Coal rock damage vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading method and system

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and system for fine loading of longitudinal and transverse waves during coal and rock damage. The method includes: acquiring seismic wave signals generated by coal and rock damage in a mine under test; decomposing the seismic wave signals into longitudinal and transverse wave signals and determining the loading sequence; converting the longitudinal wave signals into a first control command for the longitudinal wave excitation unit and the transverse wave signals into a second control command for the transverse wave excitation unit; according to the loading sequence, controlling the longitudinal wave excitation unit to apply longitudinal mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample through the first control command and controlling the transverse wave excitation unit to apply transverse mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample through the second control command; monitoring the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock sample to obtain information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves. By reconstructing the true action sequence of longitudinal waves arriving first and transverse waves arriving later, the damage evolution process of coal and rock under the action of seismic waves can be revealed more accurately, providing a more reliable experimental basis for the prediction and prevention of rockbursts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rockburst prevention technology, and in particular to a method and system for fine loading of longitudinal and transverse waves during coal and rock damage vibration. Background Technology

[0002] Rockbursts are a dynamic phenomenon characterized by sudden and violent destruction of coal and rock masses surrounding mine tunnels or working faces due to the instantaneous release of elastic deformation energy. They often cause severe casualties and significant economic losses. With the gradual depletion of shallow coal resources, deep mining is an inevitable choice for ensuring national energy security now and in the future. Deep mining involves high stress levels, and the thick, strong roof can accumulate a large amount of elastic energy, making it prone to triggering strong rockbursts. In particular, the seismic waves generated by the destruction of the coal and rock mass, as one of the main sources of dynamic load disturbance, play a crucial role in inducing rockbursts.

[0003] Currently, the Hopkinson bar test system is a commonly used laboratory device for studying the effects of dynamic loads on coal and rock damage. This system can apply impact loads to the specimen by driving a bar with high-pressure gas, simulating the effect of stress waves in a single direction.

[0004] However, this method can only apply compression or tension waves along the axis of the pressure bar, and cannot distinguish between different types of wave components, let alone simulate the timing characteristics of longitudinal waves arriving first and transverse waves arriving later in the actual seismic wave propagation process. Due to the lack of experimental means to separate mixed seismic waves into different types of waves and apply them separately, existing methods are unable to truly reflect the actual seismic wave action process on coal and rock masses, thus limiting a deeper understanding of the mechanism of rockburst induction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem that existing technologies cannot effectively simulate the impact of dynamic loads on coal and rock damage, this invention provides a method and system for fine-grained loading of longitudinal and transverse waves during coal and rock damage vibrations. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, a method for fine loading of longitudinal and transverse waves of vibration in coal and rock damage is provided. This method includes: acquiring vibration wave signals generated by coal and rock damage in a mine to be tested; decomposing the vibration wave signals into longitudinal and transverse wave signals, and determining the loading sequence based on the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal and transverse wave signals on the original time axis; converting the longitudinal wave signal into a first control command for a longitudinal wave excitation unit and the transverse wave signal into a second control command for a transverse wave excitation unit according to the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal and transverse waves; controlling the longitudinal wave excitation unit to apply longitudinal mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample according to the loading sequence, and controlling the transverse wave excitation unit to apply transverse mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample according to the second control command; monitoring the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock sample to obtain information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves.

[0007] On the other hand, a fine loading system for longitudinal and transverse waves of vibration in coal and rock damage is provided. This system includes: a signal acquisition module for acquiring vibration wave signals generated by coal and rock damage in a mine under test; a signal decomposition and timing determination module for decomposing the vibration wave signals into longitudinal and transverse wave signals, and determining the loading timing based on the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal and transverse wave signals on the original time axis; a control command generation module for converting the longitudinal wave signal into a first control command and the transverse wave signal into a second control command based on the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal and transverse waves; a longitudinal wave excitation unit, controlled by the first control command, for applying longitudinal mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; a transverse wave excitation unit, controlled by the second control command, for applying transverse mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; a loading module for controlling the operation of the longitudinal wave excitation unit and the transverse wave excitation unit according to the loading timing and the control commands output by the control command generation module; and a monitoring module for monitoring the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock sample during the loading process, obtaining information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: by decomposing the seismic wave signal collected on site into longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal, and determining the loading sequence based on the decomposition result, and then generating corresponding mechanical vibrations according to the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave respectively and applying them to the coal and rock sample, the independent loading and timing control of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave in the real seismic wave is realized; compared with the prior art of loading the seismic wave as a whole, this method can distinguish the different contributions of the longitudinal wave and transverse wave to the damage of coal and rock, restore the real action sequence of the longitudinal wave arriving first and the transverse wave arriving later, and thus more accurately reveal the damage evolution process of coal and rock under the action of seismic wave, providing a more reliable experimental basis for the prediction and prevention of rockburst. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for fine loading of longitudinal and transverse waves in the vibration of coal and rock damage, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a waveform diagram of a vibration wave signal generated by coal and rock failure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of a longitudinal wave signal obtained by decomposition according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of a decomposed transverse wave signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 This is a waveform diagram of a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave loaded in a time sequence, provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 6 This is a displacement change waveform diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 7 This is a stress change waveform diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coal and rock damage vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a longitudinal wave excitation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transverse wave excitation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a loading module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 801, Signal acquisition module; 802, Signal decomposition and timing determination module; 803, Control command generation module; 804, Longitudinal wave excitation unit; 805, Transverse wave excitation unit; 806, Loading module; 807, Monitoring module; 808, Synchronous triggering module; 809, Visualization module; 810, Data storage module; 901, First outer shell; 902, First piezoelectric crystal; 903, First damping backing block; 1001, Second outer shell; 1002, Second piezoelectric crystal; 1003, Second damping backing block; 1004, Wedge block; 1101, Digital signal generator; 1102, Power amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0024] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0026] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for fine loading of longitudinal and transverse waves of vibration for coal and rock damage, which includes steps S101 to S105.

[0028] Step S101: Acquire the seismic wave signals generated by coal and rock fracturing in the mine to be tested. The seismic wave signals can be seismic wave signals of different energy levels and different failure modes generated during the coal and rock fracturing process in the mine. Figure 2This is a typical waveform diagram of a seismic wave signal. A seismic wave signal refers to the elastic wave signal generated by the fracturing of coal and rock in a mine during mining disturbance or stress release. It is typically acquired by a microseismic monitoring system using sensors deployed around the roadway or working face. This signal can be raw data acquired in real-time by field sensors, or historical waveform records imported from a database or remote server. Obtaining the actual seismic wave signal from the field is the first step in this invention. Its significance lies in providing a real waveform source for subsequent loading experiments, ensuring the consistency between the laboratory loading waveform and the actual field waveform, thereby improving the engineering reference value of the experimental results.

[0029] Step S102: Decompose the vibration wave signal into longitudinal wave and transverse wave signals, and determine the loading timing based on the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal wave and transverse wave signals on the original time axis. Figure 2 Taking the vibration wave signal shown as an example, the longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal obtained by its decomposition are as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, by decomposing the mixed seismic wave signal into longitudinal and transverse waves, independent waveform curves of the two wave types can be obtained separately. Based on this, the loading sequence in which the longitudinal wave arrives at the sample before the transverse wave can be determined according to the arrival time difference between the decomposed longitudinal and transverse waves on the original time axis. The core value of this step lies in restoring the true temporal characteristics of the in-situ seismic wave propagation, providing a temporal basis for subsequent staged loading, and avoiding the problem of masking the temporal effect by loading the mixed waves together in traditional methods.

[0030] Optionally, the seismic wave signal is decomposed into longitudinal (P) and transverse (S) wave signals. Specifically, frequency domain rearrangement and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are used to separate the P and S signals from the seismic wave signal. Frequency domain rearrangement is a post-processing method to improve time-frequency resolution by redistributing the time-frequency energy distribution, making the time-frequency characteristics of the signal more concentrated and clear. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an adaptive signal decomposition method that can decompose nonlinear and non-stationary signals into several intrinsic mode function (EMF) components. In this invention, the seismic wave signal is first decomposed into multiple EMF components using EMF, then the time-frequency characteristics of each component are enhanced by frequency domain rearrangement, and finally, based on the differences in frequency band distribution and propagation speed between the P and S waves, the corresponding P and S wave components are selected and reconstructed, thereby achieving accurate separation of the two wave types.

[0031] Please see Figure 5Optionally, the loading sequence includes: a stage of P-wave acting alone, a stage of P-wave and S-wave coupling, and a stage of S-wave acting alone. Since the propagation speed of P-waves in coal and rock media is generally higher than that of S-waves, in actual mines, the seismic waves generated by coal and rock fracturing always arrive at the monitoring point or sample surface first, followed by the S-wave. Based on this physical fact, this invention divides the loading sequence into three stages: a stage of P-wave acting alone, a stage of P-wave and S-wave coupling, and a stage of S-wave acting alone. The duration of the stage of P-wave acting alone is determined by the arrival time difference between the P-wave and S-wave obtained from the decomposition. This staged loading method can more realistically simulate the effect of in-situ seismic waves on the coal and rock mass, and helps to reveal the pre-damage effect of the P-wave leading edge on the coal and rock structure and the subsequent destructive aggravation effect of the S-wave.

[0032] Step S103: Based on the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal and transverse waves, the longitudinal wave signal is converted into a first control command for the longitudinal wave excitation unit, and the transverse wave signal is converted into a second control command for the transverse wave excitation unit. According to the inherent vibration modes where the longitudinal wave particle vibration direction is consistent with the propagation direction and the transverse wave particle vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction, the decomposed longitudinal and transverse wave signals are converted into control commands suitable for the longitudinal and transverse wave excitation units, respectively. This conversion process includes waveform amplitude scaling, time axis alignment, and signal format adaptation to ensure that the subsequent excitation unit can generate the corresponding mechanical vibration according to the actual waveform of the signal, thereby achieving accurate waveform reproduction.

[0033] Step S104: According to the loading sequence, the longitudinal wave excitation unit is controlled by the first control command to apply longitudinal wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample, and the transverse wave excitation unit is controlled by the second control command to apply transverse wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample. According to the loading sequence determined in step S102, the longitudinal wave excitation unit is first driven by the first control command to apply longitudinal wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample. After the longitudinal wave-only action phase ends, the transverse wave excitation unit is driven by the second control command to apply transverse wave mechanical vibration, and both vibrations are applied simultaneously during the coupling phase. This time-sequential segmented loading method can realistically reproduce the action process of the seismic waves in the field, overcoming the defect of simultaneous loading of all wave components in traditional methods.

[0034] Optionally, longitudinal wave mechanical vibration satisfies the following condition: the direction of particle vibration is consistent with the direction of wave propagation; transverse wave mechanical vibration satisfies the following condition: the direction of particle vibration is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. The particle vibration direction of longitudinal wave mechanical vibration, consistent with the direction of wave propagation, manifests as compression and tension of the sample in the propagation direction; the particle vibration direction of transverse wave mechanical vibration, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, manifests as shear deformation of the sample perpendicular to the propagation direction. This invention, by designing separate longitudinal wave excitation units and transverse wave excitation units, ensures that both generate vibration strictly according to their respective inherent vibration modes, thereby guaranteeing the correctness of the loading wave pattern in terms of physical mechanism and providing accurate input conditions for subsequent damage evolution analysis.

[0035] Step S105: Monitor the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock samples to obtain information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The diagrams illustrate displacement and stress change waveforms, respectively, from which displacement and / or stress change characteristics can be derived. During loading, sensors such as strain gauges, displacement meters, or accelerometers deployed on the surface of the coal and rock sample collect real-time data on displacement and stress changes. By plotting time on the x-axis and displacement or stress on the y-axis, displacement-time and stress-time curves can be generated. By analyzing the slope changes, peak times, and residual deformation of these curves at different loading stages (longitudinal wave-only action stage, coupled action stage, and transverse wave-only action stage), the individual contributions of longitudinal and transverse waves to coal and rock damage, as well as the damage aggravation effect under their coupled action, can be quantitatively evaluated, thus obtaining information on the damage evolution process of coal and rock under seismic wave action.

[0036] The overall logic of this invention is as follows: Real seismic waves are collected from the field → decomposed into longitudinal and transverse waves → timing sequence is determined → converted into control commands → two excitation units are driven to load the sample according to the timing sequence → the sample response is monitored → damage evolution information is obtained. The resulting damage evolution information can be used to correct the early warning threshold for rockbursts. For example, when the transverse wave energy monitored in the field suddenly increases, combined with the transverse wave damage patterns obtained in the laboratory, the impact risk level can be determined more accurately, thereby guiding the mine to take targeted pressure relief or support measures.

[0037] Please see Figure 8This invention provides a fine loading system for longitudinal and transverse waves of coal and rock damage vibration. The system includes a signal acquisition module 801, a signal decomposition and timing determination module 802, a control command generation module 803, a longitudinal wave excitation unit 804, a transverse wave excitation unit 805, a loading module 806, and a monitoring module 807. The system includes the following modules: a signal acquisition module 801, which acquires the vibration wave signal generated by coal and rock damage in the mine to be tested; a signal decomposition and timing determination module 802, which decomposes the vibration wave signal into longitudinal wave and transverse wave signals, and determines the loading timing based on the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal wave and transverse wave signals on the original time axis; a control command generation module 803, which converts the longitudinal wave signal into a first control command and the transverse wave signal into a second control command based on the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal and transverse waves; a longitudinal wave excitation unit 804, controlled by the first control command, applies longitudinal wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; a transverse wave excitation unit 805, controlled by the second control command, applies transverse wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; a loading module 806, which controls the operation of the longitudinal wave excitation unit and the transverse wave excitation unit according to the loading timing and the control command output by the control command generation module; and a monitoring module 807, which monitors the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock sample during the loading process to obtain information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves.

[0038] The aforementioned system achieves full automation from signal acquisition to damage analysis through modular design. The signal acquisition module 801 ensures the authenticity of the experimental waveforms; the signal decomposition and timing determination module 802 achieves waveform separation and timing reconstruction; the control command generation module 803 completes the waveform-to-command conversion; the longitudinal wave excitation unit 804 and the transverse wave excitation unit 805 generate corresponding mechanical vibrations according to their inherent vibration modes; the loading module 806 is responsible for timing control and signal amplification; and the monitoring module 807 collects sample response data in real time. These modules work collaboratively to form a complete fine-load experimental platform for seismic waves, capable of realistically replicating the action process of seismic waves in the field, providing a reliable experimental method for studying the mechanism of rockburst.

[0039] Please see Figure 9Optionally, the longitudinal wave excitation unit 804 includes a first housing 901, a first piezoelectric crystal 902, and a first damping backing block 903. The first piezoelectric crystal 902 and the first damping backing block 903 are disposed within the first housing 901, with the first damping backing block 903 located on the back side of the first piezoelectric crystal 902. The first piezoelectric crystal 902 is used to generate longitudinal wave mechanical vibrations with the particle vibration direction aligned with the propagation direction under electrical signal excitation. The longitudinal wave excitation unit 804 uses the first piezoelectric crystal 902 as a transducer element. When an alternating electrical signal is applied, the first piezoelectric crystal 902 generates extensional vibrations along its polarization direction. Since both the first piezoelectric crystal 902 and the first damping backing block 903 are arranged parallel to the longitudinal wave propagation direction, the extensional vibration of the crystal is directly converted into compression and tension waves along the propagation direction, i.e., longitudinal wave mechanical vibrations. The first damping backing block 903 is attached to the back side of the crystal to absorb the rearward radiated acoustic energy, improving the waveform's temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0040] Please see Figure 10 Optionally, the transverse wave excitation unit 805 includes a second housing 1001, a second piezoelectric wafer 1002, a second damping backing block 1003, and a wedge block 1004. The second piezoelectric wafer 1002, the second damping backing block 1003, and the wedge block 1004 are disposed within the second housing 1001. The second piezoelectric wafer 1002 is disposed parallel to the surface of the wedge block 1004, and the second damping backing block 1003 is disposed on the back side of the wedge block 1004. The second piezoelectric wafer 1002 is used to generate vibration under electrical signal excitation and is converted into transverse wave mechanical vibration with the particle vibration direction perpendicular to the propagation direction by the wedge block 1004. The core conversion component of the transverse wave excitation unit 805 is the wedge block 1004, with the second piezoelectric wafer 1002 attached parallel to one surface of the wedge block 1004. When the second piezoelectric wafer 1002 generates stretching vibration along the wafer normal direction under electrical signal excitation, this vibration is incident into the sample through the wedge block 1004. Due to the presence of the wedge block 1004, the longitudinal wave undergoes wave mode conversion at the interface between the wedge block 1004 and the sample, generating transverse wave mechanical vibration with the particle vibration direction perpendicular to the propagation direction. The second damping backing block 1003 is disposed on the back side of the second piezoelectric wafer 1002 to absorb the back-radiated acoustic wave energy and reduce waveform distortion.

[0041] Please see Figure 11Optionally, the loading module 806 includes a digital signal generator 1101 and a power amplifier 1102. The digital signal generator 1101 receives the first and second control commands output by the control command generation module 803, and converts them into a first digital excitation signal and a second digital excitation signal output in time sequence according to the loading timing. The power amplifier 1102 is connected to the digital signal generator 1101 and amplifies the first and second digital excitation signals into a first analog electrical signal and a second analog electrical signal, respectively. The first analog electrical signal drives the longitudinal wave excitation unit 804, and the second analog electrical signal drives the transverse wave excitation unit 805. The core function of the loading module 806 is to convert the control commands into analog electrical signals with sufficient driving capability. The digital signal generator 1101 first receives the two digital control commands output by the control command generation module, and converts the two commands into digital excitation signals output in time sequence according to a predetermined loading timing. The power amplifier 1102 then amplifies these digital excitation signals into high-voltage, high-current analog electrical signals, which drive the longitudinal wave excitation unit 804 and the transverse wave excitation unit 805 to generate corresponding mechanical vibrations. This design, which separates digital signal generation from power amplification, ensures the accuracy of the waveform and the stability of the output power.

[0042] Please see Figure 8 Optionally, the coal and rock failure vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system also includes a synchronous trigger module 808. The synchronous trigger module 808 is connected to both the loading module 806 and the monitoring module 807. It sends a synchronous trigger signal to the monitoring module 807 simultaneously with the excitation signal output by the loading module 806, ensuring that the monitoring module 807 and the loading module 806 begin data acquisition synchronously. The function of the synchronous trigger module 808 is to achieve time synchronization between the loading action and data acquisition. When the loading module 806 begins outputting the excitation signal, the synchronous trigger module 808 simultaneously sends a trigger pulse to the monitoring module 807. Upon receiving the pulse, the monitoring module 807 immediately begins data acquisition. This design ensures that the acquired displacement and stress data are strictly aligned with the loading waveform on the time axis, facilitating subsequent analysis of the correspondence between different loading stages and the sample response.

[0043] Optionally, the coal and rock damage vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system also includes a visualization module 809 and a data storage module 810.

[0044] The visualization module 809 is connected to the signal decomposition and timing determination module 802 and the monitoring module 807, and is used to display at least one of the following information: waveform diagrams of the vibration wave signal, longitudinal wave signal, and transverse wave signal; a time axis diagram of the loading timing; and displacement and / or stress change curves acquired by the monitoring module 807. The visualization module 809 provides users with an intuitive data display interface. It can display the original vibration wave waveform, the decomposed longitudinal and transverse wave waveforms, a time axis diagram of the loading timing, and displacement and stress change curves acquired by the monitoring module in real time. Through the visualization module 809, experimenters can intuitively observe the waveform separation effect, verify the accuracy of the timing settings, and monitor the response changes of the sample during the loading process in real time, facilitating timely adjustment of experimental parameters.

[0045] The data storage module 810 is connected to the signal acquisition module 801, the signal decomposition and timing determination module 802, and the monitoring module 807, and is used to store at least one of the following data: seismic wave signals, P-wave signals, S-wave signals, loading timing parameters, and displacement and / or stress data collected by the monitoring module 807. The data storage module 810 is responsible for persistently saving various types of data generated during the experiment. Specifically, this includes: the original seismic wave signals collected by the signal acquisition module, the P-wave and S-wave signals decomposed by the signal decomposition and timing determination module, the determined loading timing parameters, and the displacement and stress data collected by the monitoring module. This data is stored in a structured format, facilitating subsequent offline analysis, data mining, and comparative studies between different experiments, providing a data foundation for establishing a coal and rock damage evolution database.

[0046] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0047] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0048] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0049] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0052] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0053] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0054] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0055] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0056] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading method, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire the seismic wave signal generated by coal and rock fracturing in the mine to be tested; The vibration wave signal is decomposed into longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal, and the loading timing is determined according to the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal on the original time axis. Based on the inherent vibration modes of longitudinal and transverse waves, the longitudinal wave signal is converted into a first control command for the longitudinal wave excitation unit, and the transverse wave signal is converted into a second control command for the transverse wave excitation unit. According to the loading sequence, the longitudinal wave excitation unit is controlled by the first control command to apply longitudinal wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample, and the transverse wave excitation unit is controlled by the second control command to apply transverse wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample. By monitoring the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock samples, information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves can be obtained.

2. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration wave signal is decomposed into longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal, specifically as follows: The longitudinal wave signal and the transverse wave signal are separated from the vibration wave signal using frequency domain rearrangement and empirical mode decomposition.

3. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading sequence includes: a stage of longitudinal wave acting alone, a stage of longitudinal wave and transverse wave coupling, and a stage of transverse wave acting alone.

4. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal wave mechanical vibration satisfies the following condition: the direction of particle vibration is consistent with the direction of wave propagation; the transverse wave mechanical vibration satisfies the following condition: the direction of particle vibration is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

5. A coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system, characterized in that, The system includes: The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration wave signal generated by the coal and rock destruction in the mine to be detected; The signal decomposition and timing determination module is used to decompose the vibration wave signal into longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal, and determine the loading timing based on the relative positions of the decomposed longitudinal wave signal and transverse wave signal on the original time axis. The control command generation module is used to convert the longitudinal wave signal into a first control command and the transverse wave signal into a second control command based on the inherent vibration modes of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave. The longitudinal wave excitation unit, controlled by the first control command, is used to apply longitudinal wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; The transverse wave excitation unit, controlled by the second control command, is used to apply transverse wave mechanical vibration to the coal and rock sample; The loading module is used to control the operation of the longitudinal wave excitation unit and the transverse wave excitation unit according to the loading timing and the control command output by the control command generation module; and The monitoring module is used to monitor the displacement and / or stress change characteristics of the coal and rock sample during the loading process, and obtain information on the coal and rock damage evolution process under the action of longitudinal and transverse waves.

6. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The longitudinal wave excitation unit includes: First outer shell; A first piezoelectric wafer and a first damping backing block are disposed within the first housing, wherein the first damping backing block is disposed on the back side of the first piezoelectric wafer; The first piezoelectric crystal is used to generate longitudinal wave mechanical vibrations under electrical signal excitation, with the particle vibration direction consistent with the propagation direction.

7. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transverse wave excitation unit includes: Second outer shell; The second piezoelectric wafer, the second damping backing block, and the wedge block are disposed within the second housing. The second piezoelectric wafer is disposed parallel to the surface of the wedge block, and the second damping backing block is disposed on the back side of the wedge block. The second piezoelectric crystal is used to generate vibration under electrical signal excitation, and is converted into transverse wave mechanical vibration by the wedge block, in which the particle vibration direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction.

8. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The loading module includes: A digital signal generator is used to receive the first control instruction and the second control instruction output by the control instruction generation module, and convert the first control instruction and the second control instruction into a first digital excitation signal and a second digital excitation signal output in time sequence according to the loading timing. A power amplifier, connected to the digital signal generator, is used to amplify the first digital excitation signal and the second digital excitation signal into a first analog electrical signal and a second analog electrical signal, respectively. The first analog electrical signal is used to drive the longitudinal wave excitation unit, and the second analog electrical signal is used to drive the transverse wave excitation unit.

9. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes: A synchronization trigger module is connected to both the loading module and the monitoring module. It is used to send a synchronization trigger signal to the monitoring module at the same time as the loading module outputs an excitation signal, so that the monitoring module and the loading module start data acquisition synchronously.

10. The coal rock destruction vibration longitudinal and transverse wave fine loading system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The system also includes: A visualization module, connected to the signal decomposition and timing determination module and the monitoring module, is used to display at least one of the following information: waveform diagram of the vibration wave signal, waveform diagram of the longitudinal wave signal, waveform diagram of the transverse wave signal, time axis diagram of the loading timing, and displacement and / or stress change curves collected by the monitoring module. A data storage module, connected to the signal acquisition module, the signal decomposition and timing determination module, and the monitoring module, is used to store at least one of the following data: the vibration wave signal, the longitudinal wave signal, the transverse wave signal, the parameters of the loading timing, and the displacement and / or stress data collected by the monitoring module.

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