Flame-retardant and weather-resistant cable and method for producing the same

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of cable technology and discloses a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable and its preparation method. The cable core includes an insulation layer, a soft armor layer, a cooling layer, a lubrication layer, a reinforcing layer, and a light-diffusing layer. The invention utilizes a shape memory metal frame to thermally trigger the rupture of a repair agent capsule, releasing a UV-mixed adhesive that rapidly cures under ultraviolet light. This effectively repairs macroscopic damage to the cable outer sheath caused by mechanical cracking or fire ablation. The repair agent is formulated with flame-retardant powder and an anti-aging agent, resulting in a repair layer that combines flame-retardant and aging-resistant properties after curing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable technology, specifically to a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core infrastructure for power transmission and signal transmission, cables are widely used in power grid systems, rail transit, new energy power generation and building power distribution. In actual service, cables are subjected to the coupling effect of multiple physical fields such as high electric field, heat load and mechanical stress for a long time. At the same time, they also face the challenges of harsh environments such as direct sunlight, acid rain corrosion, diurnal temperature variation and fire. This places extremely high demands on the flame retardant performance and aging resistance of cables.

[0003] Existing cable technology still has certain problems. Flame retardancy and aging resistance are independent of each other and are based on passive response mechanisms. They lack active control and structural functional synergy. Self-healing technology mainly focuses on micro-cracks and has limited ability to repair severe damage such as macro-level outer sheath cracks and fire erosion. Moreover, the heat insulation and cooling structure has not yet been integrated with the self-healing structure. The two are still in a state of separation in terms of spatial layout and functional logic, and it is difficult to cope with large-area damage caused by severe working conditions such as fire. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable and its preparation method, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A cable core is included, an insulation layer is connected to the surface of the cable core, a soft armor layer is connected to the surface of the insulation layer, a cooling layer is connected to the surface of the soft armor layer, a lubrication layer is connected to the surface of the cooling layer, a reinforcing layer is connected to the surface of the lubrication layer, a light-diffusing layer is connected to the surface of the reinforcing layer, a beam splitter is connected within the reinforcing layer, a light-transmitting barrier is connected to the surface of the light-diffusing layer, a heat-resistant reserve layer is connected to the surface of the light-transmitting barrier layer, multiple repair components are embedded within the heat-resistant reserve layer, a liquid leveling layer is connected to the surface of the heat-resistant reserve layer, a glass fiber braided layer is connected to the surface of the liquid leveling layer, an external flame-retardant layer is connected to the surface of the glass fiber braided layer, and an optical fiber sensor is connected between the external flame-retardant layer and the glass fiber braided layer.

[0006] Preferably, the cable core includes a wrapped end, and multiple sets of protective cables are sleeved inside the wrapped end, with a main core wire connected inside each set of protective cables.

[0007] Preferably, the cooling layer includes a heat insulation layer, an inner ring of which is connected to a heat-conducting layer, and a coolant pipe is connected between the heat insulation layer and the heat-conducting layer.

[0008] Preferably, the beam splitting assembly includes multiple sets of ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion beam splitters. Each set of ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion beam splitters is connected to a micro-electro-controlled optical switch on one side. Each micro-electro-controlled optical switch is connected to a micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator at its output end. Each set of ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion beam splitters is connected to a branch optical fiber at its output end. The other end of each branch optical fiber passes through the micro-electro-controlled optical switch and the micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator and is connected to the astigmatism layer. Each set of micro-electro-controlled optical switch and the micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator is connected to a flexible circuit board on one side. The multiple sets of ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion beam splitters are interspersed with the same ultraviolet trunk optical fiber.

[0009] Preferably, a control box is connected to one end of the ultraviolet backbone optical fiber and the flexible circuit board.

[0010] Preferably, the diffuser layer includes a diffuser tube, and multiple sets of side-emitting optical fiber rings are sleeved and connected inside the diffuser tube, and multiple sets of light-shielding rings are embedded and connected on the surface of the diffuser tube.

[0011] Preferably, the heat-resistant reserve layer includes a main pipe layer, the inner side of which is provided with multiple sets of fitting grooves, the inner wall of which is provided with multiple sets of breaking tips, the inner wall of which is connected with multiple sets of through holes, and the repair component is fitted into the fitting groove.

[0012] Preferably, the repair component includes multiple repair agent capsules, with two sets of memory metal frames connected to the inner ring of each repair agent capsule. A light-transmitting film is connected between the memory metal frames, and a control wire group is connected between the memory metal frames. One end of the control wire group passes through the heat-resistant storage layer and is connected to the control box.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid homogenizing layer has multiple sets of capillary grooves.

[0014] Preferably, a method for preparing a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable includes the following steps: Step 1: Braid a protective cable with aramid yarn on the outside of the main core wire, then put the protective cable into the injection mold, inject high-density polyethylene to form the wrapped end, and obtain the cable core. Extrude the insulation layer on the surface of the cable core through a three-layer co-extrusion head, and then wrap it with galvanized steel strip to form a soft armor layer. Step 2: Cover the soft armor layer with a heat-conducting layer, embed the coolant pipe on the outside of the heat-conducting layer, pre-fill the inside with coolant, then cover the outside of the coolant pipe with a heat insulation layer, uniformly spray molybdenum disulfide lubricant on the surface of the heat insulation layer to form a lubricating layer, and then weave a galvanized steel wire mesh as a reinforcing layer. Step 3: Install the flexible circuit board, ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion splitter, micro-electronic control optical switch and micro-fiber adjustable optical attenuator within the wall thickness of the reinforcing layer. Pass the ultraviolet trunk fiber through each ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion splitter in sequence, and connect the branch fiber to the side-emitting fiber ring to be arranged. Put the light-shielding ring on the corresponding position on the outer surface of the diffuser tube, and put the diffuser tube on the outside of the reinforcing layer. Step 4: Extrude ultraviolet transparent silicone onto the surface of the diffuser tube to form a light-transmitting barrier layer, then injection mold the main tube layer, and pre-reserve fitting grooves, break tips and through holes on the inner side; Step 5: Prepare the mixture under light-proof conditions, stir evenly, degas under vacuum, inject into the repair agent capsule and seal, embed the repair agent capsule into the fitting groove, and pass the control wire assembly through the pre-set channel in the heat-resistant reserve layer. Install the memory metal frame and the light-transmitting film on the inner ring side of the repair agent capsule, and connect the control wire assembly to the memory metal frame. Step 6: Cover the heat-resistant reserve layer with a liquid equalization layer, open capillary grooves on the inner surface, then braid a glass fiber braided layer, extrude an external flame-retardant layer on the outside of the glass fiber braided layer, place a distributed optical fiber sensor axially between the glass fiber braided layer and the external flame-retardant layer, and finally lead out and connect one end of the ultraviolet trunk optical fiber, the flexible circuit board cable, the control wire group and the optical fiber sensor to the prefabricated control box, and the corresponding control elements inside the control box.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are: This application utilizes a shape memory metal frame to thermally trigger the rupture of the repair agent capsule, releasing a UV-mixed adhesive that rapidly cures under ultraviolet light. This effectively repairs macroscopic damage to the cable outer sheath caused by mechanical cracking or fire erosion. The repair agent is formulated with flame-retardant powder and anti-aging agents, resulting in a repair layer that combines flame retardancy and aging resistance after curing. Built-in distributed fiber optic sensors monitor the cable's external strain and temperature in real time. Combined with a beam splitter to split, switch, and adjust the intensity of ultraviolet light, the damage location can be precisely pinpointed and repair can be triggered as needed. A cooling layer and a light-transmitting layer separate the self-healing structure from the internal cable core, preventing the cable core's heating from affecting the storage stability of the repair agent. Simultaneously, it reduces internal temperature rise during a fire, ensuring the cable's short-term operational capability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the light-diffusing layer in a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam splitter in a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat-resistant reserve layer in a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the repair component in a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid leveling layer in a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of section A.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Cable core; 2. Sheathed end; 3. Protective cable; 4. Main core wire; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Soft armor layer; 7. Cooling layer; 8. Thermal insulation layer one; 9. Thermal conductive layer; 10. Coolant pipe; 11. Lubricating layer; 12. Reinforcing layer; 13. Diffusing layer; 131. Diffusing tube; 132. Side-emitting fiber optic ring; 133. Shielding ring; 14. Beam splitter assembly; 141. Ultraviolet miniature side-fused beam splitter; 142. Branch fiber; 143. Miniature electro-optical switch; 144. Miniature adjustable fiber optic cable. 145. Optical attenuator; 146. Flexible circuit board; 147. Ultraviolet backbone fiber; 18. Control box; 19. Transparent partition; 10. Heat-resistant storage layer; 11. Main pipe layer; 12. Fitting groove; 13. Broken tip; 14. Through hole; 15. Repair assembly; 16. Repair agent capsule; 17. Memory metal frame; 18. Transparent film; 19. Control wire assembly; 20. Liquid equalization layer; 21. Capillary groove; 22. Glass fiber braided layer; 23. External flame retardant layer; 24. Fiber optic sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-8This invention provides a technical solution comprising a cable core 1, an insulation layer 5 connected to the surface of the cable core 1, a soft armor layer 6 connected to the surface of the insulation layer 5, a cooling layer 7 connected to the surface of the soft armor layer 6, and a lubricating layer 11 connected to the surface of the cooling layer 7 to reduce friction and wear between the layers and facilitate cable bending and laying. A reinforcing layer 12 is integrally formed and connected to the surface of the lubricating layer 11. A light-diffusing layer 13 is connected to the surface of the reinforcing layer 12, and a beam-splitting component 14 is connected within the reinforcing layer 12. A light-transmitting barrier layer 17, made of ultraviolet-transparent silicone, is connected to the surface of the light-diffusing layer 13, allowing ultraviolet light to pass through while thermally isolating the light-diffusing layer 13 from the heat-resistant reserve layer 18. A heat-resistant... The heat storage layer 18 is embedded with multiple repair components 19. A liquid leveling layer 20 is connected to the surface of the heat storage layer 18, and a fiberglass braided layer 21 is connected to the surface of the liquid leveling layer 20. The fiberglass braided layer 21 provides structural strength and fireproof isolation. An external flame retardant layer 22 is connected to the surface of the fiberglass braided layer 21. The external flame retardant layer 22 is made of halogen-free, low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin or ceramicized silicone rubber, which quickly chars and inhibits the spread of flames in the event of a fire. An optical fiber sensor 23 is connected between the external flame retardant layer 22 and the fiberglass braided layer 21. The optical fiber sensor 23 is a distributed optical fiber used to monitor the external temperature and strain of the cable in real time. When a rupture or fire occurs, the signal change triggers the control box 16 to start the repair process.

[0020] The cable core 1 includes a wrapping end 2, inside which multiple sets of protective cables 3 are sleeved, and the main core wire 4 is connected inside the multiple sets of protective cables 3. The wrapping end 2 is injection molded from high-density polyethylene or polypropylene material, and the protective cables 3 are woven from aramid yarn.

[0021] The cooling layer 7 includes a thermal insulation layer 8, with a thermally conductive layer 9 connected to the inner ring of the thermal insulation layer 8. A coolant pipe 10 is connected between the thermal insulation layer 8 and the thermally conductive layer 9. The thermally conductive layer 9 is made of thermally conductive silicone, the thermal insulation layer 8 is made of aerogel felt, and the coolant pipe 10 is a flexible polymer pipe filled with phase change coolant to absorb heat when the cable is overloaded.

[0022] The beam splitter assembly 14 includes multiple sets of ultraviolet miniature side-fused beam splitters 141. Each ultraviolet miniature side-fused beam splitter 141 has a miniature electro-optical switch 143 connected to one side. The output of each miniature electro-optical switch 143 is connected to a miniature fiber optic tunable attenuator 144. A branch fiber 142 is connected to the output of each ultraviolet miniature side-fused beam splitter 141. The other end of the branch fiber 142 passes through the miniature electro-optical switch 143 and the miniature fiber optic tunable attenuator 144, and is connected to the diffuser layer 13. The miniature electro-optical switch 143 and the miniature fiber optic tunable attenuator 144... A flexible circuit board 145 is connected to one side of the attenuator 144. Multiple sets of ultraviolet micro side-fused optical splitters 141 are interspersed with the same ultraviolet backbone fiber 146. The ultraviolet backbone fiber 146 is made of quartz multimode fiber. The flexible circuit board 145 integrates a micro control chip and a drive circuit, which can independently control each micro electro-optical switch 143 and micro fiber adjustable optical attenuator 144 according to the instructions of the control box 16, thereby realizing the splitting, switching and intensity adjustment of ultraviolet light. The control box 16 is connected to one end of the ultraviolet backbone fiber 146 and the flexible circuit board 145.

[0023] The control box 16 contains an ultraviolet light source module and an aspherical quartz lens coupling system to efficiently couple ultraviolet light into the ultraviolet backbone fiber 146; a drive circuit board, a low-voltage DC power supply module, an EMI filter circuit, and an overcurrent protection circuit; an industrial-grade MCU with built-in curing control algorithm, which communicates with a miniature electronically controlled optical switch 143 and a miniature fiber optic adjustable optical attenuator 144 via a flexible circuit board 145, and simultaneously receives signals from the fiber optic sensor 23; a fiber optic sensing demodulation module connected to the fiber optic sensor 23, which can monitor the strain, temperature, and damage signals of the cable in real time. When a crack or fire damage is detected, the curing repair program is automatically triggered. There are also necessary control accessories, which are existing mature technologies and are not described in detail in the manual.

[0024] The diffuser layer 13 includes a diffuser tube 131, inside which multiple sets of side-emitting fiber rings 132 are connected and installed. Multiple sets of light-shielding rings 133 are fitted and connected to the surface of the diffuser tube 131. The diffuser tube 131 is made of a flexible FEP tube with high ultraviolet transmittance. The side-emitting fiber rings 132 are made of branched optical fibers 142 wound into a ring inside the diffuser tube 131 and are evenly distributed at different positions along the cable axis. The light-shielding rings 133 are annular metal foils or black polymer rings, used to limit ultraviolet light to be emitted only from the side of the required section to avoid light crosstalk.

[0025] The heat-resistant reservoir layer 18 includes a main pipe layer 181. Multiple sets of fitting grooves 182 are opened on the inner side of the main pipe layer 181. Multiple sets of breaking tips 183 are opened on the inner wall of the fitting grooves 182. Multiple sets of through holes 184 are connected to the inner wall of the fitting grooves 182. The repair component 19 is fitted into the fitting grooves 182. The fitting grooves 182 are equidistantly distributed along the cable axis. When the repair component 19 expands, the breaking tips 183 can pierce the repair agent sac 191, and the through holes 184 penetrate the bottom wall of the fitting groove 182, so that the repair agent flowing out after the rupture can enter the liquid equalization layer 20.

[0026] Repair component 19 includes multiple repair agent capsules 191, each filled with a mixture of UV adhesive, flame-retardant powder, and anti-aging material. Two memory metal frames 192 are connected within the inner ring of each repair agent capsule 191. A light-transmitting film 193 connects the memory metal frames 192, and a control wire assembly 194 connects the memory metal frames 192. One end of the control wire assembly 194 penetrates the heat-resistant reservoir layer 18 and is connected to the control box 16. The capsule walls of the repair agent capsules 191 are made of low-density polyethylene or polyurethane elastomer. The memory metal frame 192 is an arc-shaped structure made of nickel-titanium alloy sheet. It remains in a contracted state at room temperature. When heated to the phase change temperature by energizing the control wire assembly 194, the memory metal frame 192 expands and unfolds, squeezing the repair agent bladder 191 to rupture and release the internal mixture. The light-transmitting film 193 is an ultraviolet transparent polyester film that allows the ultraviolet light emitted from the diffuser layer 13 to pass through and irradiate the mixture. The control wire assembly 194 consists of multiple insulated fine copper wires, distributed and connected to different memory metal frames 192, with the other end connected to the drive circuit of the control box 16.

[0027] The mixture in the repair agent capsule 191 includes, by weight: 50-70 parts of UV-curable resin, 1-5 parts of photoinitiator, 10-30 parts of flame retardant powder, 1-5 parts of anti-aging agent and ultraviolet absorber, 0.5-2 parts of coupling agent, and 0.5-3 parts of thixotropic agent. The above components are stirred evenly at high speed under light-protected conditions, then degassed under vacuum, injected into the repair agent capsule 191 and sealed.

[0028] Multiple sets of capillary grooves 201 are formed in the liquid leveling layer 20. The liquid leveling layer 20 is made of porous polytetrafluoroethylene or sintered metal fiber felt. The capillary grooves 201 are micro-grooves extending along the cable axis. The capillary force is used to quickly spread the repair agent flowing out of the through hole 184 to the damaged area, ensuring that a continuous and dense repair layer is formed after curing.

[0029] A method for preparing a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable includes the following steps: Step 1: Braid a protective cable with aramid yarn on the outside of the main core wire, then put the protective cable into the injection mold, inject high-density polyethylene to form the wrapped end, and obtain the cable core. Extrude the insulation layer on the surface of the cable core through a three-layer co-extrusion head, and then wrap it with galvanized steel strip to form a soft armor layer. Step 2: Cover the soft armor layer with a heat-conducting layer, embed the coolant pipe on the outside of the heat-conducting layer, pre-fill the inside with coolant, then cover the outside of the coolant pipe with a heat insulation layer, uniformly spray molybdenum disulfide lubricant on the surface of the heat insulation layer to form a lubricating layer, and then weave a galvanized steel wire mesh as a reinforcing layer. Step 3: Install the flexible circuit board, ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion splitter, micro-electronic control optical switch and micro-fiber adjustable optical attenuator within the wall thickness of the reinforcing layer. Pass the ultraviolet trunk fiber through each ultraviolet micro-lateral fusion splitter in sequence, and connect the branch fiber to the side-emitting fiber ring to be arranged. Put the light-shielding ring on the corresponding position on the outer surface of the diffuser tube, and put the diffuser tube on the outside of the reinforcing layer. Step 4: Extrude ultraviolet transparent silicone onto the surface of the diffuser tube to form a light-transmitting barrier layer, then injection mold the main tube layer, and pre-reserve fitting grooves, break tips and through holes on the inner side; Step 5: Prepare the mixture under light-proof conditions, stir evenly, degas under vacuum, inject into the repair agent capsule and seal, embed the repair agent capsule into the fitting groove, and pass the control wire assembly through the pre-set channel in the heat-resistant reserve layer. Install the memory metal frame and the light-transmitting film on the inner ring side of the repair agent capsule, and connect the control wire assembly to the memory metal frame. Step 6: Cover the heat-resistant reserve layer with a liquid equalization layer, open capillary grooves on the inner surface, then braid a glass fiber braided layer, extrude an external flame-retardant layer on the outside of the glass fiber braided layer, place a distributed optical fiber sensor axially between the glass fiber braided layer and the external flame-retardant layer, and finally lead out and connect one end of the ultraviolet trunk optical fiber, the flexible circuit board cable, the control wire group and the optical fiber sensor to the prefabricated control box, and the corresponding control elements inside the control box.

[0030] Working Principle: The cable core transmits power or signals, the insulation layer provides electrical insulation, the soft armor layer and the reinforcing layer provide mechanical protection, the cooling layer absorbs and conducts internal heat through the coolant pipe, the lubrication layer reduces interlayer friction, and the external flame-retardant layer and fiberglass braided layer work together to resist the spread of external flames. Simultaneously, the ultraviolet light source in the control box is in standby mode, and the repair agent capsule in the repair assembly remains intact, with the mixture stably stored inside. When the cable's outer sheath cracks or burns due to external mechanical impact or fire, the distributed fiber optic sensor located between the outer sheath and the fiberglass braided layer detects sudden strain changes or abnormal temperature rises in real time and transmits the signal back to the control box. The MCU in the control box, based on the damage location calculated by the fiber optic sensing demodulation module, first heats the memory metal frame of the corresponding damaged section through the control conductor group, causing the memory metal frame to undergo a phase change expansion, squeezing the repair agent capsule and puncturing it with a broken tip within the fitting groove. The mixture of UV adhesive, flame-retardant powder, and anti-aging agent stored inside flows out from the through-hole or rupture opening, passing through the bottom of the fitting groove... The mixture enters the homogenizing layer through a through-hole. Capillary grooves on the inner surface of the homogenizing layer utilize capillary force to rapidly and evenly spread the mixture to the damaged area. Simultaneously, the control box activates the ultraviolet light source module. Ultraviolet light is coupled into the ultraviolet backbone fiber through an aspherical quartz lens, and then distributed as needed to the side-emitting fiber coils corresponding to the damaged section via a micro-ultraviolet lateral fusion beam splitter, a micro-electro-controlled optical switch, and a micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator. The side-emitting fiber coils emit uniform lateral ultraviolet light, which sequentially passes through a diffuser, a light-transmitting barrier, and the repair layer. The light-transmitting film in the component shines on the mixture spread on the damaged area. After the photoinitiator in the mixture is excited, the UV-curing resin is rapidly cured within 10 to 30 seconds. At the same time, the flame-retardant powder and anti-aging agent are evenly dispersed in the cured layer, forming a new sheath layer that combines flame retardancy, aging resistance and structural strength. This completes the self-repair of macroscopic damage to the cable. During this process, the cooling layer and the light-transmitting barrier layer effectively isolate the heat generated by the cable core from the self-repairing structure, ensuring that the repair agent is not affected by internal heat during storage and curing.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable, comprising a cable core (1), characterized in that: An insulation layer (5) is connected to the surface of the cable core (1). A soft armor layer (6) is connected to the surface of the insulation layer (5). A cooling layer (7) is connected to the surface of the soft armor layer (6). A lubrication layer (11) is connected to the surface of the cooling layer (7). A reinforcing layer (12) is connected to the surface of the lubrication layer (11). A light-diffusing layer (13) is connected to the surface of the reinforcing layer (12). A beam-splitting component (14) is connected inside the reinforcing layer (12). A light-transmitting barrier (15) is connected to the surface of the light-diffusing layer (13). 7) A heat-resistant reserve layer (18) is connected to the surface of the light-transmitting layer (17). Multiple repair components (19) are embedded in the heat-resistant reserve layer (18). A liquid leveling layer (20) is connected to the surface of the heat-resistant reserve layer (18). A glass fiber braided layer (21) is connected to the surface of the liquid leveling layer (20). An external flame-retardant layer (22) is connected to the surface of the glass fiber braided layer (21). An optical fiber sensor (23) is connected between the external flame-retardant layer (22) and the glass fiber braided layer (21).

2. The flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cable core (1) includes a wrapping end (2), and multiple sets of protective cables (3) are sleeved inside the wrapping end (2), and a main core wire (4) is connected inside the multiple sets of protective cables (3).

3. The flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling layer (7) includes a heat insulation layer (8), and a heat-conducting layer (9) is connected to the inner ring of the heat insulation layer (8). A coolant pipe (10) is connected between the heat insulation layer (8) and the heat-conducting layer (9).

4. The flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 3, characterized in that: The beam splitting assembly (14) includes multiple sets of ultraviolet micro-side-fused beam splitters (141). Each set of ultraviolet micro-side-fused beam splitters (141) is connected to a micro-electronically controlled optical switch (143) on one side. Each set of micro-electronically controlled optical switches (143) is connected to a micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator (144) at the output end. Each set of ultraviolet micro-side-fused beam splitters (141) is connected to a branch optical fiber (142). The other end of the branch optical fiber (142) passes through the micro-electronically controlled optical switch (143) and the micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator (144) and is connected to the diffuser layer (13). Each set of micro-electronically controlled optical switches (143) and the micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator (144) is connected to a flexible circuit board (145). The same ultraviolet trunk optical fiber (146) is interspersed within the multiple sets of ultraviolet micro-side-fused beam splitters (141).

5. The flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 4, characterized in that: A control box (16) is connected to one end of the ultraviolet backbone fiber (146) and the flexible circuit board (145).

6. The flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diffuser layer (13) includes a diffuser tube (131), and multiple sets of side-emitting fiber rings (132) are sleeved and connected inside the diffuser tube (131). Multiple sets of light-shielding rings (133) are fitted and connected to the surface of the diffuser tube (131).

7. A flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat-resistant storage layer (18) includes a main pipe layer (181), with multiple sets of fitting grooves (182) opened on the inner side of the main pipe layer (181), multiple sets of breakage tips (183) opened on the inner wall of the fitting groove (182), and multiple sets of through holes (184) connected to the inner wall of the fitting groove (182). The repair component (19) is fitted into the fitting groove (182).

8. A flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 7, characterized in that: The repair component (19) includes multiple repair agent sacs (191). Two sets of memory metal frames (192) are connected to the inner ring of each repair agent sac (191). A light-transmitting film (193) is connected between the memory metal frames (192). A control wire group (194) is connected between the memory metal frames (192). One end of the control wire group (194) passes through the heat-resistant storage layer (18) and is connected to the control box (16).

9. A flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 8, characterized in that: Multiple sets of capillary grooves (201) are formed in the liquid equalization layer (20).

10. A method for preparing a flame-retardant and aging-resistant cable according to claim 9, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Braid a protective cable (3) with aramid yarn on the outside of the main core wire (4), then put the protective cable (3) into the injection mold, inject high-density polyethylene to form the wrapping end (2), and obtain the cable core (1). The insulation layer (5) is extruded on the surface of the cable core (1) through a three-layer co-extrusion die head, and then wrapped with galvanized steel strip to form a soft armor layer (6). Step 2: Cover the soft armor layer (6) with a heat-conducting layer (9), embed the coolant pipe (10) on the outside of the heat-conducting layer (9), pre-inject coolant into the inside, then cover the outside of the coolant pipe (10) with a heat insulation layer (8), uniformly spray molybdenum disulfide lubricant on the surface of the heat insulation layer (8) to form a lubricating layer (11), and then weave a galvanized steel wire mesh as a reinforcing layer (12). Step 3: Install a flexible circuit board (145), a micro-ultraviolet side-fused beam splitter (141), a micro-electro-controlled optical switch (143), and a micro-fiber tunable optical attenuator (144) within the wall thickness of the reinforcing layer (12). Pass the ultraviolet trunk fiber (146) through each of the ultraviolet micro-ultraviolet side-fused beam splitters (141) in sequence, and connect the branch fiber (142) to the side-emitting fiber ring (132) to be arranged. Place a light-shielding ring (133) on the corresponding position on the outer surface of the diffuser (131), and place the diffuser (131) entirely outside the reinforcing layer (12). Step 4: Extrude ultraviolet transparent silicone to form a light-transmitting layer (17) on the surface of the diffuser tube (131), and then injection mold the main tube layer (181), and reserve the fitting groove (182), the break tip (183) and the through hole (184) on the inner side. Step 5: Prepare the mixture under light-protected conditions, stir evenly, degas under vacuum, inject into the repair agent capsule (191) and seal it, embed the repair agent capsule (191) into the fitting groove (182), and pass the control wire assembly (194) through the pre-set channel of the heat-resistant reserve layer (18). Install the memory metal frame (192) and the light-transmitting film (193) on the inner ring side of the repair agent capsule (191), and connect the control wire assembly (194) to the memory metal frame (192). Step 6: Cover the heat-resistant storage layer (18) with a liquid equalization layer (20), open a capillary groove (201) on the inner surface, then braid a glass fiber braided layer (21), extrude an external flame retardant layer (22) on the outside of the glass fiber braided layer (21), place a distributed optical fiber sensor (23) axially between the glass fiber braided layer (21) and the external flame retardant layer (22), and finally lead out one end of the ultraviolet trunk optical fiber (146), the flexible circuit board (145) cable, the control wire group (194) and the optical fiber sensor (23) and connect them to the prefabricated control box (16), and the corresponding control elements inside the control box (16).

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