A method, device and equipment for simulating and optimizing geometric parameters of a fuse link, and a storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse. The method includes: determining the fuse based on a customized rated current and geometric parameters; constructing a fusing characteristic curve; shifting the fusing characteristic curve to both sides to obtain two error curves; performing finite element modeling based on material and geometric parameters to obtain a simulation model; deploying a simulation of the electro-thermal multiphysics field; applying an excitation current to the simulated fuse to construct the simulation curve; if the simulation curve is not between the two error curves, updating the geometric parameters according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse to re-determine the fuse; and completing the simulation until the simulation curve falls between the two error curves. Thus, by solving the problem through electro-thermal multiphysics coupling at the physical level, the temperature rise process of the fuse and the melting point of the material are obtained. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the fuse, the final fuse can fully guarantee the stable operation of the power grid and power equipment while meeting customized requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power equipment simulation, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse. Background Technology

[0002] Fuses are simple protective devices commonly used in medium and low voltage power distribution. Connected in series in a circuit, they automatically melt and break the current to protect equipment in the event of a short circuit or overload. They offer advantages such as simple structure, convenient maintenance, and low cost. The fuse element, as the core component of a fuse, directly determines the fuse's response speed, breaking capacity, and service life based on its material properties, dimensional parameters, and fusing characteristics, making it crucial for the reliability of circuit protection. However, in practical applications, fuse malfunctions and failures to trip are frequent problems. The core issue lies in the insufficient overload capacity of the fuse element or the exceeding of the rated fusing current, causing the fuse to fail to perform its protective function properly. In severe cases, this can lead to the burnout of electrical equipment, resulting in major safety accidents and economic losses.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of unified standards for fuse size design. Different manufacturers produce products with varying types and break sizes, resulting in inconsistent performance. Furthermore, the industry has not invested sufficient effort in in-depth research. At the same time, different application scenarios have varying requirements for the precision and controllability of fuses, and current designs struggle to meet customized requirements. This leads to low fuse pass rates, hindering the improvement of fuse protection performance and failing to fully guarantee the stable operation of the power grid and electrical equipment.

[0004] Therefore, how to design the size of fuses to meet customized needs while ensuring the stable operation of the power grid and power equipment is an issue that needs attention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, this application provides a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, so as to fully ensure the stable operation of the power grid and power equipment while meeting customized needs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the following specific solutions are proposed:

[0007] A method for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse element, comprising:

[0008] The fuse element is determined based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters;

[0009] By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, a fusing characteristic curve of the fuse is constructed, and the fusing characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves.

[0010] Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, a finite element model is performed on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element includes a simulation fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module.

[0011] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module.

[0012] In the fuse simulation environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse characteristic curve.

[0013] If the simulated fuse characteristic curve lies between the two translation error curves, the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse is completed; otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and the process of determining the fuse based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters is returned.

[0014] Optionally, the single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse;

[0015] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module, including:

[0016] In the current field module, a target current field matching the fuse is determined, and one end of the fuse is set as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0017] In the solid heat transfer field module, the generalized source mode is set to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode is set to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material to complete the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0018] In the electromagnetic field module, a preset electric field is determined, and the preset electric field is coupled to the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusing simulation environment.

[0019] Optionally, the parameter settings in the solid heat transfer field module satisfy the constraint conditions, which are:

[0020]

[0021] in, The heat flow rate passing through the simulated fuse per unit time is [value missing]. The Joule heat flux generated per unit time by the current flowing through the simulated fuse is the heat flow rate. The heat loss per unit time between the simulated fuse and the environment via convection is given. The heat flux generated by the simulated fuse to the environment per unit time is given. The heat flow rate is the heat generated per unit time by the simulated fuse and the surrounding solid medium through thermal conduction.

[0022] Optionally, the fuse characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves, including:

[0023] Shift one side of the fuse characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained, and then translated on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

[0024] Optionally, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse, including:

[0025] For each excitation current, the excitation current is applied to the simulated fuse to obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current;

[0026] Based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current, a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse is constructed.

[0027] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0028] By applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse, the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current were obtained.

[0029] Optionally, the dimensions of the geometric parameters include the fuse thickness, the fuse neck depth, and the number of fuse necks connected in series.

[0030] A device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse element, comprising:

[0031] The fuse selection unit is used to determine the fuse based on customized rated current and geometric parameters;

[0032] The reference curve construction unit is used to construct the fusing characteristic curve of the fuse by applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, and to translate the fusing characteristic curve on both sides in the time dimension to obtain two translation error curves.

[0033] The fuse modeling unit is used to perform finite element modeling of the fuse based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse includes a simulation fuse, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module.

[0034] The multiphysics field fuse simulation deployment unit is used to perform fuse simulation deployment on the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module and the electromagnetic heat module to obtain a fuse simulation environment;

[0035] The simulation fuse characteristic curve construction unit is used to apply different excitation currents to the simulation fuse in the fuse simulation environment in order to construct the simulation fuse characteristic curve of the simulation fuse.

[0036] The fusing characteristic determination unit is used to complete the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse if the simulated fusing characteristic curve is between the two translation error curves; otherwise, it updates the geometric parameters according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process and returns to the fuse determination unit.

[0037] Optionally, the single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse;

[0038] The multiphysics circuit breaker simulation deployment unit includes:

[0039] The current field module deployment unit is used to determine the target current field that matches the fuse in the current field module, and set one end of the fuse as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0040] The solid heat transfer field module deployment unit is used to set the generalized source mode to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity to the surface emissivity of the material in the solid heat transfer field module, thereby completing the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0041] An interface coupling unit is used to determine a preset electric field in the electromagnetic field module and to interface couple the preset electric field with the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusion simulation environment.

[0042] Optionally, the benchmark curve construction unit includes:

[0043] The first curve translation unit is used to translate one side of the fusing characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained;

[0044] The second curve translation unit is used for translation on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

[0045] Optionally, the simulated fuse characteristic curve construction unit includes:

[0046] A fusing time acquisition unit is used to apply the excitation current to the simulated fuse for each excitation current, and obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current.

[0047] The curve construction unit is used to construct the simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current.

[0048] Optionally, the device may also include:

[0049] The temperature distribution acquisition unit is used to obtain the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current by applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse.

[0050] A device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, including a memory and a processor;

[0051] The memory is used to store programs;

[0052] The processor is used to execute the program to implement the various steps of the geometric parameter simulation optimization method for the fuse as described above.

[0053] A storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the geometric parameter simulation optimization method for the fuse as described above.

[0054] Using the above technical solution, this application determines the fuse element based on customized rated current and geometric parameters. By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse element, a fusing characteristic curve of the fuse element is constructed. The fusing characteristic curve is then shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves. Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, a finite element model is performed on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element includes a simulation fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module. The current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module are deployed for fusing simulation to obtain a fusing simulation environment. In the fusing simulation environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulation fuse element to construct a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse element. If the simulated fusing characteristic curve is between the two shift error curves, the geometric parameter simulation of the fuse element is completed. Otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse element during the excitation process, and the fuse element is re-determined based on the geometric parameters. Therefore, by solving the problem through electro-thermal multiphysics coupling at the physical level, the temperature rise process and material melting point of the fuse can be obtained. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the fuse through temperature changes, the fuse with the final geometric parameters can fully guarantee the stable operation of the power grid and power equipment while meeting customized requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0056] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a process for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse according to an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 2 A fusing characteristic curve of a fuse element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fusing characteristic curve of a fuse and its two translation error curves provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and geometric parameters of a fuse element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a single-blade 3D simulation model of a fuse element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a simulated fusing characteristic curve of a simulated fuse element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of another simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0063] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the current field module setting of a single-blade 3D simulation model of a fuse element provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a device structure for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0067] The proposed solution can be implemented based on a terminal with data processing capabilities, such as a computer, cloud, or server.

[0068] Next, combined Figure 1 The geometric parameter simulation optimization method for the fuse element of this application may include the following steps:

[0069] Step S110: Determine the fuse based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters.

[0070] Specifically, the rated current, as a core fundamental parameter for customized fuse design, directly reflects the user's actual current carrying capacity requirements for circuit protection scenarios. It can be determined according to the GB 13539.1—2015 low-voltage fuse standard or the actual operating conditions of specific power distribution networks and electrical equipment. The target fuse's rated current can be set to 350A, serving as a benchmark for subsequent fuse characteristic and structural design. Geometric parameters are key physical quantities determining the fuse's heating, heat dissipation, and fusing response speed. These parameters cover three core indicators: overall fuse thickness, neck depth, and the number of series necks. Thickness directly affects the Joule heating rate and mechanical strength; neck depth determines the degree of local temperature rise concentration and fusing sensitivity; and the number of series necks is used to adjust the overall resistance and heat accumulation efficiency. These parameters together constitute a set of adjustable variables for the fuse's geometric structure, providing fundamental variable support for subsequent finite element simulation iterations and performance optimization. When determining the rated current and initial geometric parameters, it is necessary to take into account the fuse installation space, manufacturing process feasibility, mechanical strength requirements, and protection accuracy requirements. The conventional constraints of low-voltage fuse design should be followed, namely, the maximum depth of the neck should not exceed 35% of the fuse width to ensure structural strength, and the number of necks in series should not exceed 3 to accommodate the limited installation length and reduce the processing difficulty. At the same time, the electrical and thermal conductivity characteristics of commonly used supporting materials such as pure zinc, pure copper, and steel should be combined to initially match a reasonable range of thickness and neck size to ensure that the initial parameters have simulation feasibility and engineering practicality.

[0071] Understandably, step S110, as the starting point of the entire fuse geometry parameter simulation and optimization process, plays a crucial role in realizing requirements and laying the foundation for parameters, and is the primary prerequisite for achieving high-precision customized design. This step transforms abstract circuit protection requirements into quantifiable and simulable physical parameters. By specifying the rated current, it converts user-scenario-based current carrying capacity and overload protection requirements into standardized design indicators, preventing subsequent designs from deviating from actual application scenarios and eliminating fuse maloperation or failure to operate due to improper rated current matching from the source. Simultaneously, defining the dimensions of geometric parameters and providing design constraints standardizes the adjustment range of subsequent simulation iterations, reduces invalid parameter attempts, significantly improves optimization efficiency, and makes the three adjustable parameters—thickness, neck depth, and number of necks—important indicators for accurately controlling fuse characteristics. This step also organically combines design standards, engineering processes, and material properties. It determines the rated current based on national standards and actual product data to ensure design compliance, provides constraints on neck size and quantity to ensure processing feasibility and mechanical strength, and uses the material's thermal and electrical conductivity to initially match parameters and improve simulation convergence speed. This provides reliable input conditions for subsequent construction of fusing characteristic curves, establishment of single-blade simulation models, and electro-thermal multiphysics coupling simulations. Without the precise definition of this step, subsequent simulation curve construction, error judgment, and parameter iteration will lack a benchmark, leading to a disconnect between simulation results and actual needs, and making precise control of fusing performance impossible. Therefore, this step is not only the starting point of the process but also a crucial supporting link to ensure the effective implementation of the entire optimization method and the customization accuracy and engineering practicality of the fuse.

[0072] Step S120: By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, the fusing characteristic curve of the fuse is constructed, and the fusing characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves.

[0073] There can be multiple target currents, and each target current can be several times the rated current.

[0074] For example, based on actual working scenarios and customized requirements, the corresponding fusing times for 1.4I, 1.43I, 1.5I, 1.6I, 1.8I, and 2.0I are 60 min, 20 min, 8 min, 3 min, 1 min, 0.5 min, and 0.2 min, respectively. Plotting the fusing time (in minutes) on the horizontal axis and the applied current (a multiple of the rated current) on the vertical axis, connecting these data points with a straight line forms the fusing characteristic curve of the fuse, as shown below. Figure 2 Furthermore, it will be as follows: Figure 2 The fuse characteristic curve shifts to one side in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained, and then translated on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, The allowable time for design error can be adjusted by... The size of the curve is used to control the precision during the fuse customization process, ensuring its performance meets design requirements. The relationship between the two translation error curves and the fuse characteristic curve is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0075] Understandably, step S120, as a crucial link between requirement definition and simulation modeling in the simulation optimization process of fuse geometry parameters, plays a core role in establishing performance benchmarks, defining accuracy boundaries, and unifying evaluation standards. It is a vital guarantee for achieving controllable customized fuse characteristics. Step S120 constructs standard fuse characteristic curves by applying multiple sets of target currents based on the rated current. This transforms the abstract fusing time-current relationship into a visualized and quantifiable design benchmark, providing a clear benchmark for subsequent simulation optimization and preventing the design direction from deviating from actual protection requirements. Shifting the curves on both sides of the time dimension to generate two allowable error curves essentially sets an acceptable deviation range for fuse performance. By adjusting the allowable error time Δt, customized accuracy can be flexibly controlled, meeting both the high precision requirements of harsh scenarios and the engineering practicality of conventional scenarios, avoiding situations where there is no unified error standard and performance fluctuations are significant. The combination of the design curve and the dual error curves provides a clear judgment basis for subsequent simulation curves, ensuring that the simulation results have a unique and objective criterion for qualification, significantly reducing human judgment errors. Meanwhile, the construction of the fuse characteristic curve strictly follows actual operating conditions and standard requirements, enabling the early identification of critical protection points within the 1.0 to 2.0 times rated current range. This provides data support for finite element modeling and excitation current selection, reducing simulation trial-and-error costs. This step, transforming requirements into curves, avoids issues like insufficient fuse overload capacity and exceeding the agreed-upon fusing current from the outset. It provides direction for subsequent electro-thermal multiphysics coupling simulations and geometric parameter iterative optimization. This is an indispensable step in ensuring the final fuse product does not malfunction or fail to operate, achieving high-precision, high-reliability customized design, and directly determines the effectiveness of the entire optimization process and the final product's pass rate.

[0076] Step S130: Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, perform finite element modeling on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element.

[0077] Specifically, one blade in the fuse can be selected, and after measurement and simplification, the material of the fuse element can be determined. The fuse material can be pure zinc, the two round copper washers can be pure copper, and the remaining components can be steel. The geometric parameters and structure of the fuse element are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0078] Furthermore, based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse, finite element modeling can be performed in COMSOL simulation software to obtain, for example... Figure 5The image shows a 3D simulation model of a fuse—a single-blade fuse element.

[0079] The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element can include a simulated fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module. The current field module, solid heat transfer field module, and electromagnetic heat module are adjustable / configurable modules of the simulation model.

[0080] Understandably, step S130, as a core link connecting performance benchmark design and multiphysics simulation in the fuse geometric parameter simulation optimization process, plays a crucial role in physical model construction, simulation environment setup, and parameter digital mapping. It is the foundation and prerequisite for realizing electro-thermal multiphysics coupling simulation. Based on the given material properties and initial geometric parameters of the fuse, step S130 establishes a fuse-fuse single-blade simulation model using the finite element method. This accurately transforms the actual physical structure into a calculable and solvable digital model, fully encompassing core components such as the simulated fuse, current field module, solid heat transfer field module, and electromagnetic heat module. It realistically recreates the assembly relationship between the fuse and the fuse element, the electrical and thermal conduction paths, and the heat transfer paths, providing an accurate and clearly defined simulation platform for the simulation calculation. By accurately assigning values ​​to the materials, distinguishing key parameters such as conductivity, thermal conductivity, melting point, and surface emissivity of different materials such as pure zinc for the fuse element, pure copper for the copper gasket, and steel for the base, the physical realism of the simulation calculation is ensured, avoiding deviations from reality due to simplified or incorrect material parameters. The simplified single-blade model retains the core heating and fusing mechanisms while reducing computational complexity, improving simulation efficiency and convergence, and adapting to engineering design requirements. Step S130 further transforms abstract geometric parameters and material properties into concrete simulation model elements, providing an executable structural foundation for subsequent current application, thermal field calculation, and electromagnetic-thermal coupling. This provides reliable support for accurately obtaining key data such as temperature distribution, maximum temperature change, and fusing time. The precise modeling process provides reliable structural support for subsequent multiphysics coupling simulations, thus realistically reflecting the heating, heat dissipation, and fusing process of the fuse in actual operation. This modeling step in S130 is a crucial technical support for effectively ensuring simulation accuracy, optimization effectiveness, and ultimately achieving the goal of customized fuse design. It directly determines the reliability of geometric parameter iterative optimization and the final product performance compliance rate.

[0081] Step S140: Deploy the fuse simulation for the current field module, solid heat transfer field module, and electromagnetic heat module to obtain the fuse simulation environment.

[0082] Specifically, before performing simulated fusing calculations on the fuse, a high-precision simulation environment that closely matches the actual working conditions and fully couples the physical fields is first built. This simulation environment uses electro-thermal multi-physics coupling as its core architecture, which can realistically reproduce the entire physical process of the fuse from energization, Joule heating generation, heat transfer, temperature accumulation, until it reaches the material's melting point and fuses. In the current field module deployment, the target current field must be matched according to the fuse's rated current and the actual circuit characteristics. One end is set as the grounding point and the other end is set as the boundary current source, strictly following the fuse wiring method, to accurately replicate the current flow path and excitation loading method in the circuit, ensuring that the current distribution is consistent with the actual working conditions. In the solid heat transfer field module deployment, parameters are configured according to the fuse's thermal balance theory. The generalized heat source is set as electromagnetic volume loss density to accurately calculate Joule heating, and the heat flux is set as convective heat flux to simulate air heat dissipation. At the same time, the surface emissivity is assigned according to the material properties. The fusible links are designed with a value of 0.6 for zinc, 0.5 for copper, and 0.9 for steel, and the ambient temperature is uniformly set to 20℃. This comprehensively considers heat dissipation through conduction, convection, and radiation, avoiding calculation errors due to simplified heat exchange. In the electromagnetic heating module, the interface coupling between the electric field and the solid heat transfer field is completed, enabling real-time interactive calculation of current-generated heat and the temperature field, allowing electrical and thermal characteristics to influence each other and be solved synchronously. Through this step-by-step deployment, a fusing simulation environment with clear boundary conditions, a complete physical mechanism, and accurate parameter settings is ultimately formed, providing a stable and reliable computing platform for subsequent application of excitation current, acquisition of temperature data, and construction of simulated fusing characteristic curves.

[0083] Understandably, the electro-thermal multi-physics coupling simulation deployment method can reproduce the actual working behavior of the fuse from the underlying physical mechanism. Compared with single-physics simulation, it has higher accuracy and reliability, and is a key guarantee for achieving precise optimization of the fuse's geometric parameters. The current field module is responsible for reproducing the circuit current distribution and excitation loading method, ensuring that the current density at each location of the fuse is consistent with reality; the solid heat transfer field module comprehensively considers Joule heat generation, air convection, surface radiation, and inter-solid conduction, and performs calculations in full accordance with the heat balance equation, accurately capturing the temperature rise law of the fuse, especially the narrow neck region; the electromagnetic thermal coupling interface realizes the real-time transmission of electric and thermal field data, forming a closed-loop feedback between the influence of temperature change on material conductivity and the contribution of electrical loss to the temperature field, which is closer to the actual physical process. This multi-field coupling simulation can stably output key data such as the global temperature distribution of the fuse, the location of the highest temperature point, and the temperature change curve over time, providing a high-precision basis for determining the fuse's breaking moment and plotting simulation characteristic curves. Without a complete simulation deployment, relying solely on simplified models or single-field calculations can significantly underestimate or overestimate the fusing speed, leading to excessive deviations between simulation curves and actual values, and consequently causing errors in the direction of geometric parameter optimization. By standardizing the simulation deployment in step S140, the reliability of the simulation can be effectively improved, the number of physical tests reduced, and R&D costs lowered. This ensures that subsequent geometric parameter adjustments are based on sound principles, guaranteeing that the final designed fuse not only meets customized fusing characteristic requirements but also possesses reliable engineering application performance, eliminating the risk of fuse malfunctions or failures to trip from the simulation stage.

[0084] Step S150: In the fuse simulation environment, apply different excitation currents to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse characteristic curve.

[0085] Specifically, for each excitation current, the excitation current can be applied to the simulated fuse to obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under that excitation current. Then, based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current, a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse can be constructed. Among them, the fusing time can represent the time when the simulated fuse first reaches its melting point (such as the melting point of zinc, 419.58℃).

[0086] More specifically, the excitation current can be selected between 1.0 and 2.0 times the rated current (specifically in 0.1 times the rated current increments), and the maximum energizing time is 120 minutes. When each excitation current energizes the simulated fuse until it melts, the energizing time at that excitation current magnitude can be recorded as the corresponding melting time. After obtaining multiple sets of excitation current-melting time data, a graph can be plotted with melting time (min) on the horizontal axis and excitation current on the vertical axis, as shown below. Figure 6 The simulated fuse characteristic curve of the simulated fuse element is shown.

[0087] Understandably, step S150 is the core execution step in the simulation optimization process of fuse geometry parameters, generating performance data and forming benchmark results. It plays a crucial role in transforming the simulation model and excitation conditions into an evaluable fusing characteristic curve. Step S150 applies multiple sets of gradient excitation currents within the range of 1.0 to 2.0 times the rated current to the simulated fuse in the established electro-thermal multiphysics coupling simulation environment. The system acquires the temperature evolution, maximum temperature value, and fusing time to reach the material's melting point under different overload currents. Then, a complete simulated fusing characteristic curve is constructed with fusing time as the horizontal axis and the excitation current multiple as the vertical axis. This transforms the abstract simulation calculation results into an intuitive, quantifiable, and comparable performance curve, providing a unique visual evaluation criterion for whether design requirements are met. Step S150 strictly uses the material melting point as the fusing criterion, ensuring that the definition of the simulated fusing time is consistent with the actual physical process, thus improving the curve's reliability and engineering reference value. By using multi-current-point excitation and data acquisition, the commonly used overload protection range of low-voltage fuses can be fully covered, accurately reflecting the response characteristics of the fuse element under different operating conditions and avoiding the bias caused by single-point data. At the same time, the generation of simulation curves directly serves to compare and judge with design curves and error curves, and is a direct data source for determining whether iterative optimization of geometric parameters is needed, providing a clear direction and quantitative support for parameter adjustment.

[0088] Step S160: Determine whether the simulated fuse characteristic curve is between the two translation error curves. If yes, proceed to step S170; otherwise, proceed to step S180.

[0089] It is understandable that if the simulated fusing characteristic curve is not between the two translation error curves, that is, outside the area enclosed by the two translation error curves, it indicates that the fusing performance of the fuse does not meet the design accuracy requirements, the fusing time deviates from the design value beyond the allowable range, there is insufficient overload capacity or excessive fusing current, which can easily lead to the fuse malfunctioning or failing to operate. It is necessary to adjust the geometric parameters and optimize the design according to the simulated temperature change.

[0090] If the simulated fusing characteristic curve lies between the two translation error curves, it indicates that the fusing performance of the fuse meets the design requirements, the fusing time deviation is controlled within the allowable error, and its key indicators such as overload capacity and response speed meet the customized requirements. This also indicates that after multiple finite element modeling and electro-thermal multiphysics coupling simulations, the actual working state can be accurately reproduced, making the final determined geometric parameter design reasonable and eliminating the need for further iterative adjustments.

[0091] Step S170: Complete the geometric parameter simulation of the fuse.

[0092] Furthermore, after determining the final geometric parameters, a physical experiment of the fuse sheet can be conducted to verify the accuracy of the simulation.

[0093] Specifically, after determining the final geometric parameters, a physical experiment can be conducted to verify the accuracy of the simulation. As the final closed-loop step in the simulation optimization process, the physical experiment plays a crucial role in verifying the rationality of the finite element modeling, the accuracy of multiphysics coupling, and the effectiveness of geometric parameter iteration. It is a necessary verification step in transforming virtual design into a qualified product, comprehensively verifying the degree of agreement between the simulation results and real physical conditions from an engineering perspective, ensuring that the customized fuse has reliable field application capabilities. The experimental process requires strict matching of core parameters such as rated current, material properties, ambient temperature, and boundary conditions used in the simulation. Using structural components consistent with the simulation, including pure zinc fuse elements, copper gaskets, and steel bases, a gradient excitation current within the range of 1.0 to 2.0 times the rated current is applied in a standard test circuit. Real-time data acquisition is conducted on fuse temperature changes, melting point time, and actual fusing time. The measured data are compared item by item with the simulation output fusing characteristic curves, temperature distribution patterns, and maximum temperature rise values. The focus is on verifying whether the deviation in fusing time under the same current multiple falls within the design allowable error Δt range, and verifying whether the location of the highest temperature and the rate of temperature rise are consistent with the simulation prediction. Through physical experiments, simulation errors that may arise from model simplification, approximate boundary conditions, or incorrect material parameter values ​​can be effectively identified, allowing for timely correction of model defects and further improving the credibility of subsequent simulation designs for similar products. Simultaneously, the experimental results directly demonstrate that the geometric parameters optimized through this process can stably achieve the expected fusing characteristics, effectively avoiding problems such as insufficient overload capacity and large fusing time deviations, fundamentally reducing the risk of fuse maloperation and failure to operate. Only verified and qualified fuses can be put into mass production, thereby ensuring that the simulation optimization results are truly implemented and provide stable, accurate and reliable short-circuit and overload protection for power grids and electrical equipment, fully demonstrating the engineering practical value and technical reliability of the geometric parameter simulation optimization method of this application.

[0094] Step S180: Update the geometric parameters based on the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and return to step S110.

[0095] For example Figure 6 The simulated fuse characteristic curve is clearly not between the two translation error curves (translation curve A and translation curve B). Comparing the original design curve and the simulated fuse characteristic curve, the simulated fuse characteristic curve is basically to the left of the fuse curve, indicating that when the current is equal, the difference in fusing time between the two curves exceeds [a certain value]. This indicates that the fuse's fusing performance has not met the design accuracy requirements, and there are problems such as insufficient overload capacity or excessive fusing current, which can easily lead to the fuse malfunctioning or failing to operate. It is necessary to adjust the geometric parameters and optimize the design based on the simulated temperature changes.

[0096] In the process of simulating the melting of the simulated fuse, the temperature distribution and the maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse body can be recorded when each excitation current excites the simulated fuse, as well as the change of the maximum temperature value over time. This allows for direct reference to the temperature change data when it is necessary to update the geometric parameters.

[0097] More specifically, when adjusting the geometric parameters of the fuse, prioritize adjusting the depth of the series necks without changing the number of necks (to ensure sufficient mechanical strength of the low-voltage fuse, the maximum depth of the necks is recommended to be ≤35% of the fuse width). If adjusting the neck depth alone is insufficient, then adjust the number of necks (the length of the low-voltage fuse is limited; considering the ease of processing, the maximum number of necks is recommended to be ≤3), and finally adjust the fuse thickness. For the adjustment process, you can first modify the parameters by a large adjustment range (≥20% of the original parameters) to find the geometric parameter values ​​corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the error band, and then gradually narrow the range until the fuse meets the user's design requirements.

[0098] Furthermore, after multiple iterations, when the fuse thickness was changed from 1.2mm to 1.5mm, the simulation curve of the fuse closely approximated the design, placing the simulation curve between two shifted curves, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0099] The geometric parameter simulation optimization method for fuses provided in this embodiment determines the fuse based on customized rated current and geometric parameters. A target current based on the rated current is applied to the fuse to construct its fusing characteristic curve. The fusing characteristic curve is then shifted along the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves. Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse, a finite element model is performed to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse. This model includes a simulated fuse, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module. The current field module, solid heat transfer field module, and electromagnetic heat module are deployed for fusing simulation to obtain a fusing simulation environment. In this environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct its simulated fusing characteristic curve. If the simulated fusing characteristic curve lies between the two shift error curves, the geometric parameter simulation of the fuse is complete. Otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated based on the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and the fuse is re-determined using these geometric parameters. Therefore, by solving the problem through electro-thermal multiphysics coupling at the physical level, the temperature rise process and material melting point of the fuse can be obtained. By optimizing the geometric parameters of the fuse through temperature changes, the fuse with the final geometric parameters can fully guarantee the stable operation of the power grid and power equipment while meeting customized requirements.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, the process of deploying the current field module, solid heat transfer field module, and electromagnetic heat module for fuse simulation to obtain the fuse simulation environment is described. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element in the aforementioned embodiments may also include the fuse itself. Specifically, this process may include:

[0101] S1. In the current field module, determine the target current field that matches the fuse, and set one end of the fuse as the grounding point and the other end as the boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0102] For example Figure 8 Based on the actual working conditions of the simulated fuse, a current field is selected, and a grounding point is set at one end of the simulated fuse, while a boundary current source is set at the other end. This operation strictly follows the installation and energization logic of fuses in actual power distribution circuits, completely restoring the complete path of current flowing in from the power source, through the fuse, and out from the grounding point. This is a key setting to ensure that the current field distribution and current density are highly consistent with the actual operating conditions. When performing simulation modeling, it is necessary to first select a current field physical field interface that matches the physical process based on the rated current level of the fuse, the circuit structure, and the characteristics of the conductive material, to ensure stable electric field calculation, good convergence, and reliable numerical results. In the boundary condition definition stage, one end of the fuse is set as a grounding point, corresponding to the system grounding or equipment protective grounding in the actual circuit, providing a stable return path for the current and eliminating calculation deviations caused by potential accumulation; the other end is set as a boundary current source, and different multiples of the rated excitation current are input according to the simulation requirements to accurately simulate the current excitation forms under different fault conditions such as overload and short circuit. This configuration not only conforms to the actual working principle of low-voltage fuses but is also fully compatible with the interface conditions of subsequent solid heat transfer fields and electromagnetic thermal coupling fields. It ensures that electric field energy loss is accurately converted into a heat source, achieving seamless electro-thermal coupling. By configuring the grounding point and boundary current source in a standardized and accurate manner, the simulated current field can more closely resemble engineering reality. This avoids problems such as uneven current distribution and Joule heating calculation deviations caused by simplified or incorrect boundary conditions. It provides a realistic and reliable electric field foundation for subsequent temperature field solutions, fuse time determination, and characteristic curve plotting, directly improving the credibility of the entire simulation process and the accuracy of geometric parameter optimization.

[0103] S2. In the solid heat transfer field module, the generalized source mode is set to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode is set to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material to complete the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0104] Specifically, based on the theoretical heat transfer model of the fuse, in the solid heat transfer field setting, the heat source term is set to electromagnetic volume loss density in the generalized source mode, the heat flux mode is set to convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material used. This series of parameter configurations strictly follows the electro-thermal coupling physical mechanism of the fuse, which can completely reproduce the entire heat transfer process of Joule heat generation, heat conduction, heat convection, and heat radiation, ensuring that the temperature rise calculation is highly consistent with the actual operating conditions. Selecting "volume loss density, electromagnetic" as the heat source can accurately calculate the Joule heat distribution generated by the current flowing through the conductor, which is close to the real physical source of the fuse's heating; selecting convective heat flux can effectively simulate the natural convection heat dissipation between the fuse and the surrounding air, which is consistent with the heat dissipation conditions in the actual use environment. At the same time, setting the surface emissivity according to different material properties can accurately account for the heat loss caused by thermal radiation, avoiding the overestimation of the temperature rise due to neglecting radiation. The main material of the fuse is pure zinc, with a surface emissivity of 0.6, a commonly used engineering value. The surface emissivity of the conductive copper gasket is set to 0.5, and the surface emissivity of the steel used in the base and structural components is set to 0.9. All three material parameters adopt industry-recognized standard values ​​to ensure simulation consistency and reliability. The ambient temperature is uniformly set to 20℃, corresponding to standard laboratory testing conditions, consistent with the actual experimental environment, facilitating subsequent comparison between simulation and measured data. Through the above complete and rigorous solid heat transfer field settings, a highly realistic heat exchange model can be constructed, providing accurate thermal boundary conditions for temperature field solving, maximum temperature capture, and fuse time determination, directly improving simulation accuracy and the effectiveness of geometric parameter optimization.

[0105] Among them, the parameter settings in the solid heat transfer field module meet the constraints.

[0106] The constraints can be:

[0107]

[0108] in, The heat flow rate passing through the simulated fuse per unit time is the heat flow rate. The Joule heat flux generated per unit time by the current flowing through the simulated fuse. This represents the heat flow rate lost per unit time by the simulated fuse element through convection with the environment. This is a simulation of the heat flux generated by a fuse element to the environment per unit time. This represents the heat flow rate generated per unit time during the simulated thermal conduction between the fuse and the surrounding solid medium.

[0109] To facilitate finite element simulation, the thermal balance equation of the fuse is expressed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] in, To accommodate the heat accumulation term used in finite element simulations to describe transient temperature changes in an object, For heat conduction between solids , For thermal radiation , For convective heat transfer , For heat source items , It can be calculated using Joule's law.

[0112] S3. In the electromagnetic field module, determine the preset electric field and couple the preset electric field with the solid heat transfer field module to obtain the fusion simulation environment.

[0113] Specifically, in electromagnetic heating, a pre-set electric field is coupled to the solid heat transfer field through an interface. By changing the magnitude of the current applied by the boundary current source, different currents can be used as excitation.

[0114] The apparatus for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse according to the embodiments of this application is described below. The apparatus for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse described below can be referred to in correspondence with the method for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse described above.

[0115] See Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse element, as disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0116] like Figure 9 As shown, the device may include:

[0117] The fuse determining unit 11 is used to determine the fuse based on customized rated current and geometric parameters;

[0118] The reference curve construction unit 12 is used to construct the fusing characteristic curve of the fuse by applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, and to shift the fusing characteristic curve to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves.

[0119] The fuse modeling unit 13 is used to perform finite element modeling of the fuse based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse includes a simulation fuse, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module.

[0120] The multiphysics field fuse simulation deployment unit 14 is used to perform fuse simulation deployment on the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module and the electromagnetic heat module to obtain a fuse simulation environment;

[0121] The simulation fuse characteristic curve construction unit 15 is used to apply different excitation currents to the simulation fuse in the fuse simulation environment in order to construct the simulation fuse characteristic curve of the simulation fuse.

[0122] The fusing characteristic determination unit 16 is used to complete the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse if the simulated fusing characteristic curve is between the two translation error curves; otherwise, it updates the geometric parameters according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process and returns to the fuse determination unit.

[0123] Optionally, the single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse;

[0124] The multiphysics circuit breaker simulation deployment unit includes:

[0125] The current field module deployment unit is used to determine the target current field that matches the fuse in the current field module, and set one end of the fuse as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0126] The solid heat transfer field module deployment unit is used to set the generalized source mode to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity to the surface emissivity of the material in the solid heat transfer field module, thereby completing the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0127] An interface coupling unit is used to determine a preset electric field in the electromagnetic field module and to interface couple the preset electric field with the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusion simulation environment.

[0128] Optionally, the benchmark curve construction unit includes:

[0129] The first curve translation unit is used to translate one side of the fusing characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained;

[0130] The second curve translation unit is used for translation on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

[0131] Optionally, the simulated fuse characteristic curve construction unit includes:

[0132] A fusing time acquisition unit is used to apply the excitation current to the simulated fuse for each excitation current, and obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current.

[0133] The curve construction unit is used to construct the simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current.

[0134] Optionally, the device may also include:

[0135] The temperature distribution acquisition unit is used to obtain the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current by applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse.

[0136] The device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse provided in this application embodiment can be applied to devices for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of fuses, such as terminals like mobile phones and computers. Optionally, Figure 10 The hardware structure block diagram of the device with simulated and optimized geometric parameters of the fuse is shown, referring to... Figure 10 The hardware structure of the device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of the fuse may include: at least one processor 1, at least one communication interface 2, at least one memory 3, and at least one communication bus 4.

[0137] In this embodiment of the application, the number of processor 1, communication interface 2, memory 3, and communication bus 4 is at least one, and processor 1, communication interface 2, and memory 3 communicate with each other through communication bus 4;

[0138] Processor 1 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.

[0139] Memory 3 may include high-speed RAM, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device;

[0140] The memory stores a program, which the processor can call. The program is used for:

[0141] The fuse element is determined based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters;

[0142] By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, a fusing characteristic curve of the fuse is constructed, and the fusing characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves.

[0143] Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, a finite element model is performed on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element includes a simulation fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module.

[0144] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module.

[0145] In the fuse simulation environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse characteristic curve.

[0146] If the simulated fuse characteristic curve lies between the two translation error curves, the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse is completed; otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and the process of determining the fuse based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters is returned.

[0147] Optionally, the single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse;

[0148] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module, including:

[0149] In the current field module, a target current field matching the fuse is determined, and one end of the fuse is set as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0150] In the solid heat transfer field module, the generalized source mode is set to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode is set to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material to complete the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0151] In the electromagnetic field module, a preset electric field is determined, and the preset electric field is coupled to the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusing simulation environment.

[0152] Optionally, the parameter settings in the solid heat transfer field module satisfy the constraint conditions, which are:

[0153]

[0154] in, The heat flow rate passing through the simulated fuse per unit time is [value missing]. The Joule heat flux generated per unit time by the current flowing through the simulated fuse is the heat flow rate. The heat loss per unit time between the simulated fuse and the environment via convection is given. The heat flux generated by the simulated fuse to the environment per unit time is given. The heat flow rate is the heat generated per unit time by the simulated fuse and the surrounding solid medium through thermal conduction.

[0155] Optionally, the fuse characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves, including:

[0156] Shift one side of the fuse characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained, and then translated on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

[0157] Optionally, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse, including:

[0158] For each excitation current, the excitation current is applied to the simulated fuse to obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current;

[0159] Based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current, a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse is constructed.

[0160] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0161] By applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse, the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current were obtained.

[0162] Optionally, the dimensions of the geometric parameters include the fuse thickness, the fuse neck depth, and the number of fuse necks connected in series.

[0163] This application embodiment also provides a storage medium that can store a program suitable for execution by a processor, the program being used for:

[0164] The fuse element is determined based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters;

[0165] By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, a fusing characteristic curve of the fuse is constructed, and the fusing characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves.

[0166] Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, a finite element model is performed on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element includes a simulation fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module.

[0167] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module.

[0168] In the fuse simulation environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse characteristic curve.

[0169] If the simulated fuse characteristic curve lies between the two translation error curves, the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse is completed; otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and the process of determining the fuse based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters is returned.

[0170] Optionally, the single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse;

[0171] A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module, including:

[0172] In the current field module, a target current field matching the fuse is determined, and one end of the fuse is set as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module.

[0173] In the solid heat transfer field module, the generalized source mode is set to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode is set to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material to complete the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module.

[0174] In the electromagnetic field module, a preset electric field is determined, and the preset electric field is coupled to the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusing simulation environment.

[0175] Optionally, the parameter settings in the solid heat transfer field module satisfy the constraint conditions, which are:

[0176]

[0177] in, The heat flow rate passing through the simulated fuse per unit time is [value missing]. The Joule heat flux generated per unit time by the current flowing through the simulated fuse is the heat flow rate. The heat loss per unit time between the simulated fuse and the environment via convection is given. The heat flux generated by the simulated fuse to the environment per unit time is given. The heat flow rate is the heat generated per unit time by the simulated fuse and the surrounding solid medium through thermal conduction.

[0178] Optionally, the fuse characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves, including:

[0179] Shift one side of the fuse characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained, and then translated on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

[0180] Optionally, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse, including:

[0181] For each excitation current, the excitation current is applied to the simulated fuse to obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current;

[0182] Based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current, a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse is constructed.

[0183] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0184] By applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse, the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current were obtained.

[0185] Optionally, the dimensions of the geometric parameters include the fuse thickness, the fuse neck depth, and the number of fuse necks connected in series.

[0186] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0187] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other.

[0188] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, characterized in that, include: The fuse element is determined based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters; By applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, a fusing characteristic curve of the fuse is constructed, and the fusing characteristic curve is shifted to both sides in the time dimension to obtain two shift error curves. Based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse element, a finite element model is performed on the fuse element to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse element. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element includes a simulation fuse element, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module. A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module. In the fuse simulation environment, different excitation currents are applied to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse characteristic curve. If the simulated fuse characteristic curve lies between the two translation error curves, the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse is completed; otherwise, the geometric parameters are updated according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process, and the process of determining the fuse based on the customized rated current and geometric parameters is returned.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-blade simulation model of the fuse element also includes the fuse; A fuse-breaking simulation environment is obtained by deploying the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module, and the electromagnetic heat module, including: In the current field module, a target current field matching the fuse is determined, and one end of the fuse is set as a grounding point and the other end as a boundary current source in the target current field to complete the fuse simulation deployment of the current field module. In the solid heat transfer field module, the generalized source mode is set to the volume loss density in the electromagnetic dimension, the heat flux mode is set to the convective heat flux, and the boundary surface emissivity is set to the surface emissivity of the material to complete the melting simulation deployment of the solid heat transfer field module. In the electromagnetic field module, a preset electric field is determined, and the preset electric field is coupled to the solid heat transfer field module to obtain a fusing simulation environment.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameter settings in the solid heat transfer field module satisfy the constraint conditions, which are: in, The heat flow rate passing through the simulated fuse per unit time is [value missing]. The Joule heat flux generated per unit time by the current flowing through the simulated fuse is the heat flow rate. The heat loss per unit time between the simulated fuse and the environment via convection is given. The heat flux generated by the simulated fuse to the environment per unit time is given. The heat flow rate is the heat generated per unit time by the simulated fuse and the surrounding solid medium through thermal conduction.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By shifting the fuse characteristic curve to both sides in the time dimension, two shift error curves are obtained, including: Shift one side of the fuse characteristic curve in the time dimension. The first translation error curve is obtained, and then translated on the other side. The second translation error curve is obtained, where, This is the allowable time for design errors.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse to construct the simulated fuse's fusing characteristic curves includes: For each excitation current, the excitation current is applied to the simulated fuse to obtain the fusing time of the simulated fuse under the excitation current; Based on the fusing time of the simulated fuse under each excitation current, a simulated fusing characteristic curve of the simulated fuse is constructed.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: By applying different excitation currents to the simulated fuse, the temperature distribution and maximum temperature value of the simulated fuse under each excitation current were obtained.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The dimensions of the geometric parameters include the fuse thickness, the fuse neck depth, and the number of fuse necks connected in series.

8. A device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, characterized in that, include: The fuse selection unit is used to determine the fuse based on customized rated current and geometric parameters; The reference curve construction unit is used to construct the fusing characteristic curve of the fuse by applying a target current based on the rated current to the fuse, and to translate the fusing characteristic curve on both sides in the time dimension to obtain two translation error curves. The fuse modeling unit is used to perform finite element modeling of the fuse based on the material and geometric parameters of the fuse to obtain a single-blade simulation model of the fuse. The single-blade simulation model of the fuse includes a simulation fuse, a current field module, a solid heat transfer field module, and an electromagnetic heat module. The multiphysics field fuse simulation deployment unit is used to perform fuse simulation deployment on the current field module, the solid heat transfer field module and the electromagnetic heat module to obtain a fuse simulation environment; The simulation fuse characteristic curve construction unit is used to apply different excitation currents to the simulation fuse in the fuse simulation environment in order to construct the simulation fuse characteristic curve of the simulation fuse. The fusing characteristic determination unit is used to complete the simulation of the geometric parameters of the fuse if the simulated fusing characteristic curve is between the two translation error curves; otherwise, it updates the geometric parameters according to the temperature change of the simulated fuse during the excitation process and returns to the fuse determination unit.

9. A device for simulating and optimizing the geometric parameters of a fuse, characterized in that, Including memory and processor; The memory is used to store programs; The processor is used to execute the program to implement each step of the geometric parameter simulation optimization method for fuses as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements each step of the geometric parameter simulation optimization method for fuses as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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