A function and structure integrated multi-heat sink passive cooling system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-heat-sink passive cooling system, comprising an integrated water tank, an ascending air duct, a descending air duct, and a cooler. The integrated water tank is filled with a cooling medium. A vertical guide plate is installed inside the integrated water tank, dividing the interior into a parallel ascending region and a descending region connected at the bottom. The bottom of the ascending air duct is connected to the ascending region, and the bottom of the descending air duct is connected to the descending region. The cooler is arranged laterally at an angle below the ascending region of the integrated water tank. The lower end of the descending region is connected to the cold source inlet of the cooler. The cold source outlet of the cooler is connected to the ascending region. The beneficial effects of this invention are: through the coordinated design of the integrated water tank, ascending air duct, and descending air duct, and the angled arrangement of the cooler, orderly switching between water cooling and air cooling is achieved. Even if the cooling water is exhausted by evaporation, continuous cooling can still be achieved through the air cooling stage, solving the problem of insufficient water volume in small-volume cooling water tanks causing functional failure mentioned in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cooling technology, and more specifically to a multi-heat-sink passive cooling system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Passive waste heat removal technology is widely used in chemical plants, thermal power plants, nuclear power plants, and offshore floating platforms due to its lack of external power requirements and high safety and reliability. Currently, traditional passive waste heat removal (i.e., the aforementioned passive waste heat removal) mostly employs a water-cooling scheme. In this scheme, the steam condenser is located in a high-level water tank, utilizing the natural circulation of steam and condensate within the condenser and the boiling and evaporation of cooling water in the tank to remove waste heat. The effective waste heat removal time in this scheme depends on the water volume in the tank; the more water, the longer the system operating time.

[0003] However, in special scenarios such as small power plants and floating platforms, the limited overall size of the equipment and the compact spatial layout usually necessitate the use of small-capacity cooling water tanks to accommodate the overall space requirements. The limited cooling water capacity of these small tanks means that during continuous waste heat removal, the cooling water will constantly boil and evaporate. Once the cooling water in the tank completely evaporates, the entire waste heat removal system fails to function, making it impossible to achieve uninterrupted and stable passive waste heat removal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a multi-heat trap passive cooling system that integrates functionality and structure, aiming to solve the problem of functional failure caused by insufficient water volume in small-volume cooling water tanks mentioned in existing technologies.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a multi-heat trap passive cooling system, comprising an integrated water tank, an upward air duct, a downward air duct, and a cooler; The integrated water tank is filled with cooling medium; the interior of the integrated water tank is equipped with a vertical guide plate, which divides the interior of the integrated water tank into a parallel rising area and a falling area that are connected at the bottom; The bottom of the rising air duct is connected to the rising area, and the bottom of the falling air duct is connected to the falling area. The cooler is arranged laterally at an angle to the lower part of the rising area of ​​the integrated water tank, and a gap is left between the lower surface of the cooler and the inner bottom surface of the integrated water tank. The heat source inlet of the cooler is connected to the heat source inlet pipe outside the integrated water tank, and the heat source outlet of the cooler is connected to the heat source outlet pipe outside the integrated water tank. The lower end of the descending region is connected to the cold source inlet of the cooler; the cold source outlet of the cooler is connected to the ascending region.

[0006] According to the above scheme, the cooler includes an installation frame and multiple sets of heat transfer tubes built into the installation frame; the installation frame is arranged at an inclination along with the cooler as a whole, and its two ends are respectively provided with a heat source inlet section connected to the heat source inlet pipe and a heat source outlet section connected to the heat source outlet pipe; the top and bottom of the installation frame are respectively provided with the cold source inlet and cold source outlet of the cooler, and each set of heat transfer tubes is located between the cold source inlet and the cold source outlet, and the cold source inlet and cold source outlet are both located on the same side of the rising area, and the cold source inlet is located at the bottom of the installation frame; the multiple sets of heat transfer tubes are evenly spaced and synchronously inclined along the axial direction of the installation frame, the inlet end of the heat transfer tube is connected to the heat source inlet section, and the outlet end of the heat transfer tube is connected to the heat source outlet section.

[0007] According to the above scheme, the heat source inlet section of the mounting frame is provided with a distribution manifold, the inlet of which is connected to the heat source inlet section, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet end of each heat transfer pipe respectively; the heat source outlet section is provided with a manifold, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet end of each heat transfer pipe, and the outlet end of which is connected to the heat source outlet section of the mounting frame.

[0008] According to the above scheme, fins are installed on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube.

[0009] According to the above scheme, both the descending air duct and the ascending air duct are located at the top of the integrated water tank.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the guide plate is welded and fixed inside the integrated water tank.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the cooler is installed in the integrated water tank on the same side as the rising area, with one end fixed to the side wall of the integrated water tank and the other end fixed to the guide plate.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the cross-sections of the rising air duct and the falling air duct are selected as hyperboloid or rectangular cross-sections.

[0013] According to the above scheme, the auxiliary cooling medium in the integrated water tank is cooling water.

[0014] This invention also employs a multi-heat-sink passive cooling method, which is based on the multi-heat-sink passive cooling system described above. The method is as follows: Standby phase: Fill the integrated water tank with cooling water until the cooling water level completely submerges the cooler; Water cooling stage: The cooling water in the integrated water tank exchanges heat with the heat source in the cooler, cooling the heat source in the cooler; as the heat exchange continues, the cooling water in the integrated water tank is continuously heated and evaporated, and the liquid level in the integrated water tank gradually decreases; when the liquid level drops below the lower end of the guide plate, the downward air duct and the upward air duct are disconnected and connected, and the system automatically transitions to the water-air cooling hybrid cooling stage. Water-air hybrid cooling stage: The air in the descending air duct and the ascending air duct has a density difference due to the temperature difference, which in turn forms a natural circulation driving force and exchanges heat with the heat source in the cooler; in this stage, some areas of the cooler are still submerged in cooling water. Air cooling stage: As the cooling water continues to evaporate, when the liquid level in the integrated water tank drops below the bottom height of the cooler, the system fully enters the air cooling stage. The air in the descending air duct and the ascending air duct still relies on the density difference to form a natural circulation driving force. Cold air continuously enters the integrated water tank and exchanges heat with the heat source in the heat transfer tube of the cooler to achieve continuous cooling.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) The present invention integrates the water tank with the rising air duct and the falling air duct in a coordinated design, and combines the horizontally inclined arrangement of the cooler to achieve orderly switching between water cooling and air cooling. Even if the integrated water tank is small in size and the cooling water is exhausted by evaporation, it can still achieve continuous cooling through the air cooling stage, avoiding the interruption of cooling function due to insufficient water volume, ensuring stable operation of the system, and effectively solving the problem of functional failure caused by insufficient water volume in small volume cooling water tanks mentioned in the prior art.

[0016] (2) The present invention adopts an integrated design of water tank, rising air duct, falling air duct and cooler, and the water-cooled and air-cooled coolers share the main body of the cooler and the air duct structure, which reduces the number of similar equipment and effectively reduces the overall resource occupation of the system; at the same time, automatic switching between water cooling and air cooling can be realized without external power. Combined with the load adaptation design of water cooling phase change efficient heat dissipation in the early stage and air cooling unlimited heat dissipation in the middle and late stage, the simplicity, reliability and cooling effect of the system are further improved. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cooling system in Example 1 (showing the heat source inlet pipe).

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooler in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a simplified diagram of the system operation during the standby phase in Example 2.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a simplified diagram of the water-cooling stage system operation in Example 2.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a simplified diagram of the water-cooled-air-cooled hybrid cooling system operation in Example 2.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a simplified diagram of the air-cooling stage system operation in Example 2.

[0024] The attached diagrams are labeled as follows: 010, descending air duct; 020, integrated water tank; 021, rising area; 022, descending area; 030. Cooler; 031. Heat source inlet section; 032. Distribution manifold; 033. Heat transfer pipe; 034. Manifold; 035. Heat source outlet section; 036. Condensate drain outlet; 037. Support frame; 038. Mounting frame; 040. Rising air duct; 050. Guide plate; 06. Heat source inlet pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0029] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples, without contradiction. Additionally, the term "a plurality of" indicates two or more.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system shown is specifically a multi-heat-sink passive cooling system that integrates function and structure, including an integrated water tank 020, a cooler 030, an upward air duct 040, and a downward air duct 010. The integrated water tank 020 is filled with an auxiliary cooling medium; the interior of the integrated water tank 020 is provided with a vertical guide plate 050, which divides the interior of the integrated water tank 020 into a parallel rising area 021 and a falling area 022 that are connected at the bottom. The rising air duct 040 and the falling air duct 010 are respectively located at the top of the integrated water tank 020, and the bottom of the rising air duct 040 is connected to the rising area 021, and the bottom of the falling air duct 010 is connected to the falling area 022. The cooler 030 is arranged laterally at an angle to the lower part of the rising area 021 of the integrated water tank 020, and a gap is left between the lower surface of the cooler 030 and the inner bottom surface of the integrated water tank 020. The heat source inlet of the cooler 030 is connected to the heat source inlet pipe 060 outside the integrated water tank 020, and the heat source outlet of the cooler 030 is connected to the heat source outlet pipe outside the integrated water tank 020. The lower end of the descending region 022 is connected to the cold source inlet of the cooler 030, which is used to introduce the external cold source in the descending region 022 into the cooler 030 and exchange heat with the heat source; the cold source outlet of the cooler 030 is connected to the ascending region 021, so that the cold source after heat exchange can be discharged into the ascending air duct 040 through the ascending region 021.

[0031] In this invention, the horizontal direction is defined as... Figure 1 As shown in the left-right direction, the cooler 030 is arranged at an angle, with the left side lower than the right. The heat source outlet of the cooler 030 is located at the left end, and the heat source inlet is located at the right end. The heat source inlet is higher than the heat source outlet, which facilitates the flow of cooled heat out of the cooler 030 by gravity. The cold source outlet of the cooler 030 is located at the top, and the cold source inlet of the cooler 030 is connected to the interior of the integrated water tank 020. The heat source inlet pipe 060 and the heat source outlet pipe are respectively connected to the heat source inlet and heat source outlet of the cooler 030.

[0032] In this invention, the integrated water tank 020 is a sealed structure, and its interior is filled with water as an auxiliary cooling medium. Together with the cooler 030 and the two air ducts, it forms a multi-heat trap cooling structure, realizing the integration of function and structure.

[0033] In this invention, the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 are both located on the top of the integrated water tank 020, and a guide plate 050 is provided between them. The descending air duct 010, the ascending air duct 040 and the integrated water tank 020 are designed as a single unit.

[0034] In this invention, the cooler 030 is located in the rising area 021 on the left side. One end of the cooler 030 is connected to one side wall of the integrated water tank 020, and the other end of the cooler 030 is connected to the guide plate 050.

[0035] In this invention, within the integrated water tank 020, the descending region 022 and the ascending region 021 are separated by a guide plate 050; the two air ducts are integrally formed by welding with the outer top edge of the integrated water tank 020, and the arrangement of the air ducts can be appropriately adjusted according to the actual application scenario; the guide plate 050 is welded and fixed inside the integrated water tank 020; the descending air duct 010, the ascending air duct 040, and the flow gap between the integrated water tank 020 and the guide plate 050 together form a U-shaped channel, allowing cooling water and air to circulate within the two air ducts.

[0036] Preferably, such as Figure 3As shown, the cooler 030 includes a mounting frame 038 and multiple sets of heat transfer tubes 033 built into the mounting frame 038. The mounting frame 038 is arranged at an inclination along with the cooler 030. Its two ends (specifically the left and right ends) are respectively provided with a heat source inlet section 031 connected to the heat source inlet pipe 060 and a heat source outlet section 035 connected to the heat source outlet pipe. The top and bottom of the mounting frame 038 are respectively provided with the cold source inlet and cold source outlet of the cooler 030. Each set of heat transfer tubes 033 is located between the cold source inlet and the cold source outlet. The cold source inlet and the cold source outlet are both located on the same side of the rising area 021, and the cold source inlet is located at the bottom of the mounting frame 038. The multiple sets of heat transfer tubes 033 are evenly spaced and synchronously inclined along the axial direction of the mounting frame 038. The inlet end of the heat transfer tube 033 is connected to the heat source inlet section 031, and the outlet end of the heat transfer tube 033 is connected to the heat source outlet section 035.

[0037] Preferably, the heat source inlet section 031 of the mounting frame 038 is provided with a distribution manifold 032. The inlet of the distribution manifold 032 is connected to the heat source inlet section 031, and the outlet of the distribution manifold 032 is connected to the inlet end of each heat transfer pipe 033, for distributing the external heat source evenly to each group of heat transfer pipes 033. The heat source outlet section 035 is provided with a manifold 034. The inlet of the manifold 034 is connected to the outlet end of each heat transfer pipe 033, and the outlet end of the manifold 034 is connected to the heat source outlet section 035 of the mounting frame 038, for collecting and discharging the heat source after heat exchange.

[0038] Preferably, the bottom of the manifold 034 is further provided with a condensate drain outlet 036.

[0039] In this invention, the manifold 034, heat source outlet section 035, and condensate drain outlet 036 of the cooler 030 are all located outside the integrated water tank 020; the other components of the cooler 030 are all located inside the integrated water tank 020.

[0040] Preferably, the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 033 is fitted with fins to enhance heat exchange efficiency.

[0041] In this invention, an external high-temperature heat source enters the distribution manifold 032 through the heat source inlet section 031, and is then evenly distributed by the distribution manifold 032 to each group of inclined heat transfer tubes 033. Simultaneously, an external low-temperature cold source surrounds the finned heat transfer tubes 033, with the fins enhancing the heat exchange effect, enabling efficient heat exchange between the low-temperature cold source and the high-temperature heat source within the heat transfer tubes 033. After heat exchange, the temperature of the low-temperature cold source increases; the cooled heat source flows out of each heat transfer tube 033 under gravity, converges in the manifold 034, and is then discharged through the heat source outlet section 035, forming a complete heat exchange cycle and achieving passive waste heat removal.

[0042] Example 1 The multi-heat trap passive cooling system in this embodiment is used for waste heat steam cooling at a nuclear power plant in northern China.

[0043] like Figure 1 The illustrated multi-heat-sink passive cooling system integrates functionality and structure, mainly comprising components such as a descending air duct 010, an integrated water tank 020, a cooler 030, an ascending air duct 040, and a guide plate 050. The cooler 030 includes components such as a mounting frame 038, a heat source inlet section 031, a distribution manifold 032, heat transfer pipes 033, a manifold 034, a heat source outlet section 035, and a condensate drain outlet 036. A support frame 037 is provided at the bottom of the mounting frame 038.

[0044] In this embodiment, the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 are isolated by the guide plate 050; the bottom of the two air ducts and the upper edge of the integrated water tank 020 are integrally formed by welding; the guide plate 050 is welded and fixed inside the integrated water tank 020, dividing the integrated water tank 020 into an ascending area 021 and a descending area 022 with the bottom connected; the descending air duct 010, the ascending air duct 040, the descending area 022, the ascending area 021, and the flow gap between the integrated water tank 020 and the guide plate 050 together form a U-shaped channel, in which cooling water and air can flow in the two air ducts.

[0045] In this embodiment, the cooler 030 is installed in the integrated water tank 020 on the same side as the rising area 021. One end of the cooler 030 is fixed to the integrated water tank 020, and the other end is fixed to the guide plate 050. A gap is left between the lower surface of the cooler 030 and the inner bottom surface of the integrated water tank 020. The heat transfer tube 033 of the cooler 030 is equipped with fins and other heat transfer enhancement devices. The heat source inlet section 031 of the cooler 030 is higher than the heat source outlet section 035, which is conducive to the cooled heat source flowing out of the cooler 030 by gravity.

[0046] In this embodiment, the descending air duct 010, the integrated water tank 020, and the ascending air duct 040 can be designed conformally with the structure of the nuclear power plant and the floating platform structure; the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 can be extended to a higher position to achieve a stronger natural circulation driving force.

[0047] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional structures of the rising air duct 040 and the falling air duct 010 can be appropriately adjusted according to the application scenario, and structures such as hyperboloids and rectangular cross-sections can be selected. Functional components such as the falling air duct 010, integrated water tank 020, and rising air duct 040 can be designed conformally with the plant structure, and the water-cooled and air-cooled coolers 030 share a common design, achieving functional and structural integration, resulting in higher equipment integration and less resource consumption.

[0048] Example 2 A passive cooling method for multiple heat traps, implemented based on the passive cooling system for multiple heat traps described in Embodiment 1, wherein the method is as follows: (1) Standby Stage: When the system is in standby mode, fill the integrated water tank 020 with cooling water so that the cooling water level completely submerges the cooler 030; at the same time, the cooling water submerges the flow gap between the lower end of the guide plate 050 and the bottom of the integrated water tank 020. Through the water seal effect of this flow gap, the downward air duct 010 and the upward air duct 040 are effectively isolated, such as... Figure 4 As shown; (2) Water Cooling Stage: After the cooling process starts, it first enters the water cooling stage. The cooling water in the integrated water tank 020 exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat source in the heat transfer tube 033 of the cooler 030, making full use of the sensible heat and latent heat of phase change of the cooling water to efficiently cool the high-temperature heat source in the heat transfer tube 033. As the heat exchange continues, the cooling water in the integrated water tank 020 is continuously heated and evaporates, and the liquid level in the integrated water tank 020 gradually decreases, such as... Figure 5 As shown; when the liquid level drops below the lower end of the guide plate 050, the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 are disconnected and connected, and the system automatically transitions to the water-cooled-air-cooled mixed cooling stage; (3) Water-air hybrid cooling stage: such as Figure 6 As shown, in this stage, the air in the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 has a density difference due to the temperature difference, which in turn forms a natural circulation driving force. Specifically, the cold air in the descending air duct 010 enters the integrated water tank 020 under the action of gravity, and enters the cold source inlet of the cooler 030 through the flow gap between the guide plate 050 and the bottom of the integrated water tank 020, where it exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat source in the cooler 030. After being heated, the air density decreases and its volume expands. Under the action of buoyancy, it enters the ascending air duct 040 and is finally discharged from the system. In this stage, a part of the cooler 030 is still submerged in cooling water. The cooling water continues to evaporate and uses the latent heat of phase change to cool the high-temperature heat source in the heat transfer tube 033, realizing the synergistic cooling of water cooling and air cooling, and ensuring the stability of the cooling effect. (4) Air cooling stage: As the cooling water continues to evaporate, when the liquid level in the integrated water tank 020 drops below the bottom height of the cooler 030, the system fully enters the air cooling stage, such as... Figure 7 As shown, at this time, the air in the descending air duct 010 and the ascending air duct 040 still rely on the density difference to form a stable natural circulation driving force. The cold air continuously enters the integrated water tank 020 and exchanges heat with the high-temperature heat source in the heat transfer tube 033 of the cooler 030, thereby achieving continuous cooling without external power and indefinite time.

[0049] The stages of the method described in this invention are sequentially connected and automatically switched, requiring no external power drive.

[0050] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. However, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-heat-sink passive cooling system, characterized in that, Includes an integrated water tank, rising air duct, falling air duct, and cooler; The integrated water tank is filled with cooling medium; the interior of the integrated water tank is equipped with a vertical guide plate, which divides the interior of the integrated water tank into a parallel rising area and a falling area that are connected at the bottom; The bottom of the rising air duct is connected to the rising area, and the bottom of the falling air duct is connected to the falling area. The cooler is arranged laterally at an angle below the rising area of ​​the integrated water tank, and a gap is left between the lower surface of the cooler and the inner bottom surface of the integrated water tank. The heat source inlet of the cooler is connected to the heat source inlet pipe outside the integrated water tank, and the heat source outlet of the cooler is connected to the heat source outlet pipe outside the integrated water tank. The lower end of the descending region is connected to the cold source inlet of the cooler; the cold source outlet of the cooler is connected to the ascending region.

2. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooler includes an installation frame and multiple sets of heat transfer tubes built into the installation frame. The installation frame is inclined along with the cooler as a whole, with a heat source inlet section connected to the heat source inlet pipe and a heat source outlet section connected to the heat source outlet pipe at both ends. The top and bottom of the installation frame are respectively provided with the cold source inlet and cold source outlet of the cooler. Each set of heat transfer tubes is located between the cold source inlet and the cold source outlet. The cold source inlet and the cold source outlet are both located on the same side of the rising area, and the cold source inlet is located at the bottom of the installation frame. The multiple sets of heat transfer tubes are evenly spaced and synchronously inclined along the axial direction of the installation frame. The inlet end of the heat transfer tube is connected to the heat source inlet section, and the outlet end of the heat transfer tube is connected to the heat source outlet section.

3. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heat source inlet section of the mounting frame is equipped with a distribution manifold, the inlet of which is connected to the heat source inlet section, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet end of each heat transfer pipe. The heat source outlet section is equipped with a manifold, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet end of each heat transfer pipe, and the outlet end of which is connected to the heat source outlet section of the mounting frame.

4. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The heat transfer tube is fitted with fins on its outer wall.

5. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the descending and ascending air ducts are located at the top of the integrated water tank.

6. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate is welded and fixed inside the integrated water tank.

7. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The cooler is installed in the integrated water tank on the same side as the rising area, with one end fixed to the side wall of the integrated water tank and the other end fixed to the guide plate.

8. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sections of the rising and falling air ducts are selected as hyperboloids or rectangular sections.

9. The multi-heat-sink passive cooling system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling medium in the integrated water tank is cooling water.

10. A passive cooling method for multiple heat traps, the method being implemented based on the passive cooling system for multiple heat traps as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method is as follows: Standby phase: Fill the integrated water tank with cooling water until the cooling water level completely submerges the cooler; Water cooling stage: The cooling water in the integrated water tank exchanges heat with the heat source in the cooler, cooling the heat source in the cooler; as the heat exchange continues, the cooling water in the integrated water tank is continuously heated and evaporated, and the liquid level in the integrated water tank gradually decreases; when the liquid level drops below the lower end of the guide plate, the downward air duct and the upward air duct are disconnected and connected, and the system automatically transitions to the water-air cooling hybrid cooling stage. Water-air hybrid cooling stage: The air in the descending air duct and the ascending air duct has a density difference due to the temperature difference, which in turn forms a natural circulation driving force and exchanges heat with the heat source in the cooler; in this stage, some areas of the cooler are still submerged in cooling water. Air cooling stage: As the cooling water continues to evaporate, when the liquid level in the integrated water tank drops below the bottom height of the cooler, the system fully enters the air cooling stage. The air in the descending air duct and the ascending air duct still relies on the density difference to form a natural circulation driving force. Cold air continuously enters the integrated water tank and exchanges heat with the heat source in the heat transfer tube of the cooler to achieve continuous cooling.

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