Adjustable fracture opening grouting dynamic water erosion multi-source synchronous testing device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-source synchronous testing device and method for adjustable fracture aperture grouting dynamic water erosion, relating to the field of dynamic water grouting testing technology in geotechnical engineering. The device includes an adjustable fracture aperture transparent parallel plate model module, a dynamic water circulation and water tank system, a grouting system, a flow field parameter detection system, a dynamic visualization monitoring system, a node-type ultrasonic detection system, a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system, and a main control and data fusion system. The fracture aperture and wall roughness are adjusted by changing gaskets and liners. The dynamic water circulation system forms a closed-loop flow field. The detection system realizes flow field monitoring, process visualization, quantitative analysis of residual grout, and morphological scanning, all controlled and analyzed by the main control system. The method completes the experiment through five steps: assembly calibration, dynamic water simulation, grouting erosion, node detection, and data analysis. It can realistically simulate the entire process of grout diffusion, erosion, and residue under different fracture and dynamic water conditions, achieving synchronous acquisition and quantitative evaluation of multi-source data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic water grouting testing technology in geotechnical engineering, specifically to a multi-source synchronous testing device and method for adjustable fracture aperture grouting dynamic water erosion. Background Technology

[0002] In karst fissures, fault fracture zones, and water-rich fissure rock formations, tunnel, mine, and underground chamber construction often faces engineering hazards such as water and mud inrush, surrounding rock instability, and the formation of seepage channels. Grouting reinforcement is a core technical means to seal water-conducting channels, control seepage, and improve the integrity of the rock mass. In actual working conditions, after the grout enters the fissure, it simultaneously undergoes diffusion, filling, solidification, and continuous scouring by flowing water. Its retention rate, erosion resistance, and sealing efficiency differ significantly from those under static water conditions. Relying solely on on-site monitoring is insufficient to reveal the migration, erosion, and residual evolution mechanisms of the grout within the flowing water fissures. Indoor physical model tests can precisely control fissure opening, roughness, flowing water velocity, and grouting parameters. This is a key means to conduct research on grouting mechanisms, evaluate material properties, and optimize construction parameters. Developing devices and methods that can realistically reproduce the grouting environment of flowing water fissures and achieve multi-source synchronous quantitative testing has significant engineering value and theoretical significance for improving the grouting design level and engineering safety in complex formations.

[0003] In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive research on grouting model tests in fractured dynamic water flow, and the relevant academic achievements have effectively promoted the development of grouting theory and experimental technology. Ma Shuang et al. (2024) systematically reviewed the research progress of grouting simulation tests in fractured media, pointing out that the flat plate fracture model is the mainstream platform for studying the diffusion law of grout, and emphasizing the significant influence of dynamic water conditions, fracture geometric characteristics and time-varying characteristics of grout on the test results. However, most studies still focus on static water or simplified flow fields, and the simulation of the continuous erosion process of dynamic water flow is insufficient. Zhang Jiafan et al. (2023) used a self-developed system to carry out inclined fracture dynamic water flow grouting tests, revealing the grout diffusion morphology and flow field distribution law. However, the test system does not have the functions of continuously adjustable fracture opening and multi-node quantitative detection. Liu et al. (2025) analyzed the influence of fracture roughness on slurry diffusion through a combination of numerical and experimental methods, confirming that roughness can significantly change slurry flow rate, pressure distribution, and plugging efficiency. However, the experimental setup mainly used a fixed opening, which could not achieve rapid switching and synchronous monitoring of multiple opening conditions, making it difficult to obtain complete quantitative data on the entire erosion process. Existing academic research generally suffers from problems such as a single dynamic water simulation boundary, scattered detection methods, poor adjustability of opening and roughness, and insufficient quantitative comparison before and after erosion, failing to meet the testing requirements of high precision, multiple operating conditions, and multi-source synchronization.

[0004] Existing Chinese patent technologies have made several improvements to dynamic water grouting test devices, but significant technical limitations still exist. CN114017070B discloses a visualization device that can simulate the accumulation of grouting particles in fractured rock masses. It uses a transparent structure to observe the grouting process and allows for the replacement of fracture panels to simulate different wall conditions. However, this device does not integrate a dynamic water circulation system, making it unable to conduct dynamic water erosion tests, and it lacks quantitative detection methods such as ultrasonic CT and three-dimensional laser scanning. CN115015251B proposes a visualization three-dimensional fracture grouting test system under multiple forces. It can apply in-situ stress and collect images and strain data to achieve visualization simulation of the grouting process. However, its dynamic water control capability is weak, the fracture aperture is fixed, and it cannot conduct comparative tests on erosion resistance under different apertures and dynamic water intensities. Furthermore, it lacks the function of reconstructing the volume and morphology of residual grout. CN106338457A provides a dynamic water grouting test device for simulating fissures in different filling materials. It can conduct grouting tests in sand-filled fissures to simulate dynamic water conditions. However, its structure is a non-transparent, integrated design, resulting in low visualization and making it impossible to observe the evolution of the grout boundary and the erosion retreat process. Furthermore, it uses only a single detection parameter, making multi-source data fusion analysis difficult. While the aforementioned patents offer some improvements in visualization, fissure simulation, or dynamic water supply, none of them achieve simultaneous multi-source testing, resulting in insufficient integration and quantitative evaluation capabilities.

[0005] Existing experimental devices and methods generally suffer from defects such as insufficient stability of dynamic water flow field, inconvenience in adjusting fracture geometric parameters, separation of visualization and quantitative detection methods, and lack of comparative data before and after erosion, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of multi-condition simulation, full-process monitoring, and multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this application discloses an adjustable fracture aperture grouting dynamic water erosion multi-source synchronous testing device and method; the adjustable fracture aperture grouting dynamic water erosion multi-source synchronous testing device specifically includes an adjustable fracture aperture transparent parallel plate model module, a dynamic water circulation and water tank system, a grouting system, a flow field parameter detection system, a dynamic visualization monitoring system, a node-type ultrasonic detection system, a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system, and a main control and data fusion system;

[0007] The dynamic water circulation and water tank system is connected to the inlet and outlet of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0008] The grouting system is connected to the grouting port of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module;

[0009] The flow field parameter detection system is set at the corresponding positions of the dynamic water circulation and water tank system and the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0010] The dynamic visualization monitoring system is located on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0011] The nodal ultrasonic testing system is configured in conjunction with the detection interface reserved in the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0012] The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system is set on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0013] The main control and data fusion system is connected to the dynamic water circulation and water tank system, the flow field parameter detection system, the dynamic visualization monitoring system, the grouting system, the node-type ultrasonic detection system, and the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module includes a front transparent plate 1, a rear transparent plate 2, a rigid frame 3, a replaceable limiting gasket 4, a fine-tuning clamping mechanism 5, a replaceable rough crack surface liner 7, and a crack test chamber 14.

[0015] The front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2 are installed in parallel inside the rigid frame 3, and the replaceable limiting gasket 4 is clamped between the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2 to set the crack opening.

[0016] The fine-tuning clamping mechanism 5 is mounted on the rigid frame 3 and is used to clamp and correct the distance between the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2;

[0017] Replaceable rough cracked surface liner 7 is attached to the inside of the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2;

[0018] The fracture test chamber 14 is equipped with a grouting port assembly 8, an exhaust port assembly 9, a water inlet assembly 10, a water outlet assembly 11, and a drainage port assembly 18.

[0019] The rigid frame 3 is equipped with an ultrasound CT detection interface 12, a scale and positioning reference assembly 13, and a pressure monitoring interface 17.

[0020] Preferably, the dynamic water circulation and water tank system includes a test water tank 19, a circulation drive unit 20, a nozzle guide unit 21, a water supply main pipeline 22, a return water main pipeline 23, a flow stabilization and rectification unit 24, a flow regulating valve 25, a main drain valve 26, and a crack model mounting bracket 27.

[0021] The circulation drive unit 20 is connected to the nozzle guide unit 21 through the main water supply pipeline 22, and the nozzle guide unit 21 is connected to the test water tank 19;

[0022] The test water tank 19 is connected to the return circulation drive unit 20 through the return water main pipeline 23 to form a closed loop;

[0023] The flow stabilizing and rectifying unit 24 is located downstream of the nozzle guiding unit 21, and the flow regulating valve 25 is located on the main water supply pipeline 22;

[0024] The crack model mounting bracket 27 is fixed inside the test water tank 19 and is used to install and fix the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0025] Preferably, the flow field parameter detection system includes a pipeline flow meter 28, a velocity probe 29 in the fissure, an inlet pressure sensor 30, and an outlet pressure sensor 31;

[0026] The pipeline flow meter 28 is installed on the main water supply line 22 or the main return line 23;

[0027] The velocity measuring probe 29 inside the fissure extends into the fissure test chamber 14;

[0028] The inlet pressure sensor 30 and the outlet pressure sensor 31 are respectively installed on the pressure monitoring interface 17 at the inlet and outlet ends of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0029] Preferably, the dynamic visualization monitoring system includes a high-speed camera 32, a supplementary lighting unit 33, and a camera mounting bracket 34;

[0030] The high-speed camera 32 is fixed to the outside of the front transparent plate 1 via the camera mounting bracket 34, with the lens facing the crack test chamber 14.

[0031] The supplementary lighting unit 33 is arranged on both sides of the observation area, and the high-speed camera 32 is connected to the main control and data fusion system.

[0032] Preferably, the nodal ultrasound detection system includes an ultrasound CT probe 38, a probe guidance and positioning mechanism 39, and a signal receiving and processing unit 40;

[0033] The ultrasound CT probe 38 is connected to the ultrasound CT probe interface 12 via the probe guide and positioning mechanism 39, and the signal receiving and processing unit 40 is connected to the ultrasound CT probe 38 and the main control and data fusion system respectively.

[0034] Preferably, the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system includes a three-dimensional laser scanner 45, a scanning positioning bracket 46, and a scanning data processing unit 47;

[0035] The 3D laser scanner 45 is fixed to the outside of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module via the scanning positioning bracket 46. The scanning data processing unit 47 is connected to the 3D laser scanner 45 and the main control and data fusion system respectively.

[0036] Preferably, the grouting system includes a grout storage container 35, a grouting pump 36, and grouting pipelines and control valves 37;

[0037] The grouting pump 36 is connected to the grouting port assembly 8 via the grouting pipeline and the control valve 37. The grouting system is connected to the main control and data fusion system to achieve quantitative grouting control.

[0038] A method for simultaneous testing of grouting erosion from multiple sources with adjustable fracture aperture, based on the aforementioned device, includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. Install and connect each system, select replaceable limit gasket 4 to set the crack opening, select replaceable rough crack surface liner 7 to set the wall conditions, correct the distance between front transparent plate 1 and rear transparent plate 2, install the seal and connect the pipeline and the detection interface.

[0040] S2. Fill the test water tank 19 with water, start the circulation drive unit 20 to form a closed loop circulation, adjust the flow regulating valve 25 to establish a stable flow field, and collect the reference flow field data through the flow field parameter detection system.

[0041] S3. Maintain dynamic water conditions, start the grouting system to inject grout through grouting port component 8 and vent air, the dynamic visualization monitoring system records the diffusion and initial filling status, obtains the baseline data before erosion, and simultaneously collects flow field parameters and records the erosion evolution process.

[0042] S4. After reaching the preset node, stop the water supply and drain the water body. Use a node-type ultrasonic detection system to quantitatively detect the residual slurry and use a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system to scan the morphology and obtain comparative data before and after erosion.

[0043] S5, the main control and data fusion system, synchronously processes and analyzes multi-source data, outputs diffusion range, residual area, residual volume, boundary retreat, thickness distribution and water-blocking performance parameters, and completes multi-condition comparative evaluation.

[0044] Preferably, in S4, the node-type ultrasonic detection system performs sectional scanning and quantitative analysis of the residual slurry through the ultrasonic CT detection interface 12, and the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system completes the three-dimensional reconstruction of the slurry morphology using the scale and positioning reference component 13 as the positioning reference. The residual rate and erosion loss are obtained by comparing the data before and after erosion.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following technical effects:

[0046] This invention can fully simulate the entire process of grout injection, diffusion, dynamic water erosion, and residual morphological evolution inside cracks in an indoor visual environment. It can stably construct different crack openings, crack wall roughness, and dynamic water flow conditions, providing a highly controllable simulation environment that closely resembles real engineering conditions for crack dynamic water grouting related tests, ensuring the stability of the test process and the applicability of the test conditions.

[0047] This invention enables the simultaneous recording of slurry diffusion morphology, acquisition of flow field parameters, quantitative detection of residual slurry, and three-dimensional reconstruction of slurry surface morphology through the collaborative operation of multiple detection units. All monitoring and detection data can be collected uniformly, triggered synchronously, and analyzed centrally, achieving effective fusion of multi-source information and fully reflecting the dynamic behavior and final state characteristics of slurry under dynamic water erosion environment.

[0048] This invention is highly integrated and easy to operate. It can perform performance tests and comparative analyses on various grout materials under various working conditions. It can provide comprehensive and reliable experimental data for evaluating the erosion resistance of grouting materials, verifying the water-blocking effect, and studying the grouting mechanism. It effectively supports technical research work related to indoor scientific experiments and engineering applications.

[0049] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0052] Based on the description of the figures and their corresponding technical content in the document, the titles of the figures are as follows:

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a transparent parallel plate model module with adjustable slit opening;

[0054] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall system of a multi-source synchronous testing device for adjustable crack aperture grouting dynamic water erosion;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a multi-source synchronous test method for grouting with adjustable crack opening and dynamic water erosion.

[0056] Figure label:

[0057] 1. Front transparent plate; 2. Rear transparent plate; 3. Rigid frame; 4. Replaceable limiting gasket; 5. Fine-tuning clamping mechanism; 7. Replaceable rough fracture surface liner; 8. Grouting port assembly; 9. Vent port assembly; 10. Inlet assembly; 11. Outlet assembly; 12. Ultrasonic CT detection interface; 13. Scale and positioning reference assembly; 14. Fracture test chamber; 15. Grouting joint; 16. Removable plug; 17. Pressure monitoring interface; 18. Drain assembly; 19. Test water tank; 20. Circulation drive unit; 21. Nozzle flow guiding unit; 22. Main water supply pipeline; 23. Main return water pipeline; 24. Flow stabilization and rectification unit; 25. Flow regulating valve; 26. Total 27. Drain valve; 28. Fracture model mounting bracket; 29. ​​Pipeline flow meter; 30. Fracture velocity probe; 31. Inlet pressure sensor; 32. Outlet pressure sensor; 33. High-speed camera; 34. Lighting unit; 35. Camera mounting bracket; 36. Grout storage container; 37. Grouting pump; 38. Grouting pipeline and control valve; 39. Ultrasonic CT probe; 40. Detection guidance and positioning mechanism; 41. Signal receiving and processing unit; 42. Main control unit; 43. Host computer; 44. Data acquisition and synchronous triggering unit; 45. Display and analysis software module; 46. 3D laser scanner; 47. Scanning positioning bracket; 48. Scanning data processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided merely to help fully understand the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted in the embodiments.

[0059] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0060] Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples within this application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0061] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0062] In this article, the term "at least one" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "at least one of A and B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0063] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This embodiment mainly describes an adjustable fracture aperture grouting dynamic water erosion multi-source synchronous testing device, specifically including an adjustable fracture aperture transparent parallel plate model module, a dynamic water circulation and water tank system, a grouting system, a flow field parameter detection system, a dynamic visualization monitoring system, a node-type ultrasonic detection system, a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system, and a main control and data fusion system;

[0066] The dynamic water circulation and water tank system is connected to the inlet and outlet of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0067] The grouting system is connected to the grouting port of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module;

[0068] The flow field parameter detection system is set at the corresponding positions of the dynamic water circulation and water tank system and the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

[0069] The dynamic visualization monitoring system is located on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0070] The nodal ultrasonic testing system is configured in conjunction with the detection interface reserved in the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0071] The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system is set on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module;

[0072] The main control and data fusion system is connected to the dynamic water circulation and water tank system, the flow field parameter detection system, the dynamic visualization monitoring system, the grouting system, the node-type ultrasonic detection system, and the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system.

[0073] The adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module is used to construct a visual crack test space with adjustable crack aperture, varying boundary conditions, and multi-source detection access; the dynamic water grouting system is used to establish a stable and controllable dynamic water flow environment around the crack model and to supply grouting slurry into the crack test chamber, while determining the grouting quality by measuring the mass difference before and after in the grouting tank; the synchronous detection system is used to synchronously collect, detect nodes, and comprehensively analyze the diffusion, erosion, residual morphology, and related flow parameters of the slurry in the crack.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module includes a front transparent plate 1, a rear transparent plate 2, and a rigid frame 3. The front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2 are kept relatively parallel by the rigid frame 3, and a crack test chamber 14 is formed between them by a replaceable standard limiting gasket 4. A fine-tuning clamping mechanism 5 is provided on the rigid frame 3 to maintain the parallelism and spacing between the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2. A replaceable rough crack surface liner 7 is provided on the inner side of the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2 to construct crack boundary conditions with different roughnesses. The crack test chamber 14 is provided with a grouting port assembly 8, an exhaust port assembly 9, a water inlet assembly 10, a water outlet assembly 11, and a drainage port assembly 18 connected to it. The rigid frame 3 is also provided with an ultrasonic CT detection interface 12, a scale and positioning reference assembly 13, and a pressure monitoring interface 17 to realize crack grouting, dynamic water erosion, and multi-source synchronous detection.

[0075] Furthermore, the grouting port assembly 8 is located on the upper part of the front transparent plate 1, the rear transparent plate 2, or the rigid frame 3, and is connected to the crack test chamber 14; a grouting connector 15 is provided on the outside of the grouting port assembly 8, which can be connected to the grouting unit; unused grouting positions can be closed by a detachable plug 16. The exhaust port assembly 9 is located at the upper part of the fracture test chamber 14 to discharge slurry and gas from the fracture test chamber; the inlet assembly 10 and the outlet assembly 11 are respectively located at both ends of the fracture test chamber 14, connected to the dynamic water circulation system and establishing a stable dynamic water flow field; the ultrasonic CT detection interface 12 is located on both sides of the rigid frame 3, forming a preset detection path with the corresponding area of ​​the fracture test chamber 14; the scale and positioning reference assembly 13 is located on the outer surface of the front transparent plate 1 or the rear transparent plate 2, used to provide a unified scale reference and spatial reference for high-speed imaging, image recognition and three-dimensional morphology reconstruction; the pressure monitoring interface 17 is located on the inlet assembly 10 and the outlet assembly 11, used to install pressure sensors to obtain the hydraulic boundary conditions inside the fracture test chamber 14.

[0076] In this embodiment, the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2 are made of materials including but not limited to tempered glass, transparent plexiglass or polycarbonate transparent plate; the standard limiting gasket 4 is a replaceable gasket with a thickness corresponding to different slit openings, such as 2 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm, including but not limited to longer openings; the fine-tuning clamping mechanism 5 adopts a fine-tuning screw structure including but not limited to screw type, micron type or distributed type.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, the dynamic water grouting system includes a visual glass water tank 19, a circulation drive unit 20, a nozzle guide unit 21, a main water supply line 22, a main return water line 23, a flow stabilization and rectification unit 24, a flow regulating valve 25, a main drain valve 26, a fracture model mounting bracket 27, and a grouting system. The adjustable fracture opening transparent parallel plate model mounting bracket 27 is installed inside the visual glass water tank 19. The circulation drive unit 20 is connected to the nozzle guide unit 21 via the main water supply line 22. The nozzle guide unit 21 is connected to the visual glass water tank 19. The main return water line 23 is connected to the visual glass water tank 19 to form a closed-loop circulation. The flow stabilization and rectification unit 24 is located downstream of the nozzle guide unit 21. The flow regulating valve 25 is located on the main water supply line 22. The main drain valve 26 is connected to the drainage channel. The circulation drive unit 20 provides the circulation power, creating a stable flow field around the visual glass water tank 19 and the fracture model.

[0078] The synchronous detection system includes a dynamic water parameter detection unit, a dynamic visualization monitoring unit, a node ultrasonic detection unit, a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement unit, and a main control and data fusion system. Specifically, the dynamic water parameter detection unit includes a pipeline flow meter 28, a fracture velocity probe 29, an inlet pressure sensor 30, and an outlet pressure sensor 31, used to acquire flow rate, velocity, and pressure parameters during the dynamic water erosion test; the dynamic visualization monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera 32, a supplementary lighting unit 33, and a camera mounting bracket 34, used to record the diffusion, erosion, boundary retreat, and local erosion processes of the slurry in the fracture test chamber; the node ultrasonic detection unit includes an ultrasonic CT probe 38, a probe guidance and positioning mechanism 39, and a signal receiving and processing unit. 40 is used to quantitatively detect residual slurry in the fracture test chamber 14 at preset detection nodes; the main control and data fusion system includes a main control unit 41, a host computer 42, a data acquisition and synchronous triggering unit 43, and a display and analysis software module 44, used for unified control, synchronous triggering, data acquisition, storage, and analysis of each detection unit; the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement unit includes a three-dimensional laser scanner 45, a scanning positioning bracket 46, and a scanning data processing unit 47, used for three-dimensional scanning, point cloud reconstruction, and parameter extraction of the surface morphology before and after slurry erosion.

[0079] This implementation device can construct a visualized, precisely controllable boundary condition test environment for crack dynamic water grouting indoors, stably simulating the grout diffusion and erosion process under different crack openings, wall roughness, and dynamic water conditions. Through the collaborative operation of multi-source detection units, it can complete the whole process monitoring and quantitative detection. The system has a high degree of integration and is easy to operate, providing complete and reliable test support for the study of dynamic water grouting mechanism, material performance evaluation, and engineering parameter optimization.

[0080] Example 2 details a multi-source synchronous testing method for adjustable fracture aperture grouting and dynamic water erosion, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0081] S1. Complete the installation and connection of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module, the dynamic water grouting system, and the synchronous detection system; select the replaceable limiting gasket 4 to set the crack opening according to the test requirements, select the replaceable rough crack surface liner 7 to set the crack wall conditions, and use the fine-tuning clamping mechanism 5 to correct the plate spacing between the front transparent plate 1 and the rear transparent plate 2; install the crack model on the crack model mounting bracket 27, complete the connection of the inlet assembly 10, outlet assembly 11, grouting port assembly 8, vent assembly 9, and related detection interfaces, and check the sealing performance of the entire device.

[0082] S2. First, inject clean water into the visual glass water tank 19, start the circulation drive unit 20, so that the water body forms a closed loop circulation through the water supply main pipeline 22, the nozzle guide unit 21, the flow stabilization and rectification unit 24 and the return water main pipeline 23; adjust the flow regulating valve 25 to form a stable flow field around the fracture model and the fracture test area; obtain the flow rate, velocity and pressure parameters through the pipeline flow meter 28, the fracture velocity probe 29, the inlet pressure sensor 30 and the outlet pressure sensor 31.

[0083] S3. Under the preset dynamic water conditions, the grouting unit consisting of the grout storage container 35, the grouting pump 36, and the grouting pipeline and control valve 37 is started. Grout is injected into the fracture test chamber 14 through the grouting port assembly 8, and air in the fracture test chamber 14 is discharged through the exhaust port assembly 9. During the grouting process, the high-speed camera 32, the supplementary lighting unit 33, and the camera mounting bracket 34 in the dynamic visualization monitoring unit are used to record the diffusion process, boundary evolution, and initial filling state of the grout after it enters the fracture test chamber 14. After the grout completes the initial diffusion and forms a stable initial shape, the reference image or reference detection data before the grout erosion is obtained. The pipeline flow meter 28, the fracture velocity probe 29, the inlet pressure sensor 30, and the outlet pressure sensor 31 in the dynamic water parameter detection unit simultaneously collect the flow rate, velocity, and pressure parameters during the test. The dynamic visualization monitoring unit simultaneously records the boundary retreat, local erosion, and residual evolution process of the grout.

[0084] S4. When the preset detection node or preset erosion termination condition is reached, the water supply is stopped and the water in the fracture model is drained through the main drain valve 26 and the drain outlet assembly 18. Then, the ultrasonic CT probe 38, the detection guide and positioning mechanism 39 and the signal receiving and processing unit 40 in the node ultrasonic detection unit are used to quantitatively detect the residual slurry in the fracture test chamber 14. The three-dimensional laser scanner 45, the scanning positioning bracket 46 and the scanning data processing unit 47 in the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement unit are used to perform a three-dimensional scan of the surface morphology after slurry erosion. After the slurry completes its initial diffusion and before formal erosion, the initial morphology of the slurry can also be scanned in the same way to obtain comparative data before and after erosion.

[0085] S5. The main control unit 41, host computer 42, data acquisition and synchronization triggering unit 43, and display and analysis software module 44 in the main control and data fusion system perform unified control, synchronization triggering, storage, and comprehensive analysis on the data collected by the dynamic water parameter detection unit, dynamic visualization monitoring unit, node ultrasonic detection unit, and three-dimensional laser scanning measurement unit. This results in the diffusion range, residual area, residual volume, boundary shrinkage, thickness distribution, and water-blocking performance parameters of the slurry under the dynamic water erosion conditions in the fractures. This enables the comparative evaluation of test results under different slurry materials, different fracture openings, different fracture roughnesses, and different dynamic water conditions.

[0086] The method for comparing the resistance of the slurry to dynamic water erosion and its performance under different dynamic water, crack, and slurry conditions is as follows: Under the same crack opening, crack roughness, and dynamic water flow velocity, different slurry materials or slurries with different proportions are selected for testing. The diffusion morphology, residual area after erosion, residual volume, boundary retreat distance, thickness distribution, and surface morphology changes of the slurry in the crack test chamber 14 are obtained by the dynamic visualization monitoring unit, the nodal ultrasonic detection unit, and the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement unit, respectively. The residual capacity, morphology retention capacity, and water-blocking performance of different slurries under the same working conditions are compared to evaluate the resistance of different slurry materials to dynamic water erosion.

[0087] While keeping the fissure aperture, fissure roughness, and slurry material or slurry ratio constant, the dynamic water flow rate or flow condition is changed. The diffusion process, erosion morphology evolution, residual area, residual volume, boundary retreat, thickness distribution, and corresponding changes in flow rate, velocity, and pressure of the slurry under different dynamic water conditions are recorded. The differences in slurry morphology and residual state before and after erosion under different dynamic water conditions are compared, and the relationship between dynamic water flow rate or flow rate and the slurry's resistance to dynamic water erosion is determined.

[0088] While keeping the dynamic water conditions, slurry materials, or slurry ratio constant, the crack aperture or crack wall roughness is changed. The diffusion morphology, boundary evolution process, residual area, residual volume, boundary retreat distance, and thickness distribution of the slurry under different crack geometric boundaries and different crack wall conditions are recorded. The morphology retention ability, residual capacity, and water-blocking performance of the slurry under different crack conditions are compared, and the relationship between crack aperture, crack roughness, and the slurry's resistance to dynamic water erosion is determined.

[0089] While keeping the dynamic water and fracture conditions constant, the grout mix parameters are changed, including but not limited to the water-cement ratio, admixture dosage, mineral admixture dosage, or other component conditions. The morphological changes, boundary retreat, residual area, residual volume, thickness distribution, and water-blocking performance parameters of the grout are recorded throughout the entire process from injection and diffusion to the end of erosion. The test results under different grout mix conditions are compared to determine the relationship between grout composition and resistance to dynamic water erosion.

[0090] This embodiment achieves standardized execution of the entire process of fissure dynamic water grouting, from device assembly, flow field calibration, grout diffusion to dynamic water erosion, multi-source node detection, and data fusion analysis. It can simultaneously acquire grout evolution images, flow field parameters, quantitative data and morphological characteristics of residual grout, accurately characterize the dynamic behavior and residual state of grout under complex working conditions, and provide standardized, reliable and repeatable experimental support for the performance evaluation and mechanism research of grouting materials.

[0091] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations, and parameter changes made to these embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, through conventional substitutions or to achieve the same function, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for adjustable aperture grouting dynamic water erosion multi-source synchronous testing, characterized in that, It includes an adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module, a dynamic water circulation and water tank system, a grouting system, a flow field parameter detection system, a dynamic visualization monitoring system, a node-type ultrasonic detection system, a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system, and a main control and data fusion system; The dynamic water circulation and water tank system is connected to the inlet and outlet of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module. The grouting system is connected to the grouting port of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module; The flow field parameter detection system is set at the corresponding positions of the dynamic water circulation and water tank system and the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module. The dynamic visualization monitoring system is located on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module; The nodal ultrasonic testing system is configured in conjunction with the detection interface reserved in the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module; The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system is set on the outside of the adjustable crack aperture transparent parallel plate model module; The main control and data fusion system is connected to the dynamic water circulation and water tank system, the flow field parameter detection system, the dynamic visualization monitoring system, the grouting system, the node-type ultrasonic detection system, and the three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system.

2. The test device of claim 1, wherein, The adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module includes a front transparent plate (1), a rear transparent plate (2), a rigid frame (3), a replaceable limiting gasket (4), a fine-tuning clamping mechanism (5), a replaceable rough crack surface liner (7), and a crack test chamber (14). The front transparent plate (1) and the rear transparent plate (2) are installed in parallel inside the rigid frame (3), and a replaceable limiting gasket (4) is clamped between the front transparent plate (1) and the rear transparent plate (2) to set the crack opening. The fine-tuning clamping mechanism (5) is mounted on the rigid frame (3) and is used to clamp and correct the distance between the front transparent plate (1) and the rear transparent plate (2); A replaceable rough crack surface liner (7) is attached to the inside of the front transparent plate (1) and the rear transparent plate (2); The fracture test chamber (14) is equipped with a grouting port assembly (8), an exhaust port assembly (9), a water inlet assembly (10), a water outlet assembly (11), and a drainage port assembly (18). The rigid frame (3) is equipped with an ultrasound CT detection interface (12), a scale and positioning reference assembly (13), and a pressure monitoring interface (17).

3. The test device of claim 1, wherein, The dynamic water circulation and water tank system includes a test water tank (19), a circulation drive unit (20), a nozzle guide unit (21), a water supply main pipeline (22), a return water main pipeline (23), a flow stabilization and rectification unit (24), a flow regulating valve (25), a main drain valve (26), and a crack model mounting bracket (27). The circulation drive unit (20) is connected to the nozzle guide unit (21) through the water supply main pipeline (22), and the nozzle guide unit (21) is connected to the test water tank (19). The test water tank (19) is connected to the return circulation drive unit (20) through the return water main pipeline (23) to form a closed loop; The flow stabilizing and rectifying unit (24) is located downstream of the nozzle guiding unit (21), and the flow regulating valve (25) is located on the main water supply pipeline (22); The crack model mounting bracket (27) is fixed inside the test water tank (19) and used to install the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

4. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow field parameter detection system includes a pipeline flow meter (28), a velocity probe in the fissure (29), an inlet pressure sensor (30), and an outlet pressure sensor (31). The pipeline flow meter (28) is installed on the main water supply line (22) or the main return line (23); The velocity probe (29) inside the crack extends into the crack test chamber (14); The inlet pressure sensor (30) and outlet pressure sensor (31) are respectively installed on the pressure monitoring interface (17) at the inlet and outlet of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module.

5. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic visualization monitoring system includes a high-speed camera (32), a supplementary lighting unit (33), and a camera mounting bracket (34). The high-speed camera (32) is fixed to the outside of the front transparent plate (1) via the camera mounting bracket (34), with the lens facing the crack test chamber (14). The supplementary lighting unit (33) is arranged on both sides of the observation area, and the high-speed camera (32) is connected to the main control and data fusion system.

6. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The node-type ultrasound detection system includes an ultrasound CT probe (38), a probe guidance and positioning mechanism (39), and a signal receiving and processing unit (40). The ultrasound CT probe (38) is connected to the ultrasound CT probe interface (12) through the probe guide and positioning mechanism (39), and the signal receiving and processing unit (40) is connected to the ultrasound CT probe (38) and the main control and data fusion system respectively.

7. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system includes a three-dimensional laser scanner (45), a scanning positioning bracket (46), and a scanning data processing unit (47). The three-dimensional laser scanner (45) is fixed to the outside of the adjustable crack opening transparent parallel plate model module through the scanning positioning bracket (46), and the scanning data processing unit (47) is connected to the three-dimensional laser scanner (45) and the main control and data fusion system respectively.

8. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grouting system includes a grout storage container (35), a grouting pump (36), and grouting pipelines and control valves (37). The grouting pump (36) is connected to the grouting port assembly (8) via the grouting pipeline and the control valve (37). The grouting system is connected to the main control and data fusion system to achieve quantitative grouting control.

9. A method for simultaneous testing of grouting with adjustable fracture aperture and dynamic water erosion from multiple sources, characterized in that, Based on the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, the method includes the following steps: S1. Install and connect each system, select replaceable limit gasket (4) to set the crack opening, select replaceable rough crack surface liner (7) to set the wall conditions, correct the distance between the front transparent plate (1) and the rear transparent plate (2), install the seal and connect the pipeline and the detection interface. S2. Fill the test water tank (19) with water, start the circulation drive unit (20) to form a closed loop, adjust the flow regulating valve (25) to establish a stable flow field, and collect the reference flow field data through the flow field parameter detection system. S3. Maintain dynamic water conditions, start the grouting system to inject grout through the grouting port assembly (8) and vent the air. The dynamic visualization monitoring system records the diffusion and initial filling status, obtains the baseline data before erosion, and simultaneously collects the flow field parameters and records the erosion evolution process. S4. After reaching the preset node, stop the water supply and drain the water body. Use a node-type ultrasonic detection system to quantitatively detect the residual slurry and use a three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system to scan the morphology and obtain comparative data before and after erosion. S5, the main control and data fusion system, synchronously processes and analyzes multi-source data, outputs diffusion range, residual area, residual volume, boundary retreat, thickness distribution and water-blocking performance parameters, and completes multi-condition comparative evaluation.

10. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The S4 node-type ultrasonic detection system performs sectional scanning and quantitative analysis of residual slurry through the ultrasonic CT detection interface (12). The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement system completes the three-dimensional reconstruction of the slurry morphology using the scale and positioning reference component (13) as the positioning reference. The residual rate and erosion loss are obtained by comparing the data before and after erosion.

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