Method and device for simulating ice rock collapse, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for simulating ice-rock fracturing. The method includes: acquiring initial particle parameters of target particles in an initial state; determining initial parameter change functions of base particles in the initial state based on the initial particle parameters; in response to determining the presence of damaging particles during ice-rock fracturing, determining target density change functions, target velocity change functions, and target displacement change functions of base particles during ice-rock fracturing; determining a first basic heat flux and a first temperature change function of base particles in fractured water based on the first initial particle parameters, and determining a second basic heat flux and a second temperature change function of base particles in matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters; and simulating the ice-rock fracturing process over a time period from an initial time to a target time using a simulation function to obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of base particles at the target time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for simulating ice and rock collapse. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global warming, ice-rock collapse disasters are occurring more frequently on rock slopes in high-altitude and cold regions, significantly increasing the risk of deformation and damage to these slopes. However, current simulation studies on particle transport during ice-rock collapse processes suffer from inaccurate results.

[0003] Therefore, how to simulate particle transport during the ice-rock fracturing process has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for simulating ice and rock collapse in order to solve or partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this disclosure proposes a method for simulating ice-rock collapse, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state, wherein the target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle, and the initial particle parameters include: a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state is determined based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter; In response to the determination that damaging particles exist during ice and rock fracturing, the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice and rock fracturing process are determined; The first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body are determined based on the first initial particle parameters, and the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock are determined based on the first initial particle parameters. The target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function are used as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse. Using the simulation function, the ice-rock fracturing process is simulated over a time period from the initial moment to the target moment, and the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the basic particles at the target moment are obtained.

[0007] Based on the same inventive concept, a second aspect of this disclosure proposes a device for simulating ice and rock collapse, comprising: The acquisition module is configured to acquire the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state, wherein the target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle, and the initial particle parameters include: a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. The initial change function determination module is configured to use smooth particle hydrodynamics to determine the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter; The target change function determination module is configured to determine the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process in response to determining that there are damaging particles in the ice-rock fracturing process. The temperature change function determination module is configured to determine the first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first initial particle parameters, and to determine the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters. The simulation function determination module is configured to use the target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse. The ice-rock collapse simulation module is configured to use the simulation function to simulate the ice-rock collapse process over a time period from the initial moment to the target moment, and to obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the basic particles at the target moment.

[0008] Based on the same inventive concept, a third aspect of this disclosure proposes an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described above when executing the computer program.

[0009] Based on the same inventive concept, a fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the methods described above.

[0010] As can be seen from the above description, the simulation method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for ice-rock fracturing provided in this disclosure are as follows: Initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state are obtained. The target particle includes a basic particle and neighboring particles within its influence domain. The initial particle parameters include a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in its initial state is determined based on the first and second initial particle parameters. When damaged particles exist during ice-rock fracturing, the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process are determined. Based on the first initial particle parameters, the first basic heat flux and first temperature change function of the basic particle in the fractured water are determined, and the second basic heat flux and second temperature change function of the basic particle in the matrix rock are also determined based on the first initial particle parameters. The target density change function, target velocity change function, target displacement change function, first heat flux, first temperature change function, second heat flux, and second temperature change function are used as simulation functions for ice-rock fracturing. By using simulation functions, the ice-rock fracturing process is simulated over a time interval from the initial moment to the target moment, obtaining the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the fundamental particles at the target moment. Thus, the target density change function simulates the density change during particle transport in the ice-rock fracturing process, the target velocity change function simulates the velocity change during particle transport, the target displacement change function simulates the displacement change during particle transport, and the first and second temperature change functions simulate the temperature change during particle transport. This allows for the simulation of particle transport during ice-rock fracturing, enabling real-time tracking of the temperature, displacement, stress, and damage state of each particle, thereby improving the simulation efficiency of ice-rock fracturing. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the ice-rock collapse simulation method according to an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ice-water phase change process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the SPH slope model and boundary condition settings under freeze-thaw cycle conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of simulation results for an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ice and rock collapse simulation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0014] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0015] Based on the background description, a series of water conservancy and hydropower projects are currently planned. However, against the backdrop of global warming, ice and rockfall disasters on rock slopes in high-altitude and cold regions are frequent, posing significant risks to the construction of hydropower projects in these areas. Rock masses in high-altitude and cold regions have well-developed fissures, and under freeze-thaw cycles, the deformation and damage risks of rock slopes in these regions increase significantly. Freeze-thaw cycles not only cause significant changes in the physical and mechanical properties of rock slopes but also induce a series of disasters such as frost heave, thaw settlement, cracking, disintegration, and landslides.

[0016] This disclosure provides a method and system for simulating freeze-thaw rockfall damage in high-altitude cold regions, aiming to improve the assessment and prevention of rock landslide disasters under freeze-thaw conditions in high-altitude areas. The method includes the following steps: First, obtaining the thermodynamic and strength parameters of the slope under study. Then, establishing a two-dimensional slope model using the improved SPH method (PT-TM-SPH), and parameterizing it by incorporating temperature, mechanical, and fracture parameter information. Next, using a freeze-thaw-phase transition-stress-damage coupled model, the transient and steady-state temperature field, stress field, damage field, and displacement field of the slope are simulated and calculated. Currently, the SPH method has not yet achieved simulation of ice-rockfall on slopes under freeze-thaw conditions.

[0017] As mentioned above, how to simulate particle transport during the ice-rock fracturing process has become an important research question.

[0018] Based on the above description, such as Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, the simulation method for ice and rock collapse includes: Step 101: Obtain the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state. The target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle. The initial particle parameters include: the first initial particle parameters of the basic particle and the second initial particle parameters of the neighboring particles.

[0019] In practice, the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state are obtained. These initial particle parameters include: the particle's position information, velocity parameters, and mass parameters. Based on the particle's position information, neighboring particles within the influence domain of the fundamental particle can be determined.

[0020] Step 102: Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, determine the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter.

[0021] In practice, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method for simulating fluid dynamics, which is increasingly being applied in fields such as engineering, oceanography, and biomedicine. The core feature of the SPH algorithm is that it treats the fluid as a set of discrete particles, which represent tiny volumetric elements of the fluid and carry its physical properties (such as density, pressure, and velocity).

[0022] The SPH algorithm does not rely on traditional grid (lattice point) methods to solve the equations of motion for continuous media. Instead, it expresses the spatial and temporal distribution of physical quantities through the interactions between particles, which makes the SPH algorithm particularly suitable for handling large deformation and free surface flow problems.

[0023] The SPH algorithm uses a weighting function called a smoothing kernel to estimate the physical quantities of particles and their spatial derivatives. The kernel function (B-spline function) determines the strength of the interactions between particles and typically has a finite support domain. Only neighboring particles can affect the current particle, thus reducing the impact of instabilities during particle compression.

[0024] The fundamental particle interacts with its neighboring particles within its influence region in pairs, using a linklist-based search method. The fundamental particle acts on its neighboring particles according to the following formula: , in, Basic particles The field function is used to represent the fundamental particle. The properties of the property (e.g., density, velocity, position, and temperature). The total number of neighboring particles. Neighboring particles quality Neighboring particles density, Neighboring particles The field function is used to represent the fundamental particle. Property parameters, Basic particles and neighboring particles The smooth kernel function for smooth particle hydrodynamics. Basic particles The smooth kernel radius is affected by the range of influence.

[0025] , in, Basic particles The derivative of the field function, Basic particles density, The gradient of the smooth kernel function.

[0026] Step 103: In response to determining that there are damaging particles during the ice-rock fracturing process, determine the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process.

[0027] In specific implementation, when damaged particles exist during ice-rock fracturing, the updated particle parameters of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process are obtained. These updated particle parameters include the first updated particle parameters of the base particle and the second updated particle parameters of neighboring particles. The updated total stress tensor of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the updated particle parameters. This updated total stress tensor includes the first updated total stress tensor of the base particle and the second updated total stress tensor of neighboring particles. The first updated relative velocity and first updated movement velocity of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process are determined from the first updated particle parameters, and the second updated mass of neighboring particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined from the second updated particle parameters. The target density change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the first updated relative velocity and the second updated mass. The target velocity change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the second updated mass, the first updated total stress tensor, and the second updated total stress tensor. The target displacement change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the first updated movement velocity.

[0028] Step 104: Determine the first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first initial particle parameters, and determine the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters.

[0029] In specific implementation, the first water temperature of the basic particles in the fractured water body is determined from the first initial particle parameters, and the second water temperature of the neighboring particles in the fractured water body is determined from the second initial particle parameters. The first fundamental heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body is determined based on the first and second water temperatures. The first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body is then determined based on the first fundamental heat flux.

[0030] A first rock temperature of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is determined from a first set of initial particle parameters, and a second rock temperature of neighboring particles in the matrix rock is determined from a second set of initial particle parameters. A second fundamental heat flux of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is determined based on the first and second rock temperatures. A second temperature variation function of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is then determined based on the second fundamental heat flux.

[0031] Step 105: The target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function are used as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse.

[0032] In practice, the target density change function is used to simulate the density change of particles during the ice-rock fracturing process, the target velocity change function is used to simulate the velocity change of particles during the ice-rock fracturing process, the target displacement change function is used to simulate the position change of particles during the ice-rock fracturing process, the first temperature change function is used to simulate the temperature change of particles in the fractured water body during the ice-rock fracturing process, and the second temperature change function is used to simulate the temperature change of particles in the matrix rock during the ice-rock fracturing process.

[0033] Step 106: Using the simulation function, simulate the ice-rock fracturing process during the time period from the initial time to the target time, and obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters and temperature field of the basic particles at the target time.

[0034] In practice, displacement and temperature boundaries are set. Based on the displacement and temperature boundaries, simulation functions are used to simulate the ice-rock fracturing process from the initial time to the target time, and the density field, velocity field, position parameters and temperature field of the basic particles at the target time are obtained.

[0035] Through the above embodiments, the target density change function is used to simulate the density change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, the target velocity change function is used to simulate the velocity change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, the target displacement change function is used to simulate the displacement change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, and the first temperature change function and the second temperature change function are used to simulate the temperature change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process. This enables the simulation of particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, and allows for real-time tracking of the temperature, displacement, stress, and damage state of each particle, thereby improving the simulation efficiency of ice-rock collapse.

[0036] In some embodiments, step 102 includes: Step 1021: Determine the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in the initial state based on the initial particle parameters; wherein the initial total stress tensor includes: the first initial total stress tensor of the base particle and the second initial total stress tensor of the neighboring particles.

[0037] In practice, the initial density and current density of the target particles are determined from the initial particle parameters. The relative density change parameter is determined based on the initial and current densities, and the isotropic pressure of the target particles is determined based on the relative density change parameter. The first normal strain in the first direction, the second normal strain in the second direction, and the third normal strain in the third direction of the target particles are determined from the initial particle parameters. The strain rate tensor of the target particles is determined based on the first, second, and third normal strains, and the anisotropic shear stress of the target particles is determined based on the strain rate tensor. The initial total stress tensor of the target particles in the initial state is determined based on the isotropic pressure and the anisotropic shear stress.

[0038] Step 1022: Determine the first initial relative velocity and the first initial moving velocity of the basic particle in the initial state from the first initial particle parameters, and determine the second initial mass of the neighboring particle in the initial state from the second initial particle parameters.

[0039] In practice, the first initial relative velocity of the fundamental particles in the initial state is determined from the first initial particle parameters. and initial movement speed And determine the second initial mass of the neighboring particles in the initial state from the second initial particle parameters. .

[0040] Step 1023: Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, determine the initial density change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial relative velocity and the second initial mass. , in, Basic particles The initial density change function in the initial state. Neighboring particles Total quantity Neighboring particles The second initial mass, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first initial relative velocity on the surface, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on.

[0041] Step 1024: Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, determine the initial velocity change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the second initial mass, the first initial total stress tensor, and the second initial total stress tensor. , in, Basic particles In the initial state, in the first direction The initial velocity change function on, Basic particles The first initial total stress tensor in the initial state Neighboring particles The second initial total stress tensor in the initial state Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles The first initial mass.

[0042] In practical implementation, in the above formula, when the fundamental particle With neighboring particles When the particles are the same, the Dirac function When the fundamental particles With neighboring particles When the particles are not the same, the Dirac function Artificial viscosity and artificial damping These are used to reduce non-physical vibrations and tensile instabilities, respectively. Additional force. It can be a fundamental particle The force of gravity acting on it.

[0043] Step 1025: Determine the initial displacement change parameters of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial moving velocity. , in, Basic particles The initial displacement change function in the initial state. Basic particles First direction The initial moving speed on the ground.

[0044] In practical implementation, the initial density change function, the initial velocity change function, and the initial displacement change parameter are used as the initial parameter change functions of the basic particle in the initial state, that is, the initial parameter change functions are expressed as: .

[0045] The above scheme determines the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state based on the initial particle parameters. The first initial relative velocity and first initial moving velocity of the base particle in its initial state are determined from the first initial particle parameters, and the second initial mass of neighboring particles in its initial state is determined from the second initial particle parameters. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial density change function of the base particle in its initial state is determined based on the first initial relative velocity and the second initial mass. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial velocity change function of the base particle in its initial state is determined based on the second initial mass, the first initial total stress tensor, and the second initial total stress tensor. The initial displacement change parameter of the base particle in its initial state is determined based on the first initial moving velocity. In this way, the initial parameter change functions of the base particle in its initial state can be accurately and comprehensively determined.

[0046] In some embodiments, step 1021 includes: Step 1021A: Determine the initial density and current density of the target particle from the initial particle parameters.

[0047] In practice, the initial density of the target particles is determined from the initial particle parameters. and current density The target particles include: fundamental particles and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the fundamental particles. The initial density of the target particles includes: the initial density of the fundamental particles. and the initial density of neighboring particles The current density of the target particle includes: the current density of the fundamental particles. and the current density of neighboring particles .

[0048] Step 1021B: Determine the density relative change parameter based on the initial density and the current density, and determine the isotropic pressure of the target particle based on the density relative change parameter.

[0049] In practice, the relative density change parameter is determined based on the initial density and the current density. Density relative change parameter This indicates the relative change in the target particle's current density compared to its initial density. The isotropic pressure of the target particle is determined based on this relative density change parameter. ,in, The isotropic pressure of the target particle (pressure-volume-energy equation of state). The relative density change parameter of the target particle. For the parameters of Gruensen, For Hugoniot curve functions, The current density of the target particle. The particle specific internal energy of the target particle.

[0050] For fundamental particles, the isotropic pressure of fundamental particles is expressed as: ,in, Basic particles isotropic pressure, Basic particles The density relative change parameter, For the parameters of Gruensen, For Hugoniot curve functions, Basic particles The current density, Basic particles The particle's internal energy.

[0051] For neighboring particles, the isotropic pressure of neighboring particles is expressed as: ,in, Neighboring particles isotropic pressure, Neighboring particles The density relative change parameter, For the parameters of Gruensen, For Hugoniot curve functions, Neighboring particles The current density, Neighboring particles The particle's internal energy.

[0052] Step 1021C: Determine the first normal strain in the first direction, the second normal strain in the second direction, and the third normal strain in the third direction of the target particle from the initial particle parameters.

[0053] In practice, the target particle is determined from the initial particle parameters in the first direction ( First normal strain (direction) In the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction) In the third party ( The third normal strain (direction) .

[0054] The target particles include: the fundamental particle and its neighboring particles within its influence domain. Specifically, the fundamental particle is determined from the initial particle parameters in the first direction (…). First normal strain (direction) In the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction) In the third party ( The third normal strain (direction) Determine the neighboring particles in the first direction from the initial particle parameters ( First normal strain (direction) In the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction) In the third party ( The third normal strain (direction) .

[0055] Step 1021D: Determine the strain rate tensor of the target particle based on the first normal strain, the second normal strain, and the third normal strain, and determine the anisotropic shear stress of the target particle based on the strain rate tensor.

[0056] In practice, the strain rate tensor of the target particle is determined based on the first normal strain, the second normal strain, and the third normal strain. ,in, Let be the first strain rate tensor of the target particle. For the target particle in the first direction ( The first normal strain in the direction) For the target particle in the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction), For the target particle in a third direction ( The third normal strain (direction), Let be the second strain rate tensor of the target particle. For the target particle in the first direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in the second direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in the first direction Position parameters on, For the target particle in the second direction Position parameters on.

[0057] For fundamental particles, the strain rate tensor is expressed as: ,in, Basic particles The first strain rate tensor Basic particles In the first direction ( The first normal strain in the direction) Basic particles In the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction), Basic particles In third-party ( The third normal strain (direction), Basic particles The second strain rate tensor, Basic particles First direction The speed of movement on the surface Basic particles Second direction The speed of movement on the surface Basic particles First direction Position parameters on, Basic particles Second direction Position parameters on.

[0058] For neighboring particles, the strain rate tensor of the neighboring particles is expressed as: ,in, Neighboring particles The first strain rate tensor Neighboring particles In the first direction ( The first normal strain in the direction) Neighboring particles In the second direction ( The second normal strain (direction), Neighboring particles In third-party ( The third normal strain (direction), Neighboring particles The second strain rate tensor, Neighboring particles First direction The speed of movement on the surface Neighboring particles Second direction The speed of movement on the surface Neighboring particles First direction Position parameters on, Neighboring particles Second direction Position parameters on.

[0059] The anisotropic shear stress of the target particle is determined based on the strain rate tensor. ,in, For the anisotropic shear stress of the target particle, The shear stress rate of the target particle. This is the shear modulus (proportional coefficient). The symbol for Kronecker. Let be the first strain rate tensor of the target particle. Let be the second strain rate tensor of the target particle.

[0060] For fundamental particles, the anisotropic shear stress of fundamental particles is expressed as: ,in, Basic particles Anisotropic shear stress, Basic particles shear stress rate, This is the shear modulus (proportional coefficient). The symbol for Kronecker. Basic particles The first strain rate tensor Basic particles The second strain rate tensor.

[0061] For neighboring particles, the anisotropic shear stress of the neighboring particles is expressed as: ,in, Neighboring particles Anisotropic shear stress, Neighboring particles shear stress rate, This is the shear modulus (proportional coefficient). The symbol for Kronecker. Neighboring particles The first strain rate tensor Neighboring particles The second strain rate tensor.

[0062] In addition, the torsional rate tensor can be considered when calculating anisotropic shear stress. The first torsional rate tensor is expressed as: ,in, Let be the first torsional tensor. For the target particle in the first direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in a third direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in the first direction Position parameters on, For the target particle in a third direction The positional parameters on the surface. The second torsional tensor is represented as: ,in, For the second torsional tensor, For the target particle in the second direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in a third direction The speed of movement on the surface For the target particle in the second direction Position parameters on, For the target particle in a third direction Position parameters on.

[0063] To ensure that the material information is consistent with the strain, the Jaumann ratio is introduced, and the shear stress rate is expressed as: ,in, This represents the corrected shear stress rate of the target particle. This is the shear modulus (proportional coefficient). The symbol for Kronecker. Let be the first strain rate tensor of the target particle. Let be the second strain rate tensor of the target particle. For the target particle in Anisotropic shear stress in the direction of For the target particle in Anisotropic shear stress in the direction of Let be the first torsional tensor. Let be the second torsional rate tensor.

[0064] Step 1021E: Determine the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in the initial state based on the isotropic pressure and the anisotropic shear stress.

[0065] In practice, the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state is determined based on isotropic pressure and anisotropic shear stress. ,in, Let be the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state. For the isotropic pressure of the target particle, The symbol for Kronecker. This represents the anisotropic shear stress of the target particle. In the above formula, when the coordinate direction... At that time, the Kronecker symbol When the coordinate direction At that time, the Kronecker symbol .

[0066] For a fundamental particle, the first initial total stress tensor of the fundamental particle is expressed as: ,in, Basic particles The first initial total stress tensor Basic particles isotropic pressure, The symbol for Kronecker. Basic particles Anisotropic shear stress.

[0067] For neighboring particles, the second initial total stress tensor of the neighboring particles is expressed as: ,in, Neighboring particles The second initial total stress tensor Neighboring particles isotropic pressure, The symbol for Kronecker. Neighboring particles Anisotropic shear stress.

[0068] The above scheme determines the initial and current densities of the target particles from the initial particle parameters. Based on these initial and current densities, a density relative change parameter is determined, and then the isotropic pressure of the target particles is determined. From the initial particle parameters, the first normal strain in the first direction, the second normal strain in the second direction, and the third normal strain in the third direction are determined. Based on the first, second, and third normal strains, the strain rate tensor of the target particles is determined, and the anisotropic shear stress of the target particles is determined. Based on the isotropic pressure and anisotropic shear stress, the initial total stress tensor of the target particles in the initial state is determined. Thus, the initial total stress tensor of the target particles in the initial state can be accurately calculated based on the initial particle parameters.

[0069] In some embodiments, step 103 includes: Step 1031: Determine the degree of particle damage by judging whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions.

[0070] In practice, the maximum and minimum principal stresses of neighboring particles relative to the base particle are determined, and the target stress of the neighboring particles relative to the base particle is determined based on these stresses. The target stress is compared with a preset stress threshold to determine if the neighboring particles meet the particle damage condition. If the target stress is greater than the preset stress threshold, the neighboring particles are determined to meet the particle damage condition and are recorded as damaged particles. The degree of particle damage is determined based on the number of damaged particles within a preset range around the base particle.

[0071] Step 1032: Based on the particle damage degree, it is determined that there are damaged particles in the ice-rock fracturing process. The updated particle parameters of the target particle in the ice-rock fracturing process are obtained. The updated particle parameters include: the first updated particle parameters of the base particle and the second updated particle parameters of the neighboring particles.

[0072] In practice, the presence of damaged particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the particle damage degree. The updated particle parameters of the target particles during the ice-rock fracturing process are obtained, and the target parameter change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the updated particle parameters.

[0073] Step 1033: Determine the updated total stress tensor of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the updated particle parameters; wherein the updated total stress tensor includes: the first updated total stress tensor of the base particle and the second updated total stress tensor of the neighboring particles.

[0074] In practice, the parameters of the first updated particle are used to determine the position of the neighboring particles. Undamaged basic particles First update total stress tensor Based on the second updated particle parameters, the neighboring particles are determined. Neighboring particles when undamaged Second update total stress tensor .

[0075] Step 1034: Determine the first relative update velocity and the first update movement velocity of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process from the first update particle parameters, and determine the second update mass of the neighboring particle during the ice-rock fracturing process from the second update particle parameters.

[0076] In practice, the first relative rate of change of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined from the first updated particle parameters. And the first update movement speed The second update mass of neighboring particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined from the second update particle parameters. .

[0077] Step 1035: Determine the target density change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the first update relative velocity and the second update mass. , in, Basic particles The target density change function during ice and rock fracturing. Undamaged particles Neighboring particles The second update quality, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first update relative speed, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on.

[0078] Step 1036: Determine the target velocity change function of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the second updated mass, the first updated total stress tensor, and the second updated total stress tensor. , in, Basic particles In the first direction during ice and rock fracturing The target velocity change function on, Undamaged particles To damage the particles, Neighboring particles The second update quality, For neighboring particles Undamaged basic particles The first update of the total stress tensor, For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when undamaged The second updated total stress tensor, Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, For neighboring particles When damaged, the basic particles The shear stress it is subjected to For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when damaged The shear stress it is subjected to Basic particles and the kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics of damaged particles, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles The first update quality.

[0079] In practical implementation, the kernel functions in the above formula satisfy the following relationship: ,in, Basic particles and the kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics of damaged particles, For coefficients, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on.

[0080] Step 1037: Determine the target displacement change function of the basic particle during the ice and rock fracturing process based on the first updated movement speed. , in, Basic particles The target displacement change function during the ice-rock fracturing process. Basic particles First direction The first update is the movement speed.

[0081] In practice, the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change parameter are used as the target parameter change functions of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process. That is, the target parameter change function is expressed as: .

[0082] The above scheme determines the particle damage degree by judging whether neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions. Based on the particle damage degree, it is determined that damaged particles exist during the ice-rock fracturing process, and the updated particle parameters of the target particle during this process are obtained. The updated total stress tensor of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the updated particle parameters. The first updated relative velocity and first updated movement velocity of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process are determined from the first updated particle parameters, and the second updated mass of neighboring particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined from the second updated particle parameters. The target density change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the first updated relative velocity and the second updated mass. The target velocity change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the second updated mass, the first updated total stress tensor, and the second updated total stress tensor. The target displacement change function of the base particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the first updated movement velocity. Thus, the particle density field can be accurately simulated based on the target density change function, the particle velocity field can be accurately simulated based on the target velocity change function, and the particle position parameters can be accurately simulated based on the target displacement change function.

[0083] In some embodiments, step 1031 includes: Step 1031A: Obtain the initial stress component of the neighboring particle on the base particle in the initial state, and determine the target stress component of the neighboring particle on the base particle after the ice-water phase transition based on the initial stress component.

[0084] In practice, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ice-water phase change process according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, considering the ice-water phase transition process, when the water temperature drops below 0°C, water molecules transform into ice particles. Due to the 9% volume expansion of ice, frost heave force is generated. Conversely, when the temperature rises above 0°C, the ice particles transform into water molecules, and their volume contracts. Under the condition of considering thermal stress, the frost heave force is replaced by thermal stress.

[0085] Specifically, the initial stress components of neighboring particles relative to the fundamental particles are obtained in the initial state, wherein the initial stress components include: in the first direction The first initial stress component on In the second direction The second initial stress component And in third parties The third initial stress component .

[0086] According to the first initial stress component Second initial stress component and the third initial stress component The target stress components of neighboring particles on fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition are determined. These target stress components include: in the first direction... The first target stress component In the second direction The second target stress component And in third parties The third target stress component .

[0087] , in, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition First direction The first target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition Second direction The second target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition In third party The third target stress component, For the neighboring particle to the fundamental particle in the initial state First direction The first initial stress component on, For the neighboring particle to the fundamental particle in the initial state Second direction The second initial stress component on, For the neighboring particle to the fundamental particle in the initial state In third party The third initial stress component on, Basic particles The pore water pressure it receives The thermal stress loading coefficient, Basic particles The coefficient of thermal expansion, Basic particles Temperature change This is the frost heave stress loading coefficient. This is the coefficient of frost heave. For the fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition The change in volume.

[0088] In the above formula, This is the portion representing the increase in thermal stress. This is the portion representing the increase in frost heave stress. , Poisson's ratio of the matrix rock For the elastic modulus of the matrix rock, when At that time, the frost heave stress loading coefficient ;when At that time, the frost heave stress loading coefficient Since seamless coupling between ice and rock cannot be achieved in practice, the frost heave stress loading coefficient is... Limited to the range of 0-1. Coefficient of frost heave. Approximately 9%.

[0089] Step 1031B: Determine the maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle based on the target stress component, and determine the target stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle based on the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress.

[0090] In practice, the failure initiation conditions are determined according to the failure criteria of ice and rock collapse, and the particle damage degree during the ice and rock collapse process is calculated; the failure type of damaged particles is determined by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tensile truncation, and the particle damage degree is calculated.

[0091] Determine the maximum principal stress of the neighboring particles on the fundamental particles based on the target stress components. ,in, This represents the maximum principal stress exerted by neighboring particles on the fundamental particles. For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition First direction The first target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition Second direction The second target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition In third party The third target stress component.

[0092] The minimum principal stress of neighboring particles on the fundamental particle is determined based on the target stress components. ,in, The minimum principal stress of a neighboring particle on a fundamental particle. For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition First direction The first target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition Second direction The second target stress component on, For neighboring particles to fundamental particles after the ice-water phase transition In third party The third target stress component.

[0093] Target stress includes maximum principal stress Or shear stress Specifically, the shear stress of neighboring particles on the foundation particles is determined based on the maximum and minimum principal stresses. ,in, This represents the shear stress exerted by neighboring particles on the fundamental particle. This represents the maximum principal stress exerted by neighboring particles on the fundamental particles. It represents the minimum principal stress of a neighboring particle on a fundamental particle.

[0094] Step 1031C: By comparing the target stress with a preset stress threshold, it is determined whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions.

[0095] In practical implementation, when the maximum principal stress is greater than or equal to the tensile strength If so, then the neighboring particles satisfy the particle damage condition. Alternatively, when the shear stress is greater than or equal to the shear strength... If so, then the neighboring particles are determined to meet the particle damage condition.

[0096] shear strength The determination process is as follows: obtain tensile strength According to tensile strength Determine the shear strength. ,in, For shear strength, The cohesion of the matrix rock, For tensile strength, It is the internal friction angle.

[0097] Step 1031D: In response to determining that the target stress is greater than a preset stress threshold, the neighboring particles are determined to meet the particle damage condition, and the neighboring particles are recorded as damaged particles. The particle damage degree is determined based on the number of damaged particles within a preset range around the base particle.

[0098] In practical implementation, when the maximum principal stress is greater than or equal to the tensile strength If the neighboring particles meet the particle damage condition, then the neighboring particles are recorded as damaged particles. Alternatively, when the shear stress is greater than or equal to the shear strength... If the neighboring particles satisfy the particle damage condition, then the neighboring particles are recorded as damaged particles.

[0099] The number of damaged particles among neighboring particles and the total number of neighboring particles are counted, and the ratio of the number of damaged particles to the total number of neighboring particles is used as the particle damage degree. ,in, For particle damage degree, The number of damaging particles within the influence domain of the basic particle. It is the total number of neighboring particles within the influence field of the basic particle.

[0100] In the above formula, the influence domain of the fundamental particle can be twice the nuclear radius of the fundamental particle. In this scenario, The number of damaged particles within twice the nuclear radius of the basic particle. It is the total number of neighboring particles within twice the nuclear radius of the basic particle.

[0101] The above scheme obtains the initial stress components of neighboring particles on the base particle in the initial state. Based on these initial stress components, the target stress components of neighboring particles on the base particle after the ice-water phase transition are determined. The maximum and minimum principal stresses of neighboring particles on the base particle are determined based on the target stress components. The target stress of neighboring particles on the base particle is then determined based on these maximum and minimum principal stresses, allowing for accurate determination of the target stress on the base particle and thus accurate assessment of whether neighboring particles are damaged. By comparing the target stress with a preset stress threshold, it is determined whether neighboring particles meet the particle damage condition. If the target stress is greater than the preset stress threshold, the neighboring particle is determined to meet the particle damage condition and is recorded as a damaged particle. The degree of particle damage is determined based on the number of damaged particles within a preset range around the base particle. This allows for accurate identification of damaged particles from among neighboring particles, thus accurately determining the degree of particle damage based on the number of damaged particles.

[0102] In some embodiments, step 104 includes: Step 1041: Determine the first water temperature of the base particles in the fractured water body from the first initial particle parameters, and determine the second water temperature of the neighboring particles in the fractured water body from the second initial particle parameters.

[0103] In practice, when calculating the temperature field changes in fractured rock masses, it is mainly divided into fractured water and matrix rock components. For the fractured water component, the flow of water carries away heat, so the diffusion term needs to be considered simultaneously.

[0104] The initial water temperature of the fundamental particles in the fractured water body is determined from the initial particle parameters. The second water temperature of neighboring particles in the fractured water body is determined from the second initial particle parameters. .

[0105] Step 1042: Determine the first basic heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the temperature of the first water body and the temperature of the second water body. , in, Basic particles The first fundamental heat flow in fractured water bodies The thermal diffusivity of water is... The total number of neighboring particles. For neighboring particles in fractured water quality For neighboring particles in fractured water density, For fundamental particles in fractured water The first water temperature, For neighboring particles in fractured water The temperature of the second water body, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles The property parameters.

[0106] In practice, the initial fundamental heat flux of the fundamental particles in fractured water is determined based on the field function of the fundamental particles. When the fundamental particles... Property parameters When the heat flow is considered, it is based on the temperature of the first water body. Second water body temperature The first fundamental heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body is obtained. Specifically, the thermal distribution change of the basic particles in the fractured water body is calculated according to the thermal convection-diffusion equation, and the first fundamental heat flux is obtained by discrete solution based on the SPH algorithm.

[0107] Step 1043: Determine the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first basic heat flow. , in, Basic particles The first temperature change function in fractured water. For neighboring particles in fractured water Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The first adjacent heat flow in the fractured water body.

[0108] In practical implementation, in the above formula, the first temperature change function It is the first basic heat flow The derivative. Neighboring particles in fractured water. Specific heat capacity It is approximately 4200 J / (kg·℃).

[0109] Step 1044: Determine the first rock temperature of the base particles in the matrix rock from the first initial particle parameters, and determine the second rock temperature of the neighboring particles in the matrix rock from the second initial particle parameters.

[0110] In practice, the first rock temperature of the basic particles in the matrix rock is determined from the first initial particle parameters. And determine the second rock temperature of neighboring particles in the matrix rock from the second initial particle parameters. .

[0111] Step 1045: Determine the second basic heat flux of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first rock temperature and the second rock temperature. , in, Basic particles The second fundamental heat flow in matrix rocks, The thermal diffusivity of the rock is... The total number of neighboring particles. Undamaged particles For neighboring particles in matrix rocks quality For neighboring particles in matrix rocks density, For the basic particles in matrix rocks The first rock temperature, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks The second rock temperature, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles The property parameters.

[0112] In practice, the second fundamental heat flux of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is determined based on the field function of the fundamental particles. When the fundamental particles Property parameters When the heat flow is determined, it is based on the temperature of the first rock. Second rock temperature The second fundamental heat flux of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is obtained. Specifically, the thermal distribution change of the fundamental particles in the matrix rock is calculated according to the thermal convection-diffusion equation, and the second fundamental heat flux is obtained by discrete solution based on the SPH algorithm.

[0113] Step 1046: Determine the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the second basic heat flow. , in, Basic particles The second temperature change function in matrix rocks, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The second nearest heat flow in the matrix rock.

[0114] In practical implementation, in the above formula, the second temperature change function It is the second basic heat flow The derivative. Neighboring particles in matrix rocks. Specific heat capacity It is approximately 690 J / (kg·℃).

[0115] The above scheme determines the first water temperature of the basic particles in the fractured water body from the first initial particle parameters, and the second water temperature of neighboring particles in the fractured water body from the second initial particle parameters. The first basic heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body is determined based on the first and second water temperatures. A first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body is then determined based on the first basic heat flux. Similarly, the first rock temperature of the basic particles in the matrix rock is determined from the first initial particle parameters, and the second rock temperature of neighboring particles in the matrix rock is determined based on the second initial particle parameters. The second basic heat flux of the basic particles in the matrix rock is then determined based on the first and second rock temperatures. Finally, a second temperature change function of the basic particles in the rock is determined based on the first particle parameters. Thus, the temperature changes of particles in the fractured water body can be accurately simulated based on the first temperature change function, and the temperature changes of particles in the matrix rock can be accurately simulated based on the second temperature change function.

[0116] In some embodiments, step 106 includes: Step 1061: Using the simulation function, simulate the ice-rock fracturing process over the time interval from the initial time to the target time, and obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the fundamental particles at the target time. , in, At the initial moment, To calculate the time step, For the target time, Basic particles The density field at the target time, Basic particles The density at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of density, Basic particles The velocity field at the target time, Basic particles The velocity at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of velocity, Basic particles Position parameters at the target time. Basic particles At the position at the initial time. Basic particles The rate of change of position, Basic particles The temperature field at the target time, Basic particles The temperature at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of temperature change.

[0117] In practical implementation, the temperature change rate in the above formula... It can be represented as .

[0118] To realize the sliding behavior of slopes in cold regions under freeze-thaw conditions after particle damage, damaged particles are converted into discontinuous particles (DPs) after rock mass fracturing. A contact strategy following Newton's second law is proposed after cracking to achieve contact behavior (i.e., frictional sliding and toppling failure) of rock blocks along the fracture surface. Damaged SPH particles are converted into DPs. A linked list search algorithm is used to perform a search cycle for each particle to update its position and influence domain, thereby pairing particles. Particle contact pair search is performed, and the contact force of the intact particle IP is calculated. The governing equations of the intact particle IP are as follows: , in, Basic particles External forces acting on it (such as gravity). Basic particles The normal contact force received, Basic particles The shear force (or tangential contact force) applied.

[0119] Particle contact pair search, calculation of contact force of discontinuous particle DP, the governing equations of discontinuous particle DP are as follows: , in, discontinuous particles The density change function, discontinuous particles First direction The velocity change function on, discontinuous particles The normal contact force received, discontinuous particles The shear force (or tangential contact force) applied. discontinuous particles First direction External forces acting on the surface discontinuous particles quality discontinuous particles The displacement change function, discontinuous particles First direction The speed of movement on the surface.

[0120] Assuming the frost heave degradation behavior is as follows: particle breakage creates cracks, which instantly fill with water / ice, thus affecting the entire temperature field again, the final governing equations for PT-HM-SPH are derived, and expressed as: , After determining the simulation function, the process also includes: setting displacement and temperature boundaries; and using the simulation function based on these boundaries to simulate the ice-rock fracturing process from the initial time to the target time, obtaining the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the basic particles at the target time. In the processing and modeling of the Phase Change-Water-Thermo-Mechanical Coupling (PT-THM-SPH) unified architecture, clearly defined boundary conditions are crucial. This embodiment does not use virtual particles to set boundaries; instead, it uses defined model surface particles to distinguish boundary particles from the main model particles.

[0121] Displacement boundaries are primarily used to define the motion range of the model, constraining it within a certain area for simulation. Displacement boundary handling mainly involves applying constraints to boundary particles, fixing their velocity and acceleration, and simultaneously stopping the updating of the contact forces between boundary particles and the main particles. This prevents the main particles from crossing the boundary, effectively fixing the model within a specific range. Displacement boundaries are represented as follows: ,in, Let be the acceleration of the boundary particles on the displacement boundary. Let be the velocity of the boundary particle on the displacement boundary.

[0122] To ensure computational stability in the rock domain, the XSPH velocity correction method was incorporated into the SPH exception strategy. In the SPH method, the relationship between particle displacement and velocity can be expressed as: To mitigate particle velocity oscillations caused by the integration of the momentum equation and to further prevent penetration between SPH particles, the following alternative velocity correction method was adopted as the corrected displacement boundary: ,in, Basic particles With neighboring particles average density, It is a constant. Under significant tensile forces, using the modified displacement boundary described above can prevent irregular numerical peaks in particle velocities. For SPH particles, a threshold is used to achieve computational stability. Or higher values. It is worth noting that, in this embodiment of the disclosure, when When the value is greater than 0.3, the difference in the final rock mass fracture result is not significant.

[0123] There are two types of temperature boundaries. The first type is mainly used for temperature conduction. By applying a certain temperature to this part of the temperature boundary and then conducting the temperature field through particles with temperature differences, the idea of ​​transmitting external temperature changes into the interior of the main particles is realized. The second type of temperature boundary is mainly used to isolate conduction. Since the model has a boundary section, the surface particles, which are fixed as displacement boundaries, do not participate in the model's motion and do not experience temperature changes. Therefore, the parameters of this part of the boundary are also fixed. No heat flux occurs on the isothermal boundary, and it does not participate in the update between the particles and the main particles. The temperature boundary is represented as: ,in, The rate of temperature change of the boundary particles on the temperature boundary. Let be the current temperature of the boundary particles on the temperature boundary. The set temperature for boundary particles on the temperature boundary.

[0124] To achieve temperature transfer at the boundary, a temperature averaging method was employed, referencing the XSPH method for averaging displacement and velocity, and also performing corresponding averaging for temperature. The modified temperature boundary is represented as follows: ,in, This is the temperature smoothing coefficient. It is usually a positive number less than 1.

[0125] By setting displacement and temperature boundaries, the complexity and computational load caused by virtual particle boundaries can be reduced, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation. This is especially true when dealing with problems with complex geometries and boundary conditions; appropriately setting boundary conditions can optimize the rationality of the numerical model.

[0126] The frog-leap algorithm is used to calculate the final velocity field, temperature field, damage distribution, phase transition state, and position information of particles at a single time step, forming a single loop. If the loop is not completed, it returns to step 102 and continues to loop until the predetermined total time step is reached. The frog-leap algorithm is used to perform time integration, and the final density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of each particle are obtained recursively.

[0127] By using the above scheme and the simulation function of ice and rock collapse, it is possible to accurately simulate the changes in density, velocity, displacement and temperature of particles from the initial moment to the target moment.

[0128] Through the above embodiments, the target density change function is used to simulate the density change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, the target velocity change function is used to simulate the velocity change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, the target displacement change function is used to simulate the displacement change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, and the first temperature change function and the second temperature change function are used to simulate the temperature change during particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process. This enables the simulation of particle transport in the ice-rock collapse process, and allows for real-time tracking of the temperature, displacement, stress, and damage state of each particle, thereby improving the simulation efficiency of ice-rock collapse.

[0129] It should be noted that the embodiments of this disclosure can also be further described in the following ways: Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the SPH slope model and boundary condition settings under freeze-thaw cycle conditions according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of this disclosure, a typical steep rock slope model of a test area is established. In the PT-HM-DSPH model, the average length of the intermittent joints distributed on the upper part of the slope is about 1.5m, the thickness is 0.15m, the average joint spacing is about 1.2m, and the joint density is 0.15; the dip angle is 30°. The total number of SPH entity particles is 25492, and the number of joint particles is about 3456. The initial particle spacing is set to 0.2m. To prevent false viscosity caused by an excessively large smooth core radius, the smooth core radius is set to about 1 times the initial particle spacing (h=0.2m) for stress calculation, but 1 times the initial particle spacing (h=0.2m) is used for temperature field calculation. Considering the stability of the calculation, the time step is set to 1×10. -5Step / s. Strength parameters, thermal conductivity, and other physical properties are shown in Table 1. All physical properties can be obtained on-site.

[0130] Table 1. Mechanical and physical parameters of freeze-thaw slopes

[0131] It is worth noting that a gravity amplification scheme is used here, which leads to amplification of the temperature correlation coefficient and the time scale accordingly. The specific amplification factor is consistent with the gravitational acceleration amplification factor. Here, the coefficient used for XSPH is 0.3, the coefficient for artificial viscosity is set to 0.1, and the coefficient for temperature using XSPH is also 0.3. The impact of artificial stress on the slope will be compared later, but it is not currently included in this scheme.

[0132] Regarding boundary settings, it can be seen that this simulation uses a total of four types of boundaries (two displacement boundaries and two temperature boundaries): Applying temperature boundaries is crucial to ensuring stable freeze-thaw transfer. First, a stable temperature field is applied, setting the slope surface at the temperature input boundary of the freeze-thaw cycle. The bottom and the upper part of the low water head on the right side of the slope are non-heat transfer boundaries. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the final stable temperature distribution is plotted according to the laws of thermodynamics. Natural gravity is then applied, along with two types of displacement boundaries: lateral constraints on the left and right sides, and a fully constrained vertical and lateral boundary at the bottom. Gravity redistribution under stable temperature conditions is obtained based on temperature-stress characteristics. Finally, the stress field and temperature stabilize (approximately 10,000 steps). Freeze-thaw cycle boundaries are applied, considering the effects of rainfall gravity and crack distribution. Based on the laws of thermodynamics, the instantaneous freeze-thaw temperature field and the distribution of thermal and frost heave stresses are obtained. Simultaneously, the gravitational acceleration in the slope is amplified tenfold to accelerate the crack initiation and failure process, and the simulation continues for another 100,000 steps. Considering potential boundary truncation, all stress and temperature boundaries are three-layered, with temperature and displacement boundaries that can be superimposed and reused, as solutions can be obtained using two different smoothing kernel functions. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating simulation results of an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the input freeze-thaw cycle curve is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in (a): based on 0.5 freeze-thaw cycles, which is 24,000 steps, Figure 4 (c) The temperature transfer under different time steps is shown. The temperature transfer is very smooth, indicating that the temperature transfer has good adaptability to the macro slope. In addition, it can be seen that the 0 temperature reaches more than 10m, which is consistent with the effective freeze-thaw depth of the test area.

[0133] Step 1: Assign initial parameters to the ice-rock collapse model, including material parameters (rock property parameters, freeze-thaw temperature parameters) and boundary conditions (geostress boundary and freeze-thaw temperature boundary), etc.

[0134] Step 2 involves calculating key parameters for model particles at a single time step. This includes pairing particles based on a link list search method (field function and its derivative), calculating density rate changes, internal force changes (initial total stress tensor), calculating real-time temperature changes and phase transition processes of the matrix and fissure ice-water under freeze-thaw conditions (heat flux and temperature change function of basic particles), calculating stress state (stress components) considering ice-water phase transition and freeze-thaw, determining particle damage based on maximum principal stress or shear stress, calculating particle damage degree, calculating stress state of particles after damage (target parameter change function), transforming damaged particles into contact surfaces, and calculating contact forces (control equations for intact particle IP and discontinuous particle DP). Finally, the characteristic parameter values ​​of particles within a single time step under freeze-thaw conditions are obtained based on the simulation function.

[0135] Step 3: Perform time integration on the key parameters within a single time step to obtain the characteristic parameter values ​​of the particle at each time step.

[0136] Step 4: Determine whether the calculation step has reached the set calculation step. If the maximum calculation step has not been reached, repeat steps 2 to 3. If the maximum calculation step has been reached, i.e., the tunnel has been reached, then the calculation is terminated.

[0137] This disclosure relates to the field of geological engineering technology, and particularly to a simulation method for rockfall disasters caused by freeze-thaw cycles on steep rock slopes under extreme climatic conditions in western China. This disclosure is based on the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) theoretical framework. For the first time, the SPH method introduces frost heave stress caused by temperature changes, thermal stress, and block contact criteria after fracture. This disclosure can effectively construct a fully coupled SPH freeze-thaw fracture model. The PT-TM-SPH method, because it does not require traditional mesh generation, has significant advantages in handling complex temperature boundaries and large deformation problems. The SPH method can naturally adapt to the heterogeneity and irregular boundaries in the slope medium. Since the SPH method is a continuous method and its parameters are easy to calibrate, it is suitable for large-scale slopes. The method of this disclosure not only has significant advantages in rock slope engineering but also provides a powerful tool and broad prospects for tunnel engineering research and application.

[0138] This disclosure realizes the entire evolution of frozen rock masses under frost heave, from continuous deformation to crack initiation and block fragmentation. Traditional mesh-based methods (e.g., FEM) often terminate calculations due to mesh stretching / torsion, while the SPH method discretizes the rock mass using particles and calculates the mechanical response through inter-particle interpolation, adapting to large deformations without mesh reconstruction. This advantage is particularly prominent in the simulation of freeze-thaw rockfalls on cold slopes, where the SPH method successfully captures the dynamic process of "crack penetration - sliding shear" caused by frost heave. Using particles as computational units, the SPH method can track the temperature, displacement, stress, and damage state of each particle in real time, providing direct data support for revealing the evolution mechanism of "microscopic frost heave → macroscopic fracture" within frozen rock masses. Furthermore, this disclosure is computationally efficient, improving computational efficiency by approximately 25 times compared to mainstream freeze-thaw slope stability simulation methods such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Hybrid Discrete Element Method (HEM). Microscopic particle mechanical parameters can directly characterize macroscopic properties, requiring fewer parameters for manual adjustment and simplifying parameter acquisition. Compared to the traditional fracture-based SPH method, the SPH method is based on crack-contact coupling and superimposed with freeze-thaw cycle effects, which makes the SPH method more efficient in realizing the entire freeze-thaw landslide process and does not require stress redistribution.

[0139] It should be noted that the method of this disclosure embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method of this embodiment can also be applied to a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method of this disclosure embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0140] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0141] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides a simulation device for ice and rock collapse.

[0142] refer to Figure 5 The ice-rock collapse simulation device includes: The acquisition module 301 is configured to acquire the initial particle parameters of the target particle in the initial state, wherein the target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle, and the initial particle parameters include: a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. The initial change function determination module 302 is configured to determine the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter using smooth particle hydrodynamics. The target change function determination module 303 is configured to determine the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process in response to determining that there are damaging particles during the ice-rock fracturing process. The temperature change function determination module 304 is configured to determine the first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first initial particle parameters, and to determine the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters. The simulation function determination module 305 is configured to use the target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse. The ice-rock collapse simulation module 306 is configured to use the simulation function to simulate the ice-rock collapse process over a time period from the initial time to the target time, and to obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters and temperature field of the basic particles at the target time.

[0143] In some embodiments, the initial change function determination module 302 includes: An initial total stress tensor determination unit is configured to determine the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in an initial state based on the initial particle parameters; wherein the initial total stress tensor includes: a first initial total stress tensor of the base particle and a second initial total stress tensor of the neighboring particles; The initial particle parameter determination unit is configured to determine, from the first initial particle parameters, the first initial relative velocity and the first initial moving velocity of the base particle in the initial state, and to determine, from the second initial particle parameters, the second initial mass of the neighboring particle in the initial state. The initial density change function determination unit is configured to determine the initial density change function of the fundamental particle in the initial state based on the first initial relative velocity and the second initial mass using smooth particle hydrodynamics. , in, Basic particles The initial density change function in the initial state. Neighboring particles Total quantity Neighboring particles The second initial mass, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first initial relative velocity on the surface, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on; The initial velocity change function determination unit is configured to determine the initial velocity change function of the fundamental particle in the initial state using smooth particle hydrodynamics, based on the second initial mass, the first initial total stress tensor, and the second initial total stress tensor. , in, Basic particles In the initial state, in the first direction The initial velocity change function on, Basic particles The first initial total stress tensor in the initial state Neighboring particles The second initial total stress tensor in the initial state Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles The first initial mass; The initial displacement change function determination unit is configured to determine the initial displacement change parameters of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial moving velocity. , in, Basic particles The initial displacement change function in the initial state. Basic particles First direction The initial moving speed on the ground.

[0144] In some embodiments, the initial total stress tensor determination unit includes: A density determination subunit is configured to determine the initial density and current density of the target particle from the initial particle parameters; An isotropic pressure determination subunit is configured to determine a density relative change parameter based on the initial density and the current density, and to determine the isotropic pressure of the target particle based on the density relative change parameter. The normal strain determination subunit is configured to determine, from the initial particle parameters, a first normal strain in a first direction, a second normal strain in a second direction, and a third normal strain in a third direction for the target particle. An anisotropic shear stress determination subunit is configured to determine the strain rate tensor of the target particle based on the first normal strain, the second normal strain, and the third normal strain, and to determine the anisotropic shear stress of the target particle based on the strain rate tensor. An initial total stress tensor determination subunit is configured to determine the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state based on the isotropic pressure and the anisotropic shear stress.

[0145] In some embodiments, the target change function determination module 303 includes: The particle damage degree determination unit is configured to determine the particle damage degree by judging whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions. The particle parameter acquisition unit is configured to determine, based on the particle damage degree, that damaged particles exist during the ice-rock avalanche process, and to acquire the updated particle parameters of the target particle during the ice-rock avalanche process. The updated particle parameters include: the first updated particle parameters of the base particle and the second updated particle parameters of the neighboring particles. The updated total stress tensor determination unit is configured to determine the updated total stress tensor of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the updated particle parameters; wherein the updated total stress tensor includes: the first updated total stress tensor of the base particle and the second updated total stress tensor of the neighboring particles; The particle parameter determination unit is configured to determine, from the first updated particle parameters, the first updated relative velocity and the first updated moving velocity of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process, and from the second updated particle parameters, the second updated mass of the neighboring particle during the ice-rock fracturing process. The target density change function determination unit is configured to determine the target density change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the first update relative velocity and the second update mass. , in, Basic particles The target density change function during ice and rock fracturing. Undamaged particles Neighboring particles The second update quality, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first update relative speed, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on; The target velocity change function determination unit is configured to determine the target velocity change function of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the second updated mass, the first updated total stress tensor, and the second updated total stress tensor. , in, Basic particles In the first direction during ice and rock fracturing The target velocity change function on, Undamaged particles To damage the particles, Neighboring particles The second update quality, For neighboring particles Undamaged basic particles The first update of the total stress tensor, For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when undamaged The second updated total stress tensor, Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, For neighboring particles When damaged, the basic particles The shear stress it is subjected to For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when damaged The shear stress it is subjected to Basic particles and the kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics of damaged particles, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles First update quality; The target displacement change function determination unit is configured to determine the target displacement change function of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process based on the first updated moving velocity. , in, Basic particles The target displacement change function during the ice-rock fracturing process. Basic particles First direction The first update is the movement speed.

[0146] In some embodiments, the particle damage determination unit includes: The target stress component determination subunit is configured to acquire the initial stress component of the neighboring particle to the base particle in the initial state, and determine the target stress component of the neighboring particle to the base particle after the ice-water phase transition based on the initial stress component. The target stress determination subunit is configured to determine the maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle based on the target stress component, and to determine the target stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle based on the maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress. The comparison processing subunit is configured to determine whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions by comparing the target stress with a preset stress threshold. The particle damage degree determination subunit is configured to, in response to determining that the target stress is greater than a preset stress threshold, determine that the neighboring particles meet the particle damage condition, record the neighboring particles as damaged particles, and determine the particle damage degree based on the number of damaged particles within a preset range around the base particle.

[0147] In some embodiments, the temperature change function determination module 304 includes: The water temperature determination unit is configured to determine the first water temperature of the base particles in the fractured water body from the first initial particle parameters, and to determine the second water temperature of the neighboring particles in the fractured water body from the second initial particle parameters. The first basic heat flux determination unit is configured to determine the first basic heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the temperature of the first water body and the temperature of the second water body. , in, Basic particles The first fundamental heat flow in fractured water bodies The thermal diffusivity of water is... The total number of neighboring particles. For neighboring particles in fractured water quality For neighboring particles in fractured water density, For fundamental particles in fractured water The first water temperature, For neighboring particles in fractured water The temperature of the second water body, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Property parameters; The first temperature change function determination unit is configured to determine the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first basic heat flux. , in, Basic particles The first temperature change function in fractured water. For neighboring particles in fractured water Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The first adjacent heat flow in fractured water; The rock temperature determination unit is configured to determine a first rock temperature of a base particle in the matrix rock from the first initial particle parameters, and to determine a second rock temperature of a neighboring particle in the matrix rock from the second initial particle parameters. The second basic heat flow determination unit is configured to determine the second basic heat flow of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first rock temperature and the second rock temperature. , in, Basic particles The second fundamental heat flow in matrix rocks, The thermal diffusivity of the rock is... The total number of neighboring particles. Undamaged particles For neighboring particles in matrix rocks quality For neighboring particles in matrix rocks density, For the basic particles in matrix rocks The first rock temperature, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks The second rock temperature, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Property parameters; The second temperature change function determination unit is configured to determine the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the second basic heat flow. , in, Basic particles The second temperature change function in matrix rocks, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The second nearest heat flow in the matrix rock.

[0148] In some embodiments, the ice-rock collapse simulation module 306 includes: The ice-rock fracturing simulation unit is configured to use the simulation function to simulate the ice-rock fracturing process over a time period from an initial time to a target time, and to obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the fundamental particles at the target time. , in, At the initial moment, To calculate the time step, For the target time, Basic particles The density field at the target time, Basic particles The density at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of density, Basic particles The velocity field at the target time, Basic particles The velocity at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of velocity, Basic particles Position parameters at the target time. Basic particles At the position at the initial time. Basic particles The rate of change of position, Basic particles The temperature field at the target time, Basic particles The temperature at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of temperature change.

[0149] For ease of description, the above apparatus is described in terms of its functions, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this disclosure, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0150] The apparatus described above is used to implement the corresponding ice and rock collapse simulation method in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0151] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the simulation method of ice and rock collapse described in any of the above embodiments.

[0152] Figure 6This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device. The device may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0153] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0154] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0155] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0156] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect the communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), network cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI (Wireless Fidelity), Bluetooth, etc.).

[0157] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0158] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0159] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the corresponding ice and rock collapse simulation methods in any of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0160] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the simulation method of ice and rock collapse as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0161] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0162] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the simulation method of ice and rock collapse as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0163] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are run on a computer, the computer executes the simulation method of ice and rock collapse as described in any of the above embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0164] It is understood that before using the technical solutions of the various embodiments in this disclosure, users will be informed of the type, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in an appropriate manner, and user authorization will be obtained.

[0165] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose, based on the prompt message, whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware such as electronic devices, applications, servers, or storage media performing the operations of this disclosed technical solution.

[0166] As an optional but not limited implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0167] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation of this disclosure. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0168] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure is limited to these examples; within the framework of this disclosure, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0169] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this disclosure, the provided drawings may or may not show well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this disclosure, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this disclosure will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0170] Although this disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0171] This disclosure is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this disclosure. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method of simulating ice rock avalanche fracture, characterized by, The method includes: Obtain the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state, wherein the target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle, and the initial particle parameters include: a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state is determined based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter; In response to the determination that damaging particles exist during ice and rock fracturing, the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice and rock fracturing process are determined; The first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body are determined based on the first initial particle parameters, and the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock are determined based on the first initial particle parameters. The target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function are used as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse. Using the simulation function, the ice-rock fracturing process is simulated over a time period from the initial moment to the target moment, and the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the basic particles at the target moment are obtained.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method of determining the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state using smooth particle hydrodynamics, based on the first initial particle parameters and the second initial particle parameters, includes: The initial total stress tensor of the target particle in the initial state is determined based on the initial particle parameters; wherein, the initial total stress tensor includes: the first initial total stress tensor of the base particle and the second initial total stress tensor of the neighboring particles; The first initial relative velocity and the first initial moving velocity of the base particle in the initial state are determined from the first initial particle parameters, and the second initial mass of the neighboring particle in the initial state is determined from the second initial particle parameters. Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial density change function of the fundamental particle in the initial state is determined based on the first initial relative velocity and the second initial mass. ， in, Basic particles The initial density change function in the initial state. Neighboring particles Total quantity Neighboring particles The second initial mass, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first initial relative velocity on the surface, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on; Using smooth particle hydrodynamics, the initial velocity change function of the fundamental particle in the initial state is determined based on the second initial mass, the first initial total stress tensor, and the second initial total stress tensor. ， in, Basic particles In the initial state, in the first direction The initial velocity change function on, Basic particles The first initial total stress tensor in the initial state Neighboring particles The second initial total stress tensor in the initial state Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles The first initial mass; The initial displacement change parameters of the basic particle in the initial state are determined based on the first initial moving velocity. ， in, Basic particles The initial displacement change function in the initial state. Basic particles First direction The initial moving speed on the ground.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state based on the initial particle parameters includes: The initial density and current density of the target particle are determined from the initial particle parameters; The density relative change parameter is determined based on the initial density and the current density, and the isotropic pressure of the target particle is determined based on the density relative change parameter. The first normal strain, the second normal strain, and the third normal strain of the target particle in the first direction are determined from the initial particle parameters. The strain rate tensor of the target particle is determined based on the first normal strain, the second normal strain, and the third normal strain, and the anisotropic shear stress of the target particle is determined based on the strain rate tensor. The initial total stress tensor of the target particle in its initial state is determined based on the isotropic pressure and the anisotropic shear stress.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response to determining the presence of damaging particles during ice-rock fracturing includes determining the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process, including: The degree of particle damage is determined by judging whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions. Based on the particle damage degree, it is determined that there are damaged particles in the ice-rock fracturing process. The updated particle parameters of the target particle in the ice-rock fracturing process are obtained. The updated particle parameters include: the first updated particle parameters of the base particle and the second updated particle parameters of the neighboring particles. The updated total stress tensor of the target particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the updated particle parameters; wherein, the updated total stress tensor includes: the first updated total stress tensor of the base particle and the second updated total stress tensor of the neighboring particles; The first relative update velocity and the first update movement velocity of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process are determined from the first update particle parameters, and the second update mass of the neighboring particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined from the second update particle parameters. The target density change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the first update relative velocity and the second update mass. ， in, Basic particles The target density change function during ice and rock fracturing. Undamaged particles Neighboring particles The second update quality, Basic particles Relative neighboring particles First direction The first update relative speed, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on; The target velocity change function of the basic particle during the ice-rock fracturing process is determined based on the second updated mass, the first updated total stress tensor, and the second updated total stress tensor. ， in, Basic particles In the first direction during ice and rock fracturing The target velocity change function on, Undamaged particles To damage the particles, Neighboring particles The second update quality, For neighboring particles Undamaged basic particles The first update of the total stress tensor, For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when undamaged The second updated total stress tensor, Basic particles First density, Neighboring particles The second density, For the Dirac function, Artificial viscosity, Artificial damping, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Second direction The property parameters on, For neighboring particles When damaged, the basic particles The shear stress it is subjected to For neighboring particles Neighboring particles when damaged The shear stress it is subjected to Basic particles and the kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics of damaged particles, Basic particles Additional force received, Basic particles First update quality; The target displacement change function of the basic particle during the ice and rock fracturing process is determined based on the first updated movement speed. ， in, Basic particles The target displacement change function during the ice-rock fracturing process. Basic particles First direction The first update is the movement speed.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the degree of particle damage by judging whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions includes: Obtain the initial stress component of the neighboring particle on the base particle in the initial state, and determine the target stress component of the neighboring particle on the base particle after the ice-water phase transition based on the initial stress component. The maximum principal stress and minimum principal stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle are determined based on the target stress component, and the target stress of the neighboring particle relative to the base particle is determined based on the maximum principal stress and the minimum principal stress. By comparing the target stress with a preset stress threshold, it is determined whether the neighboring particles meet the particle damage conditions. In response to determining that the target stress is greater than a preset stress threshold, the neighboring particles are determined to meet the particle damage condition, and the neighboring particles are recorded as damaged particles. The particle damage degree is determined based on the number of damaged particles within a preset range around the base particle.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first basic heat flux and first temperature change function of the basic particles in fractured water based on the first initial particle parameters, and determining the second basic heat flux and second temperature change function of the basic particles in matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters, includes: The first water temperature of the base particles in the fractured water body is determined from the first initial particle parameters, and the second water temperature of the neighboring particles in the fractured water body is determined from the second initial particle parameters. The first basic heat flux of the basic particles in the fractured water body is determined based on the temperatures of the first and second water bodies. ， in, Basic particles The first fundamental heat flow in fractured water bodies The thermal diffusivity of water is... The total number of neighboring particles. For neighboring particles in fractured water quality For neighboring particles in fractured water density, For fundamental particles in fractured water The first water temperature, For neighboring particles in fractured water The temperature of the second water body, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Property parameters; The first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body is determined based on the first basic heat flow. ， in, Basic particles The first temperature change function in fractured water. For neighboring particles in fractured water Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The first adjacent heat flow in fractured water; A first rock temperature of the basic particles in the matrix rock is determined from the first initial particle parameters, and a second rock temperature of the neighboring particles in the matrix rock is determined from the second initial particle parameters; The second basic heat flux of the basic particles in the matrix rock is determined based on the first rock temperature and the second rock temperature. ， in, Basic particles The second fundamental heat flow in matrix rocks, The thermal diffusivity of the rock. The total number of neighboring particles. Undamaged particles For neighboring particles in matrix rocks quality For neighboring particles in matrix rocks density, For the basic particles in matrix rocks The first rock temperature, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks The second rock temperature, Basic particles and neighboring particles The kernel function of smooth particle hydrodynamics, Basic particles Property parameters; The second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock is determined based on the second basic heat flow. ， in, Basic particles The second temperature variation function in matrix rocks, For neighboring particles in matrix rocks Specific heat capacity, Neighboring particles The second nearest heat flow in the matrix rock.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulation function is used to simulate the ice-rock fracturing process over a time period from the initial moment to the target moment, obtaining the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the fundamental particles at the target moment, including: Using the aforementioned simulation function, the ice-rock fracturing process is simulated over a time interval from the initial moment to the target moment, yielding the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the fundamental particles at the target moment. ， in, At the initial moment, To calculate the time step, For the target time, Basic particles The density field at the target time, Basic particles The density at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of density, Basic particles The velocity field at the target time, Basic particles The velocity at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of change of velocity, Basic particles Position parameters at the target time. Basic particles At the position at the initial time. Basic particles The rate of change of position, Basic particles The temperature field at the target time, Basic particles The temperature at the initial moment, Basic particles The rate of temperature change.

8. A device for simulating ice and rock collapse, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is configured to acquire the initial particle parameters of the target particle in its initial state, wherein the target particle includes: a basic particle and neighboring particles within the influence domain of the basic particle, and the initial particle parameters include: a first initial particle parameter of the basic particle and a second initial particle parameter of the neighboring particles. The initial change function determination module is configured to use smooth particle hydrodynamics to determine the initial parameter change function of the basic particle in the initial state based on the first initial particle parameter and the second initial particle parameter; The target change function determination module is configured to determine the target density change function, target velocity change function, and target displacement change function of the basic particles during the ice-rock fracturing process in response to determining that there are damaging particles in the ice-rock fracturing process; The temperature change function determination module is configured to determine the first basic heat flux and the first temperature change function of the basic particles in the fractured water body based on the first initial particle parameters, and to determine the second basic heat flux and the second temperature change function of the basic particles in the matrix rock based on the first initial particle parameters. The simulation function determination module is configured to use the target density change function, the target velocity change function, the target displacement change function, the first heat flow, the first temperature change function, the second heat flow, and the second temperature change function as simulation functions for ice and rock collapse. The ice-rock collapse simulation module is configured to use the simulation function to simulate the ice-rock collapse process over a time period from the initial moment to the target moment, and to obtain the density field, velocity field, position parameters, and temperature field of the basic particles at the target moment.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program, implements the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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