A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing

Abstract

This invention relates to a soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing. The device includes a support plate, with a terrain-adaptive support assembly at its bottom to fit the karst mountain slope topography. A detection box is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, and an erosion monitoring sensing assembly for soil erosion monitoring is housed inside the detection box. Multiple support columns are fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, and a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of each support column. An openable rotating door is located on the outside of the detection box, and sampling tubes are connected to the side walls of the detection box via flexible connectors. This invention, through multiple independently adjustable terrain-adaptive support assemblies, flexible connectors, and sampling tubes, combined with a magnetostrictive sensing unit, achieves in-situ accurate monitoring of soil erosion on karst mountain slopes, adaptive adaptation to complex terrain, and continuous data acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil erosion monitoring equipment technology, specifically to a soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion monitoring devices are widely used in various fields such as karst desertification control, soil and water conservation monitoring in mountainous areas, water conservancy research, and evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects. The ecological environment of the karst mountainous areas in southwestern my country is fragile, with rugged slopes and prominent soil erosion problems. Soil erosion is a core cause of karst desertification and regional ecological degradation. In-situ, accurate, and continuous monitoring of slope soil erosion is a fundamental task for carrying out soil and water conservation planning, ecological restoration, and regional hydrological and ecological research. Soil erosion monitoring devices are key equipment for acquiring slope erosion data and supporting related scientific research and control work. Their terrain adaptability, monitoring accuracy, and operational stability directly determine the quality and efficiency of soil erosion monitoring work.

[0003] Currently used slope soil erosion monitoring devices mostly employ fixed rigid support structures. Their conventional operation involves fixing the support to the monitored slope using embedded parts or anchoring structures, pre-embedding measuring probes, erosion needles, or sampling tubes within the slope, and periodically measuring soil erosion thickness manually or using accompanying sensors to collect data on changes in soil erosion thickness. The core shortcomings of these existing monitoring devices are their inability to adapt to the rugged and complex slope terrain of karst mountainous areas. Fixed rigid supports are difficult to install stably on uneven slopes with significant elevation differences, resulting in low monitoring frequency, large reading errors, and high labor costs. Furthermore, the sampling tubes, often rigidly fixed, cannot be flexibly adjusted in terms of placement angle and insertion depth according to the slope terrain, making it difficult to achieve close contact with the slope soil. This leads to data deviations easily influenced by terrain, hindering in-situ, continuous, and accurate monitoring of slope soil erosion in karst mountainous areas. This severely limits the application effectiveness and data accuracy of the devices in complex terrain scenarios in karst mountainous regions.

[0004] Therefore, a soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing, comprising a support plate, a terrain-adaptive support component for adapting to the karst mountain slope terrain is provided at the bottom of the support plate, a detection box is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, an erosion monitoring sensing component for soil erosion monitoring is provided inside the detection box, multiple support columns are fixedly connected to the top of the support plate, a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the support columns, an openable rotating door is provided on the outside of the detection box, and a sampling tube is connected to the side wall of the detection box through a flexible connector.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The terrain-adaptive support assembly includes a housing, a support rod, and a support foot. The top of the housing is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing plate. The housing has an interior cavity, and a fixing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity. The support rod has textured surfaces on its exterior, and its external thread is connected to the interior of the fixing ring. A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod, and a support foot is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod. A rotating handle is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting plate. As a further description of the above technical solution: The erosion monitoring sensing component includes a partition and a magnetostrictive sensing unit. The partition is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection box, and the partition divides the interior of the detection box into multiple storage cavities. The magnetostrictive sensing unit is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage cavity, and the detection end of the magnetostrictive sensing unit extends into the interior of the sampling tube. The magnetostrictive sensing unit is electrically connected to an external data acquisition terminal via a wire. As a further description of the above technical solution: Multiple guide blocks are fixedly connected to the top of the top plate, and a guide groove is formed between two adjacent guide blocks. A water tank is opened on the top of the top plate, and a filter screen is fixedly connected to the top opening of the water tank. Multiple evenly distributed filter holes are opened on the surface of the filter screen, and water outlet holes are opened on the inner wall of the water tank. As a further description of the above technical solution: The bottom of the housing has a through hole for the support rod to pass through. The outer diameter of the limiting plate is larger than the inner diameter of the fixing ring. The outside of the limiting plate is slidably connected to the inside of the cavity. The support foot is a disc structure. The bottom surface of the support foot is provided with anti-slip protrusions. Multiple terrain-adaptive support components are symmetrically distributed on the bottom of the bearing plate. As a further description of the above technical solution: The inner wall of the testing box is waterproof and sealed. A sealing strip is provided at the opening and closing of the rotating door and the testing box. A door lock structure is provided on the surface of the rotating door. The partition is made of insulating and heat-insulating material. The inner wall of the storage cavity is provided with a cable management structure for fixing the circuit. The side wall of the testing box is provided with a wire-passing hole for wires and flexible connectors to pass through. As a further description of the above technical solution: The top plate has a double-sloped roof structure, and connecting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the top plate. The bottom of the guide channel is connected to the interior of the water tank. The inner wall of the water outlet is treated to prevent clogging. The edge of the filter screen is completely fitted with the top opening edge of the water tank. As a further description of the above technical solution: The flexible connector is a bendable corrugated tube structure. Both ends of the flexible connector are sealed to the side wall of the detection box and the end of the sampling tube, respectively. The sampling tube is a rigid tubular structure with a tapered opening at the sampling end. The surface of the sampling tube is treated with anti-corrosion and wear-resistant coating. The inside of the sampling tube is equipped with a detection float structure that cooperates with the magnetostrictive sensing unit.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: 1. By employing multiple independently adjustable terrain-adaptive support components, flexible connectors, and sampling tubes, in conjunction with a magnetostrictive sensing unit, the system achieves precise in-situ monitoring of soil erosion on karst mountain slopes, adaptive adaptation to complex terrain, and continuous data acquisition. The independently adjustable support components precisely adapt to the varying elevations of karst slopes, ensuring the stability of the device installation and the levelness of the support plate. The flexible connectors allow for flexible adjustment of the sampling tube's placement angle and insertion depth, ensuring a tight fit between the sampling tube and the slope soil. The magnetostrictive sensing unit can collect real-time displacement changes caused by soil erosion, enabling continuous in-situ monitoring of erosion levels and significantly improving the device's adaptability to complex terrains and the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0009] 2. The rainwater guiding structure, composed of guide blocks, guide channels, and a water-collecting tank with a filter on the top plate, combined with a sealed detection box and modular assembly / disassembly structure, achieves long-term stable operation in the field, all-scenario protection, and convenient maintenance. The double-sloped roof guiding structure directs, collects, and discharges rainwater; the filter screen filters out debris to prevent pipe blockage; the sealed detection box provides waterproof and dustproof protection for the internal sensing units; and the modular structure enables rapid assembly / disassembly, regular maintenance, and accuracy calibration, significantly reducing the difficulty of maintenance in harsh field environments and ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a support plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the partition structure of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting plate structure of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B.

[0011] Labeling Explanation: 1. Support plate; 2. Housing shell; 3. Cavity; 4. Fixing ring; 5. Support rod; 6. Limiting plate; 7. Rotating handle; 8. Support foot; 9. Flexible connector; 10. Sampling tube; 11. Detection box; 12. Partition plate; 13. Magnetostrictive sensing unit; 14. Support column; 15. Top plate; 16. Filter screen; 17. Flow guide block; 18. Flow guide groove; 19. Filter hole; 20. Water tank; 21. Water outlet; 22. Rotating door; 23. Texture; 24. Connecting plate; 25. Storage cavity. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figure 1 and Figure 5 The diagram shows an embodiment of the karst mountain slope soil erosion monitoring device based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing provided by the present invention. Addressing the problems of low monitoring frequency and large reading errors in traditional soil erosion monitoring, this device fully leverages the technical advantages of magnetostrictive displacement sensors and optimizes and improves upon traditional erosion needle monitoring methods. It can adapt to the complex environment of karst mountain areas with varying rock and soil types, achieving automated and accurate monitoring of soil erosion and deposition. The device includes a support plate 1, which provides a stable foundation for all core structures of the monitoring device, and provides fixed installation points for structures such as the terrain-adaptive support components, detection box 11, and support column 14, ensuring the stability and rigidity of the overall structure of the device. The bottom of the bearing plate 1 is equipped with a terrain-adaptive support component for adapting to the slope terrain of karst mountainous areas. The terrain-adaptive support component can be independently adjusted according to the differences in the height and undulation of the karst mountainous area slope, adapting to complex and rugged slope terrain, ensuring the stable installation of the device on uneven slopes, and providing the effect of level adjustment support for the bearing plate 1. Multiple terrain-adaptive support components are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the bearing plate 1. The terrain-adaptive support components include a housing shell 2, a support rod 5, and a support foot 8. The top of the housing shell 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing plate 1. The housing shell 2 provides a closed housing and installation space for the support rod 5, the fixing ring 4, and other support adjustment structures, protecting the internal adjustment structures from erosion by mud, sand, and rainwater in the field environment, and ensuring the smooth operation of the adjustment structures. The housing shell 2 has a cavity 3 inside, which provides a suitable space for the extension and retraction adjustment of the support rod 5, and provides space for the installation and limiting of the fixing ring 4 and the limiting plate 6, ensuring the stability of the extension and retraction adjustment process of the support rod 5. A fixing ring 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of cavity 3. The fixing ring 4 provides a stable support base for the threaded rotation adjustment of support rod 5, limits the adjustment trajectory of support rod 5, and ensures the accuracy and stability of the extension length adjustment of support rod 5. The external thread of support rod 5 is connected to the inside of fixing ring 4. Support rod 5 can adjust its own extension length by rotating the thread, adapting to the height difference of different positions on the slope, and providing stable vertical support for bearing plate 1. It is the core transmission structure for realizing the terrain adaptive adjustment of the device. The outside of support rod 5 is provided with texture 23. Texture 23 increases the friction of the threaded contact surface of support rod 5, ensures the position locking effect of support rod 5 after adjustment, and prevents support rod 5 from loosening or displacement during device operation. A limiting plate 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod 5. The limiting plate 6 limits and blocks the extension and retraction adjustment stroke of the support rod 5, preventing the support rod 5 from slipping out of the fixing ring 4, and ensuring the safety and structural integrity of the support rod 5 during the adjustment process. A rotating handle 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting plate 6. The rotating handle 7 provides the operator with a force-applying structure for adjusting the length of the support rod 5, making it easy for the operator to rotate the support rod 5 to complete the length adjustment, thus improving the convenience of on-site installation and adjustment of the device. A support foot 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod 5. The support foot 8 allows direct contact with the surface of the karst slope, increasing the contact area between the device and the slope, dispersing the vertical load of the device, and ensuring the stability of the device when placed on the slope. The bottom of the housing 2 has a through hole for the support rod 5 to pass through. The through hole provides a suitable through channel for the support rod 5 to pass through the housing 2, ensuring that the support rod 5 can smoothly complete the extension and retraction length adjustment, while limiting the radial displacement of the support rod 5. The outer diameter of the limiting plate 6 is larger than the inner diameter of the fixing ring 4. The outer side of the limiting plate 6 is slidably connected to the inside of the cavity 3. The support foot 8 has a disc structure. The bottom surface of the support foot 8 is provided with anti-slip protrusions. The anti-slip protrusions increase the friction between the support foot 8 and the slope surface, preventing the device from slipping or shifting after installation on the slope, and further improving the stability of the device during field installation. The top of the support plate 1 is fixedly connected to the detection box 11. The detection box 11 provides a closed installation and protection space for the erosion monitoring sensor component, protects the internal magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 from the erosion of the harsh outdoor environment, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system. The inner wall of the detection box 11 is waterproof and sealed. The detection box 11 is equipped with an erosion monitoring sensor component for soil erosion monitoring. The erosion monitoring sensor component realizes in-situ and continuous monitoring of soil erosion on the slope of karst mountain area, and converts the physical displacement changes caused by soil erosion into collectable electrical signals. It is the core functional component of the device to realize soil erosion monitoring. The erosion monitoring sensing component includes a partition 12 and a magnetostrictive sensing unit 13. The core innovation of this device lies in the ingenious application of the magnetostrictive displacement sensor in monitoring soil erosion on karst slopes. This sensor can be efficiently used for dynamic monitoring of soil erosion and deposition on slopes. After the sensing rod is vertically buried in the soil, the matching magnetic ring can move synchronously with the rise and fall of the surface soil. It can accurately measure the change in soil thickness in a non-contact manner. The partition 12 is externally fixed to the inner wall of the detection box 11. The partition 12 divides the internal space of the detection box 11 into multiple independent storage cavities 25, which isolate and arrange different components. At the same time, it plays the role of insulation and heat insulation, ensuring the safety of the internal components. The partition 12 is made of insulating and heat-insulating material. The partition 12 divides the interior of the detection box 11 into multiple storage cavities 25. The storage cavities 25 provide independent installation and accommodation space for components such as the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 and connecting lines, which facilitates the classification and arrangement of components and the effect of later maintenance and repair. The inner wall of the storage cavity 25 is provided with a cable management structure for fixing the wiring. The cable management structure enables the neat arrangement and fixation of the connecting wires inside the detection box 11, avoiding messy, tangled, or loose wiring, and ensuring the stability of the wiring connection and the convenience of maintenance. The magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 is externally fixed to the inner wall of the storage cavity 25. This sensing unit can support long-term field operation, automatically record the changes in soil erosion and sediment accumulation, resist interference from the humid and muddy environment in the field, and ensure stable and continuous data output. It is fully adapted to the long-term fixed-point monitoring needs of karst slope erosion. The magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 realizes the real-time acquisition of the displacement change data of the detection float caused by soil erosion, and accurately converts the displacement physical quantity into the corresponding electrical signal, providing high-precision raw data support for soil erosion monitoring. The detection end of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 extends into the interior of the sampling tube 10. The magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 is electrically connected to an external data acquisition terminal via wires. The overall design of this device aims to create an equipment that can adapt to the field environment for a long time. It can monitor the changes in soil erosion-deposition thickness at different points on the karst slope and realize the automatic recording and transmission of monitoring data. The outer side of the detection box 11 is provided with an openable rotating door 22. The rotating door 22 realizes the opening and closing control of the internal space of the detection box 11, which facilitates the installation, debugging, maintenance and repair of the components inside the detection box 11 by the operator. A sealing strip is provided at the opening and closing of the rotating door 22 and the detection box 11. The sealing strip seals and fills the gap at the opening and closing of the rotating door 22 and the detection box 11, preventing rainwater, mud, sand and dust in the field environment from entering the interior of the detection box 11 and ensuring the waterproof and dustproof sealing effect of the detection box 11. The rotating door 22 is equipped with a door lock structure on its surface. The door lock structure locks and fixes the rotating door 22 after it is closed, preventing unauthorized personnel from opening the rotating door 22 at will, protecting the precision components inside the detection box 11, and ensuring the safety of the device operation. The side wall of the detection box 11 is provided with a wire hole for the wire and flexible connector 9 to pass through. The wire hole provides a suitable channel for the connecting wire and flexible connector 9 to pass through the side wall of the detection box 11, ensuring smooth installation of the line and sampling tube 10, and at the same time facilitating the sealing treatment of the wire passage position. The side wall of the detection box 11 is connected to the sampling tube 10 via a flexible connector 9. The flexible connector 9 enables a flexible connection between the detection box 11 and the sampling tube 10, allowing for flexible bending and adjustment of the placement angle and insertion direction of the sampling tube 10 to adapt to local changes in the slope topography and ensure a tight fit between the sampling tube 10 and the slope soil. The flexible connector 9 is a bendable corrugated pipe structure, with both ends of the flexible connector 9 sealed to the side wall of the detection box 11 and the end of the sampling tube 10, respectively. The sampling tube 10 is a rigid tubular structure, which allows it to be inserted into the target soil layer for monitoring, providing in-situ sampling space for soil erosion monitoring and a carrier for the installation and movement of the detection float structure. This is the core structure for achieving in-situ monitoring of slope soil erosion. The sampling end of the sampling tube 10 has a conical opening structure. The surface of the tube body of the sampling tube 10 is treated with anti-corrosion and wear-resistant treatment. The inside of the sampling tube 10 is equipped with a detection float structure that cooperates with the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13. The detection float structure realizes the corresponding displacement as the erosion of the soil layer thickness inside the sampling tube 10 changes, providing a recognizable displacement signal source for the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13, ensuring the accuracy of soil erosion monitoring. Multiple support columns 14 are fixedly connected to the top of the bearing plate 1. The support columns 14 provide stable vertical support for the top plate 15, forming a protective space between the detection box 11 and the top plate 15, preventing the load of the top plate 15 from directly acting on the detection box 11, and ensuring the stability of the installation of the top plate 15. A top plate 15 is fixedly connected to the top of the support column 14. The top plate 15 provides an installation foundation for the rainwater diversion structure and also provides rain and sun protection for the top of the device, preventing rainwater from directly washing over the detection box 11 and the bearing plate 1, thus improving the device's adaptability to the field environment. The top plate 15 has a double-sloped roof structure, and connecting plates 24 are fixedly connected to both sides of the top plate 15. The connecting plates 24 reinforce the structural edges of the top plate 15 and improve the connection strength between the top plate 15, the support column 14, and the bearing plate 1, ensuring the double-sloped roof structure. To ensure overall stability, multiple guide blocks 17 are fixedly connected to the top of the top plate 15. A guide channel 18 is formed between two adjacent guide blocks 17. The guide blocks 17 guide and limit the falling rainwater. The guide channel 18 between adjacent guide blocks 17 provides a guiding path for the collection and flow of rainwater, avoiding the accumulation of rainwater on the surface of the top plate 15. The guide channel 18 guides and collects the rainwater on the surface of the top plate 15, smoothly guiding the rainwater into the water tank 20, thus completing the initial collection and guidance of rainwater during the rainfall process. A water-receiving trough 20 is provided on the top of the top plate 15. The water-receiving trough 20 temporarily accommodates the rainwater collected by the diversion channel 18, providing a buffer space for rainwater filtration and discharge, and preventing rainwater from directly washing the main structure of the device. The bottom of the diversion channel 18 is connected to the interior of the water-receiving trough 20. A filter screen 16 is fixedly connected to the top opening of the water-receiving trough 20. The filter screen 16 filters the rainwater entering the water-receiving trough 20, intercepting mud, fallen leaves, gravel and other debris carried in the rainwater, preventing debris from entering the water-receiving trough 20 and the water outlet 21 and causing blockage, thus ensuring the smooth flow of the rainwater diversion system. The edge of the filter screen 16 is completely fitted with the top opening edge of the water tank 20. The surface of the filter screen 16 has multiple evenly distributed filter holes 19. The filter holes 19 provide a channel for rainwater to pass through the filter screen 16, while intercepting debris with a particle size larger than the pore size of the filter holes 19. This ensures the normal flow of rainwater while achieving the effect of filtering debris. The inner wall of the water tank 20 has a water outlet 21. The water outlet 21 allows the rainwater collected in the water tank 20 to be discharged to the outside of the device through an external water pipe, completing the rainwater discharge operation and preventing rainwater from accumulating and overflowing in the water tank 20. The inner wall of the water outlet 21 is treated to prevent clogging.

[0013] Working principle: When using the device, first place the entire device at the pre-leveled monitoring point. Then, operate the multiple sets of terrain-adaptive support components at the bottom of the bearing plate 1 in sequence. Rotate the rotation handle 7 of the corresponding support component to drive the support rod 5 to rotate along the inside of the fixing ring 4. Adjust the length of the support rod 5 extending out of the cavity 3 of the receiving shell 2. According to the height difference of different positions on the karst slope, adjust the extension length of each set of support components independently so that the support foot 8 is completely in contact with the corresponding position on the slope. Simultaneously adjust the levelness of the bearing plate 1 until the bearing plate 1 is completely level. This completes the adaptive fixed installation of the device on the uneven karst slope, ensuring that the entire device is placed stably without shaking.

[0014] According to the depth requirements of slope soil erosion monitoring, the flexible connector 9 is bent, the layout angle and insertion direction of the sampling tube 10 are adjusted, and the conical sampling end of the sampling tube 10 is smoothly inserted into the target soil layer to ensure that the tube body of the sampling tube 10 is in close contact with the slope soil and the sampling end is completely buried in the pre-set monitoring depth. At the same time, the position of the detection end of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 is adjusted so that it corresponds to the detection float structure inside the sampling tube 10, thus completing the in-situ layout and installation of the sampling tube 10.

[0015] Open the rotating door 22 on the outside of the detection box 11, lead the connecting wire of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 out from the wire hole on the side wall of the detection box 11, and complete the electrical connection between the wire and the external data acquisition terminal. Organize the wiring in the internal storage cavity 25 of the detection box 11, and fix the wiring through the wiring structure on the inner wall of the storage cavity 25. Confirm that the power supply of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 is normal and the signal transmission link is unobstructed. Test the displacement response sensitivity of the detection float structure inside the sampling tube 10 to confirm that the monitoring sensing system can collect displacement signals normally. Complete the debugging of the monitoring system. After the debugging is completed, close the rotating door 22 and lock the rotating door 22 through the door lock structure to ensure the sealing and protection effect inside the detection box 11.

[0016] During rainfall, multiple sets of guide blocks 17 and guide channels 18 on the top of the top plate 15 guide and collect the falling rainwater, directing it into the water-receiving tank 20 of the top plate 15. The rainwater passes through the filter holes 19 of the filter screen 16 at the top of the water-receiving tank 20 and enters the interior of the water-receiving tank 20. The filter screen 16 simultaneously filters out mud, sand, fallen leaves, gravel and other debris carried in the rainwater, preventing debris from entering the interior of the water-receiving tank 20 and causing blockage. The rainwater entering the water-receiving tank 20 is discharged to the outside of the device through the water outlet 21 on the inner wall and the external water-guiding pipe, completing the rainwater diversion and protection operation of the device during rainfall.

[0017] During the long-term monitoring process of the device, when the soil on the slope of the karst mountain area is eroded and lost, the thickness of the soil layer in the sampling tube 10 changes with the erosion process, causing the detection float structure inside the sampling tube 10 to generate a corresponding displacement. The magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 collects the displacement change data of the detection float in real time, converts the displacement physical quantity into the corresponding electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the external data acquisition terminal in real time through the connecting wire, thus completing the in-situ, continuous monitoring and data acquisition of the slope soil erosion.

[0018] During the long-term operation of the device, the rotating door 22 of the detection box 11 is opened periodically to check the operating status of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 in the storage cavity 25, and the firmness of the wiring connection is checked and reinforced. The sampling tube 10 is periodically removed from the soil layer, and the accumulated soil and debris inside the tube are cleaned. After cleaning, the sampling tube 10 is repositioned to the original monitoring position. The debris attached to the surface of the filter screen 16 is cleaned periodically to ensure the unobstructed flow of the filter holes 19. At the same time, the monitoring accuracy of the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 is calibrated periodically, the fixed status of the terrain adaptive support component is checked, and the levelness of the bearing plate 1 is recalibrated to ensure the stability and data accuracy of the device's long-term monitoring.

[0019] After completing the soil erosion monitoring task on the target slope, first disconnect the line connection between the magnetostrictive sensing unit 13 and the external data acquisition terminal, organize and store the wires in the storage cavity 25 of the detection box 11, then smoothly pull the sampling tube 10 out of the soil layer, clean the soil and debris attached to the surface of the sampling tube 10 and the flexible connector 9, then rotate the rotating handle 7 of each set of terrain adaptive support components in the opposite direction, drive the support rod 5 back into the cavity 3 of the housing shell 2, complete the storage of the support foot 8, and finally transfer the entire device from the monitoring slope to complete the complete operation process of this soil erosion monitoring.

[0020] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing, comprising a support plate (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the support plate (1) is provided with a terrain adaptive support component for adapting to the slope terrain of karst mountainous areas. The top of the support plate (1) is fixedly connected to a detection box (11). The inside of the detection box (11) is provided with an erosion monitoring sensor component for soil erosion monitoring. The top of the support plate (1) is fixedly connected to multiple support columns (14). The top of the support columns (14) is fixedly connected to a top plate (15). The outside of the detection box (11) is provided with an openable rotating door (22). The side wall of the detection box (11) is connected to a sampling tube (10) through a flexible connector (9).

2. The soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain-adaptive support assembly includes a housing (2), a support rod (5), and a support foot (8). The top of the housing (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bearing plate (1). The housing (2) has a cavity (3) inside. A fixing ring (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity (3). The support rod (5) has a textured surface (23) on the outside. The support rod (5) is threaded to the inside of the fixing ring (4). A limiting plate (6) is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod (5). A support foot (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support rod (5). A rotating handle (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting plate (6).

3. The soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The erosion monitoring sensing component includes a partition (12) and a magnetostrictive sensing unit (13). The partition (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection box (11) and divides the interior of the detection box (11) into multiple storage cavities (25). The magnetostrictive sensing unit (13) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the storage cavity (25). The detection end of the magnetostrictive sensing unit (13) extends into the interior of the sampling tube (10). The magnetostrictive sensing unit (13) is electrically connected to an external data acquisition terminal through a wire.

4. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top plate (15) is fixedly connected to a plurality of flow guide blocks (17), and a flow guide groove (18) is formed between two adjacent flow guide blocks (17). A water tank (20) is provided on the top of the top plate (15). A filter screen (16) is fixedly connected to the top opening of the water tank (20). A plurality of evenly distributed filter holes (19) are provided on the surface of the filter screen (16). A water outlet hole (21) is provided on the inner wall of the water tank (20).

5. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the housing (2) is provided with a through hole for the support rod (5) to pass through. The outer diameter of the limiting plate (6) is larger than the inner diameter of the fixing ring (4). The outside of the limiting plate (6) is slidably connected to the inside of the cavity (3). The support foot (8) is a disc structure. The bottom surface of the support foot (8) is provided with anti-slip protrusions. Multiple terrain adaptive support components are symmetrically distributed at the bottom of the bearing plate (1).

6. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner wall of the test box (11) is waterproof and sealed. The opening and closing of the rotating door (22) and the test box (11) is provided with a sealing strip. The surface of the rotating door (22) is provided with a door lock structure. The partition (12) is made of insulating and heat-insulating material. The inner wall of the storage cavity (25) is provided with a cable management structure for fixing the line. The side wall of the test box (11) is provided with a wire hole for the wire and flexible connector (9) to pass through.

7. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top plate (15) has a double-sloped roof structure. Connecting plates (24) are fixedly connected to the two sides of the top plate (15). The bottom of the guide channel (18) is connected to the interior of the water tank (20). The inner wall of the water outlet (21) is treated to prevent clogging. The edge of the filter screen (16) is completely fitted with the top opening edge of the water tank (20).

8. A soil erosion monitoring device for karst mountain slopes based on magnetostrictive displacement sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible connector (9) is a bendable corrugated tube structure. The two ends of the flexible connector (9) are respectively sealed to the side wall of the detection box (11) and the end of the sampling tube (10). The sampling tube (10) is a rigid tubular structure. The sampling end of the sampling tube (10) is a conical opening structure. The surface of the sampling tube (10) is treated with anti-corrosion and wear resistance. The inside of the sampling tube (10) is equipped with a detection float structure that cooperates with the magnetostrictive sensing unit (13).

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