A device for real-time monitoring of differential settlement in road expansion projects and a method of using the same

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of road engineering monitoring equipment technology, and discloses a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road expansion projects and its usage method. The device includes a vertical support column with a ground-breaking cone at its lower end for roadbed anchoring. Two symmetrically mounted lifting columns with pads are installed on both sides. A balance bar is rotatably connected to the upper end via a sliding rod. The balance bar is horizontally mounted on the lifting columns and pressed down by elastic components. Independent photoelectric alarm units, mechanically linked to the tilting action of the balance bar, are symmetrically installed at both ends. In use, the device is fixed at the junction of the old and new road surfaces. Differential settlement causes the corresponding lifting column to move downwards, tilting the balance bar and automatically triggering the settlement-side alarm. This invention employs differential mechanical sensing and low-power photoelectric linkage technology, which can accurately capture millimeter-level settlement, achieving real-time automatic early warning. The device is stable, reliable, low-power, and easy to maintain, making it suitable for long-term on-site monitoring of road expansion projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road engineering monitoring equipment technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road expansion projects and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As an important part of urban infrastructure upgrading, road expansion projects are affected by multiple factors such as geological conditions, construction disturbance, and vehicle load. Differential settlement is prone to occur at the junction of the expanded road section and the original road. Uneven settlement of the road surface can not only cause road surface cracks, potholes, and bridge approach slabs, affecting the comfort and service life of the road, but also cause safety hazards such as roadbed instability and pipeline damage in severe cases. Therefore, accurate and timely monitoring of differential settlement of the road is the core link to ensure the quality of road expansion projects and the safety of subsequent operation.

[0003] Currently, differential settlement monitoring in road expansion projects mostly adopts traditional manual detection methods, such as leveling instrument measurement, total station observation, and settlement plate monitoring. Although these methods can obtain settlement data to a certain extent, they have significant shortcomings in terms of timeliness, continuity, and accuracy. On the one hand, traditional monitoring methods cannot achieve long-term online real-time monitoring, and are mostly periodic manual on-site inspections. Settlement changes within the monitoring interval cannot be captured in time. Once sudden or rapid uneven settlement occurs on the road surface, it is difficult to detect it in time, and the best time for treatment may be missed, leading to further development of settlement problems. On the other hand, each measurement requires a large number of professional testing personnel and equipment to complete a series of procedures such as on-site point layout, data collection, and data processing and analysis. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, greatly increasing the manpower and time costs of engineering monitoring, but also susceptible to human operational errors, environmental interference, and other factors, making it difficult to guarantee the objectivity and accuracy of the measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road expansion projects and its usage method, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road expansion projects, comprising a vertically arranged support column, wherein a soil-breaking cone for inserting into the roadbed is fixedly installed at the lower end of the support column; lifting columns are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the support column, and both lifting columns are vertically slidably connected to the support column through an installation component; and a pad for conforming to the road surface in the road expansion project is fixedly installed at the lower end of both lifting columns.

[0006] The upper side of the support column has a through-hole, and the upper end of the support column has a vertically connected movable hole. A movable rod is vertically slidably installed in the movable hole. The lower end of the movable rod extends into the slot and is horizontally hinged to a balance rod. The balance rod is horizontally supported on the upper ends of the two lifting columns. The support column is provided with an elastic component for driving the movable rod to keep the balance rod pressed against the upper surfaces of the two lifting columns.

[0007] The balance bar is symmetrically equipped with independent photoelectric alarm units at both ends. The photoelectric alarm units are mechanically linked to the tilting action of the balance bar. When the road surface on one side settles, causing the corresponding lifting column to move down and the balance bar to tilt towards the settlement side, the photoelectric alarm unit on the settlement side will automatically trigger an alarm.

[0008] Furthermore, the installation assembly includes a mounting base symmetrically fixedly installed on the side of the support column, a vertical rod fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting base, and a lifting seat vertically slidably sleeved on the vertical rod. The lifting seat is fixedly connected to the lifting column on the corresponding side. A lifting column compression spring is sleeved on the vertical rod. The two ends of the lifting column compression spring are fixedly connected to the mounting base and the lifting seat respectively, and are used to provide a downward elastic force for the lifting column. A stop block is fixedly installed at the lower end of the vertical rod.

[0009] Furthermore, the elastic component includes a circular block fixedly installed on the upper end of the moving rod and a balance bar compression spring sleeved on the moving rod, with both ends of the balance bar compression spring fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support column and the circular block, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the photoelectric alarm unit includes a laser emitter, a laser receiver, an alarm, a laser partition, and a transmission assembly; both ends of the balance bar have mounting cavities, and the end face of the balance bar has a through hole communicating with the mounting cavity; the laser emitter is horizontally fixedly installed in the mounting cavity; the laser receiver is installed at the end of the balance bar via a bracket assembly and corresponds to the emission optical path of the laser emitter; the alarm is fixedly installed on the balance bar and electrically connected to the corresponding laser receiver; the laser partition is vertically inserted into a rectangular hole on the upper surface of the balance bar; the transmission assembly connects the laser partition to the support column and is used to pull the laser partition upward to open the through hole when the balance bar is tilted, so that the laser emitted by the laser emitter can be received by the laser receiver.

[0011] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a pull rope and a guide component, one end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the laser partition, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper side of the support column.

[0012] The guiding component includes a support frame fixedly mounted on a balance bar and a guide wheel rotatably mounted on the upper end of the support frame, with the pull rope resting on the guide wheel.

[0013] Furthermore, the bracket assembly includes a mounting plate, an L-shaped support block, a fixing block, and a positioning bolt; the fixing block is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the balance bar, and a positioning hole is provided on the side of the fixing block, and a threaded hole communicating with the positioning hole is provided on the lower surface; one end of the L-shaped support block is horizontally inserted into the positioning hole, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mounting plate, and the laser receiver is fixedly installed on the mounting plate; the positioning bolt is threaded into the threaded hole and its end abuts against the L-shaped support block.

[0014] Furthermore, support blocks are fixedly installed on both the front and rear sides of the support column, and each support block has a vertically protruding insertion hole; a protective cover is provided above the support column, and mounting blocks are fixedly installed on both the front and rear inner walls of the protective cover. Pins are vertically fixedly installed on the lower surfaces of the two mounting blocks, and the pins are inserted into the insertion holes of the support blocks; threaded grooves are provided at the ends of the two support blocks away from the support column, and mounting holes are provided on the side of the protective cover. Locking bolts are inserted into the mounting holes, and one end of the locking bolts is threaded into the threaded grooves.

[0015] Furthermore, rectangular plates are symmetrically fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the support column, and the rectangular plates are set in the joint between the original road surface and the newly built road surface; the rectangular plates have multiple round holes equidistantly opened on their surfaces.

[0016] A method for using a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Select monitoring points at the junction of the old and new road surfaces in the road expansion project, and vertically insert the support column into the roadbed to the design depth using a soil-breaking cone to ensure that the support column is vertical and stable; place the two pads stably on the original road surface and the newly built road surface respectively, so that the lifting column fits tightly with the corresponding road surface;

[0018] S2. Adjust the balance bar to a horizontal position. At this time, both photoelectric alarm units are in an untriggered state. Calibrate the trigger sensitivity of the photoelectric alarm units to ensure that the alarm on the corresponding side can be triggered normally when the balance bar is tilted to either side.

[0019] S3. When differential settlement occurs between the old and new road surfaces, the road surface on the settlement side causes the corresponding lifting column to move vertically downward along the support column, causing the balance bar to lose horizontal balance and tilt towards the settlement side; when the balance bar tilts, the photoelectric alarm unit on the settlement side is triggered by mechanical linkage to issue an alarm, realizing real-time early warning of differential settlement.

[0020] S4. Regularly check the working status of the support columns, lifting columns, balance bars and photoelectric alarm units, and replace damaged core components in a timely manner.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In this invention, the two pads of the device can be respectively erected on the road surface of the newly expanded road and the original old road. The support column is fixed at the road junction by the soil-breaking cone. When the new and old roads experience differential settlement due to geological, load and other factors, the corresponding lifting column moves vertically in sync under the elastic force of the balance bar compression spring, thereby pushing the balance bar to tilt, realizing the mechanical sensing of differential settlement. It can accurately capture the subtle settlement changes of the road surface, providing a basis for subsequent monitoring and early warning, and solving the problem that traditional monitoring cannot detect settlement in a timely manner.

[0023] 2. In this invention, when the balance bar tilts, the transmission assembly consisting of a pull rope and a guide wheel pulls the laser partition vertically upward, directly opening the through hole on the outside of the laser emitter. At this time, the laser emitted by the laser emitter can pass through the through hole and be accurately received by the laser receiver. After receiving the signal, the alarm is immediately triggered to issue an alarm prompt. The entire monitoring and early warning process is an automated mode of mechanical linkage and photoelectric sensing, without the need for manual intervention. It can realize real-time monitoring and immediate alarm of road differential settlement, timely capture sudden settlement, rapid uneven settlement and other situations, avoid missing the best time for treatment, and effectively prevent the further development of settlement disease.

[0024] 3. In this invention, the lifting column compression spring at the lifting column and the balance bar compression spring at the moving rod form a dual elastic compensation structure. The former ensures the accurate transmission of road settlement displacement, and the latter ensures the accurate triggering of the balance bar tilting action. The position of the lifting column and the moving rod can be adaptively adjusted according to the magnitude of road settlement, so that the balance bar always keeps in contact with the lifting column. This ensures that the tilting sensing can be accurately triggered when there is slight settlement, and can also adapt to larger settlement changes. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic component;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the installed components;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photoelectric alarm unit.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Support column; 2. Breaking cone; 3. Lifting column; 4. Pad plate; 5. Moving rod; 6. Balance bar; 7. Mounting base; 8. Vertical rod; 9. Lifting base; 10. Stop block; 11. Lifting column compression spring; 12. Round block; 13. Balance bar compression spring; 14. Laser transmitter; 15. Laser receiver; 16. Alarm; 17. Mounting cavity; 18. Through hole; 19. Laser partition; 20. Pull rope; 21. Support frame; 22. Guide wheel; 23. Mounting plate; 24. L-shaped support block; 25. Fixing block; 26. Positioning bolt; 27. Support block; 28. Protective cover; 29. ​​Mounting block; 30. Pin; 31. Locking bolt; 32. Rectangular plate; 33. Round hole. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Reference Figure 1-7 The present invention provides an embodiment of a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road expansion projects, comprising a vertically arranged support column 1, which provides core support for the entire device and is made of high-strength steel with good resistance to deformation; a conical soil-breaking cone 2 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the support column 1, and the surface of the soil-breaking cone 2 is hardened to facilitate quick insertion into the roadbed, thereby achieving soil anchoring of the device and preventing the device from tipping over due to road vibration or settlement;

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, lifting columns 3 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the support column 1. Both lifting columns 3 are vertically slidably connected to the support column 1 via mounting components. The mounting components include mounting seats 7 symmetrically fixedly installed on the side of the support column 1, vertical rods 8 vertically fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting seats 7, and lifting seats 9 vertically slidably sleeved on the vertical rods 8. The lifting seats 9 are fixedly connected to the lifting columns 3 on the corresponding side. The vertical rods 8 provide vertical sliding guidance for the lifting seats 9, restricting the lifting columns 3 to move only in the vertical direction, avoiding settlement sensing errors caused by horizontal offset. Lifting seats 9 are sleeved on the vertical rods 8. The column compression spring 11, after installation, is in a compressed state, continuously providing downward elastic force to the lifting column 3. The continuous downward elastic force of the lifting column compression spring 11 ensures that the pad 4 always maintains close contact with the road surface, so that even if there are slight undulations in the road surface, there will be no missed detection, ensuring that the settlement displacement can be accurately transmitted to the lifting column 3 in a 1:1 ratio; the lower end of the vertical rod 8 is fixedly installed with a stop block 10 to limit the downward stroke of the lifting seat 9, prevent the lifting column 3 from falling off the vertical rod 8 due to excessive descent, and avoid the lifting column 3 from falling off the guide structure under extreme settlement conditions, thus ensuring the reliability of the device operation;

[0036] Both rising bollards 3 have a circular pad 4 fixedly installed at their lower ends. The pad 4 is made of wear-resistant rubber, which increases the contact area between the rising bollard 3 and the road surface, preventing the rising bollard 3 from sinking into the road surface. At the same time, it ensures that the settling force can be accurately transmitted to the rising bollard 3. The wear-resistant rubber material can also buffer the impact force generated by vehicle rolling and extend the service life of the device.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, a through-hole is provided on the upper side of the support column 1 to provide rotation space for the balance bar 6; a movable hole connected to the through-hole is vertically provided on the upper end of the support column 1, and a movable rod 5 is vertically slidably installed in the movable hole; the lower end of the movable rod 5 extends into the through-hole and is horizontally hinged to the balance bar 6, which is horizontally erected on the upper ends of the two lifting columns 3 to form a horizontal balance structure; when differential settlement occurs between the old and new road surfaces, the lifting column 3 on the settlement side moves down, causing the balance bar 6 to tilt towards the settlement side, converting the settlement displacement into an angle change, and realizing the mechanical sensing of settlement. This differential sensing structure directly compares the relative displacement difference between the old and new road surfaces, avoiding the error caused by the drift of the benchmark point in traditional absolute settlement monitoring, and can accurately capture minute settlement changes at the millimeter level.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, an elastic component is provided on the support column 1 to drive the moving rod 5 to keep the balance rod 6 pressed against the upper surface of the two lifting columns 3. The elastic component includes a circular block 12 fixedly installed on the upper end of the moving rod 5 and a balance rod compression spring 13 sleeved on the moving rod 5. The two ends of the balance rod compression spring 13 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support column 1 and the circular block 12, respectively, and are in a stretched state after installation. The balance rod compression spring 13 and the lifting column compression spring 11 at the lifting column 3 together form a dual elastic compensation system to ensure that the balance rod 6 can fit tightly against the lifting column 3 under different settlement amplitudes, thereby improving the monitoring sensitivity. The dual elastic compensation system can adapt to the settlement change range from millimeters to centimeters, ensuring high sensitivity during slight settlement and coping with sudden large settlement, thus greatly expanding the applicable scenarios of the device.

[0039] like Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, independent photoelectric alarm units are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the balance bar 6. The photoelectric alarm units are mechanically linked to the tilting action of the balance bar 6. The independent photoelectric alarm units on both sides can accurately indicate the specific side where settlement occurs, making it easy for staff to quickly locate the fault location without additional direction judgment steps. Each photoelectric alarm unit includes a laser emitter 14, a laser receiver 15, an alarm 16, a laser partition 19, and a transmission assembly. The interior of both ends of the balance bar 6 is provided with mounting cavities 17, and the end face of the balance bar 6 is provided with through holes 18 communicating with the mounting cavities 17. The laser emitter 14 is horizontally fixedly installed in the mounting cavity 17. The laser receiver 15 is installed at the end of the balance bar 6 through a bracket assembly and corresponds to the emission optical path of the laser emitter 14. The alarm 16 is an integrated sound and light alarm, fixedly installed on the balance bar 6 and electrically connected to the corresponding laser receiver 15. This purely mechanical linkage triggering mechanism only activates the photoelectric alarm circuit when settlement occurs, which greatly reduces the overall power consumption of the device. A single battery can support the device to operate continuously for more than 12 months.

[0040] The laser partition 19 is made of opaque metal and is vertically inserted into a rectangular hole on the upper surface of the balance bar 6. In the initial state, the laser partition 19 blocks the through hole 18, blocking laser transmission. The transmission assembly connects the laser partition 19 and the support column 1, including a pull rope 20 and a guide component. The pull rope 20 is made of high-strength nylon rope, with one end fixedly connected to the upper end of the laser partition 19 and the other end fixedly connected to the upper side of the support column 1. The guide component includes a support frame 21 fixedly installed on the balance bar 6 and a guide wheel 22 rotatably installed on the upper end of the support frame 21. The pull rope 20 is laid on the guide wheel 22 to change the direction of the pulling force and reduce the pulling force loss. When the balance bar 6 tilts, the pull rope 20 is pulled, causing the laser partition 19 to move upward and open the through hole 18, so that the laser emitted by the laser transmitter 14 is received by the laser receiver 15, thereby triggering the alarm 16.

[0041] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the bracket assembly includes a mounting plate 23, an L-shaped support block 24, a fixing block 25, and a positioning bolt 26. The fixing block 25 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the balance bar 6, with a positioning hole on its side and a threaded hole communicating with the positioning hole on its lower surface. One end of the L-shaped support block 24 is horizontally inserted into the positioning hole, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 23. The laser receiver 15 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 23. The positioning bolt 26 is threaded into the threaded hole and its end abuts against the L-shaped support block 24. By loosening the positioning bolt 26, the position of the laser receiver 15 can be finely adjusted to ensure accurate laser alignment. The installation, debugging, and subsequent maintenance and replacement are convenient. The adjustable bracket structure allows for quick calibration of the laser beam path during installation and maintenance, reducing the technical threshold for on-site debugging. Ordinary construction personnel can complete the operation after simple training.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, support blocks 27 are fixedly installed on both the front and rear sides of the support column 1, and each support block 27 has a vertically protruding insertion hole. A protective cover 28 is installed above the support column 1. The protective cover 28 is made of waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant engineering plastic. Mounting blocks 29 are fixedly installed on the front and rear inner walls of the protective cover 28. Pins 30 are vertically fixedly installed on the lower surface of each mounting block 29. The pins 30 are inserted into the insertion holes of the support blocks 27. Threaded grooves are opened at the ends of the two support blocks 27 away from the support column 1. Mounting holes are opened on the side of the protective cover 28. Locking bolts 31 are inserted into the mounting holes. One end of the locking bolts 31 is threaded into the threaded groove, realizing the detachable fixing of the protective cover 28 and effectively protecting the core components from outdoor environmental corrosion.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, rectangular plates 32 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the support column 1. The rectangular plates 32 are set in the joint between the original road surface and the newly built road surface. The soil-breaking cone 2 relies solely on the friction between the soil and the cone surface. Under the horizontal vibration generated by repeated vehicle rolling and the side load of strong wind, the support column 1 is prone to rotate around the vertical axis, causing the balance bar 6 to deviate from the initial reference position and triggering a false alarm. The setting of the rectangular plates 32 on both sides of the support column 1 adds two horizontal support points. When the support column 1 has a tendency to rotate, the rectangular plates 32 will be rigidly blocked by the road surface, completely eliminating the risk of rotation around the vertical axis. The rectangular plates 32 have multiple round holes 33 equidistantly opened on the surface of the plate, which reduces the weight of the device while ensuring structural strength, making it convenient for on-site handling and installation.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for using the real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects as described in Embodiment 1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] S1. Device Installation: Select monitoring points at the junction of the old and new road surfaces in the road widening project, clear debris from the points, and vertically insert the support column 1 into the roadbed to the design depth using the soil-breaking cone 2 to ensure that the support column 1 is vertical and stable; adjust the position of the rectangular plate 32 so that it is vertically inserted into the joint between the old and new road surfaces, and fix the rectangular plate 32 to the road surface if necessary with steel nails; place the two pads 4 stably on the original road surface and the newly built road surface respectively, and under the elastic force of the lifting column compression spring 11, the lifting column 3 drives the pads 4 to fit tightly against the corresponding road surface;

[0047] S2. Debugging and Calibration: Adjust the balance bar 6 to a horizontal position. At this time, the laser partition 19 blocks the through hole 18, and there is no signal transmission between the laser transmitter 14 and the laser receiver 15. Both photoelectric alarm units are in an untriggered state. Loosen the positioning bolt 26 and make slight adjustments to the position of the L-shaped support block 24 to ensure that the emission light paths of the laser receiver 15 and the laser transmitter 14 are precisely aligned. Then tighten the positioning bolt 26. Adjust the reserved length of the pull rope 20 to calibrate the trigger sensitivity of the photoelectric alarm unit to ensure that the alarm 16 on the corresponding side can be triggered normally when the balance bar 6 tilts to either side to the warning angle. Insert the pin 30 of the protective cover 28 into the insertion hole of the support block 27, tighten the locking bolt 31 to fix the protective cover 28, and complete the device debugging.

[0048] S3. Real-time monitoring: After the device is put into operation, when differential settlement occurs between the old and new road surfaces, the road surface on the settlement side sinks, causing the corresponding side pad 4 and lifting column 3 to move vertically downward along the vertical bar 8, causing the balance bar 6 to lose horizontal balance and tilt towards the settlement side; when the balance bar 6 tilts, the pull rope 20 fixedly connected to the support column 1 is pulled, and the direction of the pulling force is changed through the guide wheel 22, causing the corresponding side laser partition 19 to move upward along the rectangular hole, opening the through hole 18; the laser emitted by the laser emitter 14 passes through the through hole 18 and is received by the laser receiver 15, and the laser receiver 15 immediately sends an electrical signal to the alarm 16, triggering the alarm 16 on the corresponding side to issue an audible and visual alarm, reminding the staff to deal with it in time;

[0049] S4. Operation and Maintenance: Regularly loosen the locking bolts 31 to remove the protective cover 28, check the structural integrity of the support column 1, lifting column 3, and balance bar 6, as well as the working status of the laser transmitter 14, laser receiver 15, and alarm 16; check the wear of the pull rope 20 and the elasticity of the lifting column compression spring 11 and balance bar compression spring 13, and replace damaged or aged parts in a timely manner; calibrate the trigger sensitivity of the device once a quarter to ensure monitoring accuracy; after maintenance, reinstall and fix the protective cover 28.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects, comprising vertically arranged support columns (1), characterized in that, The lower end of the support column (1) is fixedly installed with a soil-breaking cone (2) for inserting into the roadbed; the left and right sides of the support column (1) are symmetrically provided with lifting columns (3), and the two lifting columns (3) are vertically slidably connected to the support column (1) through the installation components. The lower ends of the two lifting columns (3) are fixedly installed with pads (4) for fitting the road surface in the road expansion project. The upper side of the support column (1) is provided with a through strip hole, and the upper end of the support column (1) is provided with a vertical moving hole that communicates with the strip hole. A moving rod (5) is vertically slidably installed in the moving hole. The lower end of the moving rod (5) extends into the strip hole and is horizontally hinged to a balance rod (6). The balance rod (6) is horizontally mounted on the upper end of the two lifting columns (3). The support column (1) is provided with an elastic component for driving the moving rod (5) to drive the balance rod (6) to always press against the upper surface of the two lifting columns (3). The balance bar (6) is symmetrically equipped with independent photoelectric alarm units at both ends. The photoelectric alarm units are mechanically linked to the tilting action of the balance bar (6). When the road surface on one side settles, causing the corresponding lifting column (3) to move down and the balance bar (6) to tilt towards the settlement side, the photoelectric alarm unit on the settlement side will automatically trigger an alarm.

2. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation assembly includes a mounting base (7) symmetrically fixedly installed on the side of the support column (1), a vertical rod (8) vertically fixedly installed on the lower surface of the mounting base (7), and a lifting seat (9) vertically slidably sleeved on the vertical rod (8). The lifting seat (9) is fixedly connected to the lifting column (3) on the corresponding side. A lifting column compression spring (11) is sleeved on the vertical rod (8). The two ends of the lifting column compression spring (11) are fixedly connected to the mounting base (7) and the lifting seat (9) respectively, and are used to provide downward elastic force for the lifting column (3). A stop block (10) is fixedly installed at the lower end of the vertical rod (8).

3. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic component includes a round block (12) fixedly installed on the upper end of the moving rod (5) and a balance bar compression spring (13) sleeved on the moving rod (5). The two ends of the balance bar compression spring (13) are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support column (1) and the round block (12), respectively.

4. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoelectric alarm unit includes a laser emitter (14), a laser receiver (15), an alarm (16), a laser partition (19), and a transmission assembly. The balance bar (6) has mounting cavities (17) at both ends, and a through hole (18) communicating with the mounting cavity (17) is opened on the end face of the balance bar (6). The laser emitter (14) is horizontally fixedly installed inside the mounting cavity (17). The laser receiver (15) is installed at the end of the balance bar (6) via a bracket assembly and corresponds to the emission path of the laser emitter (14). The alarm (16) is fixedly installed on the balance bar (6) and electrically connected to the corresponding laser receiver (15). The laser partition (19) is vertically inserted into a rectangular hole on the upper surface of the balance bar (6). The transmission assembly connects the laser partition (19) to the support column (1) and is used to pull the laser partition (19) upwards to open the through hole (18) when the balance bar (6) tilts, so that the laser emitted by the laser emitter (14) is received by the laser receiver (15).

5. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission assembly includes a pull rope (20) and a guide component. One end of the pull rope (20) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the laser partition (19), and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper side of the support column (1). The guide component includes a support frame (21) fixedly mounted on the balance bar (6) and a guide wheel (22) rotatably mounted on the upper end of the support frame (21), and the pull rope (20) is laid on the guide wheel (22).

6. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bracket assembly includes a mounting plate (23), an L-shaped support block (24), a fixing block (25), and a positioning bolt (26). The fixing block (25) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the balance bar (6). The fixing block (25) has a positioning hole on its side and a threaded hole communicating with the positioning hole on its lower surface. One end of the L-shaped support block (24) is horizontally inserted into the positioning hole, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (23). The laser receiver (15) is fixedly installed on the mounting plate (23). The positioning bolt (26) is threaded into the threaded hole and its end abuts against the L-shaped support block (24).

7. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support blocks (27) are fixedly installed on both the front and rear sides of the support column (1), and each of the two support blocks (27) has a vertically opened insertion hole; a protective cover (28) is provided above the support column (1), and mounting blocks (29) are fixedly installed on both the front and rear inner walls of the protective cover (28), and pins (30) are vertically fixedly installed on the lower surface of each of the two mounting blocks (29), and the pins (30) are correspondingly inserted into the insertion holes of the support blocks (27); threaded grooves are opened at the ends of the two support blocks (27) away from the support column (1), and mounting holes are opened on the side of the protective cover (28), and locking bolts (31) are inserted into the mounting holes, with one end of the locking bolts (31) threadedly connected to the threaded groove.

8. The real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rectangular plates (32) are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the support column (1). The rectangular plates (32) are set in the joint between the original road surface and the newly built road surface. Multiple round holes (33) are equidistantly opened on the surface of the rectangular plates (32).

9. A method of using a real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects, comprising the real-time monitoring device for differential settlement in road widening projects as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select monitoring points at the junction of the old and new road surfaces in the road expansion project, and insert the support column (1) vertically into the roadbed to the design depth through the soil breaking cone (2) to ensure that the support column (1) is vertical and stable; place the two pads (4) on the original road surface and the newly built road surface respectively, so that the lifting column (3) is closely attached to the corresponding road surface; S2. Adjust the balance bar (6) to a horizontal state. At this time, both photoelectric alarm units are in an untriggered state. Calibrate the trigger sensitivity of the photoelectric alarm units to ensure that the alarm on the corresponding side can be triggered normally when the balance bar (6) is tilted to any side. S3. When differential settlement occurs between the old and new road surfaces, the road surface on the settlement side causes the corresponding lifting column (3) to move vertically downward along the support column (1), causing the balance bar (6) to lose horizontal balance and tilt towards the settlement side; when the balance bar (6) tilts, the photoelectric alarm unit on the settlement side is triggered by mechanical linkage to issue an alarm, thereby realizing real-time early warning of differential settlement. S4. Regularly check the working status of the support column (1), lifting column (3), balance bar (6) and photoelectric alarm unit, and replace damaged core components in a timely manner.

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