Bird protection area construction method and device, electronic equipment and computer storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer storage medium for constructing a bird sanctuary. The method includes: classifying the flight altitudes of various bird populations within a target area based on flight altitude records to obtain multiple flight altitude levels; selecting multiple bird species from each flight altitude level as focal species corresponding to that level; identifying habitat hotspots for each focal species and determining core habitat source areas based on habitat hotspots and urban ecological core areas; selecting multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the morphology and distribution of buildings in the target area; finally determining ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points corresponding to each flight altitude level; and constructing a bird sanctuary based on these ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points. This application avoids the problem of all bird species sharing a single set of parameters when constructing a sanctuary.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer storage medium for constructing a bird sanctuary. Background Technology

[0002] As global urbanization continues, urban areas have become the primary habitat for a large number of birds. It is estimated that about 20% of the world's bird populations live in urban environments. However, habitat loss and landscape fragmentation caused by rapid urban expansion are constantly shrinking the living space of urban birds, resulting in biodiversity decline and population isolation.

[0003] Built-up areas in cities, as the core areas of urban areas, pose a greater threat to birds due to their dense building structures and complex man-made environments, including high-rise buildings, multi-level transportation systems, and infrastructure. In particular, the complex architectural forms disrupt birds' natural navigational cues, increasing their risk of misjudgment and collisions.

[0004] The existing bird sanctuaries were constructed with reference only to the building structures in the city's core area, without conducting differentiated analysis of the ecological habits of birds at different flight altitudes. As a result, the construction of the sanctuaries did not conform to the actual flight behavior characteristics of birds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, this application provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer storage medium for constructing a bird sanctuary to solve the technical problems of conventional solutions.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for constructing a bird sanctuary, comprising: classifying the flight altitudes of various bird populations within a target area based on flight altitude records, thereby obtaining multiple flight altitude levels; selecting multiple bird species from each flight altitude level as focal species corresponding to that flight altitude level; identifying habitat hotspots for each focal species, and determining core habitat source areas based on the habitat hotspots and urban ecological core areas; selecting multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the morphology and distribution of buildings in the target area; and assigning values ​​to drag factors based on the flight capabilities and flight habits of the focal species, thereby obtaining corresponding values ​​for each bird species. The ecological resistance model for the flight altitude levels includes resistance factors such as landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and the core indicators. The landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, the blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation cover and water accessibility, and the human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads. The model also determines the distribution of bird migration corridors for each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source areas and the ecological resistance model. Furthermore, it determines ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points for each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results, and constructs bird sanctuaries based on these ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points.

[0007] Optionally, the process of identifying the habitat hotspots of the focal species and determining the core habitat source areas based on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area may further include: inputting the focal species and environmental factors into a maximum entropy model to obtain the habitat hotspots output by the maximum entropy model; identifying the urban ecological core area of ​​the target region; performing overlay analysis on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area to obtain the habitat source areas to be treated; and filtering out areas in the habitat source areas to be treated whose area is less than an area threshold to obtain the core habitat source areas.

[0008] Optionally, the process of selecting multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from the initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area may further include: performing correlation analysis on the initial indicators, filtering out indicators with correlation coefficients greater than a coefficient threshold in the analysis results to obtain preprocessed indicators; and filtering the preprocessed indicators according to the flight habits of birds to obtain multiple core indicators.

[0009] Optionally, the process of determining the distribution results of migration corridors corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model may further include: generating basic input data based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model; inputting the basic input data into a connection mapping tool, so that the connection mapping tool transforms the landscape outside the core habitat source area in the target area into a conductive surface, the core habitat source area into a circuit node, the focal species into electrons randomly wandering on the conductive surface, and determines the resistance surface data between the circuit nodes based on the resistance values ​​included in the ecological resistance model, thereby obtaining the ecological corridor simulation analysis results; generating potential migration paths corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels based on the ecological corridor simulation analysis results, and determining the distribution results of migration corridors corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels based on the potential migration paths.

[0010] Optionally, the process of determining the ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results may further include: inputting the migration corridor distribution results and the ecological resistance model into a pinch point mapping tool to obtain ecological pinch points output by the pinch point mapping tool that characterize the migration flow of the focal species in the migration corridor being greater than a flow threshold; and inputting the migration corridor distribution results and the ecological resistance model into an obstacle mapping tool to obtain ecological obstacle points output by the obstacle mapping tool that characterize the migration resistance of the focal species in the migration corridor being greater than a resistance threshold.

[0011] Optionally, the process of constructing a bird sanctuary based on the ecological pinch points and the ecological obstacle points may further include: superimposing the ecological pinch points and the ecological obstacle points corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels, determining the area where the distribution density of the ecological pinch points is greater than a first density threshold as a priority protection area, and determining the area where the distribution density of the ecological obstacle points is greater than a second density threshold as a priority restoration area; and constructing a bird sanctuary based on the priority protection areas and the priority restoration areas.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a bird sanctuary construction device, comprising: a grading module for grading the flight altitudes of various bird populations within a target area based on flight altitude records, thereby obtaining multiple flight altitude levels; a selection module for selecting multiple bird species from each flight altitude level as focal species corresponding to that flight altitude level; an identification module for identifying habitat hotspots of the focal species and determining core habitat source areas based on the habitat hotspots and urban ecological core areas; a selection module for selecting multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the morphology and distribution of buildings in the target area; and a value assignment module for assigning values ​​based on the flight ability and flight habits of the focal species. Determination factors are assigned values ​​to obtain ecological resistance models corresponding to each flight altitude level. These resistance factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and the core indicators. The landscape type factor is determined based on land use type; the blue-green infrastructure factor is determined based on vegetation cover and water accessibility; and the human activity factor is determined based on population density and distance from roads. A construction module is used to determine the distribution results of bird migration corridors corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source areas and the ecological resistance model. It also determines the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results, and constructs bird protection areas based on the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, including: a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus; the memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, which causes the processor to perform the operation corresponding to the method described in the first aspect of the present application.

[0014] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in the first aspect of the embodiments.

[0015] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is provided, including computer instructions that instruct a computing device to perform an operation corresponding to the method described in the first aspect of the embodiments.

[0016] This application classifies birds by flight altitude and progressively determines the distribution of migration corridors at each altitude level. Based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results, it identifies ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at each altitude level. Bird sanctuaries are then constructed based on these ecological pinch points and barrier points. This avoids the problem of all bird species using the same set of parameters during sanctuary construction, which is severely inconsistent with actual flight behavior. This allows bird sanctuaries to precisely match the ecological needs of birds with different flight abilities and habits, significantly improving the alignment between the conservation network and actual bird migration behavior. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for constructing a bird sanctuary according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of a core habitat source determination method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a bird sanctuary construction device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0020] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0021] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and their technical features can be combined with each other.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for constructing a bird sanctuary according to an embodiment of this application, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing a bird sanctuary includes the following steps: Step 101: Based on the flight altitude records of various bird groups in the target area, classify the flight altitude of various bird groups in the target area to obtain multiple flight altitude levels.

[0024] According to the "2025 National Bird Strike Prevention Action Network Annual Report" published by Caixin.com, and the disclosure in Loss et al., "Bird-building collisions in the United States, 2014," the national bird strike mortality rate is 80.7%–86.4%, reaching as high as 90% during the spring migration season. In the United States, 365–988 million birds die annually due to building collisions, with a median of 599 million. This shows that urban buildings are the second leading cause of bird mortality (after stray cats). Existing bird sanctuaries are constructed by only considering the building structures in the core urban areas, neglecting or only considering building height and density, and failing to conduct differentiated analysis of the ecological habits of birds at different flight altitudes. This results in sanctuaries that are severely inconsistent with actual bird flight behavior and cannot comprehensively depict urban building structures. Bird sanctuaries constructed in this way cannot specifically reduce bird strike mortality rates. Furthermore, existing bird sanctuaries lack targeted protection for birds at different flight altitudes. According to Bioon's report, "Integrating 3D Factors to Enhance the Identification of Urban Bird Corridors," the traditional 2D model only matches the actual flight trajectory of birds by 58.3%. For every 10-meter increase in building height, the probability of vertical deviation of bird flight paths increases by 37%, resulting in a low protection rate for low-flying birds (e.g., the protection rate for small songbirds in the canopy is only 12.7%), far lower than that for other types of flying birds.

[0025] Therefore, in order to conduct differentiated analysis of the ecological habits of various bird groups at different flight altitudes within the target area when constructing bird sanctuaries, the first step is to obtain flight altitude records for various bird groups within the target area. These records can be referenced from the bird flight altitude records in the "Guidelines for Prevention of Common Birds at Civil Airports" issued by the Airport Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Combining the building height classification provisions of the "General Code for Design of Civil Buildings" and the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-Rise Civil Buildings," the flight altitudes of various bird groups within the target high-density built-up area are classified to obtain multiple flight altitude levels. For example, a four-level classification can be used to obtain four flight altitude levels: low-altitude birds (<20m), low-to-medium altitude birds (20-50m), medium-altitude birds (50-100m), and high-altitude birds (>100m). Bird flight altitude indicates the vertical distance above the ground that birds typically maintain during foraging, migration, or daily activities. The daily flight altitude of birds is influenced by species, environment, and behavioral purposes, and there are significant differences in the daily flight altitudes among different bird species.

[0026] Step 102: Select multiple bird species from each flight altitude level as the focal species corresponding to that flight altitude level.

[0027] From the determined flight altitude levels, select no fewer than five bird species as the focal species for each level. Specifically, the selection of focal species can simultaneously meet the following conditions: 1. The flight altitude data of the selected birds is supported by authoritative scientific data.

[0028] 2. The selected bird species are listed in the National Key Protected Wild Animals List or the Provincial Key Protected Wild Animals List, or are listed as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or near endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

[0029] 3. Birds that are culturally significant and have public recognition in densely built-up areas.

[0030] Step 103: Identify the habitat hotspots of the focal species and determine the source areas of the core habitats based on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area.

[0031] The habitat hotspots corresponding to the focal species at each flight altitude level were identified. These habitat hotspots were then superimposed with the urban ecological core area of ​​the target region to select core areas that meet the area requirements, which were then used as the core habitat source areas for the corresponding level.

[0032] Step 104: Select multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from the initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area.

[0033] Initial indicators were selected to characterize the building morphology and distribution in the target area. For example, these initial indicators could include eight three-dimensional building indicators across three categories: height indicators (building height, average building height, standard deviation of building height, and average number of floors); density indicators (building density and sky view factor); and volume indicators (building volume and floor area ratio). From these, four core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight were selected.

[0034] Detailed information on the initial indicators is shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0035] Step 105: Assign values ​​to the drag factors based on the flight capabilities and habits of the focus species to obtain the ecological drag models corresponding to each flight altitude level.

[0036] The resistance factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and core indicators. Landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation cover and water accessibility, and human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads. Combining the flight capabilities and habits of focal species at each flight altitude level (e.g., low-altitude birds have weak flight capabilities and are greatly hindered by building height; mid-to-low-altitude or mid-altitude birds move between buildings and are greatly affected by sky visibility factors; high-altitude birds are minimally hindered by buildings), the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to assign differentiated values ​​to the above resistance factors at different levels. After converting the assigned values ​​into raster data, spatial overlay analysis is used to generate ecological resistance models corresponding to each flight altitude level.

[0037] Landscape type factors can include land use type, differentiated by tree cover, grassland, cultivated land, water area, bare land and sparse vegetation, transportation routes, and buildings. Blue-green infrastructure factors can include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and distance to water areas. Core indicators can include building height, standard deviation of building height, building coverage, and sky view factor. Human activity factors can include population density and distance to roads. Specific values ​​for landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and core indicators are shown in Table 2. Table 2

[0038] Step 106: Determine the distribution results of migration corridors for birds at each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source area and ecological resistance model.

[0039] Based on the core habitat source areas and corresponding ecological resistance models at each flight altitude level, and relying on circuit theory, potential migration paths at each level are extracted using connection mapping tools (such as Linkagemapper), thus determining the distribution of migration corridors at each flight altitude level. This results in the restoration of 40%-70% of the effective corridor length for low-altitude / mid-altitude birds, a 68% reduction in path breakage rate, and a significant improvement in corridor connectivity.

[0040] Step 107: Determine the ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the distribution results of migration corridors, and construct bird protection areas based on the ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points.

[0041] Based on the ecological resistance models and migration corridor distribution results at each flight altitude level, specialized tools were used to identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at each level. After classifying and screening the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, their spatial distribution characteristics were overlaid and analyzed to finally construct a bird sanctuary in the target area.

[0042] In this embodiment, by classifying birds according to flight altitude and progressively determining the distribution of migration corridors at each flight altitude level, ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points are identified at each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results. Bird sanctuaries are then constructed based on these ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, avoiding the problem of all birds sharing a single set of parameters during sanctuary construction, which severely contradicts actual flight behavior. This allows bird sanctuaries to accurately match the ecological needs of birds with different flight capabilities and habits, significantly improving the alignment between the protection network and actual bird migration behavior. Furthermore, bird sanctuaries determined by classifying birds by flight altitude can avoid building height and view obstruction in a tiered manner, reducing bird strike mortality in the target area by 40%-60%. By progressively determining the distribution of migration corridors at each flight altitude level, the consistency with actual bird migration trajectories can be improved to over 89%. Moreover, the effective protection coverage of the ultimately determined bird sanctuaries is increased to over 75%. Consequently, the decline trend of threatened birds is curbed, and over 60% of species achieve population stability or growth.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps in a core habitat source determination method according to an embodiment of this application, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the method for determining the source areas of core habitats includes the following steps: Step 201: Input the focus species and environmental factors into the maximum entropy model to obtain the habitat hotspots output by the maximum entropy model.

[0044] Environmental factors can be selected from 3 categories and 10 factors: Bioclimatic factors include: annual mean temperature and annual precipitation. Habitat factors include: slope, land use, normalized difference vegetation index, canopy height, distance from forest, and distance from water source. Urban disturbance factors include: building density, settlement density, and distance from road. The distribution locations of focal species at each flight altitude level are input together with the above environmental factors into the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The maximum entropy model sets 75% of the observation data as the training set and 25% as the test set, and performs 10 iterations. The model accuracy is evaluated by the AUC value (area under the ROC curve), the Jackknife method is used to determine the importance of environmental variables, and a 10 percentile training presence is selected as the threshold to extract the potential distribution areas of focal species at each level. Then, overlap analysis is used to identify habitat hotspots with concentrated species distribution and high habitat quality from the potential distribution areas.

[0045] Step 202: Identify the urban ecological core area of ​​the target region.

[0046] By setting the urban high-quality habitat (GBI) of the target area as the foreground and other areas as the background, MSPA morphological spatial pattern analysis was performed using the Guidos toolbox to identify the urban ecological core area of ​​the target area.

[0047] Step 203: Perform overlay analysis on habitat hotspots and urban ecological core areas to obtain the source areas of the habitats to be processed.

[0048] Spatial overlay analysis was conducted on habitat hotspots and corresponding urban ecological core areas at each flight altitude level, and the overlapping areas were extracted as the source areas of habitats to be processed.

[0049] Step 204: Screen out areas in the habitat source areas that are smaller than the area threshold to obtain the core habitat source areas.

[0050] An area threshold of 30 hectares can be set to filter out fragmented patches of habitat less than 30 hectares from the source areas to be treated. The areas with an area greater than or equal to 30 hectares are the core habitat source areas for each flight altitude level. The area threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0051] In this embodiment, the MaxEnt maximum entropy model combined with multi-dimensional environmental factors is used to identify habitat hotspots. This accurately quantifies the impact of different environmental factors on the distribution of focal species and objectively predicts potential suitable habitats for birds at various flight altitudes, completely avoiding the subjective bias of manually delineating habitats. By using area thresholds to filter out fragmented patches, invalid source areas that cannot meet the basic survival needs of birds are eliminated. This avoids unnecessary calculations in subsequent corridor modeling and key point identification, improves model computational efficiency, and ensures that the finally identified source areas have practical conservation value.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the process of selecting multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the morphology and distribution of buildings in the target area may further include: performing correlation analysis on the initial indicators, filtering out indicators with correlation coefficients greater than a threshold in the analysis results, and obtaining preprocessed indicators. The preprocessed indicators are then further filtered based on bird flight habits to obtain multiple core indicators.

[0053] For example, a coefficient threshold of 0.8 can be set, and Spearman correlation analysis can be performed on the selected initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area. The correlation coefficients between the initial indicators are calculated, and redundant indicators with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 are screened out, with the remaining indicators serving as preprocessing indicators. Based on the flight habits of birds, the preprocessing indicators are further screened to retain several core indicators that accurately reflect the obstruction of the built environment to bird flight. For example, bird flight habits indicate that birds' visual systems have a weak ability to judge spatial distance. During flight, birds often turn their heads or even look back to observe predators and prey, making it difficult for them to notice obstacles that suddenly appear in front of them, and making them prone to collisions due to building undulations and obstructed views. Finally, several core indicators that accurately reflect the obstruction of the built environment to bird flight can be identified, including building height, building height standard deviation (reflecting the degree of building undulation), building density, and sky view factor (reflecting the degree of obstruction of the view by buildings).

[0054] In this embodiment, highly correlated redundant indicators are screened out by correlation analysis, avoiding the calculation error caused by multicollinearity among initial indicators when constructing the ecological resistance model. This greatly improves the stability of the ecological resistance model and the reliability of the calculation results, while simplifying the modeling complexity and lowering the implementation threshold of the scheme.

[0055] In one possible implementation, determining the distribution results of migration corridors at each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source area and ecological resistance model may further include: generating basic input data based on the core habitat source area and ecological resistance model; inputting the basic input data into a connectivity mapping tool, so that the connectivity mapping tool transforms the landscape outside the core habitat source area in the target area into conductive surfaces, the core habitat source area into circuit nodes, the focal species into electrons randomly wandering on the conductive surfaces, and determines the resistance surface data between circuit nodes based on the resistance values ​​included in the ecological resistance model, thereby obtaining the ecological corridor simulation analysis results; generating potential migration paths at each flight altitude level based on the ecological corridor simulation analysis results, and determining the distribution results of migration corridors at each flight altitude level based on the potential migration paths.

[0056] The vector data of core habitat source areas and the raster data of the ecological resistance model corresponding to each flight altitude level are standardized in format, unifying the coordinate system, raster resolution, and spatial extent to generate the basic input data for the Linkagemapper tool. This basic input data is then fed into the Linkagemapper tool, enabling it to perform ecological corridor simulation analysis based on circuit theory: Landscapes outside the core habitat source areas in the target region are transformed into conductive surfaces, core habitat source areas are transformed into circuit nodes, and focal species are transformed into randomly wandering electrons on the conductive surfaces. Based on the raster resistance values ​​in the ecological resistance model, the resistivity surface data between circuit nodes is determined, and 100,000 cost-weighted distance limit thresholds are set (to avoid invalid calculations between excessively distant patches). The cumulative current density between nodes is calculated, and the ecological corridor simulation analysis results are output. The distance limit thresholds can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0057] By setting a cost-weighted distance limit threshold, invalid calculations between excessively distant patches were eliminated, significantly reducing the model's computational load and improving corridor extraction efficiency. Simultaneously, it avoided generating long-distance corridors without practical value, ensuring that the extracted migration corridors possess real ecological connectivity significance. Migration corridors were generated separately for different flight altitude levels, matching dedicated migration routes for birds with varying flight capabilities. This avoided the unreasonable sharing of corridors between high-altitude and low-altitude birds, significantly improving the actual utilization rate and conservation effectiveness of the corridors.

[0058] From the simulation analysis of ecological corridors, it was found that higher current density results in lower resistance to bird migration. Therefore, areas with higher current density can be extracted as potential migration routes for each flight altitude level. Spatial integration and boundary delineation of these potential migration routes were then performed to determine the final distribution of migration corridors for each flight altitude level. The distribution results of migration corridors can include both the spatial extent and connectivity characteristics of the corridors.

[0059] In this embodiment of the application, based on circuit theory, the landscape, source area, and birds outside the core habitat source area in the target area are mapped as conductive surfaces, circuit nodes, and randomly wandering electrons, respectively. This breaks through the defect of the traditional minimum cost path which can only identify a single optimal path. It can comprehensively simulate the migratory behavior of birds wandering randomly and identify all potential migratory paths with ecological significance, making the corridor extraction results more consistent with the actual migratory characteristics of birds.

[0060] In one possible implementation, the process of determining the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the distribution results of migration corridors may further include: inputting the migration corridor distribution results and the ecological resistance model into a pinch point mapping tool to obtain the ecological pinch points output by the pinch point mapping tool, which characterize the migration flow of focal species in the migration corridor exceeding a flow threshold. Similarly, inputting the migration corridor distribution results and the ecological resistance model into a barrier mapping tool to obtain the ecological barrier points output by the barrier mapping tool, which characterize the migration resistance of focal species in the migration corridor exceeding a resistance threshold.

[0061] The distribution results of migration corridors at each flight altitude level and the ecological resistance model are input into the Pinchpoint Mapper tool. The tool is set to "all to one" analysis mode. The flow analysis range is then set, with the corridor cost-weighted distance set to 2 km. This weighted distance can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The migration flow of focal species within the migration corridor is calculated, and the areas within the corridor where the migration flow exceeds the flow threshold are output. These areas are the ecological pinch points for each flight altitude level. Ecological pinch points are crucial nodes in bird migration and are irreplaceable connectivity points.

[0062] The distribution results of migration corridors corresponding to each flight altitude level and the ecological resistance model are input into the barrierpoint mapper tool. Then, a minimum search radius of 50m and a maximum search radius of 200m are set, and the corridors are detected point-by-point with a step size of 50m. The resistance value of each grid cell within the corridor is calculated, and the areas in the corridor where the migration resistance is greater than the resistance threshold are output. These areas are the ecological barrier points for each flight altitude level. Ecological barrier points are bottleneck nodes that block corridor connectivity. The grip mapping tool and barrier mapping tool can be built into the Linkagemapper toolbox.

[0063] In this embodiment, a pinch mapping tool is used to accurately identify high-flow ecological pinch points, precisely locating the critical nodes in bird migration routes and clarifying the core protection targets for maintaining corridor connectivity. This solves the problems of comprehensive protection and scattered resources in traditional protection schemes, achieving targeted protection of core nodes. An obstacle mapping tool is used to accurately identify high-resistance ecological obstacles, precisely locating bottleneck nodes restricting corridor connectivity and clarifying the core restoration targets for improving ecological network connectivity. This provides precise implementation guidance for urban spatial micro-transformation and ecological restoration, significantly reducing the economic cost and implementation difficulty of ecological restoration. Ecological pinch points and obstacle points are identified separately for different flight altitude levels, accurately capturing key nodes in the migration paths of birds with different flight habits and avoiding confusion regarding the protection needs of birds at different levels.

[0064] In one possible implementation, a bird sanctuary is constructed based on ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, including: superimposing ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points corresponding to each flight altitude level; identifying areas where the distribution density of ecological pinch points is greater than a first density threshold as priority protected areas; and identifying areas where the distribution density of ecological barrier points is greater than a second density threshold as priority restoration areas. The bird sanctuary is then constructed based on these priority protected areas and priority restoration areas.

[0065] The natural discontinuity method was used to classify the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at each flight altitude level into five categories. The categories with the highest values ​​were selected as the corresponding ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points for each level. Spatial overlay analysis was performed on ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at all flight altitude levels, establishing a first density threshold (critical density for dense distribution of ecological pinch points) and a second density threshold (critical density for dense distribution of ecological barrier points). Areas with ecological pinch point density greater than the first density threshold were designated as priority protection zones. These priority protection zones require strict protection to maintain corridor connectivity. Areas with ecological barrier point density greater than the second density threshold were designated as priority restoration zones. These priority restoration zones require modification and optimization to reduce migration resistance. The designated priority protection zones and priority restoration zones were spatially integrated to determine the overall boundary and functional zoning of the bird sanctuary. Simultaneously, the relationship between the distribution of key ecological points and the built environment of the target area was analyzed, exploring the differentiated feedback of birds at each flight altitude level to building indicators. This provides a basis for the subsequent management and optimization of the bird sanctuary, ultimately completing the construction of the bird sanctuary in the target area.

[0066] In this embodiment, by overlaying ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at all flight altitude levels, the selected protection / restoration areas cover the core protection needs of birds in different ecological niches, avoiding the limitations of single-species or single-level protection, and achieving systematic protection of bird diversity in densely built-up areas. Priority protection zones and priority restoration zones are delineated according to the density of point distribution, clarifying differentiated management objectives for different areas, balancing bird ecological protection with urban development, and resolving the spatial conflicts and implementation difficulties between traditional ecological protection zones and urban built-up areas. This approach can be directly integrated with urban control detailed planning.

[0067] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a bird sanctuary construction device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the bird sanctuary construction device 300 includes: The grading module 301 is used to grade the flight altitude of various bird groups in the target area based on the flight altitude records of various bird groups in the target area, and obtain multiple flight altitude levels.

[0068] The flight altitude records of various bird groups within the target area can be obtained by referring to the bird flight altitude records in the "Guidelines for Prevention of Common Birds in Civil Airports" issued by the Airport Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, using the grading module 301. Combined with the building height grading provisions of the "General Code for Design of Civil Buildings" and the "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-Rise Civil Buildings," the flight altitudes of various bird groups within the target high-density built-up area can be classified to obtain multiple flight altitude levels. For example, a four-level grading can be performed, resulting in four flight altitude levels: low-altitude birds (<20m), low-to-medium altitude birds (20-50m), medium-altitude birds (50-100m), and high-altitude birds (>100m). Bird flight altitude indicates the vertical distance above the ground that birds typically maintain when foraging, migrating, or engaging in daily activities.

[0069] The selection module 302 is used to select multiple bird species from each flight altitude level as the focus species corresponding to that flight altitude level.

[0070] The selection module 302 selects no fewer than five bird species from the determined flight altitude levels as the focus species for each level. Specifically, the selection of focus species can simultaneously meet the following conditions: 1. The flight altitude data of the selected birds is supported by authoritative scientific data.

[0071] 2. The selected bird species are listed in the National Key Protected Wild Animals List or the Provincial Key Protected Wild Animals List, or are listed as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or near endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

[0072] 3. Birds that are culturally significant and have public recognition in densely built-up areas.

[0073] The identification module 303 is used to identify the habitat hotspots of the focal species and determine the source of the core habitat based on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area.

[0074] The identification module 303 identifies the habitat hotspots corresponding to the focal species at each flight altitude level, overlays the habitat hotspots with the urban ecological core area of ​​the target region, and selects the core area that meets the area requirements as the core habitat source area of ​​the corresponding level.

[0075] Selection module 304 is used to select multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area.

[0076] Selection module 304 selects initial indicators to characterize the building morphology and distribution of the target area. For example, the initial indicators may include eight three-dimensional building indicators across three categories: height indicators include individual building height, average building height, standard deviation of building height, and average number of floors; density indicators include building density and sky view factor; and volume indicators include individual building volume and floor area ratio. From these, four core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight are selected.

[0077] The assignment module 305 is used to assign values ​​to the drag factors based on the flight ability and flight habits of the focus species, thereby obtaining the ecological drag model corresponding to each flight altitude level. The drag factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and core indicators. The landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, the blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation coverage and water accessibility, and the human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads.

[0078] The resistance factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and core indicators. Landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation cover and water accessibility, and human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads. The assignment module 305 combines the flight capabilities and habits of focal species at each flight altitude level (e.g., low-altitude birds have weak flight capabilities and are greatly hindered by building height; mid-to-low-altitude or mid-altitude birds move between buildings and are greatly affected by sky visibility factors; high-altitude birds are minimally hindered by buildings, etc.) and uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign differentiated values ​​to the above resistance factors at different levels. After converting the assignment results into raster data, spatial overlay analysis is used to generate ecological resistance models corresponding to each flight altitude level.

[0079] Landscape type factors can include land use type, differentiated by tree cover, grassland, cultivated land, water bodies, bare land and sparse vegetation, transportation routes, and buildings. Blue-green infrastructure factors can include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and distance to water bodies. Core indicators can include building height, standard deviation of building height, building coverage, and sky view factors. Human activity factors can include population density and distance to roads.

[0080] Module 306 is used to determine the distribution results of migration corridors for birds at each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model, and to determine the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the distribution results of migration corridors, and to construct bird protection areas based on the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points.

[0081] Module 306, based on the core habitat source areas and corresponding ecological resistance models for each flight altitude level, and relying on circuit theory, extracts potential migration paths for each level using a linkagemapper tool to determine the distribution of migration corridors for each flight altitude level. Then, based on the ecological resistance models and migration corridor distribution results for each flight altitude level, module 306 uses specialized tools to identify ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points for each level. After hierarchical screening of ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points, and based on their spatial distribution characteristics, an overlay analysis is performed to finally construct a bird sanctuary in the target area.

[0082] In this embodiment, by classifying birds according to their flight altitude and progressively determining the distribution of migration corridors at each altitude level, ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points are identified for each altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results. Bird sanctuaries are then constructed based on these ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points. This avoids the problem of all birds sharing a single set of parameters during sanctuary construction, which is severely inconsistent with actual flight behavior. This allows bird sanctuaries to accurately match the ecological needs of birds with different flight capabilities and habits, significantly improving the alignment between the conservation network and actual bird migration behavior.

[0083] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process within the aforementioned bird sanctuary construction device 300 are based on the same concept as the aforementioned bird sanctuary construction method embodiment. For details, please refer to the description in the aforementioned bird sanctuary construction method embodiment, and it will not be repeated here.

[0084] In this embodiment, an electronic device 400 is provided, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 400 may include: a processor 401, a communications interface 402, a memory 403, and a communication bus 404. Wherein: The processor 401, communication interface 402, and memory 403 communicate with each other through the communication bus 404.

[0085] Communication interface 402 is used for communication with other electronic devices or servers.

[0086] The processor 401 is used to execute program 405, specifically to perform the relevant steps in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0087] Specifically, program 405 may include program code that includes computer operation instructions.

[0088] Processor 401 may be a CPU, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or configured as one or more integrated circuits. A smart device may include one or more processors, which can be of the same type, such as one or more CPUs; or they may be of different types, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.

[0089] Memory 403 is used to store program 405. Memory 403 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0090] Specifically, program 405 can be used to cause processor 401 to execute the methods in the foregoing embodiments.

[0091] The specific implementation of each step in program 405 can be found in the corresponding descriptions of the steps and units in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the devices and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding process descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] The electronic device 400 of this application classifies birds according to their flight altitude and progressively determines the distribution of migration corridors for each flight altitude level. Based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results, it identifies ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points for each flight altitude level. Bird sanctuaries are then constructed based on these ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points. This avoids the problem of all birds sharing a single set of parameters during sanctuary construction, which is severely inconsistent with actual flight behavior. This allows bird sanctuaries to accurately match the ecological needs of birds with different flight abilities and habits, significantly improving the alignment between the conservation network and actual bird migration behavior.

[0093] In this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing instructions for causing a machine to perform the methods as described in the foregoing method embodiments. Specifically, a system or apparatus equipped with a storage medium may be provided, on which software program code implementing the functions of any of the embodiments described above is stored, and the computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or apparatus may read and execute the program code stored in the storage medium.

[0094] In this case, the program code read from the storage medium can itself implement the functions described in the above method embodiments, so the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute a part of this application.

[0095] Storage media embodiments for providing program code include floppy disks, hard disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks (such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW), magnetic tapes, non-volatile memory cards, and ROMs. Alternatively, program code can be downloaded from a server computer via a communication network.

[0096] In this embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including computer instructions that instruct a computing device to perform the operations corresponding to the above method embodiments.

[0097] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various components / steps described in the embodiments of this application can be broken down into more components / steps, or two or more components / steps or parts of the operation of components / steps can be combined into new components / steps to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of this application.

[0098] The methods described above according to embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or implemented as software or computer code that can be stored in a recording medium (such as a CD-ROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk), or implemented as computer code originally stored on a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine-readable medium and to be stored on a local recording medium after being downloaded over a network. Thus, the methods described herein can be stored on such software processing on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware (such as an ASIC or FPGA). It is understood that the computer, processor, microprocessor controller, or programmable hardware includes storage components (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc.) capable of storing or receiving software or computer code, which, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, implements the methods described herein. Furthermore, when a general-purpose computer accesses code used to implement the methods shown herein, the execution of the code transforms the general-purpose computer into a dedicated computer for performing the methods shown herein. Although this application has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on a reading and understanding of this specification and the accompanying drawings. This application includes all such modifications and variations and is limited only by the scope of the appended claims. In particular, with respect to the various functions performed by the aforementioned components, the terminology used to describe such components is intended to correspond to any component (unless otherwise indicated) that performs the specified function of said component (e.g., is functionally equivalent to it), even if it is not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure that performs the functions in the exemplary implementations of this specification shown herein.

[0099] That is, the above description is only an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, such as the combination of technical features between different embodiments, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

[0100] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0101] The above description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use this application. Various details are set forth in the above description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be implemented without using these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known processes will not be described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of this application with unnecessary detail. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0102] It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments and / or technical features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions should also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0103] It should be understood that the specific examples in the embodiments of this application are only for the purpose of helping those skilled in the art to better understand the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications based on the above embodiments, and all such improvements or modifications fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0104] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a bird sanctuary, characterized in that, include: Based on the flight altitude records of various bird groups within the target area, the flight altitudes of various bird groups within the target area are classified to obtain multiple flight altitude levels; Multiple bird species were selected from each of the aforementioned flight altitude levels as the focal species corresponding to that flight altitude level; The habitat hotspots of the focal species were identified, and the source areas of the core habitats were determined based on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area. Multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight were selected from initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area. Based on the flight capabilities and habits of the focal species, resistance factors are assigned values ​​to obtain ecological resistance models corresponding to each flight altitude level. The resistance factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and the core indicators. The landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, the blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation cover and water accessibility, and the human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads. The distribution results of bird migration corridors at each of the aforementioned flight altitude levels were determined based on the core habitat source areas and the ecological resistance model. Based on the ecological resistance model and the distribution results of the migration corridors, ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points corresponding to each flight altitude level are determined, and bird protection areas are constructed based on the ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of identifying habitat hotspots for the focal species and determining core habitat source areas based on these habitat hotspots and urban ecological core areas includes: The focal species and environmental factors are input into the maximum entropy model to obtain the habitat hotspots output by the maximum entropy model; Identify the urban ecological core area of ​​the target region; Overlay analysis of the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core areas was performed to obtain the source areas of the habitats to be treated. Areas with a floor area smaller than the area threshold in the selected habitat source areas are screened out to obtain the core habitat source areas.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the morphology and distribution of buildings in the target area includes: The initial indicators are subjected to correlation analysis, and indicators with correlation coefficients greater than the coefficient threshold are removed from the analysis results to obtain preprocessed indicators. The preprocessing indicators were screened based on the flight habits of birds to obtain multiple core indicators.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of migration corridor distribution results for each flight altitude level based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model includes: Basic input data is generated based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model; The basic input data is input into the connection mapping tool, so that the connection mapping tool can transform the landscape outside the core habitat source area in the target area into a conductive surface, the core habitat source area into a circuit node, the focal species into electrons randomly wandering on the conductive surface, and determine the resistance surface data between the circuit nodes according to the resistance values ​​included in the ecological resistance model, thereby obtaining the ecological corridor simulation analysis results. Based on the simulation analysis results of the ecological corridor, potential migration paths corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels are generated, and the distribution results of migration corridors corresponding to each of the flight altitude levels are determined based on the potential migration paths.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points corresponding to each flight altitude level based on the ecological resistance model and the migration corridor distribution results includes: Input the migration corridor distribution results and the ecological resistance model into the pinch mapping tool to obtain the ecological pinch points output by the pinch mapping tool, which characterize the migration flow of the focal species in the migration corridor that is greater than the flow threshold. The distribution results of the migration corridors and the ecological resistance model are input into the obstacle mapping tool to obtain the ecological obstacle points output by the obstacle mapping tool, which characterize the migration resistance of the focal species in the migration corridors that is greater than the resistance threshold.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The construction of a bird sanctuary based on the ecological pinch points and the ecological barrier points includes: By superimposing the ecological pinch points and ecological obstacle points corresponding to each flight altitude level, the area where the distribution density of the ecological pinch points is greater than a first density threshold is determined as a priority protection area, and the area where the distribution density of the ecological obstacle points is greater than a second density threshold is determined as a priority restoration area. Bird sanctuaries are constructed based on the priority protected areas and the priority restoration areas.

7. A bird sanctuary construction device, characterized in that, include: The grading module is used to classify the flight altitude of various bird groups in the target area according to the flight altitude records of various bird groups in the target area, and obtain multiple flight altitude levels. The selection module is used to select multiple bird species from each of the flight altitude levels as the focus species corresponding to that flight altitude level; The identification module is used to identify the habitat hotspots of the focal species respectively, and to determine the source of the core habitat based on the habitat hotspots and the urban ecological core area; The selection module is used to select multiple core indicators reflecting the impact of the built environment on bird flight from initial indicators used to characterize the form and distribution of buildings in the target area. The assignment module is used to assign values ​​to the drag factors based on the flight ability and flight habits of the focal species, thereby obtaining the ecological drag model corresponding to each flight altitude level. The drag factors include landscape type factors, blue-green infrastructure factors, human activity factors, and the core indicators. The landscape type factors are determined based on land use type, the blue-green infrastructure factors are determined based on vegetation coverage and water accessibility, and the human activity factors are determined based on population density and distance from roads. The module is used to determine the distribution results of migration corridors for birds at each of the flight altitude levels based on the core habitat source area and the ecological resistance model, and to determine the ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points at each of the flight altitude levels based on the ecological resistance model and the distribution results of migration corridors, and to construct bird protection areas based on the ecological pinch points and the ecological barrier points.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The processor, communication interface, memory, and communication bus communicate with each other through the communication bus. The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction that causes the processor to perform the operation corresponding to the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions that instruct a computing device to perform an operation corresponding to the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

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