Bearing tester

Abstract

This invention discloses a bearing testing machine, comprising a frame, a main shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a bearing bushing sleeved around the outer circumference of the main shaft, and a loading mechanism mounted on the frame. The loading mechanism includes a drive component, a two-dimensional force sensor connected to the output end of the drive component, and a radial loading assembly connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor. The test bearing is sleeved around the outer circumference of the main shaft and located within the bearing bushing. The outer ring of the test bearing mates with the bearing bushing and is relatively fixed to the bearing bushing, while the inner ring of the test bearing is relatively fixed to the main shaft. This invention, by employing a two-dimensional force sensor, can simultaneously and accurately measure radial and tangential forces, and can calculate the friction torque by combining the relevant formulas for tangential force and friction torque, thereby providing higher precision friction force measurement results and simplifying the complex process of separately measuring radial and tangential forces in traditional testing machines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing equipment for mechanical transmission components, and more particularly to a bearing testing machine. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of mechanical transmission systems, bearings' performance parameters, such as frictional torque and load-bearing capacity, directly affect the operating efficiency, energy consumption, and lifespan of the equipment. Bearing testing machines are crucial equipment for evaluating bearing performance. The loading module, a core component of the testing machine, is responsible for applying radial and axial loads to the test bearing and simultaneously measuring the bearing's frictional torque under load. The accuracy of this measurement directly determines the reliability of the test data.

[0003] Existing bearing testing machine loading modules typically employ a "separate sensing + contact mounting" design: on the one hand, a separate radial force sensor measures the loaded load, while an additional friction force sensor (such as a torque sensor) measures the bearing friction torque. The signals from both types of sensors require subsequent synchronous processing, which can easily lead to measurement deviations due to response delays. On the other hand, the outer bushing of the test bearing usually contacts the support structure of the testing machine (e.g., the bushing outer wall slides against the guide sleeve) to ensure installation stability. This results in additional friction between the bushing and the support structure. This friction is superimposed on the bearing's own friction, causing the measured friction torque to contain interference components from non-bearing factors, severely affecting measurement accuracy.

[0004] To reduce interference, existing technologies often employ the following improvement methods: First, they reduce additional friction by optimizing the fit clearance between the bushing and the support structure and increasing lubrication, but this cannot fundamentally eliminate interference caused by contact. Second, they use complex calibration algorithms to correct the measurement results, but the calibration process relies on empirical parameters and is difficult to adapt to interference changes under different working conditions (such as different speeds and loads), thus limiting its applicability.

[0005] Furthermore, for test scenarios requiring simultaneous evaluation of the correlation between radial load and tangential friction, the traditional separate sensor layout leads to structural complexity, increased installation space, and significant challenges in coordinating and controlling multiple sensors, hindering the miniaturization and integration of the testing machine. Therefore, a bearing testing machine loading module capable of eliminating contact interference and achieving simultaneous and accurate multi-dimensional force measurement is needed to meet the demands of high-precision bearing performance testing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bearing testing machine that can simultaneously measure radial force and tangential force.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a bearing testing machine, including a frame, a main shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a bearing bushing sleeved on the outer periphery of the main shaft, and a loading mechanism mounted on the frame and located on one side of the main shaft; the loading mechanism includes a driving component, a two-dimensional force sensor connected to the output end of the driving component, and a radial loading assembly connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor; The test bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of the main shaft and located inside the bearing outer bushing. The outer ring of the test bearing mates with the bearing outer bushing and is fixed relative to the bearing outer bushing. The inner ring of the test bearing is fixed relative to the main shaft. The loading mechanism abuts against the outer ring of the test bearing through the radial loading component, applying a radial load to the outer ring of the test bearing, and the two-dimensional force sensor synchronously acquires the radial loading force signal; The rotation of the spindle drives the inner ring of the test bearing to rotate. The relative rotation of the inner and outer rings of the test bearing generates tangential friction force, and the two-dimensional force sensor synchronously collects the tangential force signal.

[0008] Preferably, the bearing outer bushing includes a first positioning plate and a second positioning plate that are axially spaced opposite to each other along the main shaft, and the test bearing is positioned between the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate; The first positioning plate is clearance-fitted with the outer ring of the test bearing, and the second positioning plate is interference-fitted with the spindle.

[0009] Preferably, the radial loading assembly includes a radial spring push rod, a top spring sleeve, and a top support, which are sequentially connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor.

[0010] Preferably, the driving component includes an electric cylinder; and / or, the two-dimensional force sensor is connected to the output end of the driving component via a sensor connection plate.

[0011] Preferably, the bearing testing machine further includes a support mechanism for axially supporting the main shaft. The support mechanism includes a bracket mounted on the frame and at least one auxiliary bearing assembly sleeved on the main shaft and connected to the bracket. The auxiliary bearing assembly is located on at least one side of the bearing outer bushing.

[0012] Preferably, the support mechanism includes two sets of the test bearing assemblies, namely a first test bearing assembly and a second test bearing assembly; the first test bearing assembly and the second test bearing assembly are located on opposite sides of the bearing outer bushing.

[0013] Preferably, the support mechanism further includes an axial load test bearing assembly that is located away from the bearing outer bushing and sleeved on the main shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the bearing testing machine further includes a data processing system, which is connected to the two-dimensional force sensor and receives signals sent by the two-dimensional force sensor; The data processing system is based on tangential force and formula. The frictional torque of the test bearing was calculated. In the formula, The distance is the straight-line distance from the force measurement center of the two-dimensional force sensor to the rotation center of the test bearing. It is a tangential force.

[0015] Preferably, the bearing testing machine further includes a spindle drive mechanism, which is connected to and drives the spindle to rotate.

[0016] Preferably, the spindle drive mechanism includes a motor and a driven pulley, the driven pulley being fixed on the spindle and connected to the motor for transmission.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By employing a two-dimensional force sensor, radial force and tangential force can be measured simultaneously and accurately. Furthermore, the friction torque can be calculated by combining the relevant formulas for tangential force and friction torque, thereby providing higher precision friction force measurement results and simplifying the complex process of measuring radial force and tangential force separately in traditional testing machines. Through the setting of the loading mechanism and the bearing outer bushing in conjunction with the test bearing, the bearing outer bushing is suspended relative to the main shaft, avoiding contact interference from the bearing sleeve in traditional testing machines, effectively reducing measurement errors and improving data reliability.

[0018] This invention is applicable to various types of bearing tests. It can be used not only for friction testing of ordinary bearings, but also for high-precision mechanical equipment, meeting the high requirements for bearing testing accuracy in high-end mechanical equipment, and has a promising market prospect. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bearing testing machine (cross-section of the main shaft) according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the spindle portion in a bearing testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a bearing testing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a frame 100, a main shaft 200 mounted on the frame 100, a loading mechanism 300, a bearing outer bushing 10, etc.

[0022] The frame 100 serves as the main support for the bearing testing machine, and the spindle 200 is mounted on the frame 100 and rotatable relative to it. A bearing bushing 10 is fitted onto the outer circumference of the spindle 200, defining the mounting area for the test bearing 400 on the spindle 200 and positioning the test bearing 400 on it. A loading mechanism 300, located on one side of the spindle 200 on the frame 100, provides radial load to the test bearing 400. Simultaneously, a two-dimensional force sensor 30 collects the radial loading force and tangential force (tangential friction force) of the test bearing 400. The frictional torque of the test bearing 400 can be calculated based on the collected tangential force.

[0023] Specifically, on the frame 100, the spindle 200 can be mounted on the frame 100 with its axis perpendicular or parallel to the bearing surface of the frame 100. The loading mechanism 300 is mounted on the frame 100 according to the axial orientation of the spindle 200, such that the loading force direction of the loading mechanism 300 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle 200 and simultaneously located radially towards the test bearing 400. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the spindle 200 is vertically mounted on the frame 100, and the loading mechanism 300 is mounted on the frame 100 perpendicular to the axial direction of the spindle 200 and is located on one side of the spindle 200.

[0024] The loading mechanism 300 includes a drive component 31, a two-dimensional force sensor 30 connected to the output end of the drive component 31, and a radial loading assembly 32 connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor 30. The drive component 31 serves as the radial load driving source for the loading mechanism 300. The main body of the drive component 31 is fixed to the frame 100. The output end of the drive component 31 is rigidly connected to the fixed end of the two-dimensional force sensor 30. The radial loading assembly 32 is connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor 30 and is also used to abut against the outer ring of the test bearing 400. The radial loading force of the drive component 31 is transmitted to the radial loading assembly 32 through its output end and the two-dimensional force sensor 30, and is applied to the outer ring of the test bearing 400 through the radial loading assembly 32. The two-dimensional force sensor 30 synchronously acquires the radial loading force signal.

[0025] On the spindle 200, a test bearing 400 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the spindle 200 and located inside the bearing bushing 10. The outer ring of the test bearing 400 mates with the bearing bushing 10 and is relatively fixed to the bearing bushing 10. The inner ring of the test bearing 400 is relatively fixed to the spindle 200. The spindle 200 can rotate relative to the frame 100. When the spindle 200 rotates, it drives the inner ring of the test bearing 400 to rotate. The relative rotation of the inner and outer rings of the test bearing 400 generates tangential friction. With the radial loading assembly 32 abutting against the outer ring of the test bearing 400, the two-dimensional force sensor 30 synchronously collects the tangential force signal.

[0026] The two-dimensional force sensor 30 is used to simultaneously acquire force signals in two dimensions: radial loading force (the normal force along the loading direction of the drive component 31, i.e., the radial force of the test bearing 400, denoted as...). Tangential friction (the frictional force along the tangential direction of rotation of the test bearing 400, denoted as...) The preferred two-dimensional force sensor 30 is a strain gauge type two-dimensional force sensor.

[0027] The main body of the drive component 31 can be fixed to the frame 100 by a mounting base. The mounting base can be further fixed to the side where the output end of the drive component 31 is located. The output end of the drive component 31 can move back and forth radially through the mounting base to ensure that the drive component 31 moves linearly along the radial direction of the test bearing 400, providing a stable radial loading path for the test bearing 400. The drive component 31 can preferably be an electric cylinder.

[0028] The two-dimensional force sensor 30 is connected to the output end of the drive unit 31 via the sensor connection plate 33. The two-dimensional force sensor 30 and the sensor connection plate 33 can extend and retract with the output end of the drive unit 31.

[0029] In some embodiments, the radial loading assembly 32 includes a radial spring push rod 321, a top spring sleeve 322, and a top support 323 that are sequentially connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor 30.

[0030] The force-measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor 30 is fixedly connected to one end of the radial spring push rod 321, and the other end of the radial spring push rod 321 extends into the top spring sleeve 322, forming a sliding guide fit with the top spring sleeve 322; the end of the top spring sleeve 322 away from the radial spring push rod 321 is fixedly connected to the top support 323. A compression spring is provided between the radial spring push rod 321 and the top spring sleeve 322. One end of the compression spring abuts against the stepped surface of the radial spring push rod 321, and the other end abuts against the inner end face of the top spring sleeve 322, so that the loading force can be flexibly and smoothly transmitted to the test bearing 400, while avoiding rigid impacts that could damage the two-dimensional force sensor 30.

[0031] In operation, the radial loading force output by the drive component 31 is sequentially transmitted to the test bearing 400 via its output end, sensor connection plate 33, two-dimensional force sensor 30, radial spring push rod 321, top spring sleeve 322, and top support 323, achieving radial loading. Simultaneously, the tangential friction force generated by the rotation of the test bearing 400 is transmitted in the reverse direction to the two-dimensional force sensor 30 via the top support 323, top spring sleeve 322, and radial spring push rod 321. This allows the two-dimensional force sensor 30 to simultaneously collect both the radial loading force and the tangential friction force, and calculate the friction torque of the test bearing 400 based on the tangential friction force and a preset lever arm, thereby accurately evaluating the bearing's friction characteristics under different operating conditions. The preset lever arm is the straight-line distance from the force measurement center of the two-dimensional force sensor 30 to the rotation center of the test bearing 400. The friction torque can be calculated using the formula... Calculated. Where, For frictional torque, The distance is the straight-line distance from the force measurement center of the two-dimensional force sensor to the rotation center of the test bearing. This is the tangential frictional force.

[0032] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 The bearing outer bushing 10 includes a first positioning disc 11 and a second positioning disc 12, which are axially spaced and opposite to each other along the main shaft 200. The test bearing 400 is positioned between the first positioning disc 11 and the second positioning disc 12. The first positioning disc 11 has a clearance fit with the outer ring of the test bearing 400, and the second positioning disc 12 has an interference fit with the main shaft 200. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment where the spindle 200 is vertically mounted on the frame 100, the first positioning plate 11 and the second positioning plate 12 are arranged vertically on the spindle 200, and the second positioning plate 12 is interference-fitted with the spindle 200 while being supported below the test bearing 400.

[0033] In some embodiments, the bearing testing machine further includes a support mechanism for axially supporting the spindle 200. (See reference) Figure 1 and Figure 2 The support mechanism includes a bracket 110 mounted on the frame 100 and at least one test bearing assembly sleeved on the main shaft 200 and connected to the bracket 110; the test bearing assembly is located on at least one side of the bearing outer bushing 10.

[0034] exist Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the support mechanism includes two sets of test bearing assemblies, namely a first test bearing assembly 20 and a second test bearing assembly 40; the first test bearing assembly 20 and the second test bearing assembly 40 are located on opposite sides of the bearing outer bushing 10. In the embodiment where the main shaft 200 is vertically mounted on the frame 100, the first test bearing assembly 20 is located above the bearing outer bushing 10, and the second test bearing assembly 40 is located below the bearing outer bushing 10.

[0035] The first test bearing assembly 20 may include a first bearing sleeve 21 and at least one test bearing 22 disposed inside the first bearing sleeve 21. The first bearing sleeve 21 may be supported and fixed on the bracket 110, specifically fixed on the support beam at the corresponding position of the bracket 110. The test bearing 22 is fitted onto the main shaft 200 with its inner ring, and the outer ring of the test bearing 22 mates with the first bearing sleeve 21.

[0036] The second test bearing assembly 40 may include a second bearing sleeve 41 and at least one support bearing 42 disposed inside the second bearing sleeve 41. The second bearing sleeve 41 may be supported and fixed on the bracket 110, specifically fixed on the support beam at the corresponding position of the bracket 110. The support bearing 42 is fitted onto the main shaft 200 with its inner ring, and the outer ring of the support bearing 42 mates with the second bearing sleeve 41.

[0037] The second test bearing assembly 40 may also include an inner skeleton-type oil retainer ring 43, which is located at the bottom of the second bearing sleeve 41 and supported below the support bearing 42, to prevent the internal lubricating oil of the second test bearing assembly 40 from leaking out and to ensure shaft lubrication and dust prevention.

[0038] Furthermore, the support mechanism may also include an axial load test bearing assembly 50 located away from the bearing bushing 10 and fitted onto the spindle 200, for balancing the axial force of the spindle 200.

[0039] The axial load test bearing assembly 50 may specifically include an axial load bearing sleeve 51 and at least one axial load test bearing 52 disposed within the axial load bearing sleeve 51, the axial load test bearing 52 being sleeved on the outer periphery of the main shaft 200. When there are two or more axial load test bearings 52 within the axial load bearing sleeve 51, adjacent axial load test bearings 52 are separated by an axial spacer 53.

[0040] The axial load test bearing assembly 50 also includes a skeleton oil seal 54 located at the bottom of the axial load bearing sleeve 51 to prevent the internal lubricating oil of the axial load test bearing assembly 50 from leaking out, thus ensuring shaft lubrication and dust prevention.

[0041] exist Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the axial load test bearing assembly 50 is sleeved on the lower end of the spindle 200, located on the side of the second test bearing assembly 40 away from the bearing outer bushing 10. A locking member 60 is further provided below the axial load test bearing assembly 50 to confine the axial load test bearing assembly 50 to the spindle 200, ensuring assembly reliability. The locking member 60 can specifically be a metal self-locking anti-loosening ring nut.

[0042] Understandably, other bearing assemblies, such as the first test bearing assembly 20 and the second test bearing assembly 40, can also be locked onto the main shaft 200 by locking devices to ensure assembly reliability.

[0043] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the bearing testing machine further includes a spindle drive mechanism, which is connected to and drives the spindle 200 to rotate. The spindle drive mechanism may include a motor and a driven pulley 70, which is fitted onto the spindle 200 and driven by the motor. After the motor starts, it drives the spindle 200 to rotate via the driven pulley 70.

[0044] Furthermore, the bearing testing machine also includes a data processing system, which can be connected to the two-dimensional force sensor 30 via signal cables, etc., to receive signals sent by the two-dimensional force sensor 30, including radial loading force signals and tangential force signals.

[0045] The data processing system can obtain the radial loading force (or tangential loading force) after processing the radial loading force signal and the tangential force signal. ) and tangential force (tangential friction, Combining tangential force and formula The frictional torque of the test bearing 400 can be calculated. In the formula, The distance is the straight-line distance from the force measurement center of the two-dimensional force sensor to the rotation center of the test bearing. It is a tangential force.

[0046] In use, the bearing testing machine of the present invention mounts the test bearing 400 on the main shaft 200, with the outer ring of the test bearing 400 engaging with the bearing outer bushing 10, and the inner ring of the test bearing 400 engaging with the main shaft 200. The bearing outer bushing 10 does not contact other components, forming a contactless suspension, thus structurally eliminating additional contact friction interference.

[0047] The start-up drive unit 31, such as an electric cylinder, pushes the two-dimensional force sensor 30 to move towards the test bearing 400, applying a radial load to the outer ring of the test bearing 400; the two-dimensional force sensor 30 simultaneously collects the radial loading force ( The signal activates the spindle drive mechanism, causing the spindle 200 to rotate, which in turn causes the inner ring of the test bearing 400 to rotate at a set speed. The relative rotation of the inner and outer rings of the test bearing 400 generates tangential friction, which is collected by the two-dimensional force sensor 30. ) signal. Pre-stored lever arm parameters within the data processing system ( The straight-line distance from the force measuring center of the two-dimensional force sensor 30 to the rotation center of the test bearing 400), the data processing unit according to the formula Calculate the frictional torque of the test bearing 400 ( ).

[0048] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bearing tester characterized by, The device includes a frame, a spindle rotatably mounted on the frame, a bearing bushing sleeved around the outer periphery of the spindle, and a loading mechanism mounted on the frame and located on one side of the spindle. The loading mechanism includes a drive unit, a two-dimensional force sensor connected to the output end of the drive unit, and a radial loading assembly connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor. The test bearing is sleeved on the outer circumference of the main shaft and located inside the bearing outer bushing. The outer ring of the test bearing mates with the bearing outer bushing and is fixed relative to the bearing outer bushing. The inner ring of the test bearing is fixed relative to the main shaft. The loading mechanism abuts against the outer ring of the test bearing through the radial loading component, applying a radial load to the outer ring of the test bearing, and the two-dimensional force sensor synchronously acquires the radial loading force signal; The rotation of the spindle drives the inner ring of the test bearing to rotate. The relative rotation of the inner and outer rings of the test bearing generates tangential friction force, and the two-dimensional force sensor synchronously collects the tangential force signal.

2. The bearing tester of claim 1, wherein, The bearing outer bushing includes a first positioning plate and a second positioning plate that are axially spaced and opposite to each other along the main shaft, and the test bearing is positioned between the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate; The first positioning plate is clearance-fitted with the outer ring of the test bearing, and the second positioning plate is interference-fitted with the spindle.

3. The bearing tester of claim 1, wherein, The radial loading assembly includes a radial spring push rod, a top spring sleeve, and a top support, which are sequentially connected to the force measuring end of the two-dimensional force sensor.

4. The bearing tester of claim 1, wherein, The driving component includes an electric cylinder; and / or, the two-dimensional force sensor is connected to the output end of the driving component via a sensor connection plate.

5. The bearing tester of claim 1, wherein, The bearing testing machine further includes a support mechanism for axially supporting the main shaft. The support mechanism includes a bracket mounted on the frame and at least one auxiliary bearing assembly sleeved on the main shaft and connected to the bracket. The auxiliary bearing assembly is located on at least one side of the bearing outer bushing.

6. The bearing tester of claim 5, wherein, The support mechanism includes two sets of the test bearing assemblies, namely the first test bearing assembly and the second test bearing assembly. The first and second test bearing assemblies are located on opposite sides of the bearing outer bushing.

7. The bearing tester of claim 5 wherein, The support mechanism also includes an axial load test bearing assembly that is located away from the bearing bushing and sleeved on the main shaft.

8. The bearing tester of any of claims 1-7, wherein, The bearing testing machine also includes a data processing system, which is connected to the two-dimensional force sensor and receives signals sent by the two-dimensional force sensor. The data processing system calculates the friction torque of the test bearing according to the tangential force and the formula The data processing system calculates the friction torque of the test bearing according to the tangential force and the formula ; wherein, is the linear distance from the force center of the two-dimensional force sensor to the rotation center of the test bearing, is the tangential force.

9. The bearing testing machine according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The bearing testing machine also includes a spindle drive mechanism, which is connected to and drives the spindle to rotate.

10. The bearing testing machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The main shaft drive mechanism includes a motor and a driven pulley, the driven pulley being fixed on the main shaft and connected to the motor for transmission.

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