A guide-integrated bone defect display model and a preparation method thereof
By combining a modular bone defect visualization model with a bone augmentation guide plate, the problems of resource waste and poor communication in existing technologies are solved, achieving precise bone augmentation control and surgical accuracy, reducing costs, and improving communication effectiveness and treatment consistency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIV STOMATOLOGICAL HOSPITAL (GUANGDONG STOMATOLOGICAL HOSPITAL GUANGDONG DENTAL DISEASE PREVENTION & TREATMENT GUIDANCE CENT)
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies suffer from problems such as wasted secondary printing resources, disconnect between preoperative planning and intraoperative operation, and lack of precise means to control bone increment volume, leading to increased material and time costs, poor doctor-patient communication, and a lack of physical reference tools for intraoperative bone powder accumulation and biofilm trimming.
It provides an integrated model for displaying bone defects, and through a combination of 3D modeling and printing, it prepares a modular bone defect splicing model and a bone increment guide plate, including a basic bone defect module, a bone increment region module and a bone increment guide plate. It adopts a detachable connection structure to achieve precise guidance of bone powder accumulation morphology and membrane edge trimming.
It achieves precision in preoperative planning and efficiency in surgical procedures, reduces material and time costs, improves doctor-patient communication, ensures consistency in surgical accuracy and treatment outcomes, and simplifies the GBR surgical process.
Smart Images
Figure CN122493731A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the fields of oral implant medicine and 3D printing medical auxiliary devices, and in particular to an integrated model for displaying bone defects and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Oral implant bone defects refer to a pathological state in which the vertical height and horizontal width of the alveolar bone are insufficient, or the bone density is reduced, or the continuity of the bone cortex is interrupted, at the target site of implant restoration (i.e., the alveolar bone area where the implant is planned to be placed), due to bone resorption after tooth extraction, chronic periodontitis, trauma, periapical lesions, congenital developmental abnormalities, etc., which cannot meet the requirements for initial implant stability and long-term osseointegration.
[0003] In existing technologies, 3D-printed models based on CBCT images have been widely used in preoperative planning. However, current 3D printing applications suffer from the following technical drawbacks: The waste of resources in "secondary printing": Doctors first need to print the original bone defect model for evaluation, and then design the incremental plan in the computer before printing the complete model containing the increment again. The two printing processes not only multiply the material and time costs, but more importantly, the computer virtual design cannot allow doctors to intuitively feel the spatial location of the bone increment on the physical model.
[0004] The disconnect between preoperative planning and intraoperative operation: Most existing surgical guides are designed based on the final ideal shape, but lack a progressive display method from the "defective state" to the "ideal state", resulting in poor doctor-patient communication and difficulty for the target audience to understand the complexity of the surgery.
[0005] Lack of precise methods for controlling bone augmentation volume: In GBR surgery, the filling volume of bone substitute material and the shaping contour of the biomembrane directly affect the osteogenesis outcome. Current techniques lack physical reference tools that can forcibly guide the morphology of bone powder accumulation and the trimming size of the membrane edge during surgery.
[0006] Therefore, it is essential to provide an integrated model for displaying bone defects and its preparation method to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0007] One of the objectives of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for preparing an integrated model of bone defects. This method, through three-dimensional modeling and printing, can clearly present the structural morphology of the modular bone defect splicing model and the bone augmentation guide plate, facilitating the display of the actual morphology of the target object. At the same time, it can provide a physical reference tool for accurately guiding the bone powder accumulation pattern and the trimming size of the membrane edge, enabling doctors to effectively plan and perform surgical operations, ensuring the accuracy of the surgery and the consistency of the subsequent treatment results.
[0008] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention are achieved by the following technical means.
[0009] A method for preparing an integrated model for displaying bone defects is provided. The model includes a modular bone defect splicing model and a bone augmentation guide plate. The model is prepared by the following steps: Step S1, import the CBCT image data of the target object into three-dimensional software, and create a three-dimensional map of the corresponding bone defect basic module A based on the bone defect area of the target object.
[0010] Step S2: Based on the preoperative implant diameter and safety distance requirements, preset the bone increment range in the 3D software, and draw a 3D model of the bone increment region module B with the shape covering the defect surface based on the bone increment range.
[0011] Step S3: Virtually merge the three-dimensional image of the basic bone defect module A and the three-dimensional image of the bone increment region module B into a modular bone defect splicing model C three-dimensional image in the software.
[0012] Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional model of a thin-shell-like bone increment guide plate module D with a thickness of H outward from the outer contour of the modular bone defect splicing model C.
[0013] Step S5: Draw a three-dimensional diagram of the addition of the first connection structure on the defect surface of the three-dimensional diagram of the basic bone defect module A, and at the same time, add a three-dimensional diagram of the second connection structure that matches the three-dimensional diagram of the first connection structure on the bottom surface of the three-dimensional diagram of the bone increment region module B.
[0014] Step S6: 3D print the three-dimensional model of the bone defect basic module A with the first connection structure three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model of the bone increment region module B with the second connection structure three-dimensional model, and the bone increment guide plate module D.
[0015] Preferably, the thickness H of the bone augmentation guide plate module D is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
[0016] Preferably, in step S6 above, the bone increment guide plate module D is provided with multiple observation holes.
[0017] Preferably, the three-dimensional image of the bone increment guide plate module D in step S6 above is set as a single complete three-dimensional image or multiple three-dimensional images spliced together.
[0018] Preferably, the aforementioned 3D software is Mimics or 3Shape Implant Studio.
[0019] Another objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a model-guided integrated bone defect display model, which is prepared by the preparation method of the model-guided integrated bone defect display model described above.
[0020] Specifically, the aforementioned integrated model for displaying bone defects includes a modular bone defect splicing model C and a bone increment guide plate module D. The inner surface of the bone increment guide plate module D is attached to the outer surface of the modular bone defect splicing model C.
[0021] The modular bone defect splicing model C includes a basic bone defect module A and a bone increment region module B. The outer surface of the defect surface of the basic bone defect module A is attached to the lower surface of the bone increment region module B.
[0022] Preferably, the modular bone defect splicing model C described above is further provided with a first connection structure and a second connection structure. The first connection structure is set in the basic bone defect module A, and the second connection structure is set in the bone increment region module B. The first connection structure and the second connection structure are matched with each other.
[0023] Preferably, the connection method between the first connection structure and the second connection structure is set to snap-fit splicing or magnetic splicing, respectively. Preferably, the above-mentioned bone defect basic module A, bone augmentation area module B, and bone augmentation guide plate module D are printed using medical photosensitive resin. Preferably, the bone increment region module B is configured as a block structure with an arc-shaped upper outer surface.
[0024] Preferably, the bone increment guide plate module D is provided with multiple observation holes.
[0025] The method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model of the present invention involves steps S1-S6. Step S1 obtains the precise bone defect area of the target object. Step S2 obtains the precise bone augmentation area module B, which represents the required bone augmentation range. Step S3, after printing, displays the ideal alveolar ridge morphology after bone augmentation. Step S4, after printing, provides a guide plate for the final ideal morphology design of bone defect treatment, providing medical staff with a physical reference for intraoperative bone powder filling and biofilm trimming. Step S5 provides the target group with an intuitive physical model reference, and the detachable structure allows for repeated display. The method for preparing this integrated model-guided bone defect display model can clearly provide a precise reference model through 3D modeling and printing. It can clearly present the structural morphology of the modular bone defect splicing model and the bone augmentation guide plate, which is convenient for displaying the actual morphology of the target object. At the same time, it can provide a physical reference tool for accurately guiding the bone powder accumulation pattern and the trimming size of the membrane edge, which is convenient for doctors to effectively carry out preoperative planning and surgical operations, and ensure the consistency of surgical accuracy and subsequent treatment results. Attached Figure Description
[0026] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the contents of the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the invention.
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of CBCT image data structure, which is an embodiment of the preparation method of the integrated model-guided bone defect display model of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the basic bone defect module A and the bone increment region module B in the preparation method of the integrated model-guided bone defect display model of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 3 This invention relates to a modular bone defect splicing model C, which is a method for preparing an integrated model-guided bone defect display model.
[0030] Figure 4 This is a diagram (D) of the bone augmentation guide plate module in the method for preparing an integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to the present invention.
[0031] exist Figures 1 to 4 Including: Bone defect basic module A100, bone increment region module B200, modular bone defect splicing model C300, bone increment guide plate module D400, observation hollow hole 401. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the following embodiments.
[0033] Example 1 A method for preparing an integrated model for displaying bone defects, the model comprising a modular bone defect splicing model and a bone augmentation guiding plate, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, the process includes: Step S1, importing the CBCT image data of the target object into 3D software, and creating a corresponding 3D model of the bone defect basic module A100 based on the bone defect area of the target object. The bone defect basic module A100 represents the bone defect area.
[0034] The A100 basic module for bone defects also includes an anatomical positioning reference section, which corresponds to anatomical landmarks (such as adjacent tooth crowns and bony prominences) in the target patient's oral cavity to ensure the consistency of the module's position inside and outside the mouth.
[0035] Step S2: Based on the preoperative implant diameter and safety distance requirements, preset the bone increment range in the 3D software, and draw a 3D model of the bone increment region module B200, whose shape covers the defect surface, according to the bone increment range. The bone increment region module B200 represents the preset increment space.
[0036] Step S3: Virtually merge the three-dimensional image of the basic bone defect module A100 and the three-dimensional image of the bone increment region module B200 into a modular bone defect splicing model C300 in the software.
[0037] Step S4: Based on the outer contour of the modular bone defect assembly model C300 3D model, generate a thin-shell-like bone augmentation guide plate module D400 3D model with a thickness of H. The outer contour of the modular bone defect assembly model C300 represents the ideal alveolar ridge morphology after bone augmentation.
[0038] Step S5: Draw a three-dimensional diagram of the addition of the first connection structure on the defect surface of the basic bone defect module A100 three-dimensional diagram, and at the same time add a three-dimensional diagram of the second connection structure that matches the three-dimensional diagram of the first connection structure to the bottom surface of the bone increment region module B200 three-dimensional diagram.
[0039] Step S6: 3D print the three-dimensional model of the bone defect basic module A100 with the first connection structure three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model of the bone increment region module B200 with the second connection structure three-dimensional model, and the bone increment guide plate module D400.
[0040] In use, the first and second connecting structures employ mortise and tenon joints, Lego-style post-and-hole structures, or magnetic positioning structures to allow the bone defect base module A100 and the bone augmentation region module B200 to be assembled into a modular bone defect assembly model C300. The external contour of this modular bone defect assembly model C300 represents the ideal shape after the augmentation is completed. Since the mortise and tenon joints, Lego-style post-and-hole structures, or magnetic positioning structures are common knowledge to those skilled in the art, and their specific structures will not be described in detail here, as long as the goal of assembling the bone defect base module A100 and the bone augmentation region module B200 can be achieved.
[0041] After the first and second connection structures are matched, the separation and combination of the bone defect basic module A100 and the bone augmentation area module B200 can make doctors and target subjects instantly understand "where is missing" and "how much needs to be added", which is more convincing than a single model. The doctor picks up the bone defect basic module A100 to show the defect, and then "clicks" the bone augmentation area module B200 onto the bone defect basic module A100 to show the target subject the ideal effect after augmentation.
[0042] Specifically, the thickness H of the aforementioned bone augmentation guide plate module D400 is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
[0043] Specifically, the 3D model of the bone increment guide plate module D400 in step S6 above is set as a single complete 3D model or multiple 3D models pieced together. In this embodiment, the bone increment guide plate module D400 is set as a single complete 3D model. In actual operation, it can be set as two pieced-together 3D models, which can be joined together using hinges during printing.
[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, step S6 above also includes the bone augmentation guide plate module D400 being provided with multiple observation perforations 401. The observation perforations 401 are used to observe the placement of the internal membrane and to drain excess fluid. Typically, the observation holes are opened on the adjacent tooth surface or the surrounding bone surface, and the accuracy of placement is determined by observing the interlocking of the denture base with the tooth or bone tissue.
[0045] Specifically, the aforementioned 3D software is set to Mimics or 3Shape Implant Studio. Modules A, B, and D are simultaneously printed using a medical-grade photosensitive resin (such as NextDent Ortho Clear or similar biocompatible resin) via an LCD or DLP 3D printer (50μm resolution).
[0046] When using it, specifically when facing a group of patients during treatment: Repair of horizontal bone defects in the mandibular posterior region A patient had been missing his mandibular first molar for 5 years. CBCT showed that the alveolar ridge width was insufficient (about 3 mm), requiring horizontal bone augmentation to accommodate a 4.8 mm diameter implant.
[0047] Digital Design Phase: Import the CBCT data of the target object into 3D design software (such as Mimics or 3ShapeImplant Studio). First, design a basic bone defect module A100 based on the bone defect area, whose defect surface accurately replicates the actual bone defect morphology of the target object. Design three first connection structures on the defect surface of module A. In this embodiment, cylindrical positioning posts with a diameter of 3mm and a height of 4mm are used, and the three posts are distributed in an equilateral triangle with a side distance of 8mm.
[0048] Based on the implant diameter and safety distance requirements, the software planned to increase the bone width by approximately 4mm. Accordingly, the bone augmentation area module B200 was designed, with an arc-shaped block shape covering the defect surface and a thickness of approximately 4mm. A corresponding second connecting structure was designed on the bottom surface of the bone augmentation area module B, consisting of three positioning holes with a diameter of 3.1mm and a depth of 4.5mm. This ensures an interference fit with the positioning posts of the first connecting structure, generating positioning feedback during assembly through pressing.
[0049] The basic bone defect module A100 and the bone augmentation region module B200 are virtually merged in the software to obtain a modular bone defect splicing model C300. Using the outer surface of the modular bone defect splicing model C300 as a reference, a thin shell is generated by offsetting it inward by 1.0 mm, thus obtaining the design data for the bone augmentation guide plate module D400. A 2 mm diameter observation hole is made in the middle of both the buccal and lingual sides of module D.
[0050] 3D Printing Manufacturing Stage: Using medical-grade photosensitive resin (such as NextDent Ortho Clear or similar biocompatible resin), modules A, B, and D are simultaneously printed using an LCD or DLP 3D printer (50μm precision). For easy differentiation, module A uses skin-colored resin, and module B uses blue transparent resin. After printing, the modules undergo cleaning, curing, and polishing.
[0051] Preoperative demonstration phase: The dentist holds module A and shows it to the patient: "This is your current alveolar bone condition. You can see that the bone width is insufficient." Then, module B is aligned with the positioning post and pressed together to form a modular bone defect splicing model C300: "This is the bone morphology to be achieved after surgery. The width has increased by 4mm, allowing for safe implant placement." Through the intuitive comparison of the physical model, the patient immediately understands the necessity of the surgery.
[0052] Preoperative preparation stage: The surgeon flips the bone augmentation guide plate module D400 upside down and places an absorbable collagen membrane (such as Bio-Gide) inside. The edges of the membrane are trimmed according to the inner cavity contour of the bone augmentation guide plate module D to ensure it fits snugly against the inner surface of the module D. Then, bone replacement material (such as Bio-Oss bone powder) is filled into the inner cavity of the bone augmentation guide plate module D, gently compacted, and the filling amount is just enough to fill the cavity.
[0053] Intraoperative application stage: The mandibular bone defect area of the target patient is exposed by flap elevation. The bone augmentation guide plate module D400, pre-loaded with membrane and bone powder, is aligned with the adjacent crown of the target patient through the anatomical positioning reference and snapped onto the bone defect area. Since the inner surface of the bone augmentation guide plate module D is designed according to an ideal shape, the space formed by the inner cavity and the bone surface after snapping is the preset augmentation space. The edges of the guide module are fixed with membrane staples or titanium staples, and the wound is sutured. Postoperative CBCT verification shows that the actual bone contour and the outer contour of the preoperatively designed modular bone defect splicing model C300 have a mismatch error of less than 0.5 mm.
[0054] The preparation method of this integrated model for displaying bone defects is carried out through steps S1-S6 described above. In this method, the printed bone augmentation guide plate module D400 is generated through reverse engineering from a modular bone defect splicing model C300, which is based on the "bone defect basic module A100 + bone augmentation region module B200". By separating and combining A and B, doctors and patients can instantly understand "where is missing" and "how much needs to be added," which is more convincing than a single model. By designing the bone defect basic module A100 and the bone augmentation region module B200 as a detachable splicing structure, doctors can conduct a dynamic "separation-combination" demonstration in front of the patient: first, module A is shown to help the patient understand the defect location, and then module B is spliced on to demonstrate the postoperative effect. This physical demonstration is more convincing than simple images or single-printed models, significantly improving the quality of doctor-patient communication.
[0055] This means that the internal volume of the bone augmentation guide plate module D400 is precisely equal to the volume of module B. During the procedure, the surgeon can pre-place the biomembrane within the guide module's cavity and trim it to fit the cavity wall, then fill it with a measured amount of bone powder, and finally attach the entire "membrane-powder-guide shell" to the target patient's mouth. Because the inner surface morphology of the guide shell has been pre-planned and verified, the volume and contour of the bone powder inserted during the procedure will be forced to conform to the pre-operative design, achieving the technical goal of "pre-operative planning equals intra-operative reality."
[0056] The complex GBR procedure has been simplified and standardized into a standardized "capping" operation: the surgeon can pre-trim the membrane and fill the bone outside the mouth, avoiding the time-consuming and precision-challenged on-site trimming and packing inside the patient's mouth. This not only shortens the operation time, but more importantly, ensures that surgeons of different experience levels can achieve consistent surgical precision.
[0057] Compared to the traditional 3D printing method that requires two steps (a defective model and a complete model), this system only requires one printing process (printing modules A, B, and D simultaneously), reducing material costs by approximately 40% and time costs by more than 50%.
[0058] The method for preparing this integrated model for displaying bone defects, through 3D data visualization and 3D printing, provides doctors with a clear model solution. It clearly presents the structural morphology of the modular bone defect splicing model and the bone augmentation guide plate, facilitating the display of the actual morphology of the target object, reducing material and time costs, and enabling doctors to effectively plan preoperatively and perform surgical operations. It ensures precise control of bone augmentation volume and provides a guide plate designed based on the final ideal morphology for treatment. This addresses the pain points of unintuitive preoperative assessment and lack of physical reference for intraoperative bone powder filling and biofilm trimming, facilitating the optimization of the treatment plan and ensuring its formation effect. At the same time, it provides a visual display of the morphological differences before and after bone augmentation for the target object through physical splicing, improving the effectiveness of doctor-patient communication.
[0059] Example 2 A modular bone defect splicing model and bone augmentation guide plate integrating mold and guide are fabricated using the technology described in Example 1 above. This modular bone defect splicing model and bone augmentation guide plate integrating mold and guide are, as... Figures 1-4 As shown, a modular bone defect splicing model C300 and a bone increment guide plate module D400 are provided. The inner surface of the bone increment guide plate module D400 is attached to the outer surface of the modular bone defect splicing model C300.
[0060] The modular bone defect splicing model C300 is provided with a basic bone defect module A100 and a bone increment region module B200. The outer surface of the defect surface of the basic bone defect module A100 is attached to the lower surface of the bone increment region module B200.
[0061] The modular bone defect splicing model C300 also includes a first connection structure and a second connection structure. The first connection structure is located in the bone defect basic module A100, and the second connection structure is located in the bone increment region module B200. The first connection structure and the second connection structure are matched with each other.
[0062] Specifically, the connection methods of the first connection structure and the second connection structure are respectively set as snap-fit splicing or magnetic splicing; Among them, the bone defect basic module A100, the bone augmentation area module B200, and the bone augmentation guide plate module D400 are all printed using medical photosensitive resin. Specifically, the aforementioned bone augmentation region module B200 is configured as a block structure with an arc-shaped upper outer surface.
[0063] Specifically, the aforementioned bone augmentation guide plate module D400 is equipped with multiple observation cutouts 401. These observation cutouts are typically located on the surfaces of adjacent teeth or surrounding bone to observe the alignment between the denture base and the tooth or bone tissue, thereby determining whether the denture is accurately positioned.
[0064] In the actual treatment process, the bone augmentation guide plate module D400 is flipped up and placed inside, with an absorbable collagen membrane (such as Bio-Gide) placed inside. The edges of the membrane are trimmed according to the inner cavity contour of D so that it fits the inner surface (31). Then, bone substitute material (such as Bio-Oss bone powder) is filled into the cavity of D and slightly compacted, with the filling amount just filling the inner cavity.
[0065] In use, by combining the basic bone defect module A and the bone augmentation area module B, and setting both as a detachable and splicable structure, doctors can perform a dynamic "separation-combination" demonstration in front of the target patient: first, module A is shown to help the target patient understand the defect location, and then module B is spliced on to demonstrate the postoperative effect. At the same time, it can provide medical staff with an ideal shape design for the target patient through the bone augmentation guide plate module D, improving the uniform treatment effect. Since the inner surface of D is designed according to the ideal shape, the space formed by the inner cavity and the bone surface after snapping is the preset augmentation space, providing a perfect treatment effect.
[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing an integrated model for displaying bone defects, comprising a modular bone defect splicing model and a bone augmentation guiding plate, characterized in that, Prepared by the following steps: Step S1: Import the CBCT image data of the target object into the 3D software, and create a corresponding 3D model of the bone defect basic module A based on the bone defect area of the target object. Step S2: Based on the preoperative implant diameter and safety distance requirements, preset the bone increment range in the 3D software, and draw a 3D model of the bone increment area module B with the shape covering the defect surface based on the bone increment range. Step S3: The three-dimensional image of the basic bone defect module A and the three-dimensional image of the bone increment region module B are virtually merged in the software into a modular bone defect splicing model C three-dimensional image. Step S4: Generate a three-dimensional bone increment guide plate module D with a thickness of H outward from the outer contour of the three-dimensional image of the modular bone defect splicing model C. Step S5: Draw a three-dimensional diagram of the addition of the first connection structure on the defect surface of the three-dimensional diagram of the basic bone defect module A, and at the same time add a three-dimensional diagram of the second connection structure that matches the three-dimensional diagram of the first connection structure to the bottom surface of the three-dimensional diagram of the bone increment region module B. Step S6: 3D print the three-dimensional image of the bone defect basic module A with the first connection structure three-dimensional image, the three-dimensional image of the bone increment region module B with the second connection structure three-dimensional image, and the bone increment guide plate module D.
2. The method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness H of the bone increment guide plate module D is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
3. The method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S6 further includes the bone increment guide plate module D having multiple observation cutouts in its three-dimensional image.
4. The method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, the bone augmentation guide plate module D three-dimensional image is set as a single complete three-dimensional image or multiple three-dimensional images spliced together.
5. The method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The 3D software is Mimics or 3Shape Implant Studio.
6. A model for displaying bone defects using a mold-guided integrated system, characterized in that: The model is prepared by the method for preparing the integrated model-guided bone defect display model according to at least one of claims 1-5.
7. The integrated model for displaying bone defects according to claim 5, characterized in that: The system includes a modular bone defect splicing model C and a bone increment guide plate module D, with the inner surface of the bone increment guide plate module D fitting to the outer surface of the modular bone defect splicing model C.
8. The integrated model for displaying bone defects according to claim 7, characterized in that: The modular bone defect splicing model C is provided with a basic bone defect module A and a bone increment region module B. The outer surface of the defect surface of the basic bone defect module A is attached to the lower surface of the bone increment region module B.
9. The integrated model for displaying bone defects according to claim 8, characterized in that: The modular bone defect splicing model C is further provided with a first connection structure and a second connection structure. The first connection structure is provided at the defect surface of the bone defect basic module A, and the second connection structure is provided at the bottom surface of the bone increment region module B. The first connection structure and the second connection structure are matched with each other.
10. The integrated model for displaying bone defects according to claim 9, characterized in that: The connection methods between the first connection structure and the second connection structure are respectively set as snap-fit splicing or magnetic splicing; The bone defect basic module A, the bone augmentation region module B, and the bone augmentation guide plate module D are respectively printed using medical photosensitive resin; The bone augmentation region module B is configured as a block structure with an arc-shaped upper outer surface; The bone increment guide plate module D is provided with multiple observation cutouts.