A river shoal self-adaptive servo water and sediment flux monitoring system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of water and sediment flux detection technology, specifically disclosing an adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for riverbeds. The integrated monitoring and control mechanism in this application, through a monitoring end extending from the bottom of the monitoring chamber, drives a sediment-water boundary tracking float to always remain in contact with the interface between clear water and silt on the riverbed. When the riverbed experiences siltation and rise or scouring and subsidence, the sediment-water boundary tracking float synchronously generates vertical displacement, thereby driving multiple sets of multi-stage telescopic rods, fixedly connected at both ends to a float plate and the sediment-water boundary tracking float, to extend and retract synchronously. This allows the follow-up layered water and sediment monitoring mechanism, fixed to each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rods, to continuously adjust its vertical monitoring position according to changes in water depth and bed scouring and silting, achieving continuous real-time monitoring of water and sediment parameters under all working conditions in riverbeds, completely solving the monitoring blind spot problem in extremely shallow water areas and scenarios of severe bed scouring and silting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of water and sediment flux detection technology, and in particular to an adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows. Background Technology

[0002] Riverbeds and shoals are an important component of river systems, serving multiple functions including flood control, ecology, and navigation. Their water and sediment transport processes directly affect riverbed stability, bank safety, and aquatic habitats. Real-time monitoring of water and sediment fluxes in riverbeds and shoals is a crucial foundation for flood control scheduling, ecological protection, water conservancy project operation and maintenance, and river dynamics research, and has significant practical application value.

[0003] Current river water and sediment flux monitoring mainly focuses on two parameters: flow rate and sediment concentration. The mainstream monitoring equipment and solutions are divided into two categories: fixed and mobile. The core of the fixed solution is a current meter and a sediment concentration sensor, which are fixed to the monitoring section via rigid supports. It is equipped with data acquisition, power supply, and transmission modules. After collecting flow velocity and sediment concentration data, the water and sediment flux is calculated by combining the cross-sectional parameters. The mobile solution mounts the monitoring equipment on a vessel, collecting data while moving along the cross-section. In shallow water areas, manual fixed-point monitoring can also be used to supplement data.

[0004] Existing monitoring technologies and equipment are primarily designed for main channels of rivers and are ill-suited for the drastic scouring and sedimentation changes in shallow riverbeds. Because sensors on fixed supports are easily suspended or buried by sediment due to scouring, they become ineffective, and monitoring benchmarks are prone to drift. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve monitoring equipment to meet the requirements of monitoring and measurement in shallow riverbeds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of existing water and sediment flux monitoring equipment being unable to adapt to changes in the scouring and deposition of riverbeds and shallows, being prone to monitoring failures, and having easily drifting benchmarks, this application provides an adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for riverbeds and shallows.

[0006] This application provides an adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for shallow river channels, which adopts the following technical solution: An adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for shallow river channels includes an anchoring base and a locking mechanism for fixing the anchoring base to the riverbed of the river channel. The locking mechanism is located at the bottom of the anchoring base. Multiple parallel guide rods are fixed on the upper surface of the anchoring base. A monitoring chamber is provided above the anchoring base. A floating plate is fixed at the bottom of the monitoring chamber. A guide structure that slides along the length of the guide rods is provided between the monitoring chamber and each of the guide rods. The monitoring cabin is equipped with an integrated monitoring and control mechanism for monitoring the water and sediment flux in the shallow river channel. The monitoring end of the integrated monitoring and control mechanism extends from the bottom of the monitoring cabin, and a mud-water boundary tracking float is fixed to the monitoring end. Multiple sets of multi-stage telescopic rods are arranged between the float and the mud-water boundary tracking float. One end of each multi-stage telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the float, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mud-water boundary tracking float. Each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rod is equipped with a follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism.

[0007] Optionally, the integrated monitoring and control mechanism includes a hydrological data acquisition instrument, a storage battery, and a rotary encoder installed in the monitoring cabin, wherein the hydrological data acquisition instrument, the storage battery, and the rotary encoder are all electrically connected. A transmission structure is provided between the rotary input end of the rotary encoder and the mud-water boundary tracking float. The transmission structure is used to convert the vertical linear displacement of the mud-water boundary tracking float into the rotational motion of the rotary encoder, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the bed elevation change.

[0008] Optionally, the transmission structure includes a transmission rod, a transmission rack, and a transmission gear. The transmission rod is fixedly connected to the top of the mud-water boundary tracking float and passes through the float plate into the monitoring cabin. The transmission rack is fixed to the end of the transmission rod along its length. The transmission gear is coaxially fixed to the input end of the rotary encoder, and the transmission rack and the transmission gear mesh with each other.

[0009] Optionally, the mud-water boundary tracking float is a vertical axisymmetric rotating body structure with a sealing isolation plate inside. The sealing isolation plate divides the inner cavity of the mud-water boundary tracking float into two independent chambers, with the upper part being a fully enclosed constant buoyancy chamber and the lower part being an interface sensing chamber with openings at the bottom and side walls. The side wall openings of the interface sensing chamber face the same direction as the river flow.

[0010] Optionally, the overall density of the mud-water boundary tracking float is between the density of clear river water and the density of saturated sediment. When half of the volume of the interface sensing cavity is in the sediment and half of the volume is in the clear water, the overall buoyancy of the mud-water boundary tracking float is balanced with its own weight.

[0011] Optionally, the follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism includes an optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor and a miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor. Each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rod has an installation port on its side wall, and the optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor and the miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor are respectively fixedly installed in the corresponding installation port.

[0012] Optionally, three multi-stage telescopic rods are provided, each with a symmetrical arrangement of rotation centers, and each multi-stage telescopic rod is provided with a three-stage telescopic joint. Each of the multi-stage telescopic rods has an optical backscattered sand content sensor and two miniature Doppler flow velocity sensors fixedly installed at its mounting port, and the optical backscattered sand content sensors on each of the multi-stage telescopic rods are located on the telescopic joints at different heights.

[0013] Optionally, the locking mechanism includes a locking rod and a locking part, and multiple sets of the locking rod and the locking part are provided. Each locking rod is fixed to the anchoring base, and each locking part is fixed to the end of the locking rod away from the anchoring base, and the locking part is provided in the shape of a barb.

[0014] Optionally, the guide structure includes multiple guide cylinders fixed to the side wall of the monitoring cabin, each guide cylinder being slidably sleeved on a corresponding guide rod, and each guide rod having a limiting plate at its top for limiting the sliding of the monitoring cabin.

[0015] Optionally, a plurality of guide balls are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of each guide cylinder, and each guide ball rolls against the outer peripheral wall of the corresponding guide rod.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application utilizes a dual-cavity mud-water boundary tracking float to achieve self-adaptive locking of the interface without power or electrical control by leveraging the density difference between clear water and saturated sediment. It can synchronously generate vertical displacement as the riverbed rises due to sedimentation and sinks due to scouring, providing a stable and unchanging bed surface reference for the entire monitoring system. At the same time, relying on multi-stage telescopic rods that are rigidly connected to the water surface following float and the bed surface tracking float at both ends respectively, the real-time water depth changes are directly converted into the extension and retraction stroke of the telescopic rods. This ensures that the water and sediment monitoring sensors fixed on the telescopic joints always maintain a fixed vertical position relative to the bed surface, completely solving the problems of monitoring reference drift and measuring point failure caused by scouring and sedimentation of fixed support sensors.

[0017] 2. This application simultaneously configures two miniature Doppler velocity sensors and one optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor on the three-stage expansion joint of a single telescopic rod. The sediment concentration sensors of the three telescopic rods are staggered on the expansion joints at different heights, realizing full coverage monitoring of water and sediment parameters in the transverse left, middle and right and vertical directions of the monitoring section. It not only captures the transverse distribution characteristics of shallow water flow through multi-point velocity acquisition, ensuring the accuracy of cross-sectional average velocity calculation, but also fully restores the vertical distribution law of suspended sediment in the water body through stratified sediment concentration acquisition, significantly reducing the systematic error of water and sediment flux calculation.

[0018] 3. This application integrates all core electrical components, such as the hydrological data acquisition instrument, battery, and rotary encoder, into the monitoring cabin that rises and falls with the water surface. This minimizes the risk of corrosion and damage to the electrical components from outdoor water, silt, and exposure to sunlight and rain. Simultaneously, the anchoring mechanism, with multiple sets of hook-shaped locking parts at the bottom of the anchoring base, ensures stable anchoring of the device in shallow, soft riverbeds and under high-velocity flow conditions during flood season. This effectively prevents the device from floating, shifting, or collapsing. The monitoring cabin and guide rod employ a guide structure with circumferentially evenly distributed guide balls, converting traditional sliding friction into rolling friction. This significantly reduces the frictional resistance of the vertical sliding of the monitoring cabin, enabling precise and lag-free tracking of minute water level changes even in extremely shallow water and with minimal buoyancy during the dry season. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the monitoring device in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the monitoring module and part of its internal structure.

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the integrated monitoring and control mechanism and the follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism in the central monitoring cabin.

[0023] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the integrated monitoring and control mechanism and the follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism in the central monitoring cabin.

[0024] Figure label: 1. Anchoring base; 11. Guide rod; 12. Limiting plate; 2. Locking mechanism; 21. Locking rod; 22. Locking part; 3. Monitoring cabin; 31. Floating plate; 32. Solar panel; 4. Guide cylinder; 5. Integrated monitoring and control mechanism; 51. Hydrological data acquisition instrument; 52. Storage battery; 53. Rotary encoder; 6. Mud-water boundary tracking float; 61. Sealed isolation plate; 62. Constant buoyancy cavity; 63. Interface sensing cavity; 7. Multi-stage telescopic pole; 8. Follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism; 81. Optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor; 82. Miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor; 9. Transmission structure; 91. Transmission rod; 92. Transmission rack; 93. Transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0026] This application discloses an adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for shallow river channels includes an anchoring base 1 and a locking mechanism 2 for fixing the anchoring base 1 to the riverbed of the river channel. The locking mechanism 2 is located at the bottom of the anchoring base 1.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The locking mechanism 2 includes a locking rod 21 and a locking part 22. Multiple sets of locking rods 21 and locking parts 22 are provided. Each locking rod 21 is fixed on the anchoring base 1, and each locking part 22 is fixed at the end of the locking rod 21 away from the anchoring base 1. The locking part 22 is provided in the shape of a barb.

[0029] When it is necessary to firmly fix the anchoring base 1 to the riverbed, multiple sets of locking rods 21 fixed to the anchoring base 1 can drive the locking parts 22 at the ends to penetrate into the soil and silt layers inside the riverbed, providing multi-point anchoring force for the anchoring base 1. The locking parts 22 with barbed hooks at the ends of the locking rods 21 can be firmly locked into the riverbed soil after penetrating into the riverbed. When the device is subjected to water flow impact or external force disturbance, the barbed locking parts 22 can provide extremely strong pull-out and anti-slip resistance, avoiding the problems of the anchoring base 1 floating, displacement, and collapse. This achieves stable anchoring of the entire device in the soft riverbed of shallow river channels and high-velocity impact conditions, greatly improving the long-term operational stability of the device. At the same time, the setting of multiple sets of locking rods 21 and locking parts 22 can distribute the anchoring force and avoid the problem of the entire device overturning due to single-point anchoring failure.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 The upper surface of the anchoring base 1 is fixed with multiple parallel guide rods 11. A monitoring cabin 3 is set above the anchoring base 1. A floating plate 31 is fixed at the bottom of the monitoring cabin 3. A guide structure that slides along the length of the guide rod 11 is provided between the monitoring cabin 3 and each guide rod 11.

[0031] The guiding structure includes multiple guide cylinders 4 fixed to the side wall of the monitoring chamber 3. Each guide cylinder 4 is slidably sleeved on a corresponding guide rod 11. Each guide rod 11 has a limiting plate 12 at its top for limiting the sliding of the monitoring chamber 3.

[0032] Furthermore, multiple guide balls are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of each guide cylinder 4, and each guide ball rolls against the outer peripheral wall of the corresponding guide rod 11.

[0033] In other embodiments, the guide structure may also be configured to reduce sliding friction between the guide cylinder 4 and the guide rod 11. This embodiment only adopts one of the preferred implementation methods.

[0034] When it is necessary for the monitoring cabin 3 to slide smoothly with the rise and fall of the river water level, multiple guide cylinders 4 fixed to the side wall of the monitoring cabin 3 are respectively slidably sleeved on the guide rods 11 on the anchor base 1, providing stable guidance for the vertical sliding of the monitoring cabin 3 throughout the entire stroke, avoiding the problems of swaying and jamming of the monitoring cabin 3 during the sliding process, ensuring that the monitoring cabin 3 always maintains a horizontal attitude, and will not affect the buoyancy stability of the float 31 and the accuracy of the monitoring data due to tilting; Meanwhile, multiple guide balls evenly distributed around the inner wall of the guide cylinder 4 will roll against the outer wall of the corresponding guide rod 11, converting the sliding friction between the guide cylinder 4 and the guide rod 11 into rolling friction. This significantly reduces the frictional resistance of the monitoring cabin 3 sliding along the guide rod 11. Even in extremely shallow water during the dry season in shallow waters and when the buoyancy of the float 31 is small, the monitoring cabin 3 can accurately follow the slight changes in water level and slide synchronously without any jamming or lag.

[0035] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The monitoring chamber 3 is equipped with an integrated monitoring and control mechanism 5 for monitoring the water and sediment flux in the shallow river channel. The monitoring end of the integrated monitoring and control mechanism 5 extends from the bottom of the monitoring chamber 3 and a mud-water boundary tracking float 6 is fixed to the monitoring end. Multiple sets of multi-stage telescopic rods 7 are arranged between the float plate 31 and the mud-water boundary tracking float 6. One end of each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 is fixedly connected to the float plate 31, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6. Each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rod 7 is equipped with a follow-up layered water and sediment monitoring mechanism 8.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The integrated monitoring and control mechanism 5 includes a hydrological data acquisition instrument 51, a battery 52, and a rotary encoder 53 installed in the monitoring cabin 3. The hydrological data acquisition instrument 51, the battery 52, and the rotary encoder 53 are all electrically connected.

[0037] A transmission structure 9 is provided between the rotary input end of the rotary encoder 53 and the mud-water boundary tracking float 6. The transmission structure 9 is used to convert the vertical linear displacement of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 into the rotational motion of the rotary encoder 53, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the bed elevation change.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to enable the battery 52 to operate for a longer period of time, a solar panel 32 is installed on the top of the monitoring cabin 3. The solar panel 32 is electrically connected to the battery 52 and can provide energy supply for the entire system for a longer period of time.

[0039] When precise quantitative monitoring of riverbed scouring and deposition changes is required, the vertical linear displacement of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 caused by the scouring and deposition of the riverbed is transmitted to the rotary input end of the rotary encoder 53 through the transmission structure 9, converting the linear displacement of the riverbed into the rotational motion of the rotary encoder 53. The converted displacement signal is then synchronously collected by the hydrological data acquisition instrument 51, which is electrically connected to the rotary encoder 53, thus realizing high-precision, real-time, and continuous monitoring of riverbed elevation changes. Furthermore, the electrical components can be waterproofed and sealed, so that all electrical components are integrated and installed inside the monitoring cabin 3, while also minimizing the risk of corrosion and damage to the electrical components from outdoor water and silt, thus greatly improving the accuracy of monitoring data and the reliability of device operation.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The transmission structure 9 includes a transmission rod 91, a transmission rack 92, and a transmission gear. The transmission rod 91 is fixedly connected to the top of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 and passes through the float plate 31 into the monitoring cabin 3. The transmission rack 92 is fixed to the end of the transmission rod 91 along the length direction of the transmission rod 91. The transmission gear is coaxially fixed to the input end of the rotary encoder 53, and the transmission rack 92 and the transmission gear mesh with each other.

[0041] The vertical linear motion of the transmission rod 91 is precisely converted into the coaxial rotational motion of the transmission gear through the meshing transmission rack 92 and transmission gear. The rotational signal is then synchronously received by the input end of the rotary encoder 53, which is fixed coaxially with the transmission gear. This achieves a gapless and delay-free precise conversion between the vertical displacement of the bed surface and the electrical signal of the rotary encoder 53, completely eliminating gap errors and jamming problems in the transmission process. This significantly improves the accuracy of bed surface elevation monitoring. At the same time, the transmission structure 9 adopts a pure mechanical meshing transmission, which is simple and reliable. It is suitable for harsh working conditions with high sand content and many impurities in shallow riverbeds. It has no accuracy decay during long-term operation and has extremely low maintenance costs.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The mud-water boundary tracking float 6 is a vertical axisymmetric rotating body structure. It has a sealing isolation plate 61 inside, which divides the inner cavity of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 into two independent chambers. The upper part is a fully enclosed constant buoyancy chamber 62, and the lower part is an interface sensing chamber 63 with openings at the bottom and side walls. The side wall openings of the interface sensing chamber 63 face the same direction as the river water flow.

[0043] The upper, fully enclosed constant buoyancy chamber 62 provides a constant buoyancy for the float, unaffected by changes in water depth or flow. The lower, bottom- and side-wall-opening interface sensing chamber 63 allows clear water and silt in the river to freely enter and exit the chamber. Simultaneously, the side-wall openings face the same direction as the river flow, ensuring that the water and silt in the chamber are synchronized with the external river environment in real time, preventing silt accumulation and water stagnation. This achieves real-time, precise, adaptive locking of the interface between clear water and silt for the mud-water boundary tracking float 6, completely solving the problems of existing floats being easily affected by water flow impacts and swaying, and interface sensing lag, significantly improving the stability and accuracy of the bed elevation benchmark.

[0044] The overall density of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 is between the density of river water and the density of saturated sediment. When half of the volume of the interface sensing cavity 63 is in the sediment and half of the volume is in the water, the overall buoyancy of the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 is balanced with its own weight.

[0045] When the riverbed experiences siltation and elevation, the newly settled silt enters the lower half of the interface sensing cavity 63, increasing the buoyancy of the float and causing it to automatically rise. When the riverbed experiences scouring and elevation, the interface sensing cavity 63 is completely submerged in clear water, and the buoyancy of the float is insufficient to balance its own weight, causing it to automatically sink. This achieves unpowered and uncontrolled adaptive synchronous tracking of the float's response to changes in riverbed siltation and elevation. Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism 8 includes an optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor 81 and a miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor 82. Each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rod 7 has an installation port on its side wall, and the optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor 81 and the miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor 82 are respectively fixedly installed in the corresponding installation port.

[0046] When the multi-stage telescopic rod 7 expands and contracts synchronously with the water depth and the bed surface scouring and silting, the optical backscattering sediment sensor 81 and the miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor 82, which are fixed in the corresponding installation ports, will adjust their vertical monitoring positions synchronously with the telescopic joint, thus realizing real-time synchronous monitoring of flow velocity and sediment concentration parameters at different water depths.

[0047] Furthermore, there are three multi-stage telescopic rods 7, each arranged symmetrically at its rotation center, and each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 uses a three-stage telescopic joint.

[0048] Each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 has an optical backscattering sand content sensor 81 and two miniature Doppler flow velocity sensors 82 fixedly installed at its mounting port. The optical backscattering sand content sensor 81 on each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 is located on the telescopic joint at different heights.

[0049] Each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 with a three-stage telescopic joint can perfectly adapt to the wide range of water depth changes in shallow waters, ensuring effective monitoring even in extremely shallow water areas. Each multi-stage telescopic rod 7 is equipped with an optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor 81 and two miniature Doppler current velocity sensors 82, which can reduce system power consumption while ensuring monitoring accuracy, making it suitable for long-term unattended operation in the field. Meanwhile, the optical backscattering sediment concentration sensors 81 on the three multi-stage telescopic rods 7 are located on the telescopic joints at different heights, which can completely cover the sediment concentration distribution of the upper, middle and lower core layers of the water body. This achieves full coverage monitoring of water and sediment parameters in the transverse and vertical directions of the monitoring section, completely solving the problem of insufficient representativeness of monitoring data caused by uneven transverse distribution of shallow water flow and large vertical gradient, and greatly improving the accuracy of water and sediment flux calculation results.

[0050] The implementation principle of the adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows in this application embodiment is as follows: First, the anchoring base 1 is fixed to the riverbed of the river shallows by the locking mechanism 2 at the bottom of the anchoring base 1, providing a stable installation benchmark for the whole device. The multiple parallel guide rods 11 on the upper surface of the anchoring base 1 provide vertical sliding constraints for the monitoring cabin 3, and the monitoring cabin 3 relies on the buoyancy of the water body of the bottom floating plate 31. The guide structure slides freely along the guide rod 11 in sync with the rise and fall of the river water level, always maintaining a stable relative position with the water surface. At the same time, the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 relies on its own density and the density difference between clear water and saturated silt to adaptively lock the interface between the clear water and the silted silt in the river. It generates vertical displacement in sync with the scouring and silting of the riverbed. This vertical displacement is converted into the rotational motion of the rotary encoder 53 through the transmission structure 9. The hydrological data acquisition instrument 51 in the monitoring cabin 3 completes the real-time acquisition of the bed elevation change. The multi-stage telescopic rod 7, which is fixedly connected to the float plate 31 and the mud-water boundary tracking float 6 at both ends, will extend and retract synchronously with the change of the relative distance between the water level and the bed surface. This will drive the follow-up layered water and sediment monitoring mechanism 8, which is fixed on each telescopic joint of the telescopic rod, to adaptively adjust the vertical monitoring position. Finally, the hydrological data acquisition instrument 51 will synchronously collect the flow velocity and sediment content data of the entire cross section. Combined with the real-time water depth and bed elevation parameters, the real-time accurate monitoring of the water and sediment flux in the shallow river channel will be completed.

[0051] The above are all optional embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows, characterized in that: The system includes an anchoring base (1) and a locking mechanism (2) for fixing the anchoring base (1) to the riverbed of the river channel. The locking mechanism (2) is located at the bottom of the anchoring base (1). Multiple parallel guide rods (11) are fixed on the upper surface of the anchoring base (1). A monitoring cabin (3) is provided above the anchoring base (1). A float plate (31) is fixed at the bottom of the monitoring cabin (3). A guide structure that slides along the length of the guide rod (11) is provided between the monitoring cabin (3) and each of the guide rods (11). The monitoring cabin (3) is equipped with an integrated monitoring and control mechanism (5) for monitoring the water and sediment flux of the river channel and shallow beach. The monitoring end of the integrated monitoring and control mechanism (5) extends from the bottom of the monitoring cabin (3) and a mud-water boundary tracking float (6) is fixed to the monitoring end. Multiple sets of multi-stage telescopic rods (7) are arranged between the float (31) and the mud-water boundary tracking float (6). One end of each multi-stage telescopic rod (7) is fixedly connected to the float (31), and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6). Each multi-stage telescopic rod (7) is equipped with a follow-up layered water and sediment monitoring mechanism (8) on its telescopic joint.

2. The self-adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shoal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated monitoring and control mechanism (5) includes a hydrological data acquisition instrument (51), a storage battery (52), and a rotary encoder (53) installed in the monitoring cabin (3). The hydrological data acquisition instrument (51), the storage battery (52), and the rotary encoder (53) are all electrically connected. A transmission structure (9) is provided between the rotary input end of the rotary encoder (53) and the mud-water boundary tracking float (6). The transmission structure (9) is used to convert the vertical linear displacement of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6) into the rotational motion of the rotary encoder (53) so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the bed elevation change.

3. The self-adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shoal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission structure (9) includes a transmission rod (91), a transmission rack (92), and a transmission gear. The transmission rod (91) is fixedly connected to the top of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6) and passes through the float plate (31) into the monitoring cabin (3). The transmission rack (92) is fixed to the end of the transmission rod (91) along the length direction of the transmission rod (91). The transmission gear is coaxially fixed to the input end of the rotary encoder (53), and the transmission rack (92) meshes with the transmission gear.

4. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mud-water boundary tracking float (6) is a vertical axisymmetric rotating body structure with a sealing isolation plate (61) inside. The sealing isolation plate (61) divides the inner cavity of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6) into two independent chambers, the upper one being a fully enclosed constant buoyancy chamber (62) and the lower one being an interface sensing chamber (63) with openings at the bottom and side walls. The side wall openings of the interface sensing chamber (63) face the same direction as the river flow.

5. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 4, characterized in that: The overall density of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6) is between the density of clear water in the river and the density of saturated silt. When half of the volume of the interface sensing cavity (63) is in the silt and half of the volume is in the clear water, the overall buoyancy of the mud-water boundary tracking float (6) is balanced with its own weight.

6. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The follow-up stratified water and sediment monitoring mechanism (8) includes an optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor (81) and a miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor (82). Each telescopic joint of the multi-stage telescopic rod (7) has an installation port on its side wall. The optical backscattering sediment concentration sensor (81) and the miniature Doppler flow velocity sensor (82) are respectively fixedly installed in the corresponding installation ports.

7. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are three multi-stage telescopic rods (7), each of which is symmetrically arranged at the rotation center, and each of which adopts a three-stage telescopic joint. An optical backscattered sand content sensor (81) and two miniature Doppler flow velocity sensors (82) are fixedly installed on the mounting port of each of the multi-stage telescopic rods (7), and the optical backscattered sand content sensor (81) on each of the multi-stage telescopic rods (7) is located on the telescopic joint at different heights.

8. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (2) includes a locking rod (21) and a locking part (22). Multiple sets of the locking rod (21) and the locking part (22) are provided. Each locking rod (21) is fixed on the anchoring base (1), and each locking part (22) is fixed at the end of the locking rod (21) away from the anchoring base (1). The locking part (22) is provided in the shape of a barb.

9. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guiding structure includes multiple guide cylinders (4) fixed to the side wall of the monitoring chamber (3), each guide cylinder (4) is slidably sleeved on the corresponding guide rod (11), and each guide rod (11) is provided with a limiting plate (12) at the top for limiting the sliding of the monitoring chamber (3).

10. The adaptive follow-up water and sediment flux monitoring system for river shallows according to claim 9, characterized in that: Multiple guide balls are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of each guide cylinder (4), and each guide ball rolls against the outer peripheral wall of the corresponding guide rod (11).

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