A method for calculating the inflation volume and exhaust rate of a pumped storage unit under water pressure regulation and phase modulation conditions

Abstract

This invention provides a method for calculating the air filling volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. The method includes: simplifying the air domain space formed after pressurized water phasing of the pumped-storage unit into an upper cylindrical region on the runner, a lower cylindrical region on the runner, and a conical region in the tailrace pipe; calculating the corresponding volume of each region using their geometric characteristics; determining the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each region and the solid volume occupied by the runner; determining a correction coefficient and performing correction based on a comparison with the results from modeling software to obtain the compressed air filling volume; and determining the exhaust rate based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area. This invention uses known structural dimensions to equivalently replace parameters that are difficult to measure, and utilizes a one-time modeling comparison and correction to achieve convenient and accurate calculation of the compressed air filling volume and exhaust rate under pressurized water phasing conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of gas volume and exhaust rate calculation technology, and more specifically, to a method for calculating the gas volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase adjustment conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped storage units, as important regulating power sources in the power grid, utilize pressurized water phase-regulating operation as an effective means to improve grid voltage stability. Under this operating condition, compressed air needs to be injected into the turbine chamber and tailrace pipe to lower the water level below the turbine, thereby reducing the resistance torque generated by the water on the turbine and thus reducing the unit's active power consumption, ensuring that the unit can effectively supply or absorb reactive power from the grid. Therefore, rationally determining the volume of compressed air injected and the exhaust rate during the return water exhaust phase is of great significance for the stable operation of the unit under pressurized water phase-regulating conditions and for the selection and design of auxiliary equipment.

[0003] Currently, various engineering methods exist for calculating the volume of complex geometric models. For example, point cloud data of the model's interior can be obtained through 3D scanning, and the volume of each slice can be summed to obtain the model's volume; or the volume of a compressed air energy storage tank can be obtained through numerical simulation considering factors such as temperature; or the spatial volume of the model can be obtained by constructing a 3D model and performing integral calculations. Furthermore, for tanks or liquid storage containers with regular geometric shapes, volume estimation can be performed through area integration or correction using empirical formulas.

[0004] However, pumped storage units are limited by the torsion of the turbine blades, and the free liquid surface position and water ring thickness in the tailrace under pressurized water phasing conditions are highly variable. This makes it difficult to accurately and efficiently measure the actual air domain volume with complex geometry and constantly changing liquid surface boundaries using conventional methods. Existing methods either rely on expensive scanning equipment and complex 3D modeling processes, or struggle to handle dynamically changing liquid surface boundary conditions. There is a lack of a convenient and accurate calculation method that can estimate the compressed air filling volume and exhaust rate using known structural parameters of the unit. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, this invention provides a method for calculating the air intake volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. This method solves the problem in the prior art where the complex turbine structure, water ring thickness, and tailwater level variations make it difficult to measure or rely on complex three-dimensional modeling, thus hindering the convenient and accurate calculation of the compressed air intake volume and exhaust rate under pressurized water phasing conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation is provided, comprising:

[0007] The air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase is simplified into the upper cylindrical area of ​​the runner, the lower cylindrical area of ​​the runner, and the straight conical area of ​​the tailrace pipe.

[0008] The volume of each region is calculated by utilizing the geometric characteristics of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe.

[0009] The air volume after deducting the solid volume is determined based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor.

[0010] The correction coefficients are determined and corrected based on the comparison with the results of the modeling software to obtain the compressed air filling volume;

[0011] The exhaust rate is determined based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the volume of each region is calculated using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the runner, the cylindrical region below the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The calculation also includes using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the runner to calculate its volume. Specifically:

[0013] The diameter of the cylindrical region on the runner is equivalently represented by the known parameters of the pumped storage unit. :

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, The distance from the origin of the coordinate system to the center of rotation of the guide vane is in meters (m). The thickness of the guide vane is in meters (m). This represents the percentage of the water ring thickness to the thickness of the bladeless area. Let be the diameter of the runner inlet, in meters (m).

[0017] Based on the diameter of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel after equivalent representation, a formula for calculating the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel is constructed to calculate the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel. :

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, The volume of the air domain in the leafless region is m. 3 ; Let m be the air volume in the rotor domain. 3 D is the diameter of the upper cylinder, in meters; B is the inlet height of the rotor, in meters.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the volume of each region is calculated using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region, the lower cylindrical region, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The calculation also includes using the geometric features of the lower cylindrical region to calculate its volume. Specifically:

[0021] The diameter of the cylindrical zone under the impeller is determined based on the diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet.

[0022] The height of the lower cylindrical zone of the impeller is determined by the distance from the bottom of the impeller inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet;

[0023] The volume of the cylindrical region under the impeller is calculated using a formula based on the diameter and height of the cylindrical region. :

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, The diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters (m). The distance from the bottom of the runner inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters (m).

[0026] In one possible implementation, the volume of each region is calculated using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The calculation also includes using the geometric features of the conical region of the tailrace pipe to calculate its volume. Specifically:

[0027] The volume of the air domain in the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is equivalent to a frustum of a cone.

[0028] The radius of the free liquid surface of the tailrace pipe is equivalently expressed based on the known parameters of the tailrace pipe. :

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, Where is the radius of the tailrace pipe inlet, in meters; The pressure depth is defined as the distance from the tailrace inlet to the free surface of the tailrace, in meters; H is the height of the straight conical section of the tailrace, in meters. The diameter ratio of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, The diameter of the bottom of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is in meters (m).

[0033] The volume of the tailrace conical region is calculated using a formula based on the equivalent free surface radius. :

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, Let be the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, in meters.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the air volume after deducting the solid volume is determined based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor, and further includes:

[0038] Obtain the weight and density of the rotor, and determine the solid volume of the rotor based on the ratio of the rotor weight to the rotor density;

[0039] The sum of the volumes of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe is correlated with the solid volume of the runner:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, Let be the weight of the wheel, t. The density of the impeller is t / m³. 3 .

[0042] In one possible implementation, the correction coefficient is determined and corrected based on a comparison with the results from the modeling software to obtain the accurate compressed air filling volume, and the method further includes:

[0043] The calculated air volume after deducting the solid volume is compared with the air volume obtained through modeling software. Based on the comparison results, a correction factor is determined and applied to obtain the compressed air filling volume.

[0044]

[0045] In the formula, This is a correction factor.

[0046] In one possible implementation, determining the exhaust rate based on the compressed air intake volume, exhaust duration, and exhaust pipe outlet area further includes:

[0047] Determine the set value for exhaust duration and the exhaust pipe outlet area;

[0048] Based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area, the ratio between the compressed air filling volume and the product of the exhaust time and exhaust pipe outlet area is determined, and the exhaust rate is obtained.

[0049] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a device for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation is also provided, comprising:

[0050] The area division module is configured to simplify the air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase of the water into a cylindrical area on the upper runner, a cylindrical area on the lower runner, and a conical area in the tailrace pipe.

[0051] The regional volume module is configured to calculate the volume of each region using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the upper runner, the cylindrical region below the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe.

[0052] An air volume module is configured to determine the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor.

[0053] The volume correction module is configured to determine and correct the correction coefficient based on the comparison with the modeling software results to obtain the compressed air filling volume.

[0054] The exhaust rate module is configured to determine the exhaust rate based on the compressed air intake volume, exhaust duration, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

[0055] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a device for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation is also provided, comprising at least one processing unit and at least one storage unit, wherein the storage unit stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processing unit, the processing unit performs the steps of any of the above-described methods for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation.

[0056] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a storage medium is also provided, which stores a computer program executable by a pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device. When the computer program is run on the pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device, the pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device performs the steps of the above-described pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation method.

[0057] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0058] This invention provides a method for calculating the air-filling volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. By dividing the irregularly shaped air domain after pressurized water phasing into three regular geometric regions—an upper cylindrical region on the impeller, a lower cylindrical region on the impeller, and a conical region in the tailrace pipe—the complex air domain volume, which was originally difficult to measure directly due to impeller blade distortion, is transformed into a regularly calculable geometric region. By using known structural dimensions to equivalently replace parameters that are difficult to measure, such as the thickness of the air domain in the bladeless region and the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, the reliance on complex measurement methods is reduced, allowing for the acquisition of initial volume estimates. This invention uses a method of determining correction coefficients by comparing with the results of modeling software. The correction coefficients are obtained through a one-time comparison and calibration, and once determined, they can be applied to operating conditions with different water ring thicknesses and pressurized water depths, eliminating the need for re-measurement or remodeling for each operating condition. Finally, based on the calculated compressed air filling volume, this invention combines the exhaust time and exhaust pipe outlet area to determine the exhaust rate, applying the air volume calculation results to the engineering estimation of the compressed air storage tank volume and the return water exhaust rate. Attached Figure Description

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment conditions provided by the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 A top-view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the pumped storage unit provided by the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 Provided by the present invention Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment that includes region A with guide vanes;

[0062] Figure 4 An example model and a simplified model side view of an embodiment of the pumped storage unit provided by the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment conditions provided by the present invention.

[0064] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equipment for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of the pumped storage unit under the pressure water phase adjustment condition, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0065] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0066] The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0067] This invention provides a method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation, which will be described below.

[0068] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation, provided by the present invention. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation is disclosed, including:

[0069] S101. The air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes water and adjusts the phase is simplified into the upper cylindrical area of ​​the runner, the lower cylindrical area of ​​the runner, and the straight conical area of ​​the tailrace pipe.

[0070] S102. Calculate the corresponding volume of each region using the geometric characteristics of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe.

[0071] S103. Determine the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor.

[0072] S104. Based on the comparison with the results of the modeling software, determine the correction coefficient and make corrections to obtain the compressed air filling volume;

[0073] S105. Determine the exhaust rate based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

[0074] In the above embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 Please refer to the top view diagram of an embodiment of the pumped storage unit provided by the present invention. Figure 3 , Figure 3 Provided by the present invention Figure 2 Please refer to the enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment that includes region A containing guide vanes. Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a side view of an example model and a simplified model of an embodiment of the pumped storage unit provided by the present invention. After pressurization and phasing, compressed air forces the water to the area below the runner, forming a continuous air domain within the runner chamber and tailrace pipe. In the runner section, this air domain is located inside the runner and in the bladeless area; in the tailrace pipe section, it is located above the liquid surface after pressurization. Due to the complex structure of the air domain in the runner region caused by the twisted shape of the blades, it is simplified by dividing it into an upper cylindrical region V1 and a lower cylindrical region V2. The upper cylindrical region corresponds to the air domain in the upper part of the runner and the bladeless area, while the lower cylindrical region corresponds to the air domain in the lower part of the runner. The tailrace pipe's conical region V3 has a frustum structure. After pressurization, the shape of its internal air domain matches the shape of the tailrace pipe's inner wall, also forming a frustum. Therefore, it is treated as a separate frustum region. The components in the figure are labeled as follows: 1-Runner, 2-Tailrace pipe, 3-Moving guide vane, 4-Gas-liquid interface, 5-Air, 6-Water.

[0075] For the cylindrical region on the runner, its volume is determined by the diameter and height of its base. The base diameter includes both the runner diameter and the thickness of the air zone in the bladeless section. The thickness of the air zone cannot be directly measured and varies dynamically with different operating conditions. Therefore, it is estimated using existing structural parameters of the pumped storage unit (such as the guide vane rotation center distance, guide vane thickness, and runner inlet diameter) and the percentage of the water ring thickness to the bladeless section thickness. The height is calculated using the known value of the runner inlet height. For the cylindrical region below the runner, its volume is determined by the tailrace inlet diameter and the distance from the bottom of the runner inlet to the tailrace inlet, both of which are known structural dimensions of the unit. For the tailrace conical section, it is considered a frustum, and its volume is determined by the tailrace inlet radius, the pressure depth, and the free surface radius of the tailrace. The free surface radius varies dynamically due to the pressure depth and cannot be directly measured. Therefore, it is estimated using existing structural parameters of the tailrace (tailrace inlet radius, conical section height, and conical section diameter ratio) combined with the pressure depth.

[0076] The sum of the volumes of the three regions mentioned above includes the space occupied by the rotor itself, while the actual air volume should exclude the rotor. The solid volume of the rotor is obtained by the ratio of the rotor's weight to its density, both of which are known unit parameters. Subtracting the rotor's solid volume from the sum of the volumes of the three regions yields the air volume after deducting the solid volume.

[0077] Since the upper and lower cylindrical regions of the impeller are simplified cylindrical representations of the air domain within the impeller area, and the actual impeller differs from a standard cylinder due to factors such as blade twisting, there is a fixed deviation between the air volume calculated by the simplified model and the actual volume. To address this issue, the air volume calculated in the above steps is compared with the air volume obtained through high-precision modeling software; the ratio of the two is the correction coefficient. This correction coefficient depends only on the fixed structural characteristics of the impeller itself and does not change with variations in operating parameters such as water ring thickness and pressurization depth. Multiplying the correction coefficient by the air volume after deducting the solid volume yields the air volume to be calculated in this application, i.e., the compressed air filling volume.

[0078] During the exhaust and return water phase after pressurized water phasing, compressed air needs to be released through the exhaust pipe. The physical meaning of exhaust velocity is the volumetric flow rate of air passing through a unit exhaust pipe outlet area per unit time. Therefore, the required exhaust velocity is obtained by dividing the determined compressed air filling volume by the product of the exhaust duration and the exhaust pipe outlet area. The exhaust duration is set according to the unit's operating requirements, and the exhaust pipe outlet area is a design parameter of the exhaust pipeline.

[0079] Compared with existing technologies, this embodiment provides a method for calculating the air filling volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. By dividing the irregularly shaped air domain after pressurized water phasing into three regular geometric regions—an upper cylindrical region on the impeller, a lower cylindrical region on the impeller, and a conical region in the tailrace pipe—the complex air domain volume, which was originally difficult to measure directly due to impeller blade distortion, is transformed into a regularly calculable geometric region. By using known structural dimensions to equivalently replace parameters that are difficult to measure, such as the thickness of the air domain in the bladeless region and the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, the reliance on complex measurement methods is reduced, allowing for the acquisition of initial volume estimates. This invention uses a method of determining correction coefficients by comparing with modeling software results. The correction coefficients are obtained through a one-time comparison and calibration, and once determined, they can be applied to operating conditions with different water ring thicknesses and pressurized water depths, eliminating the need for re-measurement or re-modeling for each operating condition. Finally, based on the calculated compressed air filling volume, this invention combines the exhaust time and exhaust pipe outlet area to determine the exhaust rate, applying the air volume calculation results to the engineering estimation of the compressed air storage tank volume and the return water exhaust rate.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume corresponding to each region is calculated using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the runner, the cylindrical region below the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The method further includes calculating the volume of the cylindrical region on the runner using the geometric features corresponding to the cylindrical region on the runner. Specifically:

[0081] The diameter of the cylindrical region on the runner is equivalently represented by the known parameters of the pumped storage unit. :

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, The distance from the origin of the coordinate system to the center of rotation of the guide vane is in meters (m). The guide vane thickness is in meters (m). This represents the percentage of the water ring thickness to the thickness of the bladeless region. Let the diameter of the runner inlet be in meters (m).

[0085] Based on the diameter of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel after equivalent representation, a formula for calculating the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel is constructed to calculate the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel. :

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, The volume of the air domain in the leafless region is m. 3 ; Let m be the air volume in the rotor domain. 3 D is the diameter of the upper cylinder, in meters; B is the inlet height of the rotor, in meters.

[0088] In the above embodiments, taking a pumped storage unit as an example, the runner inlet diameter... The diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet is 4.14 m. The inlet height B is 0.354 m, and the distance from the bottom of the inlet to the outlet is 2.013 m. The height H of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is 4.672 m, and the bottom diameter of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is 0.926 m. It is 2.788 m.

[0089] V1 represents the upper cylinder of the impeller section. Because the thickness of the air zone in the bladeless region changes dynamically due to operating conditions, it cannot be directly measured. Therefore, the diameter D of the upper cylinder is represented using known parameters of the unit:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, 2.536 m; 0.156 m; 4.14 m. This example shows the percentage of the water ring thickness to the thickness of the bladeless zone. The value is 53.6%. Therefore... 4.5 m.

[0093] The expression for the cylindrical region V1 on the rotating wheel is:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, 0.354 m. Therefore 0.865 m 3 +4.765 m 3 .

[0096] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume corresponding to each region is calculated using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region of the impeller, the lower cylindrical region of the impeller, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The method further includes calculating the volume of the lower cylindrical region of the impeller using the geometric features corresponding to that region. Specifically:

[0097] The diameter of the cylindrical zone under the impeller is determined based on the diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet.

[0098] The height of the lower cylindrical zone of the impeller is determined by the distance from the bottom of the impeller inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet;

[0099] The volume of the cylindrical region under the impeller is calculated using a formula based on the diameter and height of the cylindrical region. :

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, The diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters. The distance from the bottom of the runner inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters (m).

[0102] In the above embodiment, V2 is the lower cylinder of the rotating part, and its calculation formula is:

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, 2.013 m; 0.926 m. Therefore 2.95 m 3 .

[0105] In some embodiments of the present invention, the volume corresponding to each region is calculated using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region of the impeller, the lower cylindrical region of the impeller, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The method further includes calculating the volume of the conical region of the tailrace pipe using the geometric features corresponding to that region. Specifically:

[0106] The volume of the air domain in the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is equivalent to a frustum of a cone.

[0107] The radius of the free liquid surface of the tailrace pipe is equivalently expressed based on the known parameters of the tailrace pipe. :

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, Let the inlet radius of the tailrace pipe be in meters. The pressure depth is defined as the distance from the tailrace inlet to the free surface of the tailrace, in meters (m), and H is the height of the straight conical section of the tailrace, in meters (m). The diameter ratio of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is expressed as:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula, The diameter of the bottom of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is in meters (m).

[0112] The volume of the tailrace conical region is calculated using a formula based on the equivalent free surface radius. :

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, Let be the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, in meters.

[0116] In the above embodiment, V3 represents the volume of the air domain after water pressure in the tailrace section, which can be equivalent to a frustum of a cone. Due to the influence of the water pressure depth, the free liquid surface size of the tailrace pipe dynamically changes, making its liquid surface radius impossible to measure directly. Therefore, the free liquid surface radius of the tailrace pipe is... Represented using known parameters of the tailrace pipe:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, 1.007 m; 4.672 m; 1.385. The pressure depth in this example. The value is 2 m. Therefore... 1.173 m.

[0119] The tailrace pipe conical section V3 is represented as:

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] From the above formula, we can obtain that 7.48 m 3 .

[0123] In some embodiments of the present invention, determining the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume corresponding to each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor further includes:

[0124] Obtain the weight and density of the rotor, and determine the solid volume of the rotor based on the ratio of the rotor weight to the rotor density;

[0125] The sum of the volumes of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe is correlated with the solid volume of the runner:

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, Let be the weight of the wheel, t. The density of the impeller is t / m³. 3 .

[0128] In the above embodiment, the total volume of the calculated model includes the solid volume. To obtain the air domain volume, the solid volume needs to be subtracted. The solid volume is only the volume of the rotor; therefore, the calculation formula is:

[0129] In the formula, 35 t; 7.9 t / m 3 Therefore 11.63 m 3 .

[0130] In some embodiments of the present invention, a correction coefficient is determined and corrected based on a comparison with the results of modeling software to obtain the accurate compressed air filling volume, and the method further includes:

[0131] The calculated air volume after deducting the solid volume is compared with the air volume obtained through modeling software. Based on the comparison results, a correction factor is determined and applied to obtain the compressed air filling volume.

[0132]

[0133] In the formula, This is a correction factor.

[0134] In the above embodiment, the calculated model is compared with the air volume obtained by the modeling software, and a correction coefficient is proposed to obtain the accurate air volume. This correction only applies to the air volume inside the impeller, and its value does not change with changes in operating parameters such as water ring thickness and depressurization depth. The expression is:

[0135]

[0136] The modeling software yielded an air volume of 14.8 m³. 3Therefore, for the correction factor The corrected calculation model yields an air volume of 1.964. 14.796 m 3 .

[0137] In some embodiments of the present invention, determining the exhaust rate based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area further includes:

[0138] Determine the set value for exhaust duration and the exhaust pipe outlet area;

[0139] Based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area, the ratio between the compressed air filling volume and the product of the exhaust time and exhaust pipe outlet area is determined, and the exhaust rate is obtained.

[0140] In the above embodiments, the exhaust rate during the pressurized water phase adjustment exhaust and return water stage is affected by the exhaust duration and the exhaust pipe outlet area, and the calculation formula is:

[0141]

[0142] In the formula, the exhaust time is... Set to 30 s; exhaust pipe area 0.022 m 2 Therefore, the scheduling rate is 22.42 m / s.

[0143] To better implement the calculation method for the charging volume and exhaust rate of the pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions in the embodiments of the present invention, based on the calculation method for the charging volume and exhaust rate of the pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions, please refer to the corresponding method. Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the device for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation provided by the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides a device 500 for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation, comprising:

[0144] The area division module 510 is configured to simplify the air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase of the water into a cylindrical area on the upper runner, a cylindrical area on the lower runner, and a conical area in the tailrace pipe.

[0145] The regional volume module 520 is configured to calculate the volume of each region using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the runner, the cylindrical region below the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe.

[0146] Air volume module 530 is configured to determine the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor;

[0147] The volume correction module 540 is configured to determine and correct the correction coefficient based on the comparison with the modeling software results to obtain the compressed air filling volume.

[0148] The exhaust rate module 550 is configured to determine the exhaust rate based on the compressed air intake volume, exhaust duration, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

[0149] It should be noted that the device 500 provided in the above embodiments can implement the technical solutions described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation principles of the above modules or units can be found in the corresponding content in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the above-described method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions, the present invention also provides a corresponding device for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. This device can be a mobile terminal, desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or server, etc. The device 600 for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions includes a processor 610, a memory 620, and a display 630. Figure 6 Only a portion of the components of the synchronous tracking flight welding equipment for real-time battery altitude measurement are shown; however, it should be understood that implementation of all shown components is not required, and more or fewer components may be implemented instead.

[0151] In some embodiments, the memory 620 may be an internal storage unit of the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phasing operation condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600, such as a hard disk or memory of the device. In other embodiments, the memory 620 may be an external storage device of the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phasing operation condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600, such as a pluggable hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc., equipped on the device. Furthermore, the memory 620 may include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phasing operation condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600. The memory 620 is used to store application software and various data installed on the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600, such as the program code for the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600. The memory 620 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output. In one embodiment, the memory 620 stores a pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation program 640, which can be executed by the processor 610 to implement the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation method of the various embodiments of this application.

[0152] In some embodiments, processor 610 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, or other data processing chip, used to run program code stored in memory 620 or process data, such as executing a method for calculating the gas volume and exhaust rate under the pumped storage unit's pressurized water phase adjustment condition.

[0153] In some embodiments, display 630 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-screen liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen. Display 630 is used to display information from the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phasing operation condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600, and to display a visual user interface. Components 610-630 of the pumped-storage unit's pressurized water phasing operation condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device 600 communicate with each other via a system bus.

[0154] In one embodiment, when the processor 610 executes the program 640 in the memory 620 for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of the pumped-storage unit under the pressure-water phase-adjustment operation, the steps in the above-mentioned method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of the pumped-storage unit under the pressure-water phase-adjustment operation are implemented.

[0155] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation. When this program is executed by a processor, it performs the following steps:

[0156] The air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase is simplified into the upper cylindrical area of ​​the runner, the lower cylindrical area of ​​the runner, and the straight conical area of ​​the tailrace pipe.

[0157] The volume of each region is calculated by utilizing the geometric characteristics of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe.

[0158] The air volume after deducting the solid volume is determined based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor.

[0159] The correction coefficients are determined and corrected based on the comparison with the results of the modeling software to obtain the compressed air filling volume;

[0160] The exhaust rate is determined based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

[0161] In summary, this embodiment provides a method for calculating the air filling volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phasing conditions. By dividing the irregularly shaped air domain after pressurized water phasing into three regular geometric regions—an upper cylindrical region, a lower cylindrical region, and a conical region in the tailrace pipe—the complex air domain volume, which was originally difficult to measure directly due to the twisting of the runner blades, is transformed into a regularly calculable geometric region. By using known structural dimensions to equivalently replace parameters that are difficult to measure, such as the thickness of the air domain in the bladeless region and the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, the reliance on complex measurement methods is reduced, thus obtaining an initial volume estimate. This invention uses a method of determining correction coefficients by comparing with the results of modeling software. The correction coefficients are obtained through a one-time comparison and calibration, and once determined, they can be applied to operating conditions with different water ring thicknesses and pressurized water depths, without the need for re-measurement or modeling for each operating condition. Finally, based on the calculated compressed air filling volume, this invention combines the exhaust time and exhaust pipe outlet area to determine the exhaust rate, and applies the air volume calculation results to the engineering estimation of the compressed air storage tank volume and the return water exhaust rate.

[0162] Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, any type of disk, including floppy disks, optical disks, DVDs, CD-ROMs, microdrives, as well as magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic cards or optical cards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type of medium or device suitable for storing instructions and / or data.

[0163] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0164] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0165] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some service interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0166] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0167] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0168] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned memory includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage device.

[0170] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of embodiments of this disclosure upon considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described herein. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

[0171] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0172] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation, characterized in that, include: The air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase is simplified into the upper cylindrical area of ​​the runner, the lower cylindrical area of ​​the runner, and the straight conical area of ​​the tailrace pipe. The volume of each region is calculated by utilizing the geometric characteristics of the upper cylindrical region of the runner, the lower cylindrical region of the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. The air volume after deducting the solid volume is determined based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor. The correction coefficients are determined and corrected based on the comparison with the results of the modeling software to obtain the compressed air filling volume; The exhaust rate is determined based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

2. The method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the volume corresponding to each region using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region, the lower cylindrical region, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe also includes calculating the volume of the upper cylindrical region using the geometric features corresponding to the upper cylindrical region. Specifically: The diameter of the cylindrical region on the runner is equivalently represented by the known parameters of the pumped storage unit. : ， In the formula, The distance from the origin of the coordinate system to the center of rotation of the guide vane is in meters (m). The thickness of the guide vane is in meters (m). This represents the percentage of the water ring thickness to the thickness of the bladeless area. Let the diameter of the runner inlet be in meters (m). Based on the diameter of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel after equivalent representation, a formula for calculating the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel is constructed to calculate the volume of the cylindrical region on the rotating wheel. : ， In the formula, The volume of the air domain in the leafless region is m. 3 ; Let m be the air volume in the rotor domain. 3 D is the diameter of the upper cylinder, in meters; B is the inlet height of the rotor, in meters.

3. The method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the volume corresponding to each region using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region, the lower cylindrical region, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe also includes calculating the volume of the lower cylindrical region using the geometric features corresponding to the lower cylindrical region. Specifically: The diameter of the cylindrical zone under the impeller is determined based on the diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet. The height of the lower cylindrical zone of the impeller is determined by the distance from the bottom of the impeller inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet; The volume of the cylindrical region under the impeller is calculated using a formula based on the diameter and height of the cylindrical region. : ， In the formula, The diameter of the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters (m). The distance from the bottom of the runner inlet to the tailrace pipe inlet is in meters (m).

4. The method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the volume corresponding to each region using the geometric features of the upper cylindrical region of the impeller, the lower cylindrical region of the impeller, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe also includes calculating the volume of the conical region of the tailrace pipe using the geometric features corresponding to the conical region of the tailrace pipe. Specifically: The volume of the air domain in the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is equivalent to a frustum of a cone. The radius of the free liquid surface of the tailrace pipe is equivalently expressed based on the known parameters of the tailrace pipe. : ， In the formula, Where is the radius of the tailrace pipe inlet, in meters; The pressure depth is defined as the distance from the tailrace inlet to the free surface of the tailrace, in meters; H is the height of the straight conical section of the tailrace, in meters. The diameter ratio of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is expressed as: ， In the formula, The diameter of the bottom of the straight conical section of the tailrace pipe is in meters (m). The volume of the tailrace conical region is calculated using a formula based on the equivalent free surface radius. : ， In the formula, Let be the radius of the free liquid surface in the tailrace pipe, in meters.

5. The method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor also includes: Obtain the weight and density of the rotor, and determine the solid volume of the rotor based on the ratio of the rotor weight to the rotor density; The sum of the volumes of the upper cylindrical region of the impeller, the lower cylindrical region of the impeller, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe is correlated with the solid volume of the impeller: ， In the formula, Let t be the weight of the wheel; The density of the impeller is t / m³. 3 .

6. The method for calculating the charging volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of determining and correcting the correction coefficient based on the comparison with the modeling software results to obtain the compressed air filling volume also includes: The calculated air volume after deducting the solid volume is compared with the air volume obtained through modeling software. Based on the comparison results, a correction factor is determined and applied to obtain the compressed air filling volume. ， In the formula, This is a correction factor.

7. The method for calculating the aeration volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of determining the exhaust rate based on the compressed air filling volume, exhaust time, and exhaust pipe outlet area further includes: Determine the set value for exhaust duration and the exhaust pipe outlet area; Based on the compressed air filling volume, the exhaust time, and the exhaust pipe outlet area, the ratio between the compressed air filling volume and the product of the exhaust time and the exhaust pipe outlet area is determined to obtain the exhaust rate.

8. A device for calculating the aeration volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-changing operation, characterized in that, include: The area division module is configured to simplify the air domain space formed after the pumped storage unit pressurizes and adjusts the phase of the water into a cylindrical area on the upper runner, a cylindrical area on the lower runner, and a conical area in the tailrace pipe. The regional volume module is configured to calculate the volume of each region using the geometric features of the cylindrical region on the upper runner, the cylindrical region below the runner, and the conical region of the tailrace pipe. An air volume module is configured to determine the air volume after deducting the solid volume based on the calculated volume of each zone and the solid volume occupied by the rotor. The volume correction module is configured to determine and correct the correction coefficient based on the comparison with the modeling software results to obtain the compressed air filling volume. An exhaust rate module is configured to determine the exhaust rate based on the compressed air intake volume, exhaust duration, and exhaust pipe outlet area.

9. A device for calculating the aeration volume and exhaust rate of a pumped-storage unit under pressurized water phase-adjustment operation, characterized in that, It includes at least one processing unit and at least one storage unit, wherein the storage unit stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processing unit, the processing unit performs the steps of the method for calculating the air volume and exhaust rate of the pumped storage unit under the pressure water phase adjustment condition as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program that can be executed by a pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device. When the computer program runs on the pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device, the pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation device performs the steps of the pumped-storage unit pressurized water phase-adjustment operating condition air volume and exhaust rate calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images