A simulation experiment device for particle erosion of turbomachinery with continuously adjustable blade angle

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of turbine blade devices and discloses a simulation experimental device for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angles. The device includes an injection unit, a measurement unit, and a rotor unit. The injection unit is connected to the rotor unit and is used to inject particles onto the blades of the rotor unit. The measurement unit is located between the injection unit and the rotor unit and is used to measure the velocity and direction of the mechanical particles ejected from the injection unit. The rotor unit contains a rotor, which includes a main shaft and a connecting disk. The connecting disk is mounted on the main shaft and rotates with the main shaft. A wheel is mounted on the connecting disk, and blades are evenly arranged along the circumference of the wheel. The wheel is connected to the blades via rotatable blade roots, which rotate to drive the blades. This invention solves the problem that a fixed blade configuration makes it difficult to accurately investigate the influence of relative impact angles on blade erosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of turbine blade devices, and more specifically, relates to a simulation experimental device for turbine mechanical particulate erosion phenomenon with continuously adjustable blade angle. Background Technology

[0002] Turbine blades operate in extremely harsh environments. Excessive humidity within the turbine can cause water erosion when droplets or continuous water flow impact the blade material at high speeds. Solid particles entering the turbine with the airflow can also cause erosion, damaging the blade surface. These erosions create defects of varying degrees on the blade surface. Under the high-speed centrifugal force or thermal stress of the turbine, damaged blades may develop cracks or even break, severely impacting the safe operation of the turbine. Therefore, studying the erosion behavior of turbine blade materials under high-speed impacts of droplets and solid particles is of great significance.

[0003] Existing erosion experimental platforms can simulate the erosion of blade materials under different blade linear velocities and different droplet / particle diameters. However, the blades are all fixedly installed on the impeller, making it difficult to accurately, conveniently, and economically investigate the effect of relative impact angle on blade erosion.

[0004] In erosion experiments and data analysis, the flexibility of adjusting the impact specimen angle and the quantitative data on particle motion and size are crucial. While some patents exist for water erosion experimental devices, they all fall short in these two aspects. For example, patent 201110071624.9 simulates the erosion of turbine blades by water droplets through the collision between a high-speed jet and a rotating specimen. However, its specimen is installed at a fixed angle, requiring the replacement with specimens processed to different impact angles to simulate the effects of different impact angles. The circumferential installation method is inconvenient and differs significantly from this patent.

[0005] The impact specimen in patent 201210089395.8 is fixed to the turntable by threads, which is relatively complicated to install, similar to patent 201110071624.9, and the angle cannot be adjusted flexibly. Patent 201010117906.3 does not provide a detailed description of the shape and connection method of its specimen.

[0006] Meanwhile, none of the above patents contain an online measurement device for the motion state and size of particles, and lack precise quantitative control over erosion phenomena. The flexible adjustment of the sample installation angle and the particle motion state measurement system in this invention can meet the high requirements for flexibility and quantitative analysis of particle erosion. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a simulation experimental device for turbine particulate erosion phenomena with continuously adjustable blade angles, solving the problem that fixed blade settings make it difficult to accurately investigate the impact of relative impact angles on blade erosion.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a simulation experimental apparatus for particulate erosion phenomena in turbomachinery with continuously adjustable blade angles is provided. The apparatus includes an injection unit, a measurement unit, and a rotor unit, wherein: The spraying unit is connected to the rotor unit and is used to spray the particles to be sprayed onto the blades of the rotor unit; the measuring unit is disposed between the spraying unit and the rotor unit and is used to measure the speed and direction of the mechanical particles sprayed from the spraying unit. The rotor unit is provided with a rotor, which includes a main shaft and a connecting disk. The connecting disk is disposed on the main shaft and rotates with the rotation of the main shaft. A wheel is disposed on the connecting disk, and blades are evenly arranged on the wheel along the circumferential direction. The wheel is connected to the blades through a rotatable blade root, and the rotatable blade root drives the blades to rotate when it rotates.

[0009] More preferably, the spraying unit includes a pre-pump, a booster pump, and a nozzle, with a flow meter disposed between the pre-pump and the booster pump, and a pressure gauge disposed between the booster pump and the nozzle.

[0010] More preferably, the rotor unit further includes a casing, a rotor, and blades, with the rotor disposed within the casing.

[0011] More preferably, the rotor further includes a coupling connected to the drive unit for driving the main shaft to rotate.

[0012] More preferably, the rotor unit is also connected to a vacuum unit, which is used to maintain a vacuum state within the rotor unit. The controller is used to control the motion state of the rotor in the rotor unit.

[0013] More preferably, the rotatable blade root is disposed in a groove evenly distributed along the circumference of the wheel, the groove being wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, and in the shape of a swallowtail.

[0014] More preferably, pressure plates are provided on both sides of the wheel to limit the position of the wheel when it rotates.

[0015] More preferably, the measuring unit includes a light source assembly and a light sensor. The light source assembly emits light, and when particulate matter is sprayed into the casing through the light source, the light sensor measures the velocity and pressure of the particulate matter.

[0016] More preferably, a conical sleeve is provided outside the measuring unit, with the end of the conical sleeve with a larger bottom area connected to the injection unit and the end with a smaller bottom area connected to the rotor unit, and the light source and light sensor are disposed on the conical sleeve.

[0017] More preferably, the controller is also connected to the injection unit and the vacuum unit for controlling the injection unit and the vacuum unit.

[0018] In summary, the technical solutions conceived by this invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. The experimental apparatus provided by this invention has blades mounted on rotatable blade roots with continuously adjustable angles. By adjusting the blades at different angles, the influence of the relative impact angle between droplets and solid particles and the blades on the erosion of the blade material can be quantitatively analyzed. This solves the problem of difficulty in accurately investigating the influence of the relative impact angle on blade erosion caused by fixed blade mounting.

[0019] 2. This invention adjusts the rotor speed and the motion state of the particles to simulate different relative impact velocities, thereby quantitatively analyzing the influence of relative impact velocity on blade material erosion; it can also control the particle size and morphology, thereby quantitatively analyzing the influence of particle size and morphology on blade material erosion; it provides basic data for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of high-speed liquid-solid impact and solid-solid impact, as well as turbine blade erosion protection.

[0020] 3. The casing of the present invention adopts a vacuum setting. By controlling the vacuum degree, it can cooperate with the above-mentioned adjustable system to simulate different environmental conditions, such as the regularity of particulate matter erosion on the blades under different densities of air, water vapor or organic working fluid.

[0021] 4. In this invention, the rotatable blade root is set in the dovetail-shaped grooves evenly arranged along the circumference of the wheel. It achieves geometric positioning and load-bearing cooperation with the rotatable blade root through the dovetail inclined surface, which makes installation and adjustment convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rotating simulation experimental device for particulate erosion of turbine machinery with continuously adjustable blade angle, constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a rotating simulation experimental device for particulate erosion phenomena in turbomachinery with continuously adjustable blade angles, constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wheel constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blade and rotatable leaf root constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a casing constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a structural schematic diagram of one side of the casing, and (b) is a structural schematic diagram of the other side of the casing.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measurement unit constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control signal flow of a rotating experimental setup for simulating particulate erosion in turbomachinery with continuously adjustable blade angles.

[0030] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-Pre-pump, 2-Water tank, 3-Pressure gauge, 4-Nozzle, 5-Conical sleeve, 6-Main shaft, 7-Pipe, 8-Transparent observation window, 9-Upper open housing, 10-Air extraction port, 11-Coupling, 12-Main motor, 13-Main motor support, 14-Vacuum pump, 15-Electric vacuum valve, 16-Vacuum gauge, 17-Particulate matter discharge pipe, 18-First pressure plate, 19-Disc, 20-Blade, 21-Rotating blade root, 22-Second pressure plate, 23-Lower open housing, 24-Connecting plate, 25-Photoelectric sensor, 26-Light source assembly, 27-Booster pump, 28-Inlet water (air) flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] like Figure 1 and 2As shown, this invention provides a rotating simulation experimental device for turbine blade erosion phenomena with continuously adjustable blade angles, specifically relating to an experimental device for turbine blade erosion. The experimental device includes a particle injection unit, a particle motion state measurement unit, a drive unit, a rotor unit, a casing unit, a vacuum unit, and a control unit. The particle injection unit generates high-speed jets of liquid or solid particles; the measurement unit measures the size and motion state of the particles using photoelectric sensors; the drive unit is connected to the rotor unit, providing rotational driving force; the rotor unit uses a special connection structure to connect the sample to the rotor unit's wheel, providing rotational speed and clamping for the sample, allowing for the replacement of square blade samples of different materials, and continuously adjusting the impact angle of the sample to meet the requirements of impact experiments; the rotor unit consists of a rotating shaft and a wheel; the casing unit is installed outside the rotor unit, providing the experimental environment, and is equipped with a particle discharge channel and a vacuum channel; the vacuum unit consists of pipes, a vacuum pump, and accessories, connected to the casing unit, providing a vacuum environment for the blades; the control unit consists of a controller, cables, signal lines, a display, etc., used to control the rotor's rotational speed, start / stop, and changes in the vacuum level within the casing.

[0033] The particulate matter injection unit includes a pre-pump 1, a water tank 2, an inlet water (air) flow meter 28, a booster pump 27, a high-pressure pipe, a nozzle 4, and a pressure gauge 3. The water tank 2 is connected to the pre-pump 1 via a pipe to provide the experimental medium; the pre-pump 1 is connected to the booster pump 27 via a pipe, and an inlet water (air) flow meter 28 is installed on the pipe between the two to monitor the real-time flow rate entering the booster pump 27. The nozzle 4 is connected to the booster pump 27 via a high-pressure pipe. The pressure gauge 3 is located between the booster pump 27 and the nozzle 4, and is placed as close as possible to the nozzle 4.

[0034] In this embodiment, a pre-pump 1 and an inlet water (gas) flow meter 28 are used for the high-speed droplet impact on the blade experiment; a booster pump 27 can pressurize both the gas and the liquid; when conducting the high-speed solid particle impact on the blade experiment, the booster pump 27 pressurizes the gas, and the resulting high-speed airflow carries the solid particles at the nozzle tip, impacting the turbine's rotating blades. When conducting the high-speed droplet impact on the blade experiment, the booster pump 27 pressurizes the water, generating a high-speed jet through the nozzle, which impacts the turbine's rotating blades.

[0035] The drive unit includes a main motor 12, a main motor support 13, and a control unit. The main motor 12 is mounted on the main motor support 13. The drive unit uses a variable frequency motor as the prime mover and is connected to the rotor unit through the output shaft of the motor to drive and control the speed and start / stop of the rotor unit.

[0036] like Figure 3 and 4As shown, the rotor unit includes a main shaft 6, a coupling 11, a connecting plate 24, blades 20, and rotatable blade roots 21. One end of the main shaft 6 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 12 via the coupling 11, and the other end is connected to the connecting plate 24. The rotatable blade roots 21 are mounted on the connecting plate. The connecting plate 24 includes a wheel 19, a first pressure plate 18, and a second pressure plate 22. The wheel 19 has an overall annular structure, with the first pressure plate 18 and the second pressure plate 22 arranged on both sides of the wheel 19. The wheel 19 is connected to the main shaft 6. The annular surface of the wheel 19 on one side of the first pressure plate has threaded holes evenly distributed circumferentially. The annular surface of the wheel 19 on one side of the second pressure plate also has threaded holes, the positions of which correspond to the positions of the threaded holes on the first pressure plate side of the wheel 19. The first pressure plate 18 has evenly spaced threaded holes on its annular surface, corresponding to the threaded holes on the wheel. The second pressure plate 22 also has evenly spaced threaded holes on its annular surface, corresponding to the threaded holes on the second pressure plate side of the wheel. The wheel has dovetail grooves at the positions corresponding to the blades, connecting to the rotatable blade roots 21.

[0037] In this embodiment, the spindle 6 and the connecting plate are positioned by a conical surface, and the connecting plate and the spindle 6 are tightened together by several bolts.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown, the blade 20 is replaceable, square in shape, and connected to the rotatable blade root 21 by a pin. The rotatable blade root 21 is a spun body, thus allowing for rotation to adjust the relative angle when erosion particles impact the replaceable blade sample. The rotatable blade root 21 is constrained in axial and radial displacement by two pressure blocks on the left and right sides. The inner surface of the aperture formed by the combination of the two pressure blocks fits against the outer surface of the spun body of the rotatable blade root 21, while its two side surfaces fit against the inner surface of the dovetail groove of the wheel. The pressure blocks are confined within the dovetail groove of the connecting plate by pressure plates.

[0039] like Figure 6 As shown, the main body of the casing is a cylindrical shell structure, divided into an upper open shell 9 and a lower open shell 23. The two open shells of the main body are connected by a flange split. The top of the upper open shell 9 has an approximately rectangular transparent observation window 8, and a protruding pipe 7 is arranged on the semicircular surface away from the motor, which is connected to the incident angle measuring device. Its circumferential position corresponds to the position of the transparent observation window 8. The lower open shell 23 has an exhaust port 10 on the side closer to the motor, which is connected to the vacuum unit. A particulate matter discharge pipe 17 is arranged at the bottom of the casing.

[0040] like Figure 7As shown, an incident angle measurement unit is arranged between the pipe and the nozzle. The measurement unit includes a light source assembly 26, a photoelectric sensor 25, a signal processing module 29, and a conical sleeve 5. The light source assembly 26 includes at least three sets of light sources, which emit parallel beams perpendicular to the path of the droplet's movement. The light sources can be laser diodes (LDs) or infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to ensure the collimation and stability of the beam. Each set of light sources is equipped with a set of photoelectric sensors 25, which are arranged on the opposite side of the droplet / particle's movement path to measure the velocity and direction of the particles ejected from the nozzle 4. The light sources 26 and sensors 25 are arranged at different spatial positions along the droplet / particle's movement path. The signal processing module 29 is connected to the photoelectric sensor 25, receives the output signal of the photoelectric sensor, and records the obstruction time of the droplet / particle when it passes each beam. The signal processing module 29 uses a high-speed data acquisition unit, which can process the changes of multiple sets of photoelectric signals in real time and calculate the movement direction of the droplet / particle. A conical sleeve 5 is installed outside the measuring unit to prevent external light and airflow from interfering with the measurement. The end of the conical sleeve 5 with a larger bottom area is connected to the injection unit, and the end with a smaller bottom area is connected to the rotor unit. The light source and light sensor are set on the conical sleeve.

[0041] The vacuum unit includes a vacuum pumping device, a vacuum gauge 16, and a vacuum unit to ensure a certain vacuum level inside the casing.

[0042] In this embodiment, the vacuum equipment includes a vacuum pump 14 and an electric vacuum valve 15; a vacuum gauge 16 is arranged between the air extraction port 10 and the vacuum equipment; the casing is connected to the vacuum equipment through the air extraction port 10, and the vacuum equipment pipeline is connected through a flange.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown, closed-loop control of experimental parameters is achieved through a control unit. First, initial commands are issued based on preset impact velocity, impact flow rate, and gas environment density. During execution, the particulate matter state measurement system monitors and feeds back data to the control unit in real time. The controller adjusts the motor speed, casing vacuum, sample mounting angle, and injection orifice diameter based on the deviation between the setpoints and feedback values, thereby ensuring the stability of the experimental environment and dynamic parameters.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental apparatus for particulate erosion phenomena in turbomachinery with continuously adjustable blade angles, characterized in that, The device includes an injection unit, a measuring unit, and a rotor unit, wherein: The spraying unit is connected to the rotor unit and is used to spray the particles to be sprayed onto the blades of the rotor unit; the measuring unit is disposed between the spraying unit and the rotor unit and is used to measure the speed and direction of the mechanical particles sprayed from the spraying unit. The rotor unit is provided with a rotor, which includes a main shaft (6) and a connecting disk (24). The connecting disk (24) is disposed on the main shaft (6) and rotates with the rotation of the main shaft. A wheel disk (19) is disposed on the connecting disk, and blades (20) are evenly disposed on the wheel disk (19) along the circumferential direction. The wheel disk (19) is connected to the blades (20) through a rotatable blade root (21). When the rotatable blade root rotates, it drives the blades to rotate.

2. The simulation experimental device for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying unit includes a pre-pump (1), a booster pump (27) and a nozzle (4). A flow meter is provided between the pre-pump (1) and the booster pump (27), and a pressure meter is provided between the booster pump (27) and the nozzle (4).

3. The simulation experimental device for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor unit is housed in a casing, which has a viewing window.

4. The simulation experimental device for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The rotor also includes a coupling (11) which is connected to the drive unit for driving the main shaft to rotate.

5. The simulation experimental apparatus for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The rotor unit is also connected to a vacuum unit, which is used to maintain a vacuum state within the rotor unit. The controller is used to control the motion state of the rotor in the rotor unit.

6. The simulation experimental apparatus for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The rotatable leaf root (21) is disposed in a groove evenly arranged along the circumference of the wheel (19), the groove being wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, and in the shape of a swallowtail.

7. The simulation experimental apparatus for turbine particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Pressure plates are provided on both sides of the wheel (19) to limit the position of the wheel when it rotates.

8. A simulation experimental apparatus for turbine particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, The measuring unit includes a light source assembly (26) and a light sensor (25). The light source assembly (26) emits light, and the light sensor (25) measures the velocity and pressure of the particles when they are sprayed into the casing by the light source.

9. The simulation experimental apparatus for turbine mechanical particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A conical sleeve (5) is provided outside the measuring unit. The end of the conical sleeve (5) with a large bottom area is connected to the spraying unit, and the end with a small bottom area is connected to the rotor unit. The light source assembly and the light sensor are provided on the conical sleeve (5).

10. The simulation experimental apparatus for turbine particulate erosion with continuously adjustable blade angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is also connected to the injection unit and the vacuum unit for controlling the injection unit and the vacuum unit.

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