A heat collecting and distributing self-adaptive heat pump based on memory alloy driven butterfly wing fin

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of solar heat pumps and building energy conservation technology, specifically to an adaptive heat pump for heat collection and dissipation based on shape memory alloy-driven butterfly-shaped fins. The outdoor heat exchanger includes a refrigerant flow pipe, a first fin, and a second fin. The first and second fins are connected to the refrigerant flow pipe via a two-way shape memory alloy drive. A solar selective absorption coating is applied to the first surface of the first and second fins, and a radiation cooling coating is applied to the second surface. The two-way shape memory alloy drive drives the first and second fins to either simultaneously expand outwards in a heating mode or simultaneously close inwards in a cooling mode, depending on changes in the outdoor ambient temperature. As can be seen from the above technical solution, this invention achieves adaptive switching between solar heating and air-source cooling in a single heat exchanger, with a compact structure, low cost, and zero-energy consumption, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the heat pump system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar heat pump and building energy conservation technology, specifically to a heat-collecting adaptive heat pump based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins. Background Technology

[0002] Heat pump technology is widely used in building heating and cooling due to its high efficiency and energy saving. Traditional air source heat pumps suffer from problems such as low evaporation temperature, decreased coefficient of performance (COP), and frosting in low-temperature winter environments. While solar heat pumps can use solar energy to raise the evaporation temperature, traditional solar collectors need to be installed independently, resulting in complex systems, high costs, and waste due to the collectors being idle during the non-heating season.

[0003] To address these issues, researchers proposed a direct expansion solar heat pump (DX-SAHP) system, which integrates the solar collector and the heat pump evaporator into one unit, allowing the refrigerant to directly absorb solar energy within the collector / evaporator. However, in the summer cooling mode of existing DX-SAHP systems, the same collector / evaporator needs to be used as a condenser. In this mode, its surface coating remains a selective absorption coating, leading to increased condensation temperature and decreased cooling efficiency. Therefore, achieving efficient solar energy absorption (collection) and efficient heat dissipation (cooling) of a single heat exchanger in winter has become a pressing technical challenge in this field.

[0004] Existing technologies have attempted to use a parallel dual-heat exchanger scheme (solar heat exchanger + air source heat exchanger) to switch operating modes via valves, but the system is complex, costly, and occupies a large space. Other research has proposed installing rotatable double-sided blades on the heat exchanger surface, allowing for manual or electric rotation to switch functional coatings, but this requires external power and a control system, increasing energy consumption and failure rate.

[0005] Shape memory alloys (SMAs) possess a two-way memory effect, enabling them to automatically recover a preset shape at a specific phase change temperature without requiring external energy input. While there are existing applications of SMAs in heat sink fins for electronic devices, none have involved heat pump systems, nor have they addressed the issue of seasonal mode switching in solar heat pump outdoor heat exchangers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat pump with heat dissipation and adaptive operation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins. This heat pump solves the technical problems of existing solar heat pump outdoor heat exchangers that cannot adaptively switch working modes according to the seasons, are complex, and have high costs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: including a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an outdoor heat exchanger, wherein the above components are connected in sequence through refrigerant pipelines to form a closed loop; The outdoor heat exchanger includes a refrigerant flow pipe and a butterfly-shaped fin unit. The butterfly-shaped fin unit includes a first fin and a second fin arranged symmetrically. The roots of the first fin and the second fin are respectively connected to the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe through a first double-pass shape memory alloy drive and a second double-pass shape memory alloy drive. A solar selective absorption coating is coated on the first surface of the first fin and the second fin that are close to each other, and a radiation cooling coating is coated on the second surface of the first fin and the second fin that are far apart. The first double-pass shape memory alloy drive and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive drive the first fin and the second fin to form a heating mode that expands outward synchronously or a cooling mode that closes inward synchronously, according to the change of outdoor ambient temperature.

[0008] The first and second double-pass shape memory alloy drive components are connected to the refrigerant flow pipe via brackets.

[0009] The bracket is arranged along the length of the refrigerant flow pipe. The roots of the first and second double-pass shape memory alloy driving components are fixed to the upper surface of the bracket, and the upper surface is a plane. The lower surface of the bracket is an arc surface that fits the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe, and the lower surface is fixedly connected to the refrigerant flow pipe.

[0010] The first and second two-way shape memory alloy driving components are sheet-like or block-like two-way shape memory alloy bodies with a phase transition temperature range of 15℃ to 35℃.

[0011] The solar selective absorption coating has a solar absorptivity ≥ 0.92 and an emissivity ≤ 0.10; the material of the solar selective absorption coating is black chromium, black nickel, blue titanium, graphene nanosheets, or reduced graphene oxide.

[0012] The solar reflectance of the radiation-cooling coating is ≥0.90 and the atmospheric window emissivity is ≥0.85. The material of the radiation-cooling coating is modified silicon dioxide, modified titanium dioxide, or modified polymer-based radiation-cooling material.

[0013] The first and second fins are made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy or thermally conductive composite material, with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm, a width of 30 to 150 mm and a length of 100 to 1000 mm.

[0014] The outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe is provided with a thermally enhanced structure, which is a microgroove provided on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe or a sintered metal powder layer coated on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe.

[0015] The microgrooves are sawtooth-shaped grooves of varying sizes set along the length of the refrigerant flow pipe.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Single heat exchanger achieves adaptive switching between heat collection and heat dissipation: This invention uses a two-way shape memory alloy to drive the opening and closing of the butterfly-shaped fin unit, so that the same heat exchanger can be used as a high-efficiency solar collector / evaporator (heat collection) in winter and as a high-efficiency air source condenser (heat dissipation) in summer. There is no need to connect two independent heat exchangers in parallel. The system structure is compact, reducing the footprint and piping complexity.

[0017] 2. Zero-energy passive drive: This invention utilizes a two-way shape memory alloy to automatically respond to ambient temperature, eliminating the need for external power supplies, sensors, or controllers. This achieves true zero-energy mode switching, improves system reliability and lifespan, and reduces maintenance costs.

[0018] 3. Significantly improves the overall energy efficiency of heat pumps throughout the year: In winter, the butterfly-shaped finned units expand to absorb solar energy, which can increase the evaporation temperature by 5-8°C, and the COP is about 15% higher than that of pure air source heat pumps; in summer, the butterfly-shaped finned units close to reduce wind resistance and enhance heat dissipation, resulting in an energy efficiency improvement of about 10% compared to direct expansion solar heat pumps. Comparative simulation data shows that the overall energy efficiency is significantly improved throughout the year in typical climate zones.

[0019] 4. Delaying Frosting: In winter, the butterfly-shaped finned units unfold to absorb solar energy, making the surface temperature of the outdoor heat exchanger higher than the dew point temperature, effectively delaying or reducing frost formation, and reducing the number of defrosting operations and defrosting energy consumption.

[0020] 5. Simple structure and high reliability: The two-way shape memory alloy drive component adopts a sheet or block shape and is directly fixed on the bracket of the refrigerant flow pipe. It can drive the butterfly fin unit by bending or standing up. There are no springs, no wires, no independent hinges, and no additional transmission mechanism. The failure rate is extremely low, which reduces maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the butterfly-shaped finned unit of the outdoor heat exchanger of the present invention in winter heating mode. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the butterfly-shaped finned unit of the outdoor heat exchanger of the present invention in summer cooling mode; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal conductivity enhancement structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the winter heating mode of this invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the summer cooling mode of this invention.

[0022] The labels in the above figures are: compressor 1, four-way reversing valve 2, indoor heat exchanger 3, expansion valve 4, outdoor heat exchanger 5, refrigerant flow pipe 51, microgroove 511, first fin 52, second fin 53, first two-way shape memory alloy drive 54, second two-way shape memory alloy drive 55, first surface 56, second surface 57, bracket 58. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figure 1 The heat pump shown is a heat-collecting adaptive heat pump based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins, including a compressor 1, a four-way reversing valve 2, an indoor heat exchanger 3, an expansion valve 4, and an outdoor heat exchanger 5. The above components are connected in sequence to form a closed loop through refrigerant pipelines.

[0024] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 includes a refrigerant flow pipe 51 and butterfly-shaped fin units. Multiple sets of butterfly-shaped fin units are arranged sequentially along the length of the refrigerant flow pipe 51. Each butterfly-shaped fin unit includes symmetrically arranged first fins 52 and second fins 53. The roots of the first fins 52 and second fins 53 are connected to the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51 via a first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and a second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55, respectively. The first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55 have the same structure. According to changes in the outdoor ambient temperature, the first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55 respectively drive the first fins 52 and second fins 53 to form a synchronously outward-expanding heating mode or a synchronously inward-closing cooling mode. In the heating mode, the first surface 56 of the first fins 52 and second fins 53 faces outward; in the cooling mode, the second surface 57 of the first fins 52 and second fins 53 faces outward. Throughout the entire driving process, the two-way shape memory alloy drive component directly drives the fins through bending or upright deformation, without any additional transmission mechanism or independent hinge.

[0025] A two-way shape memory alloy actuator is an intelligent actuator that can directly convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. Its core principle is to "train" the alloy to simultaneously "memorize" both high-temperature and low-temperature shapes, automatically completing bidirectional reciprocating motion during temperature cycles. The specific principles can be found in existing technologies.

[0026] Furthermore, since the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51 is arc-shaped, in order to increase the stability of the connection between the first fin 52 and the second fin 53, as a preferred embodiment, the present invention adds a bracket 58 to the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51. That is, the first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55 are connected to the refrigerant flow pipe 51 through the bracket 58. Specifically, the bracket 58 is arranged along the length direction of the refrigerant flow pipe 51. The upper surface of the bracket 58 is flat. The roots of the first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55 are fixed to the upper surface of the bracket 58. The free ends of the first double-pass shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive 55 are respectively connected to the roots of the first fin 52 and the second fin 53. The lower surface of the bracket 58 is an arc surface that fits the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51, and the lower surface of the bracket 58 is fixedly connected to the refrigerant flow pipe 51. The upper surface of the bracket 58 has slots for fixing the roots of the first double-pass shape memory alloy driver 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy driver 55. The free ends of the first double-pass shape memory alloy driver 54 and the second double-pass shape memory alloy driver 55 are welded and fixed to the first fin 52 and the second fin 53.

[0027] Furthermore, a solar selective absorption coating is coated on the first surface 56 of the first fin 52 and the second fin 53 that are close to each other. Under the AM1.5 standard solar spectrum conditions, the solar selective absorption coating has a solar absorptivity ≥0.92 and an emissivity ≤0.10. The material of the solar selective absorption coating is black chromium, black nickel, blue titanium, graphene nanosheets, or reduced graphene oxide.

[0028] Furthermore, a radiation-cooling coating is coated on the second surface 57 of the first fin 52 and the second fin 53, which are far apart. The solar reflectance of the radiation-cooling coating is ≥0.90, and the atmospheric window emissivity is ≥0.85. In this invention, the material of the radiation-cooling coating is modified silica, modified titanium dioxide, or modified polymer-based radiation-cooling material. Specifically, the modified silica-based material can be at least one of hollow silica microsphere / PDMS composite coating or calcium silicate composite silica aerogel coating; the modified titanium dioxide-based material can be at least one of double-layer hollow rutile titanium dioxide coating or titanium dioxide-coated hollow silica core-shell composite microsphere coating; the modified polymer-based material can be a hollow ceramic microsphere / polydimethylsiloxane composite coating or a porous PVDF-HFP network structure film or a PTFE / PU-SiO2 composite coating. In addition to being coated with a radiation cooling coating, the second surface 57 of the first fin 52 and the second fin 53 can also be selected directly from their natural metal surfaces, that is, without coating, the natural metal surfaces of the materials of the first fin 52 and the second fin 53 can be used directly.

[0029] Furthermore, the first two-way shape memory alloy drive 54 and the second two-way shape memory alloy drive 55 are sheet-like or block-like two-way shape memory alloy bodies with a phase transformation temperature range of 15℃ to 35℃. The first two-way shape memory alloy drive and the second two-way shape memory alloy drive can be made of sheet-like iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) or nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA).

[0030] Furthermore, the first fin 52 and the second fin 53 are made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy, or thermally conductive composite material, with a thickness of 0.3–2 mm, a width of 30–150 mm, and a length of 100–1000 mm. The thermally conductive composite material includes at least one of high thermal conductivity nylon composite material, graphene metal composite material, carbon fiber reinforced thermally conductive composite material, boron nitride filled thermally conductive composite material, or all-polymer ultralight fin material.

[0031] Furthermore, the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51 is provided with a heat-conducting enhancement structure to enhance the heat conduction between the refrigerant flow pipe 51 and the first fin 52 and the second fin 53. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the thermal conductivity enhancement structure can be a microgroove 511 disposed on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51, or it can be a sintered metal powder layer coated on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe 51. In this invention, the microgroove 511 is a serrated groove of varying size disposed along the length direction of the refrigerant flow pipe 51.

[0032] The working principle of this invention is as follows: 1. For example Figure 5 As shown, the winter heating mode (the outdoor heat exchanger operates in solar heat collection / evaporation mode to achieve the "heat collection" function): When the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the two-way shape memory alloy drive, the two-way shape memory alloy drive deforms by bending itself, pushing the first fin and the second fin outward in an unfolded posture. At this time, the first surface of the first fin and the second fin are exposed outward, and the solar selective absorption coating on the first surface absorbs solar radiation energy outward, heating the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow pipe. The refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat in the outdoor heat exchanger, and after being compressed by the compressor, it condenses and releases in the indoor heat exchanger, thus achieving heating.

[0033] In winter mode, the refrigerant flow path is as follows: compressor discharge port → port D of the four-way reversing valve → port E of the four-way reversing valve → indoor heat exchanger → expansion valve → outdoor heat exchanger → port C of the four-way reversing valve → port S of the four-way reversing valve → compressor suction port.

[0034] 2. For example Figure 6As shown, in the summer cooling mode (the outdoor heat exchanger operates in air source heat release / condensation mode to achieve the "heat dissipation" function): when the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the two-way shape memory alloy drive, the two-way shape memory alloy drive deforms vertically, causing the first and second fins to close inward, that is, the free ends of the first and second fins retract and close. At this time, the first surface of the first and second fins is covered, and the second surface is exposed outward. The outdoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser, and the refrigerant condenses and releases heat in the refrigerant flow pipe. The heat is transferred to the air through the first and second fins. The refrigerant that has completely released heat is cooled and depressurized through the expansion valve, and evaporates and absorbs heat in the indoor heat exchanger to achieve cooling.

[0035] In summer mode, the refrigerant flow path is as follows: compressor discharge port → port D of the four-way reversing valve → port C of the four-way reversing valve → outdoor heat exchanger → expansion valve → indoor heat exchanger → port E of the four-way reversing valve → port S of the four-way reversing valve → compressor suction port. Example 1

[0036] The system includes a compressor, a four-way reversing valve, an electronic expansion valve, an indoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor heat exchanger, and is used for heating and cooling in residential buildings in a certain region. The compressor has a rated power of 0.75kW and uses R134a refrigerant. The indoor heat exchanger is a finned tube type, and the refrigerant flow pipe of the outdoor heat exchanger uses copper tubes with an inner diameter of 8mm and a wall thickness of 0.5mm, in a grid-type tube layout. Multiple butterfly-shaped finned units are installed on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe, and the finned units are arranged in an array along the length of the pipe. The first and second fins are made of aluminum alloy, with a thickness of 0.8mm, a width of 100mm, and a length of 750mm. The first surface of the first and second fins is coated with a black chrome coating, with an absorptivity of 0.94 and an emissivity of 0.08; the radiative cooling coating of the second surface is a hollow silica microsphere / PDMS composite coating, with a solar reflectivity of 0.95 and an atmospheric window emissivity of 0.92. The first and second double-pass shape memory alloy actuators are made of sheet-like iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) bodies, with phase transformation temperatures set at 25℃ (i.e., martensitic phase transformation end temperature As=20℃, austenitic phase transformation end temperature Af=25℃). When the temperature is below 20℃, the first and second double-pass shape memory alloy actuators, through their own bending deformation (maintaining an outward arched state), push the first and second fins outward into an unfolded posture, with an unfolding angle of approximately 70° to 90°; when the temperature is above 25℃, the first and second double-pass shape memory alloy actuators, through their own upright deformation (flattening or concave inward), drive the fins to close inward, with a closing angle of approximately 0° to 5°.

[0037] Winter heating mode (ambient temperature below 20℃): The first and second double-pass shape memory alloy drive components, through their own bending deformation, drive the first and second fins to unfold outwards, exposing the first surface of the first and second fins. Solar radiation strikes the first surface and is efficiently absorbed by the selective absorption coating. Heat is transferred to the refrigerant through the first and second fins and the wall of the refrigerant flow pipe. The refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat within the refrigerant flow pipe, with its temperature rising from -3℃ to 5℃ and its pressure increasing from 0.16MPa to 0.35MPa. After compression by the compressor, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas (temperature 70℃, pressure 1.16MPa) enters the indoor heat exchanger and condenses, releasing heat at a condensation temperature of 45℃. The heating capacity is 3.2kW, and the COP reaches 4.2. Compared to a pure air source heat pump under the same operating conditions (COP approximately 3.2), the COP is improved by 31%.

[0038] Summer cooling mode (ambient temperature above 25℃): The first and second double-pass shape memory alloy drive components, through their own upright deformation, drive the first and second fins to close inward, bringing their free ends into contact with each other at a closing angle of approximately 0°–5°. The first surface is covered, while the second surface is exposed outward. The outdoor heat exchanger acts as a condenser, where high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas (temperature 65℃, pressure 1.05MPa) from the compressor condenses and releases heat within the refrigerant flow pipe. This heat is transferred to the air through the first and second fins, and is carried away by natural convection or forced convection via an optional fan. The condensing temperature drops to 42℃, the cooling capacity is 2.4kW, and the EER reaches 3.2. Compared to a heat exchanger with a constant solar collector coating under the same operating conditions (condensing temperature 48℃, EER approximately 2.9), the EER is improved by 10%. Simultaneously, the radiative cooling coating on the second surface radiates heat into space, resulting in better performance at night. The refrigerant, having completely released heat, is cooled and depressurized by the expansion valve, and then evaporates and absorbs heat in the indoor heat exchanger, thus achieving indoor cooling. Example 2

[0039] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the materials of the first and second two-way shape memory alloy driving components are nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloys (Ni-Ti SMA), and the phase transition temperature is set to 20°C. Meanwhile, the second surface is not coated with a radiation cooling coating, but instead retains the natural color of the aluminum alloy (oxidation treatment). This embodiment still achieves the mode switching function, and in summer, it relies on convection heat dissipation from the natural metal surface, resulting in an EER increase of approximately 8%.

[0040] The comparative results demonstrate that the heat pump system of this invention is significantly superior to existing technologies in terms of overall energy efficiency throughout the year. This technological advancement is of great value in promoting the development of building energy conservation and zero-carbon building technologies.

[0041] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat pump with heat dissipation and adaptive design based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly-shaped fins, characterized in that: The system includes a compressor (1), a four-way reversing valve (2), an indoor heat exchanger (3), an expansion valve (4), and an outdoor heat exchanger (5). The components are connected in sequence through refrigerant pipelines to form a closed loop. The outdoor heat exchanger (5) includes a refrigerant flow pipe (51) and a butterfly-shaped fin unit. The butterfly-shaped fin unit includes a first fin (52) and a second fin (53) arranged symmetrically. The roots of the first fin (52) and the second fin (53) are respectively connected to the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe (51) through a first double-pass shape memory alloy drive (54) and a second double-pass shape memory alloy drive (55). The first surface (56) of the first fin (52) and the second fin (53) that are close to each other is coated with a solar selective absorption coating, and the second surface (57) of the first fin (52) and the second fin (53) that are far apart is coated with a radiation cooling coating. The first double-pass shape memory alloy drive (54) and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive (55) drive the first fin (52) and the second fin (53) to form a heating mode that expands outward synchronously or a cooling mode that closes inward synchronously according to the change of outdoor ambient temperature.

2. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first double-pass shape memory alloy drive (54) and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive (55) are connected to the refrigerant flow pipe (51) via a bracket (58).

3. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket (58) is arranged along the length of the refrigerant flow pipe (51). The roots of the first double-pass shape memory alloy drive (54) and the second double-pass shape memory alloy drive (55) are fixed on the upper surface of the bracket (58), and the upper surface is a plane. The lower surface of the bracket (58) is an arc surface that fits the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe (51), and the lower surface is fixedly connected to the refrigerant flow pipe (51).

4. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first two-way shape memory alloy drive (54) and the second two-way shape memory alloy drive (55) are sheet-like or block-like two-way shape memory alloy bodies with a phase transition temperature range of 15℃ to 35℃.

5. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar selective absorption coating has a solar absorptivity ≥ 0.92 and an emissivity ≤ 0.10; the material of the solar selective absorption coating is black chromium, black nickel, blue titanium, graphene nanosheets, or reduced graphene oxide.

6. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar reflectance of the radiation-cooling coating is ≥0.90, and the atmospheric window emissivity is ≥0.

85. The material of the radiation-cooling coating is modified silicon dioxide, modified titanium dioxide, or modified polymer-based radiation-cooling material.

7. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fin (52) and the second fin (53) are made of aluminum alloy, copper alloy or thermally conductive composite material, with a thickness of 0.3 to 2 mm, a width of 30 to 150 mm and a length of 100 to 1000 mm.

8. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe (51) is provided with a thermally conductive enhancement structure, which is a microgroove (511) provided on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe (51) or a sintered metal powder layer coated on the outer wall of the refrigerant flow pipe (51).

9. The adaptive heat pump for heat dissipation based on shape memory alloy driven butterfly fins according to claim 8, characterized in that: The microgrooves (511) are sawtooth grooves of varying sizes arranged along the length of the refrigerant flow pipe (51).

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