold storage unit to absorb the heat from the Stirling engine for auxiliary heat dissipation, reducing the high dependence of the radiator on ambient temperature and solving the problem of low radiative heat dissipation efficiency of the radiator at lunar noon.

[0018] 2. During lunar nights, this invention drives a closed-loop Brayton cycle to generate electricity via a thermal storage device. A radiator lowers the temperature of the working fluid in the closed-loop Brayton cycle, and then the temperature is increased by a compressor before entering the hot end of a Stirling engine. The Stirling engine switches from a forward-running power generation mode to a reverse-cycle cooling mode, actively charging the cold storage unit. This solves the problem of low energy utilization in the extremely low temperature environment of lunar nights and achieves a high degree of coupling between energy production and thermal management.

[0019] 3. This invention utilizes the extremely low temperature environment of the lunar night for active cold storage and releases cold energy to assist in heat dissipation during the most difficult time of lunar noon. This "spatiotemporal transfer" strategy can smooth out heat dissipation peaks, effectively solve the problem of thermodynamic cycle failure caused by temperature fluctuations in the lunar heat sink, and significantly reduce the design area of ​​the heat dissipation radiator and the total mass of the system.

[0020] 4. This invention utilizes a Stirling engine as a dual-function unit for auxiliary power generation and active cooling, achieving multi-functional power coupling. By using the Stirling engine to output power during lunar daytime and reverse cooling during lunar nighttime, a high degree of integration between the power generation system and the active thermal management system is achieved, breaking through the unidirectional energy supply limitation of the traditional single-cycle mode, and significantly improving the system's energy density, environmental adaptability, and overall energy utilization rate.

[0021] 5. This invention utilizes sintered lunar soil as a high-temperature heat storage medium and a low-temperature cold storage medium, combined with low-pressure steam heat transfer, to solve the problem of the source of large-scale energy storage materials in the lunar environment, and avoids the flow instability of two-phase heat exchange in a low-gravity environment, realizing the comprehensive utilization of in-situ resources, the in-depth development of in-situ resources on the lunar surface, and effectively suppressing the peak heat dissipation at noon.

[0022] 6. This invention achieves cold energy storage through a cold storage system, enabling the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system to maintain a large circulating temperature difference during lunar noon, thus ensuring the continuous, stable, and efficient operation of the system throughout the lunar day and night cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle, as described in this invention. In the diagram: 1-Heat collector; 2-Transportation pipeline; 3-Heat exchanger; 4-Heat storage tank; 5-Turbine; 6-Stirling engine; 7-Radiator; 8-Compressor; 9-Electric motor; 10-Heat pipe heat exchange network; 11-Cold storage unit; 12-Deep lunar soil; A - Valve 1; B - Valve 2; C - Valve 3; D - Valve 4; E - Valve 5; F - Valve 6; G - Valve 7; H - Valve 8; I - Valve 9; J - Valve 10; M - Valve 11; L - Valve 12. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0025] I. Detailed Implementation Method 1, see [link / reference] Figure 1 This embodiment describes a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle, including a thermal storage system, a core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system, and a cold storage system; The heat storage system includes a collector 1, a conveying pipe 2, a heat exchanger 3, and a heat storage unit 4. The heat flow channels of the collector 1, the conveying pipe 2, and the heat exchanger 3 are connected on one side and connected to the heat storage unit 4 on the other side, and are respectively equipped with valve A, valve B, and valve C. The other side of the heat flow channel of the heat exchanger 3 is also connected to the collector 1, and valve D is provided on the pipe between the two. The core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system includes a turbine 5, a Stirling engine 6, a radiator 7, a compressor 8, and a motor 9. The cold flow channel of the heat exchanger 3, the turbine 5, the hot end of the Stirling engine 6, the radiator 7, and the compressor 8 are sequentially connected in a closed loop. A valve E is installed on the pipe between the turbine 5 and the hot end of the Stirling engine 6, a valve F is installed on the pipe between the hot end of the Stirling engine 6 and the radiator 7, and a valve G is installed on the pipe between the radiator 7 and the compressor 8. The compressor 8 is connected to the heat exchanger 3... A valve 8H is provided on the pipe between the cold flow channels. The turbine 5 is connected to the radiator 7 and the motor 9 respectively, and a valve 9I is provided on the pipe between the turbine 5 and the radiator 7. A second pipe is also connected between the radiator 7 and the compressor 8, and a valve 10J is provided on the second pipe. The compressor 8 is connected to the hot end of the Stirling heat engine 6, and a valve 11M is provided on the pipe between the two. The Stirling heat engine 6 is connected to the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger 3, and a valve 12L is provided on the pipe between the two. The cold storage system includes a heat pipe heat exchange network 10 and a cold storage unit 11 connected together. The heat pipe heat exchange network 10 is connected to the cold end of the Stirling engine 6.

[0026] Preferably, the hot end of the Stirling engine 6 is coupled to the exhaust pipe of the turbine 5 and connected by a shell-and-tube or series finned heat exchange structure to maximize the recovery of the exhaust heat energy of the core power generation system.

[0027] Preferably, multiple Stirling engines 6 are connected in parallel to enhance energy conversion capabilities.

[0028] Preferably, the radiator 7 adopts a flexible unfolding structure or a fixed louver structure, and the surface of the radiator 7 is coated with a dustproof optical film with high emissivity and low absorptivity to ensure that it still has passive heat dissipation energy against the deep space background under the high temperature environment of lunar day.

[0029] Preferably, the motor 9 is connected to the compressor 8, and the turbine 5, the motor 9 and the compressor 8 are driven coaxially.

[0030] Preferably, the angle of the V-shaped opening 211 is 150°~160°. This angle can ensure that the circumferential torsional impact force is efficiently converted into axial wedging force, while avoiding excessive impact force that could cause wear on the inclined surface of the V-shaped opening 211.

[0031] Preferably, the circulating working fluid of the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system is a helium-xenon mixture, and the internal working fluid of the Stirling engine 6 is helium.

[0032] Preferably, the outer walls of the heat storage unit 4 and the cold storage unit 11 are both wrapped with a thermal insulation layer and buried in the deep lunar soil 12. The natural thermal insulation properties of the lunar soil are used to reduce the energy dissipation of cold / heat energy during lunar day / night. The thermal insulation layer is composed of multiple thermal insulation components, and the depth of the deep lunar soil 12 is greater than 1m.

[0033] Preferably, both the thermal storage unit 4 and the cold storage unit 11 use sintered lunar soil as the energy storage material and water vapor as the working fluid, and the operating pressure is lower than 10 kPa to avoid the problem of two-phase heat exchange. The thermal storage temperature of the thermal storage unit 4 can reach 800-1000 K.

[0034] For a lunar base, energy supply and thermal regulation are prerequisites for astronauts to remain there. Addressing the extreme conditions of large diurnal temperature variations (approximately 90-400K) and low heat dissipation efficiency due to lunar noon radiation, this invention provides a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy release-storage cycle throughout the day and night. By controlling the operating status of the Stirling engine, efficient energy management is achieved throughout the entire cycle.

[0035] This invention provides a method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle, divided into two parts: lunar day and lunar night. During the lunar day, valves A, B, D, E, F, G, and H are opened, while valves C, I, J, M, and L are closed. The working fluid of the thermal storage system is water vapor, and the working fluid of the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system is a helium-xenon mixture with a molar mass of 40 g / mol. The working fluid of the Stirling engine 6 is helium. The water vapor in collector 1 is heated by solar radiation energy and circulates under a near-vacuum state with a pressure below 10 kPa. Its boiling temperature is maintained below 50°C. Part of it flows through the conveying pipe 2 to the heat storage tank 4 for heat exchange via valve B, and then circulates back into collector 1 via valve A. The other part is heat exchanged through the cold and hot flow channels of heat exchanger 3, and then passes through valve D, where it merges with the water vapor at the outlet of heat storage tank 4 and circulates back into collector 1. The circulating working fluid in the cold flow channel of heat exchanger 3 is heated to above 850K, with the pressure ratio controlled between 2 and 2.5. It then enters turbine 5 to expand and do work, outputting electrical energy through the coaxially driven motor 9. At this time, the exhaust gas temperature of turbine 5 is about 550-650K. It enters the hot end of Stirling engine 6 through valve 5E, driving Stirling engine 6 to run in forward mode for power generation, assisting in the output of electrical energy, and further cooling the exhaust gas to below 450K. After two cooling cycles, the circulating working fluid enters radiator 7 for heat dissipation through valve 6F. Then, the working fluid enters compressor 8 through valve 7G for pressurization, and returns to the cold flow channel of heat exchanger 3 through valve 8H, completing the cycle.

[0036] At midday (around 400K), the heat dissipation capacity of radiator 7 is limited. At this time, the cold storage unit 11 begins to release cold energy. The cold energy stored inside is released through the heat pipe heat exchange network 10, forcibly anchoring the cold end temperature of Stirling engine 6 at 280-300K. Compared with the traditional solution, the circulation temperature difference is increased by more than 50K, which significantly improves the power generation efficiency.

[0037] On a moonlit night, open valves 2B, 3C, 9I, 10J, 11M, and 12L, and close valves 1A, 4D, 5E, 6F, 7G, and 8H. The sensible heat stored in the heat storage tank 4 is used as the driving source to heat the water vapor. The water vapor enters the heat exchanger 3 through the conveying pipe 2. After heat exchange through the cold and hot flow channels of the heat exchanger 3, it enters the heat storage tank 4 through the valve 3C circulation. After the working fluid in the cold flow channel of heat exchanger 3 is heated to 750-800K, it enters turbine 5 to expand and do work, outputting electrical energy through motor 9. Then, it enters radiator 7 through valve 9I to dissipate heat to the cold deep space background of the lunar night (the ambient heat sink is about 90K), and the temperature drops to 150-180K. Then, it enters compressor 8 through valve 10J to effectively reduce power consumption. After the working fluid is pressurized and heated to 500-600K, it enters the hot end of Stirling engine 6. Stirling engine 6 runs in reverse to cooling mode, and the heat in the cold storage unit 11 is reversely drawn and discharged into the working fluid loop through heat pipe heat exchange network 10, so that the temperature of the sintered lunar soil in the cold storage unit 11 is reduced to below 200K, realizing the charging and cooling process of cold storage unit 11 and the reheating of the circulating working fluid. Finally, it enters the cold flow channel of heat exchanger 3 to complete the cycle.

[0038] Stirling engine 6 operates in reverse cooling mode, transferring heat from the low-temperature end to the high-temperature circulating working fluid, thereby reheating the working fluid. This not only effectively reduces the thermal cycle of the working fluid and the dependence on the heat storage unit 4 during the lunar night, but also replenishes the cooling capacity of the cold storage unit 11 for use by the system during the lunar day.

[0039] The cold storage unit 11 is covered with multi-layer insulation components and buried 2m below the lunar surface, utilizing the extremely low thermal conductivity of lunar soil, approximately 0.01W / (m²). K) to achieve efficient locking of cold energy and reserve cold energy for the next lunar day cycle.

[0040] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy release-storage cycle during the day and storage at night, characterized in that, This includes thermal storage systems, core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling systems, and cold storage systems; The heat storage system includes a collector (1), a conveying pipe (2), a heat exchanger (3), and a heat storage unit (4). The heat flow channels of the collector (1), the conveying pipe (2), and the heat exchanger (3) are connected on one side and connected to the heat storage unit (4) on the other side, and are respectively equipped with valve one (A), valve two (B), and valve three (C). The other side of the heat flow channel of the heat exchanger (3) is also connected to the collector (1), and valve four (D) is provided on the pipe between the two. The core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system includes a turbine (5), a Stirling engine (6), a radiator (7), a compressor (8), and a motor (9). The cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3), the turbine (5), the hot end of the Stirling engine (6), the radiator (7), and the compressor (8) are sequentially connected in a closed loop. A valve five (E) is installed on the pipe between the turbine (5) and the hot end of the Stirling engine (6), a valve six (F) is installed on the pipe between the hot end of the Stirling engine (6) and the radiator (7), and a valve seven (G) is installed on the pipe between the radiator (7) and the compressor (8). The compressor (8) and the heat exchanger (9) are connected in a closed loop. A valve eight (H) is provided on the pipe between the cold flow channels of the heat exchanger (3). The turbine (5) is connected to the radiator (7) and the motor (9) respectively. A valve nine (I) is provided on the pipe between the turbine (5) and the radiator (7). A second pipe is also connected between the radiator (7) and the compressor (8). A valve ten (J) is provided on the second pipe. The compressor (8) is connected to the hot end of the Stirling heat engine (6). A valve eleven (M) is provided on the pipe between the two. The Stirling heat engine (6) is connected to the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3). A valve twelve (L) is provided on the pipe between the two. The cold storage system includes a heat pipe heat exchange network (10) and a cold storage unit (11) connected together, and the heat pipe heat exchange network (10) is connected to the cold end of the Stirling engine (6).

2. The lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The turbine (5) and the hot end of the Stirling engine (6) are connected by a shell-and-tube or tandem finned heat exchange structure.

3. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator (7) adopts a flexible unfolding structure or a fixed louver structure, and the surface of the radiator (7) is coated with a dustproof optical film.

4. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The motor (9) is connected to the compressor (8), and the turbine (5), motor (9) and compressor (8) are driven coaxially.

5. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluid of the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system is a helium-xenon mixture, and the working fluid inside the Stirling engine (6) is helium.

6. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer walls of the heat storage unit (4) and the cold storage unit (11) are both wrapped with a thermal insulation layer and buried in the deep lunar soil (12). The thermal insulation layer is composed of multiple layers of thermal insulation components.

7. A lunar base energy system based on a cold energy daytime release and nighttime storage cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the thermal storage unit (4) and the cold storage unit (11) use sintered lunar soil as the energy storage material and water vapor as the working fluid, and their operating pressure is lower than 10 kPa.

8. A method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy day-to-night cycle of release and storage, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the lunar day, open valves 1 (A), 2 (B), 4 (D), 5 (E), 6 (F), 7 (G), and 8 (H), and close valves 3 (C), 9 (I), 10 (J), 11 (M), and 12 (L). The working fluid in the collector (1) is heated by solar radiation energy. Part of it flows through the conveying pipe (2) to the heat storage tank (4) for heat exchange, and then circulates back into the collector (1). The other part is heated through the cold and hot flow channels of the heat exchanger (3) and then merges with the working fluid at the outlet of the heat storage tank (4) and circulates back into the collector (1). After the working fluid in the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3) is heated by heat exchange, it enters the turbine (5) to expand and do work, outputs electrical energy through the motor (9), and then enters the hot end of the Stirling heat engine (6). The Stirling heat engine (6) operates in forward mode to generate electricity, further recovering the heat energy of the working fluid and generating auxiliary electrical energy. After being cooled twice, the working fluid enters the radiator (7) to dissipate heat. Finally, the working fluid enters the compressor (8) to be pressurized and returns to the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3) to complete the cycle.

9. A method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy day-night storage cycle, as described in claim 8, characterized in that, At midday, when the radiator (7) has low radiative heat dissipation efficiency, the cold storage unit (11) uses the heat pipe heat exchange network (10) as the main heat sink for the core power generation and auxiliary power generation / cooling system to assist the radiator (7) in dissipating heat.

10. A method for using a lunar base energy system based on a cold energy day-night storage cycle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, On a moonlit night, open valves 2 (B), 3 (C), 9 (I), 10 (J), 11 (M), and 12 (L), and close valves 1 (A), 4 (D), 5 (E), 6 (F), 7 (G), and 8 (H). The heat storage tank (4) is used as a heat source to heat the working medium. The working medium enters the heat exchanger (3) through the conveying pipeline (2). After heat exchange through the cold and hot flow channels of the heat exchanger (3), it circulates back into the heat storage tank (4). After the working fluid in the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3) is heated by heat exchange, it enters the turbine (5) to expand and do work, outputs electrical energy through the motor (9), and then enters the radiator (7) to dissipate heat to the cold deep space background of the lunar night. After being pressurized and heated by the compressor (8), it enters the hot end of the Stirling heat engine (6). The Stirling heat engine (6) runs in reverse to the cooling mode. Through the heat pipe heat exchange network (10), the heat in the cold storage unit (11) is transferred to the working fluid in reverse to realize the charging and cooling process of the cold storage unit (11). Finally, it enters the cold flow channel of the heat exchanger (3) to complete the cycle.

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