Loading device and loading method suitable for on-site cantilever beam bending test of ice body

Abstract

This invention proposes a loading device and method for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice. The ice body includes a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam of ice to be tested, with a partition groove formed between the fixed ice body and the cantilever beam. The loading device includes a clamping assembly, a testing assembly, and a driving component. The clamping assembly has a clamping groove for accommodating the fixed ice body, and a portion of the clamping assembly passes through the partition groove and engages with the fixed ice body. One end of the testing assembly is mounted on the clamping assembly, and the other end is equipped with a test sensor. The driving component is mounted on the clamping assembly and is used to push against the test assembly, creating a loading force between the test sensor and the cantilever beam of ice to be tested. During testing, the test sensor continuously collects the loading force and calculates the bending strength value of the ice body by combining it with the dimensional data of the cantilever beam. This device can achieve stable clamping, fixed-point loading, and load detection on ice in the field, reducing the impact of ice sample transfer and secondary clamping on the test results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice, specifically to a loading device and loading method suitable for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice. Background Technology

[0002] Sea ice is a major environmental threat to marine structures in cold regions, and the ice load generated by sea ice bending failure directly determines structural safety and operational reliability. In the process of designing ice-resistant structures, optimizing ice-resistant structures, and calculating ice loads, it is necessary to accurately obtain the true bending mechanical properties of the ice. On-site cantilever beam bending tests are the core means to obtain the bending strength, failure mode, and deformation characteristics of the ice.

[0003] Ice bodies exhibit characteristics such as temperature and salinity gradients in their natural environment, and their bending failure behavior differs from that under laboratory conditions. Therefore, conducting ice cantilever beam bending tests on-site is of great significance for improving the accuracy of ice load calculations and ensuring the safe operation of structures in ice-covered areas.

[0004] Due to the complex ice surface environment and diverse boundary conditions, as well as the brittleness and stress concentration of the ice, stable clamping and precise loading under in-situ conditions are required to obtain accurate and effective bending test data. However, existing loading devices are mostly designed for laboratory simply supported beams and are difficult to adapt to the fixing and loading requirements of cantilever beams in the field. They lack versatility, portability, and in-situ adaptability, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of in-situ cantilever beam bending tests for both sea ice and freshwater ice.

[0005] Existing research has shown that the bending properties of ice are closely related to conditions such as temperature, salinity, and ice porosity. Therefore, the on-site cantilever beam bending test of ice is an important basis for accurately measuring the mechanical properties of ice and supporting the engineering design of ice-covered areas.

[0006] The known documents include: a method for testing the bending strength of sea ice (CN201510640314.2); a multifunctional loading device for small beam-plate ice specimens and its test loading method (CN202111544823.7); a mechanical property testing device for model ice (CN201910514514.1); an ice bending and compression failure testing device (CN201910313987.5); and a bending strength measuring device for model ice and its usage method (CN201910873758.9).

[0007] First, the aforementioned patents and documents mainly focus on three-point / four-point bending tests of sea ice, indoor model ice tests, or ice sheet bearing capacity tests, without specifically designing dedicated loading devices and test methods for field cantilever beam bending tests.

[0008] Secondly, the patent "A Method for Testing the Bending Strength of Sea Ice" focuses on a laboratory four-point bending test, relies on a large pressure testing machine, and requires pre-fabricated standard specimens, making in-situ testing impossible. The patent "Multifunctional Loading Device for Small Beam-Slab Ice Specimens and Its Test Loading Method" uses a self-balancing reaction frame structure, capable of performing simply supported bending and localized compression tests on ice beams and slabs. However, this device is only suitable for simply supported conditions on small ice specimens and is designed solely for low-temperature laboratory environments, failing to consider the versatility and rapid assembly requirements of complex ice surfaces in the field. The patent "A Model Ice Mechanical Property Testing Device," while capable of cantilever beam bending and compression tests on model ice using a hydraulic cylinder drive and switchable loading direction, is only suitable for indoor artificial model ice tests. It requires pre-prepared standard specimens and cannot be used for in-situ testing of natural sea ice and freshwater ice. Furthermore, it lacks a structural design for adaptation to outdoor ice surfaces, rapid assembly, and reliable clamping. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides a loading device and method for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a loading device for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice. The ice body includes: a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. A partition groove is provided between the fixed ice body and the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. The loading device for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice includes: A clamping assembly having a clamping groove for receiving a fixed ice body, a portion of the clamping assembly passing through the partition groove and engaging with the fixed ice body for clamping; The test component is mounted on the clamping component at one end and has a test sensor at the other end. The test sensor is used to detect the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. The driving component is mounted on the clamping assembly at one end and abuts against the test assembly at the other end. The driving component is used to push against the test assembly, so that a loading force is formed between the test sensor and the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested.

[0011] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes: The fastener has a fixing surface that fits against one side surface of the fixed ice body; A clamping member is disposed opposite to the fixing member. A portion of the clamping member passes through the partition groove and extends to the side of the fixed ice body away from the fixing member. The clamping member and the fixing member together form the clamping groove.

[0012] Preferably, the clamping assembly further includes: The locking member has one end passing through the clamping member and the other end abutting against the fixing member; the clamping member and the locking member are threadedly connected. The locking member is rotated to adjust the position between the clamping member and the fixing member, so that the clamping member clamps or releases the fixed ice body from the fixing member.

[0013] Preferably, the clamping member includes: A clamping plate is arranged parallel to the fixing member, and the clamping plate and the fixing member are respectively located on opposite sides of the fixed ice body; An extension plate, one end of which is fixedly connected to the clamping plate, and the other end of which extends along the length of the locking member, the extension plate passing through the partition groove; A movable plate is fixedly connected to the end of the extension plate away from the clamping plate, and the locking member passes through the movable plate; When adjusting the locking member, the locking member pushes the movable plate to move along the locking member, and the movable plate, through the extension plate, drives the clamping plate to move closer to or away from the fixing member, thereby changing the size of the clamping groove.

[0014] Preferably, the test component includes: The mounting plate is mounted on the fixing member at one end and extends along the length of the locking member at the other end. The rotating arm has one end rotatably connected to the mounting plate and the other end has a mounting end, on which the test sensor is mounted.

[0015] Preferably, the test component further includes: The contact head is mounted on the test sensor at one end and has a flexible arc-shaped contact portion at the other end.

[0016] Preferably, the output end of the drive member is disposed toward the fixed surface, and the drive member is used to push the rotating arm to rotate relative to the mounting plate so that the contact head abuts against the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested; Specifically, when the contact head abuts against the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, the loading direction of the contact head is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested.

[0017] Preferably, the arc-shaped contact portion protrudes in a direction away from the test sensor.

[0018] A loading method for in-situ cantilever beam bending tests on ice, applied to the in-situ cantilever beam bending test loading device for ice as described in any one of the above methods, the method comprising: Prepare the test area to form a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam for the ice body to be tested; The clamping assembly is clamped onto the fixed ice body so that the loading end of the test sensor is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, and the loading end of the test sensor is in contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. During testing, the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body under test is continuously collected by the test sensor, and the collection is stopped when the cantilever beam of the ice body under test breaks or the loading force suddenly drops, so as to generate test load data. Obtain the dimensional data of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, including the length, width and thickness of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested; The ice bending strength value of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested is calculated based on the test load data and the size data.

[0019] Preferably, the steps for preparing the test area to form a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested include: A test area is selected, and the ice in the test area is cut to form a rectangular ice cantilever beam. The three adjacent sides of the ice cantilever beam and the fixed ice form a partition groove. The other side of the ice cantilever beam is a fixed side, which is connected to the fixed ice. The ice cantilever beam has a test side, which is located on the opposite sides of the ice cantilever beam and on both sides of the partition groove.

[0020] The loading device and method for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice proposed in this invention have the following beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a loading device and loading method for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice. By dividing the ice body into a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam of ice to be tested, and forming a partition groove between the two, the cantilever beam of ice to be tested can be formed in a cantilever stress state under in-situ conditions. This reduces the impact of ice sample cutting, transportation and secondary clamping on the temperature, salinity, pore structure and failure behavior of the ice body, and makes the test results closer to the real bending mechanical properties of the ice body on site.

[0021] The clamping assembly has a clamping groove, in which the fixed ice body is accommodated. A part of the clamping assembly passes through the partition groove and cooperates with the fixed ice body for clamping. The field cantilever beam bending test loading device suitable for ice bodies can utilize the fixed ice body already formed on site as the installation position, without relying on large pressure testing machines, reaction frames or additional support seats, thus improving the installation convenience and in-situ adaptability of the device in the field ice surface environment.

[0022] Meanwhile, the clamping assembly clamps the fixed ice body, which can avoid applying additional clamping constraints to the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested during the installation of the device, reduce the risk of the boundary conditions of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested being changed, and make the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested mainly bear the constraint through its connection with the fixed ice body, which is more in line with the stress state of the cantilever beam bending test on site.

[0023] One end of the test component is mounted on the clamping assembly, and the other end is equipped with a test sensor. The drive component is mounted on the clamping assembly and pushes against the test component, creating a loading force between the test sensor and the cantilever beam of the ice body under test. The loading force is provided by the drive component, transmitted by the test component, and simultaneously detected by the test sensor. This allows the loading process and load acquisition process to be completed in the same device, reducing errors caused by manual loading, manual reading, or estimation.

[0024] This invention enables stable clamping, fixed-point loading, and load testing of cantilever beams on ice bodies under test in natural sea ice or freshwater ice environments. It addresses the shortcomings of existing laboratory loading devices in terms of versatility, portability, and in-situ adaptability, thereby improving the operational efficiency, loading stability, and data accuracy of on-site cantilever beam bending tests. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the loading device for on-site cantilever beam bending tests of ice, as described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage of the loading device for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice, as described in this invention. Figure 3 A structural diagram of an ice body; Figure 4 A flowchart for a loading method suitable for field cantilever beam bending tests on ice.

[0026] In the picture: 100. Loading device suitable for on-site cantilever beam bending tests on ice; 10. Clamping assembly; 10a. Clamping slot; 11. Fixing element; 11a. Fixing surface; 13. Locking element; 15. Clamping plate; 16. Extension plate; 17. Movable plate; 20. Test assembly; 21. Test sensor; 22. Mounting plate; 23. Rotating arm; 24. Contact head; 241. Arc-shaped contact part; 30. Drive components; 200, Ice body; 210, Fixed ice body; 220, Cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested; 200a, Dividing groove.

[0027] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0028] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "lateral," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] This invention provides a field cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 suitable for ice bodies. The field cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 is installed on an ice body 200 and applies a bending test load to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The ice body 200 includes a fixed ice body 210 and a cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The fixed ice body 210 serves as a fixed position, and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested serves as the stress test object. A separating groove 200a is provided between the fixed ice body 210 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The separating groove 200a is used to separate the peripheral area of ​​the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested from the peripheral area of ​​the fixed ice body 210, so that the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested forms a cantilever stress state, while allowing a portion of the clamping assembly 10 to pass through. The separating groove 200a is a through groove with a roughly "U"-shaped structure.

[0031] A clamping assembly 10 is disposed at the fixed ice body 210, and the clamping assembly 10 has a clamping groove 10a. The clamping groove 10a opens toward the fixed ice body 210, and a portion of the fixed ice body 210 is accommodated within the clamping groove 10a. A portion of the clamping assembly 10 passes through the partition groove 200a and extends to the side of the fixed ice body 210 opposite to the opening of the clamping groove 10a, so that the clamping assembly 10 can engage with the fixed ice body 210 from opposite sides to clamp it.

[0032] One end of the test assembly 20 is mounted on the clamping assembly 10, and the other end extends toward the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and is equipped with a test sensor 21. The test sensor 21 is used to form a loading contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested and to detect the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The test assembly 20 is positioned by the clamping assembly 10, so that the test sensor 21 is held at a predetermined loading position on the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, thereby ensuring the stability of the loading position.

[0033] One end of the driving component 30 is mounted on the clamping assembly 10, and the other end faces the testing assembly 20 and is used to abut against the testing assembly 20. When the driving component 30 is working, it pushes against the testing assembly 20, causing the testing assembly 20 to transmit the output of the driving component 30 to the testing sensor 21. A loading force is formed between the testing sensor 21 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test. During the loading process, the testing sensor 21 synchronously detects the loading force to obtain the load data of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test during bending.

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, the clamping assembly 10 clamps and fixes the ice body 210 to complete the on-site fixation. The testing assembly 20 is responsible for load transfer and sensor positioning. The driving component 30 provides loading to the testing assembly 20, so that the testing sensor 21 forms a stable load on the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. This on-site cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 suitable for ice bodies is suitable for cantilever beam bending tests in the environment of on-site ice body 200, reduces the dependence on external support equipment, and improves the fixation stability and load detection reliability during the loading process.

[0035] The test sensor 21 directly detects the applied force, reducing errors in manual estimation and improving the ease of installation, loading stability, and data reliability of the on-site ice body 200 bending strength test.

[0036] It should be noted that the drive component 30 is a servo electric cylinder with an effective stroke of 200mm, a rated maximum thrust of 15kN, a body mass of 15.5kg, a maximum loading speed of 20mm / s, and a positioning accuracy of 0.02mm. It can meet the requirements of loading accuracy, loading rate, and load capacity for on-site ice cantilever beam bending tests, and is suitable for the different brittle characteristics and loading conditions of sea ice and freshwater ice.

[0037] The test sensor 21 is a force sensor, using an alloy steel tensile and compressive sensor with a range of 0~20kN. It has a sensitivity of 2.0±0.1mV / V, an overall accuracy of 0.05%FS, and nonlinearity, hysteresis error, and repeatability error are all ≤±0.03%FS. The operating temperature range is -20~+70℃, the sealing rating is IP66, the excitation voltage is 5~12VDC, and the sampling frequency is 100Hz. It can collect load data in real time and accurately during the loading process, and synchronously record the load-time curve, providing a reliable input for calculating the bending strength of ice.

[0038] Preferably, the clamping assembly 10 includes: The fixing member 11 is disposed on one side of the fixed ice body 210, and the fixing member 11 forms a fixing surface 11a on the side facing the fixed ice body 210, which is in contact with one side surface of the fixed ice body 210. The fixing member 11 has a plate-like or block-like structure to increase the contact area between it and the fixed ice body 210, so that the clamping assembly 10 will not shift relative to the fixed ice body 210 during loading.

[0039] A portion of the clamping member passes through the partition groove 200a between the fixed ice body 210 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and extends to the side of the fixed ice body 210 opposite to the fixing member 11. The fixing member 11 is located on one side of the fixed ice body 210, and the clamping portion of the clamping member is located on the other side of the fixed ice body 210. The two clamping members respectively limit the fixed ice body 210 from the opposite sides of the fixed ice body 210.

[0040] A clamping groove 10a is formed between the fixing member 11 and the clamping member, and the fixed ice body 210 is accommodated in the clamping groove 10a. During installation, the fixing surface 11a of the fixing member 11 is first made to fit against one side surface of the fixed ice body 210, and then a part of the clamping member is made to pass through the partition groove 200a and reach the other side of the fixed ice body 210, so that the fixed ice body 210 is located between the fixing member 11 and the clamping member. After the fixing member 11 and the clamping member jointly clamp the fixed ice body 210, the clamping assembly 10 is fixed on the fixed ice body 210.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, the clamping assembly 10 uses the existing fixed ice body 210 as the installation position, and the clamping member is inserted through the partition groove 200a, so that the on-site cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 suitable for ice body is stably installed on the on-site ice body 200, while avoiding additional clamping constraints on the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and ensuring that the stress state of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested in the subsequent bending test is closer to the real cantilever state.

[0042] It should be noted that the clamping component is roughly C-shaped.

[0043] Preferably, the clamping assembly 10 further includes a locking member 13, one end of which passes through the clamping plate 15, and the other end extends toward the fixing member 11 and abuts against the fixing member 11. The clamping plate 15 is threadedly connected to the locking member 13, and the clamping plate 15 has a threaded hole that mates with the locking member 13, with the locking member 13 passing through the threaded hole. The fixing member 11 is located on one side of the fixed ice body 210, and the clamping plate 15 is located on the side of the fixed ice body 210 opposite to the fixing member 11. The locking member 13 is used to adjust the relative position between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11.

[0044] In use, rotating the locking member 13 causes it to screw in or out of the threaded hole in the clamping plate 15. Since one end of the locking member 13 abuts against the fixing member 11, the locking member 13 applies a pushing force along the length of the clamping plate 15 during rotation, using the fixing member 11 as the abutment position, causing the clamping plate 15 to move relative to the fixing member 11.

[0045] When the clamping plate 15 moves toward the fixing member 11, the clamping groove 10a formed between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11 becomes smaller, and the ice body 210 is clamped between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11.

[0046] When the clamping plate 15 moves away from the fixing member 11, the clamping groove 10a becomes larger, and the clamping effect of the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11 on the fixed ice body 210 decreases, thereby releasing the fixed ice body 210.

[0047] Rotating the locking member 13 adjusts the position between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11, allowing the clamping assembly 10 to adapt to fixed ice bodies 210 of different thicknesses. The threaded engagement between the locking member 13 and the clamping plate 15 creates a self-locking effect after adjustment, ensuring that the clamping assembly 10 maintains a stable clamping state during loading.

[0048] Preferably, the clamping plate 15 includes a clamping plate 15, an extension plate 16, and a movable plate 17. The clamping plate 15 is arranged parallel to the fixing member 11, and the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11 are located on opposite sides of the fixed ice body 210. The side of the clamping plate 15 facing the fixing member 11 is used to abut against the fixed ice body 210, and the side of the fixing member 11 facing the clamping plate 15 is used to fit against the other side of the fixed ice body 210. A clamping groove 10a for accommodating the fixed ice body 210 is formed between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11.

[0049] One end of the extension plate 16 is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 15, and the other end extends along the length of the locking member 13. The extension plate 16 passes through the partition groove and extends from the side where the clamping plate 15 is located to the side where the movable plate 17 is located. The extension plate 16 is used to connect the clamping plate 15 and the movable plate 17, so that the movement of the movable plate 17 is transmitted to the clamping plate 15.

[0050] The movable plate 17 is fixedly connected to the end of the extension plate 16 away from the clamping plate 15, and the locking member 13 passes through the movable plate 17. The movable plate 17 is provided with a threaded hole that mates with the locking member 13, and the locking member 13 is threadedly connected to the movable plate 17 through the threaded hole. The end of the locking member 13 near the fixing member 11 abuts against the fixing member 11. When the locking member 13 rotates, the locking member 13 pushes the movable plate 17 to move along the locking member 13, and the movable plate 17 drives the clamping plate 15 to move synchronously via the extension plate 16.

[0051] When the locking member 13 is adjusted, the movable plate 17 changes its position relative to the fixed member 11 under the push of the locking member 13. The movable plate 17 drives the extension plate 16 to move, and the extension plate 16 drives the clamping plate 15 to move closer to or away from the fixed member 11, thereby changing the distance between the clamping plate 15 and the fixed member 11. When the clamping plate 15 moves closer to the fixed member 11, the clamping groove 10a becomes smaller, and the fixed ice body 210 is clamped between the clamping plate 15 and the fixed member 11; when the clamping plate 15 moves away from the fixed member 11, the clamping groove 10a becomes larger, and the clamping assembly 10 releases the fixed ice body 210, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of the loading device or the removal of the loading device from the fixed ice body 210.

[0052] The clamping plate 15, extension plate 16, and movable plate 17 form an integral structure spanning the partition groove. The clamping plate 15, together with the fixing member 11, clamps and fixes the ice body 210. The extension plate 16 passes through the partition groove and connects the clamping plate 15 and the movable plate 17. The movable plate 17 is threaded into the locking member 13 and receives adjustment from the locking member 13. Adjustment of the locking member 13 on one side of the fixing member 11 allows the clamping plate 15 on the other side of the fixed ice body 210 to clamp or release. This design is suitable for installation environments where the partition groove has already been formed during on-site ice cantilever beam tests.

[0053] Locking component 13 is a bolt.

[0054] Preferably, the clamping member includes: A clamping plate 15 is arranged parallel to the fixing member 11. The clamping plate 15 is located on the side of the fixed ice body 210 away from the fixing member 11, and the fixing member 11 is located on the other side of the fixed ice body 210, so that the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11 are respectively located on opposite sides of the fixed ice body 210. The side of the clamping plate 15 facing the fixing member 11 is used to abut against the fixed ice body 210, and a clamping groove 10a is formed between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11 to accommodate the fixed ice body 210.

[0055] An extension plate 16 is fixedly connected at one end to the clamping plate 15, and extends along the length of the locking member 13 at the other end. The extension plate 16 passes through the partition groove 200a between the fixed ice body 210 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and extends from the side where the clamping plate 15 is located to the side where the fixing member 11 is located. The extension plate 16 is used to connect the clamping plate 15 and the movable plate 17, so that the movement of the movable plate 17 drives the clamping plate 15 to move together.

[0056] The movable plate 17 is fixedly connected to the end of the extension plate 16 away from the clamping plate 15, and the locking member 13 passes through the movable plate 17. The movable plate 17 has a threaded hole for the locking member 13 to pass through, and the movable plate 17 can move along the length direction of the locking member 13.

[0057] When the locking member 13 is adjusted, the locking member 13 pushes the movable plate 17 to move along the length direction of the locking member 13. The movable plate 17 drives the clamping plate 15 to move closer to or away from the fixing member 11 via the extension plate 16, thereby changing the size of the clamping groove 10a.

[0058] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, when the locking member 13 is turned, the movable plate 17 changes its position relative to the fixed member 11 under the push of the locking member 13. The movable plate 17 drives the clamping plate 15 to move closer to or further away from the fixed member 11 via the extension plate 16, thereby changing the distance between the clamping plate 15 and the fixed member 11.

[0059] When the clamping plate 15 is close to the fixing member 11, the clamping groove 10a becomes smaller, and the fixed ice body 210 is clamped between the clamping plate 15 and the fixing member 11. When the clamping plate 15 is away from the fixing member 11, the clamping groove 10a becomes larger, and the clamping effect of the clamping assembly 10 on the fixed ice body 210 decreases, making it easier to disassemble or adjust the clamping position.

[0060] The clamping plate 15, extension plate 16, and movable plate 17 form an integral clamping component. After the extension plate 16 passes through the partition groove 200a, it connects the clamping plate 15 and the movable plate 17, thereby driving the clamping plate 15 to complete the clamping or releasing action. The clamping assembly 10 can complete cross-side clamping through the partition groove 200a, adapting to the cantilever beam test environment after the ice body 200 is cut on site, and improving the stability of the on-site cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 suitable for ice bodies on the fixed ice body 210.

[0061] Preferably, the test assembly 20 includes a mounting plate 22 and a rotating arm 23.

[0062] One end of the mounting plate 22 is mounted on the fixing member 11, and the other end extends along the length of the locking member 13, so that the mounting plate 22 can be fixed together with the fixing member 11 to one side of the fixed ice body 210. The mounting plate 22 has a plate-shaped or rod-shaped structure, and its end near the fixing member 11 is fixedly connected to the fixing member 11. The connection method includes bolt connection, welding or integral molding, so as to ensure that the mounting plate 22 remains stable relative to the fixing member 11 during loading.

[0063] One end of the rotating arm 23 is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 22. The end of the rotating arm 23 closest to the mounting plate 22 is mounted on the mounting plate 22 via a pivot, pin, or hinge, allowing the rotating arm 23 to rotate relative to the mounting plate 22. The other end of the rotating arm 23 forms a mounting end for mounting a test sensor 21. The test sensor 21 is fixed to the mounting end, with its detection end facing the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test, so as to detect the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test during loading.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, during use, after the fixing member 11 is fixed to the fixed ice body 210, the mounting plate 22 is positioned with the fixing member 11. The rotating arm 23 rotates relative to the mounting plate 22 under the pushing action of the driving member 30, with its rotational connection with the mounting plate 22 as the rotation fulcrum.

[0065] When the rotating arm 23 rotates, the test sensor 21 located at the mounting end moves with the rotating arm 23 toward the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and forms a loading contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. When the driving component 30 continues to apply force, the rotating arm 23 transmits this force to the test sensor 21, so that a loading force is formed between the test sensor 21 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0066] The test sensor 21 is set at the loading position of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested via the rotating arm 23. The mounting plate 22 provides stable support for the rotating arm 23. The rotating arm 23 transmits the loading action of the driving component 30 through rotation, so that the test sensor 21 can stably contact the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested and collect the loading force data, thereby improving the loading stability and detection reliability of the cantilever beam bending test on site.

[0067] Preferably, the test assembly 20 further includes a contact head 24, one end of which is mounted on the test sensor 21, and the other end is used to contact the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The contact head 24 and the test sensor 21 are connected by a threaded connection, plug-in connection, snap-fit ​​connection, or screw fixation, so that the contact head 24 can be subjected to force synchronously with the test sensor 21 during loading, and transmit the reaction force generated by the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to the test sensor 21.

[0068] The end of the contact head 24 furthest from the test sensor 21 has a flexible arc-shaped contact portion 241, which is made of rubber, silicone, flexible polyurethane, or other low-temperature resistant flexible materials. The flexible arc-shaped contact portion 241 protrudes towards the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and its outer surface is a circular arc surface or an arc-shaped convex surface. During loading, the flexible arc-shaped contact portion 241 first contacts the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and under the action of the loading force, it undergoes slight elastic deformation, thereby forming a larger contact area between the contact head 24 and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0069] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, a contact head 24 is provided on the test sensor 21, and a flexible arc-shaped contact portion 241 is formed on the contact head 24 to avoid the rigid end of the test sensor 21 directly pressing the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, thereby reducing the risk of the surface of the ice body 200 being crushed or non-experimental cracks being generated due to local sharp contact in the early stage of loading.

[0070] The flexible arc-shaped contact part 241 can adapt to the slight unevenness of the surface of the ice body 200 on site, so that the loading force is transmitted to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test more stably, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the loading force data collected by the test sensor 21.

[0071] Preferably, the drive member 30 is mounted on the clamping assembly 10, with its output end facing the fixing surface 11a of the fixing member 11. The fixing surface 11a is the side surface of the fixing member 11 that adheres to and fixes the ice body 210. The output end of the drive member 30 is positioned towards this fixing surface 11a, so that when the drive member 30 outputs force, it can push against the rotating arm 23 in a direction close to the fixing surface 11a. The drive member 30 is a structure capable of outputting linear thrust, such as an electric push rod, a hydraulic cylinder, or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0072] The driving component 30 is located on the side of the fixing component 11 away from the fixed ice body 210, and the force-bearing part of the rotating arm 23 is located between the output end of the driving component 30 and the fixing surface 11a. When the output end of the driving component 30 extends in a direction close to the fixing surface 11a, it abuts against the force-bearing part of the rotating arm 23 to push the rotating arm 23 to rotate relative to the mounting plate 22.

[0073] One end of the rotating arm 23 is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 22, and the other end is equipped with a test sensor 21 and a contact head 24. The output end of the drive unit 30 corresponds to the force-bearing position of the rotating arm 23.

[0074] Specifically, when the contact head 24 abuts against the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, the loading direction of the contact head 24 is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0075] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, when the drive unit 30 is working, its output end extends toward the fixed surface 11a and pushes against the rotating arm 23. During the rotation of the rotating arm 23, it drives the test sensor 21 and the contact head 24 installed on its mounting end to move toward the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested until the contact head 24 abuts against the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0076] By setting the relative positions of the mounting plate 22, the rotating arm 23 and the driving component 30, the loading direction of the contact head 24 is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested when the contact head 24 abuts against the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0077] When the contact head 24 abuts against the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test, the loading direction of the contact head 24 is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam. The force applied by the contact head 24 to the cantilever beam is transmitted along the normal direction of the surface of the cantilever beam, causing the cantilever beam to be in a bending stress state at the predetermined loading position. The test sensor 21 is located between the rotating arm 23 and the contact head 24. The drive unit 30 transmits the loading force through the rotating arm 23, and the contact head 24 applies the loading force to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test. The test sensor 21 simultaneously detects this loading force.

[0078] With the output end of the drive unit 30 facing the fixed surface 11a, the drive unit 30 uses the clamping assembly 10 and the fixing member 11 as force-bearing supports to transmit the output thrust to the rotating arm 23. The rotating arm 23 then transmits this force to the test sensor 21 and the contact head 24, so that the contact head 24 forms a stable load on the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0079] Since the loading direction of the contact head 24 is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, the lateral component force and slippage influence during the loading process are reduced, so that the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested is loaded in the direction of force required for the cantilever beam bending test, thereby improving the loading stability and the accuracy of the test load data.

[0080] Preferably, the arc-shaped contact portion 241 protrudes in a direction away from the test sensor 21.

[0081] Please refer to Figures 1-3 In this embodiment, the arc-shaped contact portion 241 is located at the end of the contact head 24 away from the test sensor 21. The arc-shaped contact portion 241 protrudes in a direction away from the test sensor 21, forming an outwardly convex arc-shaped contact surface on the side of the contact head 24 near the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The arc-shaped contact surface is a circular arc surface, a spherical cap surface, or an arc-shaped convex surface, and its protruding direction corresponds to the direction in which the contact head 24 applies a load to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0082] During loading, the arc-shaped contact portion 241 first contacts the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. Since the arc-shaped contact portion 241 protrudes away from the test sensor 21, the contact head 24 can form a smooth contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested through the arc-shaped contact portion 241, avoiding the rigid edges of the test sensor 21 or the contact head 24 from directly pressing against the surface of the ice body 200.

[0083] As the drive component 30 continues to push against the rotating arm 23, the test sensor 21 drives the contact head 24 to apply a load to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test. During loading, the arc-shaped contact portion 241 transmits the force to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test, and its convex arc surface adapts to the slight unevenness of the cantilever beam surface, reducing local stress concentration. This reduces the impact of local indentations, chipping, or non-experimental cracks on the test results during the initial loading stage, making the loading force data collected by the test sensor 21 more accurate.

[0084] A loading method for in-situ cantilever beam bending tests on ice, applied to the in-situ cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 for ice as described in any one of the above-mentioned methods, the method comprising: Prepare the test area to form a cantilever beam consisting of a fixed ice body 210 and an ice body 200 to be tested; The clamping assembly 10 is clamped onto the fixed ice body 210 so that the loading end of the test sensor 21 is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and the loading end of the test sensor 21 is in contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. During the test, the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test is continuously collected by the test sensor 21, and the collection is stopped when the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test breaks or the loading force suddenly drops, so as to generate test load data. Obtain the dimensional data of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, including the length, width and thickness of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested; The bending strength value of the ice body 200 cantilever beam to be tested is calculated based on the test load data and the size data.

[0085] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, the test personnel select the area to be tested on the ice body 200 on site and cut the area to be tested so that the area forms a cantilever beam between the fixed ice body 210 and the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0086] One side of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test is connected to the fixed ice body 210, while the remaining area is separated from the fixed ice body 210 by a partition groove 200a, thus forming a cantilever structure of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test relative to the fixed ice body 210. The fixed ice body 210 is used to provide an installation position for the loading device, and the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test is used to bear the bending test load.

[0087] Then, clamp the clamping assembly 10 onto the fixed ice body 210. During installation, the fixed ice body 210 is brought into the clamping groove 10a of the clamping assembly 10, and the clamping assembly 10 is adjusted so that the clamping assembly 10 and the fixed ice body 210 are clamped and fixed.

[0088] After the clamping assembly 10 is fixed, the test assembly 20 is positioned along with the clamping assembly 10, so that the loading end of the test sensor 21 faces the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. After adjusting the position of the test assembly 20, the loading end of the test sensor 21 is made perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, and the loading end of the test sensor 21 is made to fit against the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested. The loading force is applied along the normal direction of the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested, reducing the influence of the lateral component force on the bending test results.

[0089] During testing, the drive unit 30 is activated, pushing against the test assembly 20, causing the loading end of the test sensor 21 to apply a load to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test. As the drive unit 30 continuously outputs force, the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test gradually bends and deforms. The test sensor 21 continuously collects the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test during the loading process and generates load data that varies over time.

[0090] When the 200mm cantilever beam of the ice body under test breaks or the loading force suddenly drops, the data acquisition is stopped, and the acquired load data is used as the test load data. The test load data includes the continuous load values ​​during the loading process and the maximum loading force before the breakage.

[0091] Subsequently, the dimensional data of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested were obtained. The dimensional data included the length, width, and thickness of the cantilever beam. Specifically, the length is the distance between the fixed edge of the cantilever beam and the loading position; the width is the dimension of the cantilever beam along the fixed edge; and the thickness is the dimension of the cantilever beam along the loading direction. These dimensional data, together with the test load data, were used to calculate the bending strength value of the ice body 200.

[0092] In one specific embodiment, the maximum loading force in the test load data is taken as F, and the length, width, and thickness of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested are taken as L, w, and h. Then, the bending strength value σ of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested is determined according to the following relationship: σ = 6FL / (wh²) Where F is the maximum loading force before the fracture of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test, L is the length of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test, w is the width of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test, and h is the thickness of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test. Based on the test load data obtained from the field loading and the actual size data of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test, the bending strength value of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 under test is calculated, and / is the division sign.

[0093] The cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested can be directly prepared on the ice body 200 on site. The loading device 100 for the on-site cantilever beam bending test of the ice body uses the fixed ice body 210 as the installation position and clamps it. The test sensor 21 continuously collects the loading force data during the loading process, reducing the influence of ice sample cutting, transportation and secondary clamping on the test results, making the bending strength test of the ice body 200 closer to the on-site stress state and improving the accuracy of the on-site test data.

[0094] Preferably, the steps for preparing the test area to form a cantilever beam of fixed ice body 210 and ice body 200 to be tested include: A test area is selected, and the ice body 200 on the test area is cut to form a rectangular cantilever beam of ice body 200 to be tested. The three adjacent sides of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 to be tested form a partition groove 200a between it and the fixed ice body 210. The other side of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 to be tested is a fixed side, which is connected to the fixed ice body 210. The cantilever beam of ice body 200 to be tested has a test side, which is located on the two opposite sides of the cantilever beam of ice body 200 to be tested. The test side and the fixed ice body 210 are located on the two sides of the partition groove 200a, respectively.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 4 In this embodiment, when preparing the test area, the test area is first selected on the ice body 200 on site. The test area is a region on the surface of the ice body 200 with a complete structure and a thickness that meets the test requirements, so that the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be cut and formed later can represent the actual mechanical state of the ice body 200 at that location.

[0096] In one embodiment, the length of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested is 7 to 10 times the beam thickness, and the width is 1 to 2 times the beam thickness.

[0097] In this process, a 200mm cantilever beam is cut from the natural ice sheet (sea ice / freshwater ice) to be tested, retaining the connection between the root of the specimen and the ice sheet (the fourth edge is not cut), forming a cantilever beam structure with one end fixed and the other end free. In order to avoid stress concentration at the root of the cantilever beam, a round hole is drilled at the root of the specimen using an ice core drill.

[0098] When cutting the ice body 200 in the test area, a rectangular cantilever beam of the ice body 200 is formed by cutting along a predetermined contour. The cantilever beam of the ice body 200 has three adjacent sides and one other side. The three adjacent sides are cut to form a partition groove 200a between the ice body 200 and the fixed ice body 210, while the other side is not cut and serves as a fixed side. The fixed side remains connected to the fixed ice body 210, so that one end of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 is fixed to the fixed ice body 210, and the other end is suspended relative to the fixed ice body 210.

[0099] The cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test also has test sides, which are located on opposite sides of the fixed side of the cantilever beam. The test sides are located on the side of the cantilever beam away from the fixed side and are used as the corresponding side for applying loads by the loading device. Because the test sides are arranged opposite to the fixed sides, when a loading force is applied near the test sides, the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 under test can undergo bending deformation with the fixed side as the constraint end.

[0100] The partition groove 200a is located between the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested and the fixed ice body 210. The test edge and the fixed ice body 210 are located on opposite sides of the partition groove 200a, ensuring that the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested does not form a lateral connection with the adjacent fixed ice body 210 under the isolation effect of the partition groove 200a. During loading, the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested mainly bears the constraint through the fixed edge, reducing the interference of the surrounding ice bodies 200 on the bending deformation of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to be tested.

[0101] The ice body 200 is cut to form a rectangular cantilever beam with a clearly defined fixed edge and a test edge. The partition groove 200a is used to separate the three sides of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200 to form a stress structure close to that of a cantilever beam, so that the subsequent loading device can apply the load near the test edge and calculate the bending strength value of the ice body 200 based on the fracture load and size data of the cantilever beam of the ice body 200.

[0102] After one set of ice bodies 200 mm cantilever beams has been tested, another set of ice bodies 200 mm cantilever beams is tested to generate multiple sets of test results. After being re-clamped and fixed by the on-site cantilever beam bending test loading device 100 suitable for ice bodies, the next set of tests is carried out, realizing continuous and efficient testing of multiple sets of specimens.

[0103] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A loading device for in situ cantilever beam bending tests of ice bodies, the ice bodies comprising: A cantilever beam is used to fix the ice body and the ice body to be tested, with a partition groove between the fixed ice body and the cantilever beam. The characteristic feature is that the on-site cantilever beam bending test loading device suitable for ice bodies includes: A clamping assembly having a clamping groove for receiving a fixed ice body, a portion of the clamping assembly passing through the partition groove and engaging with the fixed ice body for clamping; The test component is mounted on the clamping component at one end and has a test sensor at the other end. The test sensor is used to detect the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. The driving component is mounted on the clamping assembly at one end and abuts against the test assembly at the other end. The driving component is used to push against the test assembly, so that a loading force is formed between the test sensor and the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested.

2. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 1, wherein, The clamping assembly includes: The fastener has a fixing surface that fits against one side surface of the fixed ice body; A clamping member is disposed opposite to the fixing member. A portion of the clamping member passes through the partition groove and extends to the side of the fixed ice body away from the fixing member. The clamping member and the fixing member together form the clamping groove.

3. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 2, wherein, The clamping assembly further includes: The locking member has one end passing through the clamping member and the other end abutting against the fixing member; the clamping member and the locking member are threadedly connected. The locking member is rotated to adjust the position between the clamping member and the fixing member, so that the clamping member clamps or releases the fixed ice body from the fixing member.

4. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 3, wherein, The clamping element includes: A clamping plate is arranged parallel to the fixing member, and the clamping plate and the fixing member are respectively located on opposite sides of the fixed ice body; An extension plate, one end of which is fixedly connected to the clamping plate, and the other end of which extends along the length of the locking member, the extension plate passing through the partition groove; A movable plate is fixedly connected to the end of the extension plate away from the clamping plate, and the locking member passes through the movable plate; When adjusting the locking member, the locking member pushes the movable plate to move along the locking member, and the movable plate, through the extension plate, drives the clamping plate to move closer to or away from the fixing member, thereby changing the size of the clamping groove.

5. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 3, wherein, The test components include: The mounting plate is mounted on the fixing member at one end and extends along the length of the locking member at the other end. The rotating arm has one end rotatably connected to the mounting plate and the other end has a mounting end, on which the test sensor is mounted.

6. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 5, wherein, The testing components also include: The contact head is mounted on the test sensor at one end and has a flexible arc-shaped contact portion at the other end.

7. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 6, wherein, The output end of the drive component is positioned toward the fixed surface, and the drive component is used to push the rotating arm to rotate relative to the mounting plate so that the contact head abuts against the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. Specifically, when the contact head abuts against the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, the loading direction of the contact head is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested.

8. The loading device for in-situ cantilever beam flexural testing of ice bodies of claim 6, wherein, The arc-shaped contact portion protrudes in a direction away from the test sensor.

9. A method for loading a field cantilever beam bending test for ice bodies, applied to the loading device for field cantilever beam bending test for ice bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method includes: Prepare the test area to form a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam for the ice body to be tested; The clamping assembly is clamped onto the fixed ice body so that the loading end of the test sensor is perpendicular to the surface of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, and the loading end of the test sensor is in contact with the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested. During testing, the loading force applied to the cantilever beam of the ice body under test is continuously collected by the test sensor, and the collection is stopped when the cantilever beam of the ice body under test breaks or the loading force suddenly drops, so as to generate test load data. Obtain the dimensional data of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested, including the length, width and thickness of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested; The ice bending strength value of the cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested is calculated based on the test load data and the size data.

10. The method for loading a field suspended cantilever beam bend test on an ice body as claimed in claim 9, wherein, The specific steps for preparing the test area to form a fixed ice body and a cantilever beam of the ice body to be tested include: A test area is selected, and the ice in the test area is cut to form a rectangular ice cantilever beam. The three adjacent sides of the ice cantilever beam and the fixed ice form a partition groove. The other side of the ice cantilever beam is a fixed side, which is connected to the fixed ice. The ice cantilever beam has a test side, which is located on the opposite sides of the ice cantilever beam and on both sides of the partition groove.

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