A lock system design method based on combination principle
By designing a lock system based on the principle of combination, and utilizing the combination of recessed layers, tumbler stacking, and tumbler pairs, the complex logic of one key for multiple locks and multiple keys for one lock is realized. This solves the problems of battery depletion in electronic locks and the complexity of emergency key management, and improves the security and flexibility of the lock system.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANXI AIKESISI MEASUREMENT & CONTROL TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
The frequent use of existing electronic and smart locks in campus office buildings leads to battery depletion, and the management of emergency keys is complicated, requiring custodians to work around the clock, resulting in a lack of security and flexibility.
The lock system is designed based on the principle of combination. It utilizes a recessed hierarchical design method and the combination of tumbler stacks and tumbler pairs. The key access is determined by the combination of tumblers in the lock cylinder, realizing the complex logic of one key for multiple locks and multiple keys for one lock. The variable tooth design of the key adapts to diversity and reduces the shearing resistance of the lock.
It improves the security and flexibility of the lock system, solves the problem of electronic lock battery depletion, realizes multi-key hierarchical management, simplifies emergency key management, and reduces the workload of custodians.
Smart Images
Figure CN122490799A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical system mechanism design technology, and in particular to a lock system design method based on the principle of combination. Background Technology
[0002] With the advancement of electronic technology, the lock industry has gradually shifted from mechanical locks to electronic and smart locks, bringing great convenience to people's lives. However, both electronic and smart locks rely on dry cell batteries, which can lead to situations such as battery depletion and electronic component malfunctions. This is especially true in campus office buildings, where numerous people occupy each room and frequently enter other areas such as meeting rooms, laboratories, libraries, and lounges, resulting in frequent operation of electronic and smart locks and an increased probability of battery depletion. Therefore, emergency key custodians typically carry a large keychain to handle these situations. They must be present whenever the lock loses power or malfunctions. For security reasons, this mechanical emergency keychain cannot be kept by multiple people, which, in a sense, requires the custodian to be on call around the clock. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art and to provide a lock system design method based on the principle of combination.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a lock system design method based on the principle of combination, comprising: The lock system includes the lock and the key. The matching design of the lock cylinder and the key adopts a recessed hierarchical design method. The combination of pins in the pin holes of the lock cylinder includes two forms: pin stacking and pin pairs. The key's unlocking authority is determined by the combination of pins in the lock cylinder, and it can only open lock cylinders of the same level and lower.
[0005] Furthermore, the tumbler stacking involves placing several discs between two upper and lower tumblers within the same tumbler hole, with the disc thickness being less than or equal to 1 / ( the height of the corresponding maximum key tooth). n -1), n The key tooth height level corresponds to the key position; the pin pair is formed by setting only two pins, one above the other, in the same pin hole and the two pins are in direct contact.
[0006] Furthermore, the upper and lower surfaces of the disc are parallel, and the periphery is a curved surface formed by rotating the minor axis arc of an ellipse 360° around the central axis of the disc. The eccentricity e of the ellipse is between 0.95 and 1. The middle of the ball is cylindrical, and the outer shapes of both ends are the same as the remaining half after the disc is cut crosswise. When the length of the cylindrical part of the ball is 0, the ball becomes a disc. The purpose of this design is to ensure the consistency of the processing technology of the ball and the disc. The purpose of the disc design is to accommodate the variable teeth of the key. As long as the variable teeth are in the key-inserted state, the shearing surface of the lock cylinder is located on the curved surface of the disc (excluding the intersection of the major axis of the ellipse and the elliptical arc, i.e., the critical point), the lock can be easily opened. This gives the variable teeth a great deal of freedom in design. Without considering manufacturing errors, the shearing surface of the lock cylinder is located on the parallel surface of the disc. Even under accidental conditions, if the critical point is encountered, it can be moved away from the critical point position by shaking the lock cylinder or the key. Since the combinations of one key for multiple locks and multiple keys for one lock are diverse, in order to ensure that various authorized combinations can unlock normally, the common feature of the pin discs and pin pairs is that the contact surface when the unlocking shear force cuts in is designed as an arc surface, so as to reduce the shear resistance when unlocking.
[0007] Furthermore, the lock system design method based on the combination principle is characterized in that the key tooth height levels are: n At that time, the number of discs stacked in the corresponding lock cylinder pin hole is: n -1; Maximum key tooth height is H At that time, the thickness of the disc .
[0008] Furthermore, the sunken hierarchical design method is as follows: The lock cylinder's hierarchy is determined by the number of stacked pins within it. The fewer the number of stacked pins within the same lock cylinder, the higher the lock cylinder's hierarchy, and the fewer keys are required to open that lock cylinder. The key teeth include fixed teeth and variable teeth. The key's access level is determined by the number of fixed teeth corresponding to the pin pairs within the lock cylinder. The more fixed teeth, the higher the key's access level. The lock cylinders are ranked from highest to lowest as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..., and the keys are ranked from highest to lowest as Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ...; keys with the same level of access can open locks of the same level; keys with higher access can conditionally open locks of lower levels, and lock cylinders of higher levels can never be opened by keys with lower access. For 5-pin lock systems: Lock cylinder design: Level 1 lock cylinder has 5 pin pairs, Level 2 lock cylinder has 4 pin pairs + 1 pin stack, Level 3 lock cylinder has 3 pin pairs + 2 pin stack, and so on; the number of discs in the pin stack is equal to the key tooth height level at the corresponding position minus 1; Key design: Class I key has 5 fixed teeth, Class II key has 4 fixed teeth + 1 variable tooth, Class III key has 3 fixed teeth + 2 variable teeth, and so on; the variable teeth refer to the key teeth other than the fixed teeth, and their height is set to any value within the preset maximum key tooth height.
[0009] A Class I key can open Class I, Class II, and Class III lock cylinders; a Class II key can open Class II and Class III lock cylinders; a Class III key can open Class III lock cylinders, and so on. For a level 2 lock cylinder, any one of the five pin holes is set to be a stack of pins, as long as the fixed teeth of the level 2 key correspond to the pins; for a level 3 lock cylinder, any two of the five pin holes are set to be a stack of pins, as long as the fixed teeth of the level 3 key correspond to the pins; and so on; thus achieving diversification of key-lock combination design at the same level.
[0010] Furthermore, the number of keys that can open a lock cylinder is determined by the number of stacked pins inside the lock cylinder and the number of key tooth height levels at the corresponding positions, specifically: Assuming the lock cylinder is equipped with k The stack of pins corresponds to the key teeth height at the specified positions. n If the lock is rated as a certain level, then the number of keys that can open the lock cylinder is [number missing]. When the number of pins stacked in the lock cylinder is zero, only one key can open the lock cylinder. The simplified calculation is as follows: ; If the key tooth height at the corresponding position of the pin stack is divided into 4 levels, then for a lock cylinder with one pin stack, there can be a maximum of For a lock cylinder with two stacked pins, the key can have a maximum of [number missing]. Take the key, and so on.
[0011] Furthermore, the number of lock cylinders that a key can open is determined by the number of teeth on the key, specifically: Assuming the key is set with m If there are 1 key tooth, then the key can open a maximum of 1000 keys. Lock it; The simplified calculation is as follows: ; For the key with the aforementioned 5 teeth, it can open a maximum of [number] doors. Lock it.
[0012] Furthermore, the design method is applicable to various pin tumbler lock systems, including those with single-sided keys, cross keys, and crescent keys.
[0013] The present invention employs the above-mentioned lock system design method based on the combination principle, and its beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The present invention solves the problem of orderly layering of key tooth height by means of the design of stacked pins, and the pin holes of the lock cylinder are all solid pins, which increases the security of the lock system compared with the existing combination of empty pin holes; (2) This invention solves the hierarchical and security problems of multi-key unlocking by using a hierarchical design of key access (or lock cylinder level); (3) Without changing the basic structure of the existing pin tumbler lock system, the present invention realizes the complex logic of one key opening multiple locks and multiple keys opening one lock, and also solves several problems of electronic locks and smart locks under the condition of battery depletion. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a key-lock cylinder design matching diagram for a lock system design method based on the combination principle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pin stacking design of a lock system design method based on the combination principle of the present invention; wherein, h 1 represents the disc thickness. d The diameters of the pin and the disc; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pin pair design of a lock system design method based on the combination principle of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of a pin tumbler pair and a key tooth in a lock system design method based on the principle of combination according to the present invention; wherein, 1 is a pin tumbler hole, 2 is a pin tumbler pair, and 3 is a key tooth. H Maximum key tooth height; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of pin stacks and key teeth in a lock system design method based on the combination principle of the present invention; wherein, 4 is a disc and 5 is a pin stack; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of multiple tumbler stacks and key teeth in a lock system design method based on the combination principle of the present invention; wherein, 6 is the secondary lock cylinder design group (dashed line), 7 is the tertiary lock cylinder design group (single dotted line), and 8 is the quaternary lock cylinder design group (double dotted line). Detailed Implementation
[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.
[0016] Example Design Background: Suppose that a certain floor of an office building in a certain school houses faculty, staff, and students of a certain college, including leaders, teachers, and students (graduate students). This floor contains rooms such as single offices, meeting rooms, student laboratories, a library, and a rest room.
[0017] Example 1: An embodiment of the present invention provides a lock system design method based on the principle of combination, for a campus building system that is only equipped with mechanical locks and each person is only equipped with one key.
[0018] The lock cylinder and key matching design adopts a recessed hierarchical design method, such as... Figure 1 As shown.
[0019] In this embodiment, the lock cylinder level is set to level one, two, three, four, and five, and the key access level is set to level I.
[0020] The ball stacking in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the number of discs is set to 3, and the disc height is... , H The maximum key tooth height for variable teeth; ball pairs such as Figure 3 As shown, the length of the lower pin corresponds to the height of the key teeth; the key is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the key tooth height levels are 4.
[0021] 1. The design of the lock cylinder is shown in Table 1: Table 1 Lock Cylinder Design Combinations
[0022] Where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, j = 2, 3, 4, k = 3, 4; "Pill stack a" indicates that in addition to the fixed-length upper and lower pins, three discs are also installed in pin hole A; "Pill stack b" and "Pill stack c" have the same meaning; "Pill stacks a, b, c, d" are placed in the corresponding pin holes in the order shown in Table 1, as follows: Figure 6 As shown.
[0023] 2. Key design: According to Table 1, the number of fixed teeth on a Class I key is 5, combined with the attached... Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 The key tooth height can be set to four levels: 1, 2, 3, and 4.
[0024] (1) Set the key tooth A as shown in Table 2, and then you can design The key and four locks are suitable for the executive office.
[0025] Table 2 Class I Key Design Combinations-1
[0026] The specific lock cylinder-key design combination is shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The fixed teeth in Table 2 correspond one-to-one with the pin pairs in Table 1.
[0027] (2) Set the key teeth A and B as shown in Table 3, and then you can design Includes a key and 12 locks, suitable for teachers' offices.
[0028] Table 3 Class I Key Design Combinations - 2
[0029] In the table, \ indicates that this fixed tooth is not involved; The specific lock cylinder-key design combination is shown in Table 1 and Table 3. The fixed teeth in Table 3 correspond one-to-one with the pin pairs in Table 1.
[0030] (3) Set the key teeth A, B, and C as shown in Table 4, and then you can design Includes keys and 24 locks, suitable for student offices.
[0031] Table 4 Class I Key Design Combinations - 3
[0032] The specific lock cylinder-key design combination is shown in Table 1 and Table 4. The fixed teeth in Table 4 correspond one-to-one with the pin pairs in Table 1.
[0033] In summary, the key and lock cylinder matching in this embodiment is shown in Table 5, achieving the design requirements of a recessed design without disrupting access permissions. Level II and Level III keys can also be designed for use by cleaners and administrators, but these will not be repeated here.
[0034] Table 5 Examples of Key-Lock Cylinder Matching Designs
[0035] Example 2: Design for installing an electronic lock on a room door, where the mechanical key is only a backup key.
[0036] In this example, the lock cylinder level is set to level two, three, four, and five, and the key access level is set to level two, three, and four. The other settings for the key and lock cylinder in this example are the same as in Example 1.
[0037] 1. The design of the office lock cylinder, and the specific design combination are shown in Table 6.
[0038] Table 6 Matching Lock Cylinder Design Combinations
[0039] 2. The design of the spare key is shown in Table 7.
[0040] Table 7 Spare Key Design Combinations
[0041] Where j = 2, 3, 4, and k = 3, 4; The lock cylinder design for the public area rooms is the same as described in Implementation Examples 1 and 2, and will not be repeated here.
[0042] In this embodiment, the college can have up to 3 spare keys to open all doors. Different levels of spare keys open different levels of doors, which not only ensures the security of the building and rooms, but also solves the emergency problem of electronic lock batteries running out of power or malfunctioning. It also frees up emergency custodians from working around the clock.
[0043] Example 3: Adjustment of the order of the pin holes.
[0044] The designs of the above embodiments one and two are carried out in the order of the ball hole positions A, B, C, D, E. If the order of the ball hole positions is adjusted to B, C, D, E, A or C, D, E, A, B or other, while the ball stacking and the filling method and order of the ball pairs remain unchanged, other design combinations can be achieved.
[0045] For a commonly used 5-pin tumbler lock system, under the same conditions as in Examples 1 and 2, a lock cylinder with one tumbler stack can have a maximum of [number missing]. For a lock cylinder with two stacked pins, the key can have a maximum of [number missing]. For a lock cylinder with a 3-pin stack, the key can have a maximum of [number missing]. One key, and so on; with the same key, a maximum of [number] can be opened. Lock it.
[0046] Therefore, this invention adopts the above-mentioned lock system design method based on the principle of combination. Through the design of stacked pins, it efficiently solves the problem of orderly layering of key tooth height, and the pin holes in the lock cylinder are all solid pins. Compared with the existing combination of empty pin holes, it increases the security of the lock system. Through the layered design of key access (or lock cylinder level), it solves the hierarchical and security problems of multi-key unlocking. Without changing the basic structure of the existing pin tumbler lock system, it realizes the complex logic of one key opening multiple locks and multiple keys opening one lock, and also solves several problems of electronic locks and smart locks under the condition of battery depletion.
[0047] It is worth noting that all contents not described in detail in this invention are existing technologies and are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lock system design method based on the principle of combination, the lock system comprising a lock and a key, characterized in that, The lock cylinder and key matching design adopts a recessed hierarchical design method. The pin combinations in the lock cylinder pin holes include two forms: pin stacking and pin pairs. The key's unlocking authority is determined by the combination of pins in the lock cylinder, and it can only open lock cylinders of the same level and lower.
2. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tumbler stacking consists of several discs placed between two upper and lower tumblers within the same tumbler hole. The thickness of the discs is less than or equal to 1 / ( the height of the maximum key tooth of the corresponding key). n -1), n The key tooth height level corresponds to the key position; the pin pair is formed by setting only two pins, one upper and one lower, in the same pin hole and the two pins are in direct contact.
3. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the disc are parallel, and the periphery is a curved surface formed by rotating the minor axis arc of an ellipse 360° along the central axis of the disc. The eccentricity e of the ellipse is between 0.95 and 1. The middle of the ball is cylindrical, and the shape of both ends is the same as the remaining half after the disc is cut horizontally.
4. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The key tooth height level is n At that time, the number of discs stacked in the corresponding lock cylinder pin hole is: n -1; Maximum key tooth height is H At that time, the thickness of the disc .
5. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sunken hierarchical design method is as follows: The lock cylinder's hierarchy is determined by the number of stacked pins within it. The fewer the number of stacked pins within the same lock cylinder, the higher the lock cylinder's hierarchy, and the fewer keys are required to open that lock cylinder. The key teeth include fixed teeth and variable teeth. The key's access level is determined by the number of fixed teeth corresponding to the pin pairs within the lock cylinder. The more fixed teeth, the higher the key's access level. The variable tooth refers to the key tooth other than the fixed tooth, whose key tooth height is set to any height value within the preset maximum key tooth height.
6. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of keys that can open a lock cylinder is determined by the number of tumblers stacked inside the lock cylinder and the number of key tooth height levels at the corresponding positions, specifically: Assuming the lock cylinder is equipped with k The stack of pins corresponds to the key teeth height at the specified positions. n If the lock is rated as a certain level, then the number of keys that can open the lock cylinder is [number missing]. ; When the number of pins in the lock cylinder is zero, only one key can open the lock cylinder.
7. The lock system design method based on the combination principle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of lock cylinders that a key can open is determined by the number of teeth on the key, specifically: Assuming the key is set with m If there are 1 key tooth, then the key can open a maximum of 1000 keys. Lock it.