A method for designing parameters of a blast hole pattern for deep-hole bench blasting against a line

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for designing borehole network parameters for deep-hole bench blasting to control the resistance line, belonging to the field of blasting engineering technology. The method includes: determining the borehole diameter, bench height, bench slope angle, explosive density, and filling coefficient; calculating the charge per meter, determining the drilling angle, determining the over-depth, and calculating the borehole length; determining the explosive consumption per unit volume through table lookup or test blasts, and selecting the borehole density coefficient; determining the interval length of the interval charge based on the requirements for controlling the ore fines ratio; calculating the resistance line and row spacing accordingly, setting a resistance line threshold and making a judgment; if the requirements are met, the calculated row spacing is taken as the borehole spacing; otherwise, the borehole resistance line and row spacing are determined according to the corresponding resistance line control threshold; then, the borehole spacing is obtained based on the row spacing, and the charge per hole is calculated in conjunction with the charge length. This invention establishes a quantitative relationship between the resistance line and borehole network parameters, achieving precise control, improving blasting effect, safety, and economy, and is applicable to deep-hole bench blasting in mines and earthmoving operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of blasting engineering technology, and in particular relates to a method for designing parameters of deep-hole stepped blasting hole network to control the resistance line. Background Technology

[0002] Deep-hole bench blasting is a commonly used blasting method in mining, site leveling, and infrastructure construction. The borehole layout parameters directly affect the blasting effect, block size distribution, and construction safety. The control resistance line is one of the key parameters in borehole layout; properly determining the resistance line helps optimize blasting energy distribution, reduce the proportion of large blocks, and minimize the risks of foundation damage and flyrock.

[0003] In existing deep-hole bench blasting techniques, hole pattern parameters, such as hole diameter, row spacing, and hole spacing, are typically determined based on experience or simple formulas. There is a lack of methods for systematically controlling and dynamically adjusting the resistance line. While some methods consider rock mass characteristics or explosive properties, they fail to establish a quantitative relationship between the resistance line and hole pattern parameters, resulting in poor adaptability of hole layout parameters and difficulty in meeting the precision blasting requirements under different geological conditions.

[0004] Due to the lack of effective control over the resistance line, existing methods often result in resistance lines that are too large or too small in practical applications, leading to unstable blasting effects and even safety hazards. Furthermore, traditional methods lack a theoretical basis for adjusting borehole layout parameters, making it difficult to achieve optimal matching of borehole network parameters and affecting blasting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for designing parameters of deep-hole stepped blasting mesh to control the resistance line, thus solving the aforementioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for designing parameters of a deep-hole stepped blasting mesh for controlling the resistance line, comprising:

[0007] The aperture is determined based on the engineering machinery used, the preliminary design of the mine, and the selected explosives. Step height Drilling angle Explosive density and filling coefficient ;

[0008] Based on aperture and the density of explosives Obtain the amount of explosive charge per meter. ;

[0009] Based on step height Determine ultra-deep And based on ultra-deep and drilling angle Obtain the hole length ;

[0010] The explosive consumption per unit volume is determined by referring to tables or through test detonation based on the rock mass to be detonated. The borehole density coefficient was selected based on the rock mass integrity. ;

[0011] Based on the requirements for controlling the fines ratio, the interval length for interval charging is determined. ;

[0012] Based on drilling angle , filling coefficient Step height Explosive consumption per unit Interval length Hole density coefficient and the amount of explosive per meter Get the calculated row spacing And calculate the resistance line ;

[0013] Set minimum resistance threshold and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results:

[0014] If satisfied, then calculate the row spacing. As the spacing of the holes Calculate the resistance line That is, the actual resistance line of the hole layout. Based on hole spacing and borehole density coefficient Determine the aperture spacing 'a'; based on the charge per meter. Length of blast hole Interval length , filling coefficient and the resistance line of the pore Determine the charge amount Q per hole;

[0015] If not satisfied, then calculate the resistance line. With minimum resistance threshold Maximum resistance threshold Adjust the mesh parameters based on the comparison results;

[0016] For limestone, loosening blasting , When throwing explosives , Other types of rock should be selected based on blasting tests. The optimal range of values; Indicates aperture.

[0017] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0018] Further technical solution: the filling coefficient The values ​​are as follows: 0.7~0.8 for vertical holes and 0.9~1.0 for inclined holes, or adjusted according to the step height. When the step height is less than 10m, the inclined hole is 0.9 and the vertical hole is 0.7; when it is greater than or equal to 10m, the inclined hole is 1.0 and the vertical hole is 0.8.

[0019] A further technical solution: The amount of explosive charge per meter is determined by the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] in, This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates aperture, This indicates the density of the explosive.

[0022] Further technical solution: characterized in that the ultra-deep Determined by the following formula:

[0023]

[0024] in, Indicates extremely deep. Indicates the height of the step;

[0025] The ultra-deep Further adjustments were made based on the rank, with the extra depth of the first row of boreholes set at 0.1 meters. Add 0.3~0.5m to the original.

[0026] Further technical solution: the length of the hole Determined by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] in, Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the drilling angle. It indicates extreme depth.

[0029] Further technical solution: the borehole density coefficient The value ranges from 1.1 to 1.6, and is selected according to the degree of rock mass integrity: when the rock mass is broken, a smaller value close to 1.1 is selected, and when the rock mass is intact, a larger value close to 1.6 is selected.

[0030] Further technical solution: the interval length Determined by the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] in, Indicates the interval length. For coefficients, The orifice length is indicated. From an economic perspective, it is recommended to take a value between 0.1 and 0.2. When a low ore fines ratio is required, a larger value close to 0.2 should be taken. When a higher ore fines ratio is required, a smaller value close to 0.1 should be taken. When the ore fines ratio is not controlled, a value of 0 should be taken. The ore fines ratio is inversely proportional to the orifice length.

[0033] Further technical solution: The calculation of row spacing Determined by the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] Calculate row spacing The derivation process is as follows:

[0036] ∵

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] ∴

[0040]

[0041] Again ∵

[0042]

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] ∴

[0046]

[0047] Solving the equation, we get:

[0048]

[0049] in, This indicates the calculation of row spacing. Indicates the drilling angle. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the unit consumption of explosives. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. This parameter indicates the interval length (for in-hole loading). (If interval loading is used, this parameter represents the interval length; otherwise, the value is 0.) Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the filling length.

[0050] Further technical solution: Set a minimum resistance threshold. and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results, specifically including:

[0051] The calculation of the resistance line Determined by the following formula:

[0052]

[0053] in, This indicates the calculation of the resistance line. Indicates the drilling angle. This indicates the calculation of row spacing;

[0054] when At that time, set the hole spacing. , resistance line of the perforation The hole spacing is determined according to the following formula. :

[0055]

[0056] in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the hole spacing;

[0057] Determine the borehole filling length using the following formula. :

[0058]

[0059] in, Indicates the length of the borehole filling. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the filling length;

[0060] Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. :

[0061]

[0062] in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole;

[0063] when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ;when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ;

[0064] Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0065]

[0066] in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the drilling angle;

[0067] Determine using the following formula :

[0068]

[0069] in, Indicates the filling length. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the resistance line of the perforation;

[0070] Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. :

[0071]

[0072] in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole;

[0073] Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0074]

[0075] in, Indicates the charge per hole. Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the unit consumption of explosives;

[0076] Alternatively, determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0077]

[0078] in, Indicates the hole spacing. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the length of the borehole. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the height of the step. This indicates the unit consumption of explosives.

[0079] Further technical solutions include the following steps before blasting operations:

[0080] Measure the actual resistance line of the front row of blast holes. If the actual resistance line of a blast hole is less than the minimum resistance line threshold... If the borehole is abandoned and a new borehole is drilled at an appropriate location, or if intermittent charging is used in the borehole, then the actual resistance line of a borehole is greater than the maximum resistance line threshold. If necessary, additional blast holes should be drilled at appropriate locations.

[0081] The invention provides a method for arranging deep-hole stepped blast holes to control the resistance line, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0082] 1. This invention ensures uniform distribution of blasting energy by rationally controlling the range of the resistance line, thereby reducing the rate of large pieces and the root ratio, and improving the crushing quality;

[0083] 2. This invention can avoid the risk of flying rocks caused by an excessively small resistance line or the problems of misfires and foundations caused by an excessively large resistance line, thereby improving the safety of blasting operations.

[0084] 3. This invention can dynamically adjust the hole mesh parameters according to conditions such as rock mass integrity and step height, adapting to different geological conditions and construction requirements;

[0085] 4. This invention reduces explosive waste, improves borehole utilization, and lowers overall blasting costs by accurately calculating the charge amount per hole and borehole mesh parameters.

[0086] 5. This invention is simple to operate, highly practical, has a clear process flow, and convenient parameters, making it easy for on-site technicians to quickly apply and adjust it. Attached Figure Description

[0087] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0089] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0090] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for designing parameters of a deep-hole stepped blasting mesh for controlling the resistance line, comprising:

[0091] The aperture is determined based on the engineering machinery used, the preliminary design of the mine, and the selected explosives. Step height Drilling angle Explosive density and filling coefficient ;

[0092] Based on aperture and the density of explosives Obtain the amount of explosive charge per meter. ;

[0093] Based on step height Determine ultra-deep And based on ultra-deep and drilling angle Obtain the hole length ;

[0094] The explosive consumption per unit volume is determined by referring to tables or through test detonation based on the rock mass to be detonated. The borehole density coefficient was selected based on the rock mass integrity. ;

[0095] Based on the requirements for controlling the fines ratio, the interval length for interval charging is determined. ;

[0096] Based on drilling angle , filling coefficient Step height Explosive consumption per unit Interval length Hole density coefficient and the amount of explosive per meter Get the calculated row spacing And calculate the resistance line ;

[0097] Set minimum resistance threshold and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results:

[0098] If satisfied, then calculate the row spacing. As the spacing of the holes Calculate the resistance line That is, the actual resistance line of the hole layout. Based on hole spacing and borehole density coefficient Determine the aperture spacing 'a'; based on the charge per meter. Length of blast hole Interval length , filling coefficient and the resistance line of the pore Determine the charge amount Q per hole;

[0099] If not satisfied, then calculate the resistance line. With minimum resistance threshold Maximum resistance threshold Adjust the mesh parameters based on the comparison results;

[0100] For limestone, loosening blasting , When throwing explosives , Other types of rock should be selected based on blasting tests. The optimal range of values; Indicates aperture.

[0101] Preferably, the filling coefficient The values ​​are as follows: 0.7~0.8 for vertical holes and 0.9~1.0 for inclined holes, or adjusted according to the step height. When the step height is less than 10m, the inclined hole is 0.9 and the vertical hole is 0.7; when it is greater than or equal to 10m, the inclined hole is 1.0 and the vertical hole is 0.8.

[0102] Preferably, the charge per meter is determined by the following formula:

[0103]

[0104] in, This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates aperture, This indicates the density of the explosive.

[0105] Preferably, the ultra-deep Determined by the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] in, Indicates extremely deep. Indicates the height of the step;

[0108] The ultra-deep Further adjustments were made based on the rank, with the extra depth of the first row of boreholes set at 0.1 meters. Add 0.3~0.5m to the original.

[0109] Preferably, the length of the hole Determined by the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] in, Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the drilling angle. It indicates extreme depth.

[0112] Preferably, the borehole density coefficient The value ranges from 1.1 to 1.6, and is selected according to the degree of rock mass integrity: when the rock mass is broken, a smaller value close to 1.1 is selected, and when the rock mass is intact, a larger value close to 1.6 is selected.

[0113] Preferably, the interval length Determined by the following formula:

[0114]

[0115] in, Indicates the interval length. For coefficients, The orifice length is indicated. From an economic perspective, it is recommended to take a value between 0.1 and 0.2. When a low ore fines ratio is required, a larger value close to 0.2 should be taken. When a higher ore fines ratio is required, a smaller value close to 0.1 should be taken. When the ore fines ratio is not controlled, a value of 0 should be taken. The ore fines ratio is inversely proportional to the orifice length.

[0116] Preferably, the calculation of row spacing Determined by the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] Specifically, calculate row spacing The derivation process is as follows:

[0119] ∵

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] ∴

[0123]

[0124] Again ∵

[0125]

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] ∴

[0129]

[0130] Solving the equation, we get:

[0131]

[0132] in, This indicates the calculation of row spacing. Indicates the drilling angle. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the unit consumption of explosives. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. This parameter indicates the interval length (for in-hole loading). (If interval loading is used, this parameter represents the interval length; otherwise, the value is 0.) Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the filling length.

[0133] Preferably, a minimum resistance threshold is set. and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results, specifically including:

[0134] The calculation of the resistance line Determined by the following formula:

[0135]

[0136] in, This indicates the calculation of the resistance line. Indicates the drilling angle. This indicates the calculation of row spacing;

[0137] when At that time, set the hole spacing. , resistance line of the perforation The hole spacing is determined according to the following formula. :

[0138]

[0139] in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the hole spacing;

[0140] Determine the borehole filling length using the following formula. :

[0141]

[0142] in, Indicates the length of the borehole filling. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the filling length;

[0143] Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. :

[0144]

[0145] in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole;

[0146] when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ;when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ;

[0147] Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0148]

[0149] in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the drilling angle;

[0150] Determine using the following formula :

[0151]

[0152] in, Indicates the filling length. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the resistance line of the perforation;

[0153] Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. :

[0154]

[0155] in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole;

[0156] Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0157]

[0158] in, Indicates the charge per hole. Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the height of the step. This indicates the unit consumption of explosives.

[0159] Alternatively, determine the hole spacing using the following formula. :

[0160]

[0161] in, Indicates the hole spacing. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the length of the borehole. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the height of the step. This indicates the unit consumption of explosives.

[0162] Preferably, the following steps are included before the blasting operation:

[0163] Measure the actual resistance line of the front row of blast holes. If the actual resistance line of a blast hole is less than the minimum resistance line threshold... If the borehole is abandoned and a new borehole is drilled at an appropriate location, or if intermittent charging is used in the borehole, then the actual resistance line of a borehole is greater than the maximum resistance line threshold. If necessary, additional blast holes should be drilled at appropriate locations.

[0164] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0165] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the parameter design of a deep hole bench blasting hole network resistant to a line, characterized in that, include: Determine hole diameter Determine step height Determine drilling angle Determine explosive density Determine stemming factor ; Based on aperture And explosive density , Get the delay meter charge ; based on step height determining ultra-depth and based on ultra-depth and borehole angle acquiring hole length ; According to the explosive unit consumption of the rock mass to be blasted, the explosive unit consumption is determined by table lookup or blasting test , and according to the integrity of the rock mass, the borehole density coefficient is selected ; According to the requirement of controlling the rate of fine ore, the interval length of interval charging is determined ; Based on the angle of the borehole , the stemming coefficient , the step height , the specific charge of explosive , the interval length , the borehole density coefficient , and the delay meter charge to obtain the calculated row spacing and the calculated resistance line ; Set minimum resistance threshold and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results: If satisfied, then calculate the row spacing. As the spacing of the holes Calculate the resistance line That is, the actual resistance line of the hole layout. Based on hole spacing and borehole density coefficient Determine the hole spacing 'a' based on the filling coefficient. and the resistance line of the pore Determine the length of the borehole filling Based on the amount of explosive per meter Length of blast hole Interval length and the length of the borehole filling Determine the charge amount per hole ; If not satisfied, then calculate the resistance line. With minimum resistance threshold Maximum resistance threshold Adjust the mesh parameters based on the comparison results; For limestone, loosening blasting , When throwing explosives , ; Indicates aperture.

2. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling coefficient The values ​​are as follows: 0.7~0.8 for vertical holes and 0.9~1.0 for inclined holes, or adjusted according to the step height. When the step height is less than 10m, the inclined hole is 0.9 and the vertical hole is 0.7; when it is greater than or equal to 10m, the inclined hole is 1.0 and the vertical hole is 0.

8.

3. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of explosive charge per meter is determined by the following formula: ； in, This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates aperture, This indicates the density of the explosive.

4. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-deep Determined by the following formula: ；； in, Indicates extremely deep. Indicates the height of the step; The ultra-deep Further adjustments were made based on the rank, with the extra depth of the first row of boreholes set at 0.1 meters. Add 0.3~0.5m to the original.

5. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the hole Determined by the following formula: ； in, Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the drilling angle. It indicates extreme depth.

6. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 1, characterized in that, The borehole density coefficient The value range is 1.1 to 1.

6.

7. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 5, characterized in that, The interval length Determined by the following formula: ；； in, Indicates the interval length. For coefficients, Indicates the length of the hole.

8. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation of row spacing Determined by the following formula: ； in, This indicates the calculation of row spacing. Indicates the drilling angle. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the length of the hole. Indicates the unit consumption of explosives. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the length of the loading interval within the orifice. This represents the filling coefficient.

9. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 8, characterized in that, Set minimum resistance threshold and the maximum resistance threshold Determine and calculate the resistance line Does it meet the requirements? And select different design methods based on the judgment results, specifically including: The calculation of the resistance line Determined by the following formula: ； in, This indicates the calculation of the resistance line. Indicates the drilling angle. This indicates the calculation of row spacing; when At that time, set the hole spacing. , resistance line of the perforation The hole spacing is determined according to the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the borehole density coefficient. Indicates the hole spacing; Determine the borehole filling length using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the length of the borehole filling. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the filling length; Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole; when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ;when At that time, set the resistance line of the hole. ; Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the drilling angle; Determine using the following formula : ； in, Indicates the filling length. Indicates the filling coefficient. Indicates the resistance line of the perforation; Determine the charge amount per orifice using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the charge per hole. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the length of the borehole; Determine the hole spacing using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the charge per hole. Indicates the hole spacing. Indicates the height of the step. Indicates the unit consumption of explosives; Alternatively, determine the hole spacing using the following formula. : ； in, Indicates the hole spacing. This indicates the amount of explosive charge per meter. Indicates the length of the borehole. Indicates the interval length. Indicates the filling length. Indicates the resistance line of the pores. Indicates the height of the step. This indicates the unit consumption of explosives.

10. The method for designing deep-hole stepped blasting mesh parameters for controlling the resistance line according to claim 9, characterized in that, The following steps are included before the blasting operation: Measure the actual resistance line of the front row of blast holes. If the actual resistance line of a blast hole is less than the minimum resistance line threshold... If the borehole is abandoned and a new borehole is drilled at an appropriate location, or if intermittent charging is used in the borehole, then the actual resistance line of a borehole is greater than the maximum resistance line threshold. If necessary, additional blast holes should be drilled at appropriate locations.

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