A geological structure plane occurrence measuring system and method

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for measuring the attitude of geological structural surfaces, including a coordinate system establishment and preparation device, an azimuth angle acquisition device, a dip angle acquisition device, and a distance acquisition device. The coordinate system establishment and preparation device is used to establish a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The azimuth angle acquisition device is used to acquire the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device rotating clockwise relative to the positive Y-axis within the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system. The dip angle acquisition device is used to acquire the dip angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane within the computational coordinate system. The distance acquisition device is used to acquire the calculated distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system. This invention solves the problem that existing geological structural surface attitude measurement systems and methods rely on external coordinate references, resulting in low efficiency when measuring the attitude of geological structural surfaces in areas not covered by satellite positioning signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological structural surface attitude measurement technology, and in particular to a geological structural surface attitude measurement system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Geological structural surfaces refer to various geological interfaces formed during geological evolution, mainly including bedding planes, sedimentary discontinuities, joints, faults, weak interlayers, and paleoweathering crusts. In regional geological surveys, geological hazard prevention, and engineering geological evaluation of underground spaces, accurate measurement of the attitude of geological structural surfaces is a crucial step in obtaining basic geological data. The accuracy of these measurements directly determines the reliability of subsequent geological analyses, the rationality of engineering design schemes, and the accuracy of geological hazard early warning systems.

[0003] However, in complex conditions such as field environments and underground chambers, there are often unfavorable factors such as significant terrain undulations, spatial constraints, and electromagnetic interference. Especially when conducting geological structural surface exploration on dangerous and steep cliffs that are difficult for surveyors to access, or in situations within tunnels where interference from ferromagnetic materials such as machinery and support equipment is prevalent, traditional measurement methods such as geological compasses and slope gauges are easily affected by these environmental factors, leading to significant deviations or even serious errors in the measurement data, making it difficult to meet practical needs and requirements. Therefore, existing technologies have developed techniques to calculate the attitude of structural surfaces by obtaining the spatial coordinates of three points on the surface. For example, Chinese patent (CN116758133B) provides a method for solving the attitude of structural surfaces without interference from external magnetic fields. The basic principle of this method is: under a known spatial coordinate system, the attitude is obtained by fitting the plane of the structural surface using the absolute coordinates of three points. However, to implement this method, a spatial coordinate benchmark must first be established. While GPS can be relied upon on the surface, in canyon areas or underground tunnels without satellite signals, a dedicated surveying control network must be established, and the absolute coordinates of three points must be measured point by point using equipment such as total stations. This not only requires expensive specialized equipment and professional surveyors, but also makes the network establishment process extremely cumbersome, even difficult to implement, in confined spaces and poor visibility within tunnels. In short, the conventional three-point method, lacking any absolute orientation information, must rely on an external coordinate benchmark, which is the fundamental reason for its limited application in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a geological structural surface attitude measurement system and method to solve the problem that existing geological structural surface attitude measurement systems and methods rely on external coordinate references, resulting in low efficiency when measuring the attitude of geological structural surfaces in areas not covered by satellite positioning signals.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a geological structural surface attitude measurement system, comprising a coordinate system establishment and preparation device, an azimuth angle acquisition device, a dip angle acquisition device, and a distance acquisition device. The coordinate system establishment and preparation device is used to establish a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The azimuth angle acquisition device is used to acquire the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device rotating clockwise relative to the positive Y-axis within the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system. The dip angle acquisition device is used to acquire the dip angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane within the computational coordinate system. The distance acquisition device is used to acquire the calculated distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system.

[0006] Optionally, the coordinate system establishment preparation device includes a measuring platform, a direction finder, an azimuth calibration component, and a vertical angle calibration component. The measuring platform has an adjustable horizontal support surface. The azimuth calibration component is rotatably mounted on the support surface about a first rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the support surface. The direction finder is mounted on the measuring platform, and the laser emitted by the direction finder is perpendicular to the first rotation axis. The vertical angle calibration component can rotate relative to the azimuth calibration component about the first rotation axis. The distance acquisition device can rotate relative to the vertical angle calibration component about a second rotation axis that is perpendicular to and intersects the first rotation axis.

[0007] Optionally, the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis.

[0008] Optionally, the azimuth calibration component includes two rings of scale, each ring being 360°, and the angles of the inner and outer rings differing by 180°.

[0009] Optionally, the azimuth angle acquisition device is an electronic angle measuring instrument, which is installed on the azimuth angle calibration component, and the measuring axis of the azimuth angle calibration component is coaxial with the first rotation axis.

[0010] Optionally, the azimuth angle acquisition device is a first pointer mounted on the vertical angle calibration component, the first pointer being parallel to the support surface, and the end of the first pointer being located on the first rotation axis.

[0011] Optionally, the tilt angle acquisition device is an electronic angle measuring instrument, which is mounted on the distance acquisition device, and the measuring axis of the tilt angle acquisition device is coaxial with the second rotation axis.

[0012] Optionally, the tilt angle acquisition device is a second pointer mounted on the distance acquisition device, and the second pointer passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, and is parallel to the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for measuring using the above-mentioned geological structural plane attitude measurement, comprising: A computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system is established using a coordinate system establishment preparation device. The azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the Y-axis in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system is obtained using an azimuth angle acquisition device. The inclination angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system is obtained using an inclination angle acquisition device. The computational distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system is obtained using a distance acquisition device. The coordinates of the points on the structural surface in the computational coordinate system are calculated using the computational distance, inclination angle, and azimuth angle. The attitude of the structural surface is calculated using the coordinates of the points on the three structural surfaces in the computational coordinate system.

[0014] Optionally, establishing a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system using a coordinate system establishment preparation device includes: Obtain a target azimuth angle; To direct the laser emitted by the directional instrument toward the azimuth of the target; Level the support surface of the measurement platform to make it horizontal; Rotate the azimuth calibration component clockwise so that the angle indicating the target azimuth of the azimuth calibration component points to the direction of the target azimuth; The vertical angle calibration component is rotated about the first rotation axis, and the distance acquisition device is rotated about the second rotation axis, so that the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device points to a point on the structural surface; The origin is taken as the intersection point O of the first rotation axis of the azimuth calibration component and the second rotation axis of the distance acquisition device, and a calculation coordinate system is established with due north as the positive Y-axis, due east as the positive X-axis, and the vertical upward direction as the positive Z-axis.

[0015] The geological structural plane attitude measurement system and method provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: First, a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system is established using a coordinate system establishment preparation device. The azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the positive Y-axis in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system is obtained using an azimuth angle acquisition device. The inclination angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system is obtained using an inclination angle acquisition device. The distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system is also obtained using a distance acquisition device. Thus, the coordinates (x, y, z) of the point on the structural surface in the computational coordinate system can be calculated. The coordinates of three non-collinear points on the structural surface are then calculated sequentially. Since the relative coordinates of the three points on the structural surface differ from their absolute coordinates by only one translation, the attitude (dip, dip angle) of the structural surface calculated using the relative coordinates of the three points on the structural surface is consistent with the result calculated using the absolute coordinates. This achieves the measurement of the attitude of the structural surface. Because the traditional three-point method does not require measuring absolute coordinates, it is transformed into measuring only the coordinates relative to the computational coordinate system, thus completely eliminating dependence on external equipment and benchmarks such as GPS, surveying control networks, and total stations. This makes high-precision attitude measurement possible in complex environments without signals or network infrastructure, significantly expanding the application scenarios of the three-point method. Simultaneously, the three-point coordinate method allows for rapid calculation of structural plane attitudes, avoiding the drawbacks of traditional methods that require expensive equipment and complex network deployments. Its measurement process does not rely on electronic signals, making it suitable for areas without communication signals, reducing manpower and equipment costs, and improving the efficiency and practicality of geological surveys and disaster assessments. Furthermore, the geological structural plane attitude measurement system's measurement method is based on geometric principles, simplifying the complex problem of spatial coordinate measurement into the reading of distances and angles. Geologists can master this method with simple training, without requiring a professional surveying background, significantly improving the autonomy and efficiency of geological work.

[0016] Secondly, the adjustable horizontal support surface ensures the absolute verticality of the first rotation axis, which is crucial for establishing a coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The orientation instrument is perpendicular to and intersects the first rotation axis, providing a precise initial azimuth reference, such as true north, for the calculation coordinate system. The azimuth and vertical angle calibration components independently control the horizontal and vertical rotations, respectively. The structure is clear and the operation is intuitive, enabling the system to flexibly and accurately point to any target point in space. By integrating the measurement platform, orientation instrument, azimuth calibration component, vertical angle calibration component, distance acquisition device, azimuth acquisition device, and tilt acquisition device, the system can operate stably in complex environments such as steep terrain and underground chambers. The geological structure surface attitude measurement system uses a combination of angle readings and laser ranging, avoiding the deviation problem caused by ferromagnetic materials in traditional geological compasses. It also eliminates the need to rely on satellite signals or establish a spatial coordinate network, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the azimuth calibration component of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of point A on the geological structure surface measured by the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in the embodiment of the present invention, in the calculation coordinate system; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 110-Measuring platform; 111-Mounting platform; 112-Support component; 1121-Supporting fastener; 1122-Rotating screw; 1123-Vibration damper; 1123a-Sleeve; 1123b-Spring; 120-Orienter; 130-Azimuth calibration component; 140-Vertical angle calibration component; 200-Azimuth acquisition device; 300-Inclination acquisition device; 400-Distance acquisition device; 410-Mounting groove; 500-Bubble level. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 1 This is an isometric structural schematic diagram of the geological structural plane attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main view structure of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a top view of the azimuth calibration component 130 of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component 112 of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the geological structural plane attitude measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention, measuring point A on the structural plane in a computational coordinate system. This embodiment provides a geological structural plane attitude measurement system, including a coordinate system establishment and preparation device, an azimuth angle acquisition device 200, a dip angle acquisition device 300, and a distance acquisition device 400. The coordinate system establishment and preparation device is used to establish a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The azimuth angle acquisition device 200 is used to acquire the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device 400 rotating clockwise relative to the positive Y-axis in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system. The dip angle acquisition device 300 is used to acquire the dip angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system. The distance acquisition device 400 is used to acquire the computational distance from a point on the structural plane to the origin of the computational coordinate system.

[0026] A computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system is established using a coordinate system establishment preparation device. The azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the positive Y-axis, rotated clockwise within the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system, is obtained using the azimuth angle acquisition device 200. The inclination angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the XOY plane within the computational coordinate system is obtained using the inclination angle acquisition device 300. The distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system is also obtained using the distance acquisition device 400. Thus, the coordinates (x, y, z) of a point on the structural surface within the computational coordinate system can be calculated. The coordinates of three non-collinear points on the structural surface are then calculated sequentially. Since the relative coordinates of the three points on the structural surface differ from their absolute coordinates by only one translation, the attitude and dip angle of the structural surface calculated using the relative coordinates of the three non-collinear points are consistent with the results calculated using the absolute coordinates. This achieves the measurement of the attitude of the structural surface. By transforming the traditional three-point method's requirement to measure absolute coordinates into simply measuring coordinates relative to the calculation coordinate system, it completely eliminates reliance on external equipment and benchmarks such as GPS, surveying control networks, and total stations. This makes high-precision attitude measurement possible in complex environments without signals or network infrastructure, significantly expanding the application scenarios of the three-point method. Furthermore, the three-point coordinate method allows for rapid calculation of structural plane attitudes, avoiding the drawbacks of expensive equipment and complex network setups required by traditional methods. Its measurement process does not rely on electronic signals, making it suitable for areas without communication signals, reducing manpower and equipment costs, and improving the efficiency and practicality of geological surveys and disaster assessments. In addition, the geological structural plane attitude measurement system's measurement method is based on geometric principles, simplifying the complex problem of spatial coordinate measurement into the reading of distances and angles. Geologists can master this method with simple training, without requiring a professional surveying background, significantly improving the autonomy and efficiency of geological work.

[0027] Preferably, the coordinate system establishment preparation device includes a measuring platform 110, a direction finder 120, an azimuth calibration component 130, and a vertical angle calibration component 140. The measuring platform 110 has an adjustable horizontal support surface. The azimuth calibration component 130 is rotatably mounted on the support surface about a first rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the support surface. The direction finder 120 is mounted on the measuring platform 110, and the laser emitted by the direction finder 120 is perpendicular to the first rotation axis. The vertical angle calibration component 140 can rotate relative to the azimuth calibration component 130 about the first rotation axis. The distance acquisition device 400 can rotate relative to the vertical angle calibration component 140 about a second rotation axis that is perpendicular to and intersects the first rotation axis.

[0028] The adjustable horizontal support surface ensures the absolute verticality of the first rotation axis, which is crucial for establishing a coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The orientation instrument 120, perpendicular to the first rotation axis, provides a readily available and accurate initial azimuth reference, such as true north, for the calculation coordinate system. The azimuth calibration component 130 and the vertical angle calibration component 140 independently control the horizontal and vertical rotations, respectively. The structure is clear and the operation is intuitive, enabling the system to flexibly and accurately point to any target point in space. By integrating the measurement platform 110, orientation instrument 120, azimuth calibration component 130, vertical angle calibration component 140, distance acquisition device 400, azimuth acquisition device 200, and tilt acquisition device 300, the system can operate stably in complex environments such as steep terrain and underground chambers. The geological structure surface attitude measurement system combines angle readings with laser ranging, avoiding the deviation problems caused by ferromagnetic materials in traditional geological compasses. It also eliminates the need for satellite signals or the establishment of a spatial coordinate network, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the measurement data.

[0029] Preferably, the laser emitted by the orientation instrument intersects with the first rotation axis.

[0030] Preferably, the vertical angle calibration component is rotatable around the first rotation axis along with the azimuth angle calibration component.

[0031] Preferably, the azimuth angle acquisition device 200 is fixed on the vertical angle calibration component 140 and is located in the same vertical plane as the vertical angle calibration component 140, and can rotate around the first rotation axis.

[0032] Preferably, the tilt angle acquisition device 300 is fixed on the distance acquisition device 400 and is on the same straight line as the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device 400, and can rotate with the distance acquisition device 400 around the second rotation axis.

[0033] Preferably, the vertical angle calibration component 140 is rotatably mounted on the support surface and located above the azimuth calibration component 130. This compact and reasonable vertical arrangement ensures that the scale of the azimuth calibration component 130 is not completely obstructed by the vertical angle calibration component 140 above, facilitating the reading of the horizontal azimuth angle, while also ensuring that the vertical angle calibration component 140 does not interfere with the components below during pitch movements.

[0034] Furthermore, the geological structure surface attitude measurement system also includes a connecting shaft, the rotation axis of which is coaxial with the first rotation axis. The connecting shaft is mounted on the measurement platform 110. The azimuth calibration component 130 and the vertical angle calibration component 140 are rotatably connected to the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft provides a common, high-precision rotation reference for the azimuth calibration component 130 and the vertical angle calibration component 140, ensuring their coaxiality around the same first rotation axis, reducing measurement deviations caused by assembly errors, and improving the overall accuracy of the system.

[0035] Furthermore, the vertical angle calibration component 140 is a vertically arranged circular plate. The first rotation axis passes through the center of the vertical angle calibration component 140, and the second rotation axis is coaxial with the rotation center of the vertical angle calibration component 140. The circular plate shape facilitates processing and the use of scales such as 0-90° tilt angles. Since the second rotation axis passes through the center, the position of the laser emission point relative to the first rotation axis remains unchanged when the distance acquisition device 400 rotates around the second rotation axis, simplifying the calibration of the coordinate origin.

[0036] Furthermore, the first rotation axis passes through the center of the vertical angle calibration component 140. This ensures the geometric symmetry of the entire rotation system, resulting in better dynamic balance performance and smoother operation. It also ensures that changes in the direction of the distance acquisition device 400 during horizontal rotation do not introduce additional eccentricity errors.

[0037] Furthermore, the distance acquisition device 400 is mounted on the vertical angle calibration component 140, and the distance acquisition device 400 has a mounting groove 410, in which a portion of the vertical angle calibration component 140 is held, and the opening direction of the mounting groove 410 faces the cylindrical surface of the vertical angle calibration component 140.

[0038] Preferably, the mounting groove 410 is a through groove. This clamping structure allows the distance acquisition device 400 to rotate securely around the edge of the circular plate of the vertical angle calibration component 140, and the through groove design of the mounting groove 410 facilitates adjustment and fixation.

[0039] Preferably, the distance acquisition device 400 is symmetrically arranged about the vertical angle calibration component 140. This is the core geometric constraint for achieving high-precision measurement. The symmetrical arrangement further ensures the system's balance and measurement stability, preventing accidental rotation due to center of gravity shift.

[0040] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the geological structure surface attitude measurement system in another embodiment of the present invention. In another embodiment, the vertical angle calibration component 140 is cylindrical, and a structural groove is formed at the top of the vertical angle calibration component 140. The distance acquisition device 400 is partially located within the structural groove. This provides an alternative compact structure, in which the distance acquisition device 400 is partially embedded in the structural groove, which can effectively reduce the overall height and center of gravity of the system, making it more adaptable to narrow spaces or scenarios requiring a low profile. Furthermore, in this other embodiment, the distance acquisition device 400 is symmetrically arranged about the vertical angle calibration component 140.

[0041] In this embodiment, the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device 400 passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis. This is the core geometric constraint for achieving high-precision measurement. This intersection point is defined as the origin of the computational coordinate system. This ensures that no matter how the distance acquisition device 400 rotates, the starting point for its distance measurement remains fixed, making the mathematical relationship of converting polar coordinate distance, azimuth angle, and tilt angle to rectangular coordinates (x, y, z) strictly valid, which is fundamental to ensuring computational accuracy.

[0042] In this embodiment, the azimuth calibration component 130 includes inner and outer scales, each scale being 360°, and the angles of the inner and outer scales differing by 180°. This design facilitates operation for users with different reading habits and allows readings from both sides, avoiding visual errors during opposing observations. Furthermore, when used in conjunction with a pointer, the azimuth angle can be read directly, simplifying the operation process.

[0043] Preferred, Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The azimuth angle acquisition device 200 is a first pointer mounted on the vertical angle calibration component 140. The first pointer is parallel to the support surface, and the end of the first pointer is located on the first rotation axis. The purely mechanical pointer structure does not rely on any power supply or electronic components, has extremely high reliability and environmental adaptability, and is especially suitable for special environments such as strong electromagnetic interference, humidity, or explosion-proof environments. It is also low in cost and simple to maintain.

[0044] Furthermore, the other end of the first pointer extends away from the first rotation axis, and the direction of the other end of the first pointer from the first rotation axis is opposite to the direction of the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device 400. In conjunction with the inner and outer scales of the azimuth calibration component 130, the azimuth angle can be directly read from the azimuth calibration component 130.

[0045] In other embodiments, the azimuth angle acquisition device 200 is an electronic angle measuring instrument. The azimuth angle acquisition device 200 is mounted on the azimuth angle calibration component 130, and the measuring axis of the azimuth angle calibration component 130 is coaxial with the first rotation axis. The electronic angle measuring instrument has high accuracy, intuitive readings, and can automatically record and export data, reducing human reading errors and improving the digitalization and intelligence level of measurement work.

[0046] Preferred, Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The tilt angle acquisition device 300 is a second pointer mounted on the distance acquisition device 400, and the second pointer passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, and is parallel to the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device 400. Similar to reading the azimuth angle using a mechanical pointer, reading the tilt angle scale on the vertical angle calibration component 140 by the pointer provides a completely passive and reliable measurement solution suitable for use in the most demanding field environments.

[0047] In other embodiments, the tilt angle acquisition device 300 is an electronic angle measuring instrument. The tilt angle acquisition device 300 is mounted on the distance acquisition device 400, and its measuring axis is coaxial with the second rotation axis. Electronic angle measuring instruments, such as electronic spirit levels or MEMS sensors, can provide superior resolution and accuracy compared to mechanical readings and can record data synchronously with electronic azimuth angle data, facilitating subsequent data processing.

[0048] The geological structure surface attitude measurement system also includes a bubble level 500, which is located on the support surface. The bubble level 500 is the simplest, most intuitive, and reliable leveling tool. Operators can quickly and accurately level the measurement platform 110, ensuring that the Z-axis of the calculation coordinate system is absolutely vertical, which is the fundamental prerequisite for the accuracy of all subsequent measurements.

[0049] In this embodiment, the measuring platform 110 includes a mounting platform 111 and three support members 112. The support surface is located above the mounting platform 111, and the mounting platform 111 is mounted on the three support members 112 below.

[0050] The length of the support member 112 is adjustable.

[0051] Specifically, the support member 112 includes a support staple 1121 and a rotating screw 1122. The support staple 1121 is threadedly connected to the rotating screw 1122, and the rotation center lines of the support staple 1121 and the rotating screw 1122 are coaxial. The three support members 112 provide stable three-point support, adaptable to various uneven ground surfaces. The length of each support member 112 can be precisely adjusted by rotating the screw 1122, thereby achieving fine leveling of the supported surface. This mechanical leveling mechanism has a simple structure, strong load-bearing capacity, and is unaffected by ambient temperature and humidity.

[0052] Furthermore, the support member 112 also includes a vibration damper 1123, which is connected to the support member 1121 or the rotating screw 1122.

[0053] Specifically, the vibration damper 1123 includes a sleeve 1123a and a spring 1123b disposed within the sleeve 1123a. One end of the support member 1121 or the rotating screw 1122 is slidably connected to the sleeve 1123a, and one end of the support member 1121 or the rotating screw 1122 is in contact with the spring 1123b. In field environments, ground vibrations such as wind, nearby machinery operations, and vehicle traffic are transmitted to the measurement system, causing laser pointing jitter and severely affecting measurement accuracy. The vibration damper 1123 can effectively absorb and buffer high-frequency vibrations, allowing the measurement platform 110 to stabilize quickly, significantly improving the measurement success rate and data stability in harsh environments.

[0054] Preferably, the supporting fastener 1121 can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy or carbon fiber material to ensure structural strength and reduce overall weight, making it easy to carry in the field. Using aluminum alloy or carbon fiber material balances strength and portability.

[0055] Preferably, the three support members 112 are arranged in a triangular frame or evenly distributed at a 120° angle below the mounting platform 111. Both of these arrangements are the most stable support methods, ensuring that the measuring platform 110 has the same anti-overturning capability in any horizontal direction, preventing the system from accidentally tipping over during use.

[0056] In this embodiment, the distance acquisition device is a laser rangefinder.

[0057] In this embodiment, the working process of the geological structural surface attitude measurement system is as follows: Step S1: In the field or underground chamber, determine a known azimuth angle α. This α serves as the azimuth reference for the entire measurement process. In the field, a geological compass can be used to determine this; in an underground chamber, the orientation of the chamber's axis, usually known in the design drawings, can be used as the reference.

[0058] Step S2: Place the measuring device in a suitable measuring position and adjust the orientation instrument 120 so that its laser is pointed in the azimuth α direction.

[0059] Step S3: Adjust the rotating screws 1122 on the three support members 112, observe that the bubble level 500 is centered, and ensure that the measuring platform 110 is in a horizontal state.

[0060] Step S4: Rotate the azimuth calibration component 130 so that the α mark on its outer scale is aligned with the laser direction of the orientation instrument 120, and fix the azimuth calibration component 130. Align the orientation instrument 120 with the α direction and level the measuring platform 110. The support surface of the measuring platform 110 is the horizontal plane, and the direction pointed to by the 0-degree mark of the azimuth calibration component 130 is the positive Y-axis direction, due north. Therefore, a calculation coordinate system can be established with the intersection point O of the first rotation axis of the azimuth calibration component 130 and the second rotation axis of the distance acquisition device 400 as the origin, and due north as the positive Y-axis, due east as the positive X-axis, and the vertically upward direction as the positive Z-axis.

[0061] Step S5: Rotate the vertical angle calibration component 140 and adjust the distance acquisition device 400 up and down to align the laser with point A on the target structure surface. Record the azimuth angle β1 indicated by the azimuth angle acquisition device 200, the elevation angle γ1 indicated by the tilt angle acquisition device 300, and the calculated distance L1 from the point on the structure surface acquired by the distance acquisition device 400 to the origin of the calculation coordinate system.

[0062] Step S6: Calculate the relative coordinates of point A with respect to the measurement position using the following formula: x1=L1cosγ1·sinβ1 y1=L1cosγ1·cosβ1 z1=-L1sinγ1 Step S7: Repeat steps S5 and S6 to measure two other points B and C on the target structure surface, record the corresponding azimuth angles β2 and β3, elevation angles γ2 and γ3, and distances L2 and L3, and calculate their relative coordinates (x2, y2, z2) and (x3, y3, z3) to ensure that the three points are not collinear.

[0063] Step S8: Using the relative coordinates of points A, B, and C, the normal vector of the structural plane can be obtained, and then the dip and dip angle of the structural plane can be calculated. This is a conventional calculation method in the field of geology and will not be elaborated here. Since the attitude, dip, and dip angle of the structural plane depend only on the direction of the normal vector of the plane in which it lies, and are independent of the translation, the attitude calculated using the relative coordinates of points A, B, and C is the true attitude of the structural plane. This is precisely the theoretical basis for the present invention's elimination of the need to measure absolute coordinates.

[0064] like Figure 6 The diagram shown illustrates the coordinate measurement of point A, visually demonstrating the relationship between laser ranging and angle readings.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a method for measuring geological structural plane attitude using the above-mentioned geological structural plane attitude measurement system, including: A computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system is established using a coordinate system establishment preparation device. The azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the positive Y-axis and rotated clockwise in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system is obtained using an azimuth angle acquisition device 200. The inclination angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system is obtained using an inclination angle acquisition device 300. The computational distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system is obtained using a distance acquisition device 400. The coordinates of the points on the structural surface in the computational coordinate system are calculated using the computational distance, inclination angle, and azimuth angle. The attitude of the structural surface is calculated using the coordinates of the non-collinear points on the three structural surfaces in the computational coordinate system.

[0066] Preferably, establishing a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system using a coordinate system establishment preparation device includes: Obtain a target azimuth angle; To direct the laser emitted by the orientation instrument 120 toward the azimuth of the target; The support surface of the measuring platform 110 is leveled to make it horizontal; Rotate the azimuth calibration component 130 clockwise so that the angle indicating the target azimuth of the azimuth calibration component 130 points to the direction of the target azimuth; The vertical angle calibration component 140 is rotated about the first rotation axis, and the distance acquisition device 400 is rotated about the second rotation axis, so that the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device 400 points to a point on the structural surface. The origin is taken as the intersection point O of the first rotation axis of the azimuth calibration component 130 and the second rotation axis of the distance acquisition device 400, and a calculation coordinate system is established with due north as the positive Y-axis, due east as the positive X-axis, and the vertical upward direction as the positive Z-axis.

[0067] This method integrates hardware operation with geometric calculations, forming a standardized and streamlined work instruction. Operators only need to follow the steps of leveling, orientation, aiming, and reading to complete data acquisition. This method clearly reveals how to replace the traditional fixed absolute coordinate system with a movable and self-contained computational coordinate system, thereby completely solving the fundamental problem of the three-point method's reliance on external benchmarks.

[0068] Preferably, obtaining the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device 400 relative to the Y-axis in the positive direction within the XOY plane of the calculation coordinate system by the azimuth angle acquisition device 200 includes: The azimuth angle acquisition device 200 acquires the angle of rotation of the vertical angle calibration component 140 in the horizontal plane, that is, the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device 400 rotating clockwise relative to the positive Y-axis in the XOY plane of the calculation coordinate system. It is clarified that the azimuth angle is equal to the sum of the angle through which the vertical angle calibration component 140 rotates clockwise in the horizontal plane relative to the initial azimuth, such as the target azimuth pointed to by the orientation instrument 120, and the target azimuth angle. The relationship between this angle and the positive north direction of the Y-axis in the calculation coordinate system is established through the initial calibration of the system, ensuring a strict correspondence between the measured angle and the calculation model, avoiding confusion and errors in angle conversion.

[0069] The above description is merely a description of preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A geological structural plane attitude measurement system, characterized in that, The system includes a coordinate system establishment and preparation device, an azimuth angle acquisition device, an inclination angle acquisition device, and a distance acquisition device. The coordinate system establishment and preparation device is used to establish a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system. The azimuth angle acquisition device is used to acquire the azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device rotating clockwise relative to the positive Y-axis in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system. The inclination angle acquisition device is used to acquire the inclination angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system. The distance acquisition device is used to acquire the computational distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system.

2. The geological structural surface attitude measurement system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coordinate system establishment preparation device includes a measuring platform, a direction finder, an azimuth calibration component, and a vertical angle calibration component. The measuring platform has an adjustable horizontal support surface. The azimuth calibration component is rotatably mounted on the support surface about a first rotation axis, which is perpendicular to the support surface. The direction finder is mounted on the measuring platform, and the laser emitted by the direction finder is perpendicular to the first rotation axis. The vertical angle calibration component can rotate relative to the azimuth calibration component about the first rotation axis. The distance acquisition device can rotate relative to the vertical angle calibration component about a second rotation axis that is perpendicular to and intersects the first rotation axis.

3. The geological structural plane attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The laser emitted by the distance acquisition device passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis.

4. The geological structural surface attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The azimuth calibration component includes two rings of scale, each ring being 360°, and the angles of the inner and outer rings differ by 180°.

5. The geological structural surface attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The azimuth angle acquisition device is an electronic angle measuring instrument. The azimuth angle acquisition device is installed on the azimuth angle calibration component, and the measuring axis of the azimuth angle calibration component is coaxial with the first rotation axis.

6. The geological structural plane attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The azimuth angle acquisition device is a first pointer installed on the vertical angle calibration component. The first pointer is parallel to the support surface, and the end of the first pointer is located on the first rotation axis.

7. The geological structural plane attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The tilt angle acquisition device is an electronic angle measuring instrument. The tilt angle acquisition device is installed on the distance acquisition device, and the measuring axis of the tilt angle acquisition device is coaxial with the second rotation axis.

8. The geological structural surface attitude measurement system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The tilt angle acquisition device is mounted on a second pointer on the distance acquisition device, and the second pointer passes through the intersection of the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis, and is parallel to the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device.

9. A method for measuring the geological structural plane attitude as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: A computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system is established using a coordinate system establishment preparation device. The azimuth angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the positive Y-axis in the XOY plane of the computational coordinate system is obtained using an azimuth angle acquisition device. The inclination angle of the distance acquisition device relative to the XOY plane in the computational coordinate system is obtained using an inclination angle acquisition device. The calculated distance from a point on the structural surface to the origin of the computational coordinate system is obtained using a distance acquisition device. The coordinates of the points on the structural surface in the computational coordinate system are calculated using the calculated distance, inclination angle, and azimuth angle. The attitude of the structural surface is calculated using the coordinates of the non-collinear points on the three structural surfaces in the computational coordinate system.

10. The method for measuring the attitude of geological structural surfaces as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Establishing a computational coordinate system parallel to the absolute coordinate system using the coordinate system setup includes: Obtain a target azimuth angle; To direct the laser emitted by the directional instrument toward the azimuth of the target; Level the support surface of the measurement platform to make it horizontal; Rotate the azimuth calibration component clockwise so that the angle indicating the target azimuth of the azimuth calibration component points to the direction of the target azimuth; The vertical angle calibration component is rotated about the first rotation axis, and the distance acquisition device is rotated about the second rotation axis, so that the laser emitted by the distance acquisition device points to a point on the structural surface; The origin is taken as the intersection point O of the first rotation axis of the azimuth calibration component and the second rotation axis of the distance acquisition device, and a calculation coordinate system is established with due north as the positive Y-axis, due east as the positive X-axis, and the vertical upward direction as the positive Z-axis.

Images