A superconducting transformer and a method of manufacturing a stacked cable

Abstract

This application relates to the field of transformer technology, and more particularly to a superconducting transformer and a method for fabricating a stacked cable. The superconducting transformer includes a stacked cable, a circular superconducting cable, and a rectangular magnetic core. The stacked cable includes a metal sheath, a conductor, and multiple narrow strips. The conductor has a wide surface, and the multiple narrow strips are stacked on the wide surface of the conductor. The metal sheath wraps around the periphery of the multiple narrow strips. The circular superconducting cable includes a flexible core rod and multiple superconducting strips, which are spirally wound around the flexible core rod. Both the stacked cable and the circular superconducting cable are wound around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core, and are symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core. This application, by winding the stacked cable and the circular superconducting cable around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core, forms an alternating magnetic field within the rectangular magnetic core, achieving adaptation of the current transmission path to the electromagnetic environment. This overcomes the physical limitations of traditional linear superposition, increases the single-unit capacity of the transformer, and reduces operating losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of transformer technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a superconducting transformer and a stacked cable. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy structure transformation and the improvement of electrification level, the performance requirements of the core equipment transformer in the power system are increasing. As the basic equipment for power transmission and distribution, the transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change AC voltage. The main components of the transformer are the primary coil, the secondary coil and the rectangular magnetic core, and it has functions such as voltage transformation, current transformation, impedance transformation, isolation and voltage stabilization.

[0003] Existing high-temperature superconducting transformers often employ a "linear superposition" design for conductors, which increases current-carrying capacity by increasing the number of individual superconducting strips. However, during transformer operation, the operating conditions of the primary winding on the high-voltage side and the secondary winding on the low-voltage side differ significantly. The primary winding needs to maintain insulation performance and electrodynamic stability under high voltage, while the secondary winding needs to maintain flexibility and low impedance characteristics under high current. Consequently, when the conductors are designed using a "linear superposition" approach, the current-carrying capacity of the secondary winding is limited under high-current conditions, and the primary winding suffers from uneven current distribution and insufficient mechanical strength under high-voltage conditions, making it impossible to achieve breakthroughs in single-unit capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for manufacturing a superconducting transformer and stacked cables to solve the problem that when using a "linear superposition" design, the secondary winding has limited current carrying capacity in high-current scenarios, and the primary winding has uneven current distribution and insufficient mechanical strength under high-voltage conditions, making it impossible to achieve a breakthrough in single-unit capacity.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a superconducting transformer, comprising:

[0006] A stacked cable includes a metal sheath, a conductor, and multiple narrow strips. The conductor has a wide face, and the multiple narrow strips are stacked on the wide face of the conductor. The metal sheath wraps around the periphery of the multiple narrow strips.

[0007] The circular core superconducting cable includes a flexible core rod and multiple superconducting tapes, with the multiple superconducting tapes spirally wound on the flexible core rod;

[0008] A rectangular magnetic core is formed, and stacked cables and round-core superconducting cables are all wound around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core, with the stacked cables and round-core superconducting cables symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core.

[0009] In one possible embodiment, the conductor includes a metal protective layer and multiple strips, with the metal protective layer wrapping around the periphery of the multiple strips.

[0010] In one possible embodiment, an insulating Dewar is also included, disposed on the outer periphery of the rectangular magnetic core.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the insulating Dewar is provided with high-voltage electrode leads and low-voltage electrode leads;

[0012] The high-voltage electrode lead is electrically connected to the round-core superconducting cable;

[0013] The low-voltage electrode leads are electrically connected to the stacked cables.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, a transformer base is also included, with an insulating Dewar fixed to the transformer base.

[0015] In one possible embodiment, a coil support frame is also included, which is mounted on the transformer base and supports the stacked cable and the round-core superconducting cable.

[0016] In one possible embodiment, a support wheel assembly is also included, which is mounted on the transformer base.

[0017] In one possible embodiment, the top of the insulating Dewar is provided with a drain pipe that communicates with the inner cavity of the insulating Dewar.

[0018] In one possible embodiment, an elastic buffer layer is also included, disposed between the stacked cable and the round-core superconducting cable.

[0019] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for preparing a stacked cable, used to prepare the stacked cable in the superconducting transformer provided above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Obtain a conductor, which includes a metal protective layer and multiple strips, with the metal protective layer wrapped around the periphery of the multiple strips;

[0021] Multiple narrow strips are stacked on the wide side of the conductor;

[0022] An outer layer of metal and an inner layer of metal are coated on the outside of multiple narrow strips, and the outer layer of metal and the inner layer of metal are bonded together by welding or hot pressing to form a metal encapsulation layer.

[0023] The superconducting transformer and stacked cable fabrication method provided in this application embodiment include a stacked cable where narrow strips are stacked on the wide surface of a conductor, and a metal cladding layer is provided on the outside of the narrow strips. This provides an equipotential path for the current, suppresses circulating and uneven current between the strips, and ensures that the current is evenly distributed to each strip, improving the utilization rate of the conductor. The circular core superconducting cable consists of multiple strips spirally wound on a flexible core rod. By changing the relative direction of the strips and the magnetic field, the vertical field component that dominates the strip losses is converted into a parallel field component, reducing magnetization losses. Furthermore, by winding the stacked cable and the circular core superconducting cable around the outside of a rectangular magnetic core, an alternating magnetic field is formed within the rectangular magnetic core, achieving adaptation of the current transmission path to the electromagnetic environment. This overcomes the physical limitations of traditional linear superposition, increases the single-unit capacity of the transformer, and reduces operating losses. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0025] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a superconducting transformer;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part B;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the conductor provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked cable provided in this application.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 100-Stacked cable; 110-Conductor; 111-Tape; 112-Metallic protective layer; 113-Wide surface; 120-Narrow strip; 130-Metal sheath layer; 131-Outer metal layer; 132-Inner metal layer; 200-Round core superconducting cable; 210-Flexible core rod; 220-Superconducting tape; 300-Rectangular magnetic core; 400-Insulating Dewar; 410-Drain pipe; 420-High voltage electrode lead; 430-Low voltage electrode lead; 500-Coil support frame; 600-Transformer base; 700-Support wheel assembly; 800-Elastic buffer layer.

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0034] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0035] Superconducting transformers belong to the technical field of combining power equipment with superconducting applications. They are mainly used in applications with high requirements for large-capacity power conversion, high power density power distribution, and applications with high requirements for equipment size, loss and operational stability. In scenarios such as offshore wind power grid connection, ship electric propulsion, rail transit traction power supply and high-load industrial power distribution, transformers usually complete voltage transformation and electromagnetic energy coupling within a limited installation space and withstand long-term load fluctuations, vibration shocks, temperature rise constraints and complex electromagnetic environment.

[0036] To enhance the current-carrying capacity of existing high-temperature superconducting transformers, methods such as increasing the amount of superconducting strips, stacking conductors, or using transposed conductors are commonly employed to expand capacity and increase current-carrying capacity. This involves increasing the total current-carrying cross-section along a single stacking path on the conductor. In these schemes, multiple strips are connected in parallel, stacked, or transposed to form a winding, which is wound around the outside of a magnetic core. Under the action of alternating current, magnetic flux is established through the magnetic core, completing the energy conversion between the primary and secondary sides.

[0037] As current levels increase and winding conditions differentiate, the operating conditions of the primary winding on the high-voltage side and the secondary winding on the low-voltage side differ significantly. The primary winding needs to maintain insulation performance and electrodynamic stability under high voltage, while the secondary winding needs to maintain flexibility and low impedance characteristics under high current. Therefore, simply stacking multiple strips enhances electromagnetic coupling between the strips, easily leading to uneven local current distribution, increased circulating current, and increased additional losses. Furthermore, the high-voltage low-current winding and the low-voltage high-current winding differ significantly in stress state, insulation coordination, bending requirements, and current transmission characteristics. A single conductor topology cannot simultaneously accommodate both types of operating conditions. As a result, when the conductor is designed using a "linear stacking" method, the current-carrying capacity of the secondary winding on the low-voltage side is limited under high-current scenarios, and the primary winding on the high-voltage side suffers from uneven current distribution and insufficient mechanical strength under high-voltage conditions, failing to achieve breakthroughs in single-unit capacity.

[0038] To address the aforementioned technical problems, a superconducting transformer is proposed. This transformer establishes an electromagnetic coupling structure adaptable to different operating conditions by using a stacked cable 100 and a circular superconducting cable 200 as two types of superconducting winding conductors 110, respectively. Both are wound around the outside of a rectangular magnetic core 300 and symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core 300. The stacked cable 100 consists of a conductor 110 with a wide face 113, multiple narrow strips 120 stacked on the wide face 113, and a metal sheath 130 wrapped around the outer periphery of the narrow strips 120. The circular superconducting cable 200 consists of a flexible core rod 210 and multiple superconducting strips 220 spirally wound on the flexible core rod 210. The aforementioned stacked cable 100 provides an equipotential path for the current, suppresses circulating and uneven currents between the strips 111, and distributes the current evenly to each strip 111, thereby improving the utilization rate of the conductor 110. The circular core superconducting cable 200 changes the relative direction between the strip 111 and the magnetic field, transforming the vertical field component that dominates the loss of the strip 111 into a parallel field component, thus reducing magnetization loss. Furthermore, an alternating magnetic field is formed in the rectangular magnetic core 300, enabling the current transmission path to adapt to the electromagnetic environment, thereby breaking through the physical limitations of traditional linear superposition, increasing the single-unit capacity of the transformer, and reducing operating losses.

[0039] This application provides a superconducting transformer, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a stacked cable 100, a circular superconducting cable 200, and a rectangular magnetic core 300. The stacked cable 100 and the circular superconducting cable 200 are both wound around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core 300, and the stacked cable 100 and the circular superconducting cable 200 are symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core 300, so that the two types of superconducting windings form a matched electromagnetic coupling relationship in the same magnetic circuit, and take into account the current carrying requirements, structural adaptability and operational stability under different operating conditions.

[0040] Among them, reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the stacked cable 100 is generally arranged to extend along its length direction, and the stacked cable 100 includes a metal sheath 130, a conductor 110 and a plurality of narrow strips 120. The conductor 110 has a wide surface 113, the plurality of narrow strips 120 are stacked on the wide surface 113 of the conductor 110, and the metal sheath 130 wraps around the periphery of the plurality of narrow strips 120.

[0041] Specifically, the stacked cable 100 is a superconducting conductor 110 structure in which multiple narrow strips 120 are stacked along the wide surface 113 of the conductor 110 and a metal cladding layer 130 is provided on the outer periphery. It is used to provide a large current-carrying cross section and a stable mechanical structure in the superconducting winding, thereby carrying the power transmission requirements of the low-voltage, high-current side.

[0042] Furthermore, conductor 110 can be a copper-based conductor, a silver-based conductor, or a copper alloy-based conductor, as long as it enables current transmission and electrical signal transmission.

[0043] Furthermore, the narrowband 120 can be made of high-temperature superconducting tape, composite superconducting tape, or superconducting tape with a stabilizing layer. The number of narrowband 120s and the number of stacked layers can be configured according to the superconducting winding current rating, inter-turn insulation requirements, and winding space. The outer dimensions of the wrapping layer are typically adapted to the internal narrowband 120 stack to ensure a tight compression effect while avoiding excessive occupation of winding space.

[0044] Furthermore, the metal cladding layer 130 surrounds the outer periphery of the multiple narrow strips 120; in addition, the metal cladding layer 130 can be a stainless steel cladding layer, a copper cladding layer, or a nickel alloy cladding layer, as long as the metal cladding layer 130 is bonded to the narrow strips 120 by welding or hot pressing to limit, compress and protect the internal narrow strips 120.

[0045] Among them, reference Figure 3 As shown, the circular core superconducting cable 200 includes a flexible core rod 210 and multiple superconducting tapes 220, which are spirally wound on the flexible core rod 210.

[0046] Specifically, the round-core superconducting cable 200 is a circular cross-section superconducting conductor composed of a flexible core rod 210 and multiple superconducting strips 220, with the multiple superconducting strips 220 spirally wound around the outer periphery of the flexible core rod 210. It is used to provide flexible winding capability and a stable transport channel in transformer windings. By spirally winding the multiple superconducting strips 220 around the flexible core rod 210, the round-core superconducting cable 200 forms an approximately circular or approximately cylindrical shape, thereby improving the adaptability of the winding in curved winding, end lead transition, and installation positioning processes.

[0047] Furthermore, the flexible mandrel 210 can be a polymer mandrel, a metal wire mandrel, or a composite reinforced mandrel, and the flexible mandrel 210 has a certain degree of flexibility.

[0048] Furthermore, the superconducting tape 220 can be a high-temperature superconducting tape 220, a composite superconducting tape 220, or a superconducting tape 220 with a stabilizing layer on its surface.

[0049] In addition, a flexible binding layer, an insulation layer, or a protective covering layer can be provided on the outside of the round core superconducting cable 200 to enhance the structural integrity of the round core superconducting cable 200.

[0050] The rectangular magnetic core 300 is a magnetically conductive component with a rectangular cross-section. It is used to form the main magnetic circuit of the superconducting transformer and to provide a common magnetic flux coupling platform for the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200, thereby realizing voltage transformation and energy transfer between windings.

[0051] Specifically, the rectangular magnetic core 300 serves as the core of the magnetic circuit, enabling the establishment of a closed magnetic flux path under alternating current and completing the electromagnetic coupling between the primary and secondary windings through changes in magnetic flux. Furthermore, the rectangular magnetic core 300 is located at the center of the transformer, with two types of superconducting cables symmetrically arranged on its outer side, resulting in a more balanced magnetic field distribution and reducing additional losses and uneven stress caused by local magnetic flux concentration.

[0052] Furthermore, the rectangular magnetic core 300 can be made of laminated silicon steel core, iron-based alloy core, or other low-loss magnetic materials.

[0053] Furthermore, the rectangular magnetic core 300 can be structurally assembled into a segmented magnetic structure, a composite soft magnetic material core structure, or a multi-layered core structure with an insulating coating on the surface. Additionally, the rectangular corners of the rectangular magnetic core 300 can be chamfered or rounded to reduce local stress concentration and facilitate the forming and winding of the conductor 110.

[0054] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment, during operation, when an external power source applies alternating current to the two types of superconducting windings, the multiple narrow strips 120 in the stacked cable 100 remain stably stacked under the constraint of the metal sheath 130, thereby forming a planar current-carrying path suitable for large current transmission; the multiple superconducting strips 220 in the circular core superconducting cable 200 are spirally arranged along the flexible core rod 210, so that the circular core superconducting cable 200 obtains a continuous transmission channel while maintaining flexibility. Since both the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200 are wound around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core 300 and are symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core 300, when the magnetic circuit is established, the windings on both sides can couple the magnetic flux in a relatively balanced manner, so that a more uniform main magnetic circuit is formed in the rectangular magnetic core 300, avoiding uneven electromagnetic force caused by unilateral magnetic flux bias.

[0055] The stacked cable 100 carries the current input or output of the low-voltage, high-current side through a flat stacked structure, which can provide a high effective current-carrying cross section in a limited space, and suppresses relative displacement and vibration loosening between narrow bands 120 with the help of the metal cladding layer 130; the round core superconducting cable 200 adapts to the winding end transition and the relatively complex winding path of the high-voltage side, which helps to reduce winding stress and improve assembly consistency. Therefore, it can be seen that the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200 are not simply superimposed with the same topology, but are constructed differently according to the electrical tasks undertaken by different windings. This allows the low-voltage side to obtain better current carrying capacity and mechanical stability, suppress the circulating current and uneven current between the strips 111, and distribute the current evenly to each strip 111, thereby improving the utilization rate of the conductor 110. The high-voltage side can obtain better flexible arrangement and structural adaptability, converting the vertical field component that dominates the loss of the strip 111 into a parallel field component, reducing magnetization loss. At the same time, the rectangular magnetic core 300 forms a unified magnetic circuit to complete voltage transformation, realizing the adaptation of the current transmission path and the electromagnetic environment. This breaks through the physical limitations of traditional linear superposition, increases the single-unit capacity of the transformer, and reduces operating losses.

[0056] In one possible implementation, based on the foregoing embodiments, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, conductor 110 includes a metal protective layer 112 and multiple strips 111, with the metal protective layer 112 wrapping around the outer periphery of the multiple strips 111.

[0057] Among them, conductor 110 is a conductive substrate structure used to carry strip 111 and form a current transmission path, providing stacking support, shape definition and electromagnetic stability basis for multiple strips 111.

[0058] Specifically, conductor 110 includes a metal protective layer 112 and multiple strips 111. The metal protective layer 112 wraps around the outer periphery of the multiple strips 111, thereby structurally constraining the strips 111 and improving resistance to mechanical damage and environmental protection during operation. Furthermore, conductor 110 is located inside the stacked cable 100, serving as the main support for the narrow strip 120 stack and the metal sheath 130. The multiple strips 111 can be laid flat or stacked along the wide surface 113 of conductor 110. The metal sheath 130 is located on the outermost layer and is tightly fitted to the strips 111 to suppress displacement and loosening of the strips 111.

[0059] In addition, the conductor 110 covers and limits the strip 111, enabling the strip 111 to maintain a predetermined relative position during bending, cabling, and operation under stress. Furthermore, multiple strips 111 are centrally encapsulated and mechanically protected.

[0060] Furthermore, the metal protective layer 112 provides a shunt channel during local current distribution to improve current balance under transient conditions. Specifically, the metal protective layer 112 is typically disposed on the outer periphery of multiple strips 111, forming an integral structure through wrapping, clamping, lamination encapsulation, or extrusion molding, and together with the strips 111 inside the conductor 110, constitutes an integrated current-carrying unit.

[0061] Furthermore, the metal protective layer 112 can be a copper layer, a silver layer, an aluminum layer, a copper alloy layer, or a multilayer composite metal layer. Alternatively, the metal protective layer 112 can also be replaced by a covering layer, a clamping layer, or a laminated encapsulation layer.

[0062] Furthermore, the multiple strips 111 can be coated strips 111 or composite stabilizing layer strips 111; as long as they meet different mechanical strength and electrical conductivity requirements.

[0063] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment has multiple strips 111 arranged in a stacking order on the wide surface 113 of the conductor 110 and completely covered by the outer metal protective layer 112 when the system is started. The conductor 110 maintains a stable cross-sectional shape during the winding process, so that the superconducting strip 220 is uniformly constrained when bending, pressing and forming, thereby reducing the relative slippage of the strip 111 and the edge warping.

[0064] When the transformer is energized, the current enters the parallel or near-parallel transmission path formed by the strips 111 along the length of the conductor 110. The metal protective layer 112 provides mechanical support for the strips 111 on the one hand, and participates in current redistribution under local magnetic field disturbances or transient overload conditions on the other hand, making the current distribution inside the conductor 110 more stable, reducing the additional losses caused by force concentration or contact state changes of a single strip 111, improving the overall utilization rate of the strips 111, enhancing the conductor 110's resistance to mechanical disturbances, and helping to reduce local uneven current and additional losses during operation, thereby improving the long-term stability and reliability of the superconducting transformer.

[0065] In one possible implementation, based on the foregoing embodiments, referring to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes an insulating Dewar 400, which is disposed on the outer periphery of the rectangular magnetic core 300.

[0066] Furthermore, the insulating Dewar 400 is a cryogenic insulation container used to enclose and contain the rectangular magnetic core 300 and its outer windings. Its main function is to provide a stable cryogenic working environment for the superconducting transformer and to suppress the intrusion of external heat through a combination of sealing, insulation and structural support, thereby maintaining the superconducting state of the superconducting tape 220 within the working temperature range.

[0067] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the insulating Dewar 400 is typically used to contain liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, or other cryogenic cooling media, and a thermal shrinkage compensation gap is reserved between the magnetic core and the winding to avoid additional stress caused by material shrinkage differences during the cooling process.

[0068] Specifically, the insulating Dewar 400 can be made with a box-type shell, a cylindrical shell, or an irregularly shaped enclosed shell that matches the rectangular outline, as long as mechanical strength and thermal insulation performance are both guaranteed.

[0069] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment, when put into operation, firstly encapsulates the rectangular magnetic core 300 and its outer superconducting windings within a cryogenic enclosed space using an insulating Dewar 400. After being filled with a cryogenic medium, a stable thermal isolation environment is formed. External ambient heat is significantly reduced by the shell and insulation layer of the insulating Dewar 400, thereby reducing the thermal load on the internal superconducting conductor 110. The insulating Dewar 400 surrounding the rectangular magnetic core 300 provides positional constraint and protection for the internal magnetic components and windings, reducing the impact of external vibrations, impacts, and changes in the operating environment on the relative position of the windings. This helps maintain the stability of the winding posture and electromagnetic gap of the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200.

[0070] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1As shown, the insulating Dewar 400 is provided with a high-voltage electrode lead 420 and a low-voltage electrode lead 430; the high-voltage electrode lead 420 is electrically connected to the circular core superconducting cable 200; and the low-voltage electrode lead 430 is electrically connected to the stacked cable 100.

[0071] Among them, the high-voltage electrode lead 420 and the low-voltage electrode lead 430 are both lead-out components used to realize the electrical connection between the external circuit and the internal winding of the transformer in a low-temperature environment. Their function is to reliably lead the current at the end of the superconducting winding outside the rectangular magnetic core 300 to the outside of the insulating Dewar 400, while maintaining the integrity of the low-temperature, vacuum or low-pressure thermal insulation environment inside the insulating Dewar 400.

[0072] Furthermore, the high-voltage electrode lead 420 is connected to the round-core superconducting cable 200 at the high-voltage side end to undertake the task of leading out relatively high voltage, small current or large potential difference; the low-voltage electrode lead 430 is connected to the stacked cable 100 at the low-voltage side end to undertake the task of conducting relatively low voltage and large current, so that different electrical conditions can complete energy output through the leads that are adapted to them.

[0073] Specifically, the high-voltage electrode lead 420 and the low-voltage electrode lead 430 can be made into rod-shaped leads, sheet-shaped leads, flexible braided leads or composite transition leads, respectively; in terms of materials, copper, silver-plated copper, copper-nickel alloy, superconducting transition metal conductor 110 or metal-clad composite conductor 110 can be used to adapt to the low temperature and electric field environment inside the insulating Dewar 400.

[0074] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment, when the system is started, the high-voltage side circular core superconducting cable 200 and the low-voltage side stacked cable 100 in the insulating Dewar 400 respectively establish corresponding electromagnetic coupling circuits on the outer periphery of the rectangular magnetic core 300. Electrical energy from external power supply or load enters the corresponding winding ends through the high-voltage electrode lead 420 and the low-voltage electrode lead 430 set on the insulating Dewar 400, and completes stable conduction in a low-temperature sealed environment.

[0075] Since the high-voltage electrode lead 420 is connected to the round-core superconducting cable 200, it undertakes the functions of potential transfer and end connection on the high-voltage side, enabling the high-voltage winding to achieve reliable feed while maintaining sufficient insulation. Since the low-voltage electrode lead 430 is connected to the stacked cable 100, it undertakes the task of large current output or input on the low-voltage side, and can maintain small additional losses through a large conductive cross-section and low contact resistance. Because the leads are fixedly installed through the sealed structure of the insulating Dewar 400, the connection position can remain stable under the action of thermal expansion and contraction, mechanical vibration and electromagnetic force, reducing the performance degradation caused by fretting wear, loose contact or local overheating, thereby enabling the transformer to obtain more reliable electrical connection stability on both the high-voltage and low-voltage sides.

[0076] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a transformer base 600, and an insulating Dewar 400 fixed on the transformer base 600.

[0077] The transformer base 600 is a basic support structure used to support and fix the insulating Dewar 400 and related components. It provides an overall installation benchmark, force support, and connection interface between the superconducting transformer and the ground, platform, or transport tooling, so as to maintain the stability of the whole machine during assembly, transportation and operation.

[0078] The superconducting transformer provided in this embodiment has an insulating Dewar 400 fixed to the transformer base 600. The cryogenic cavity, magnetic core, and the stacked cable 100 and round-core superconducting cable 200 wound around the insulating Dewar 400 maintain a stable spatial position under the rigid support provided by the base. When the system starts up and enters the cooling and load-bearing operation state, the base first evenly distributes the weight of the entire unit, and then transfers the loads caused by temperature contraction, electromagnetic vibration, and external impacts to the foundation or platform through the installation interface, thereby reducing the additional stress on the insulating Dewar 400 shell and internal connectors. This helps maintain the electrical connection stability between the high-voltage electrode lead 420 and the round-core superconducting cable 200, and between the low-voltage electrode lead 430 and the stacked cable 100, reducing lead bending, loose contact, or insulation gap changes caused by displacement.

[0079] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a coil support frame 500, which is mounted on the transformer base 600 and supports the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200.

[0080] The coil support frame 500 is a structural component used to support and limit the superconducting winding. It forms a stable support for the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200 on the transformer base 600, thereby maintaining the relative position of the two types of windings outside the rectangular magnetic core 300 and suppressing displacement during operation.

[0081] The superconducting transformer provided in this embodiment provides a stable mounting reference for the coil support frame 500 when the system is started. After the coil support frame 500 is positioned on the transformer base 600, it forms a support and limiting relationship for the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200 wound on the outside of the rectangular magnetic core 300, so that the two types of windings always maintain a predetermined spatial position during cooling, energization and load changes. As the device enters the operating state, the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200 will generate radial and axial electrodynamic forces under the action of alternating magnetic field. The coil support frame 500 supports and constrains the windings, and evenly transfers part of the load to the transformer base 600, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration and relative movement caused by vibration. At the same time, since an appropriate assembly gap and insulation buffer layer can be maintained between the coil support frame 500 and the windings, it will not significantly interfere with the thermal contraction and low temperature cooling cycle of the windings while suppressing displacement.

[0082] In one possible implementation, refer to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a support wheel assembly 700, which is mounted on the transformer base 600.

[0083] Among them, the support wheel assembly 700 is a movable support component located below the transformer base 600. It is used to bear the base load during the manufacturing, warehousing, transportation and on-site placement of the superconducting transformer, and to provide rolling support, guiding movement and necessary buffer protection.

[0084] Furthermore, the support wheel set 700 can be arranged at the four corners, the middle of the four sides, or symmetrically distributed along the center of gravity of the base to ensure the stability and force balance of the whole machine during the pushing process and avoid tilting or swaying due to the shift of the center of gravity.

[0085] Specifically, the support wheel assembly 700 can be configured as a single wheel, a double wheel, or a swivel wheel, as long as the support area and load capacity of the support wheel assembly 700 on the transformer base 600 meet the transportation requirements.

[0086] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment is typically in a stationary state after handling, repositioning, or installation when the system is started. The support wheel assembly 700 first bears the static load of the transformer base 600 and its upper structure, enabling the entire unit to move smoothly or have its position finely adjusted on the ground. Furthermore, the support wheel assembly 700 can provide rolling guidance during the movement phase and reliable support during the stationary phase. Therefore, it can effectively reduce the overall handling resistance of the superconducting transformer, reduce mechanical impact and local stress concentration during the installation process, and thus help protect the assembly accuracy and structural integrity of the insulating Dewar 400, winding conductors, and rectangular magnetic core 300, while improving the overall transfer efficiency and on-site installation convenience.

[0087] In one possible implementation, based on the foregoing embodiments, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the top of the insulating Dewar 400 is provided with a drain pipe 410, which is connected to the inner cavity of the insulating Dewar 400.

[0088] The drain pipe 410 is a connecting pipe used to discharge the liquid medium inside the insulating Dewar 400 to the outside, providing a discharge channel for the cooling medium, condensate or maintenance residue inside the insulating Dewar 400, thereby facilitating the maintenance, medium replacement and operation status management of the cryogenic system of the superconducting transformer.

[0089] Furthermore, the drain pipe 410 is arranged at the top of the insulating Dewar 400 and forms a fluid communication relationship with the inner cavity of the insulating Dewar 400, so that the liquid inside the insulating Dewar 400 can be discharged outward along the pipe after the drain is opened.

[0090] In addition, the drain pipe 410 can be a straight pipe to reduce flow resistance and facilitate pipeline layout; it can also be a bent pipe to accommodate the installation space of the equipment around the top of the insulating Dewar 400 and avoid other pipelines; or it can be a pipe with a valve to achieve opening and closing control and backflow prevention through the valve body. The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment has a closed system when the system is started. The cryogenic medium inside the insulating Dewar 400 is sealed. The drain pipe 410 is connected to the liquid inside the insulating Dewar 400 and is kept closed during normal operation in conjunction with the valve, so as not to affect the heat preservation and insulation performance of the insulating Dewar 400. When it is necessary to change the liquid, repair or shut down for maintenance, the valve on the outside of the drain pipe 410 is opened or a pumping device is connected. The liquid inside the insulating Dewar 400 enters the drain pipe 410 under the action of internal pressure difference, liquid level difference or external suction and is discharged along the pipeline, and then enters the recovery container or discharge system through the external hose. This helps to reduce the residual liquid retention inside the insulating Dewar 400 and facilitates the replacement of the medium inside the insulating Dewar 400.

[0091] In one possible implementation, based on the foregoing embodiments, referring to Figure 1 As shown, it also includes an elastic buffer layer 800, which is disposed between the stacked cable 100 and the round core superconducting cable 200.

[0092] The elastic buffer layer 800 is an elastic dielectric layer or buffer isolation layer disposed between the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200, serving as a buffer, isolation, and conformal support. When the two types of winding conductors are arranged adjacent to each other, they absorb relative displacement caused by external vibration, operational shock, and thermal cycling, and homogenize the contact pressure between the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200, thereby reducing the risk of local stress concentration, frictional wear, and extrusion deformation caused by inconsistent thermal expansion and contraction.

[0093] Furthermore, an elastic buffer layer 800 is disposed between the stacked cable 100 and the round-core superconducting cable 200. Specifically, the elastic buffer layer 800 can be a sheet-like buffer pad, a strip-like buffer strip, or a foam filling layer; thereby ensuring stable contact while retaining sufficient rebound margin.

[0094] The superconducting transformer provided in this application embodiment, when the system is started and enters the working state, the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200 form a relatively symmetrical winding arrangement on the outside of the rectangular magnetic core 300. The elastic buffer layer 800 disposed between the stacked cable 100 and the circular core superconducting cable 200 can fill the contact gap during the assembly process, so that the contact between the conductors 110 changes from a rigid hard contact to a flexible contact with compressible margin. Furthermore, when the equipment is running, the elastic buffer layer 800 is compressed and rebounded with vibration and thermal cycling, which can continuously absorb relative displacement and weaken the transmission of impact load to the conductor 110 body, so that the multilayer narrow strip 120 in the stacked cable 100 and the spiral superconducting strip 220 on the circular core superconducting cable 200 can maintain a relatively stable stress state.

[0095] A method for fabricating a stacked cable 100, used to fabricate the stacked cable 100 in the superconducting transformer provided above, includes the following steps:

[0096] A conductor 110 is obtained, which includes a metal protective layer 112 and multiple superconducting tapes 220. The metal protective layer 112 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the multiple superconducting tapes 220.

[0097] Multiple narrow strips 120 are stacked on the wide side 113 of conductor 110;

[0098] An outer metal layer 131 and an inner metal layer 132 are coated on the outside of multiple narrow strips 120, and the outer metal layer 131 and the inner metal layer 132 are bonded together by welding or hot pressing to form a metal encapsulation layer 130.

[0099] Specifically, by pre-obtaining a conductor 110 with a metal protective layer 112, a basic constraint and protection is first formed for multiple superconducting tapes 220, ensuring that the conductor 110 maintains good integrity during subsequent stacking. Then, by stacking multiple narrow tapes 120 on the wide surface 113 of the conductor 110, the current-carrying cross-section can be expanded along the direction of the wide surface 113, and the shape of the conductor 110 can be optimized, making the stacked cable 100 more suitable for winding arrangement. Furthermore, an outer metal layer 131 and an inner metal layer 132 are set on the outside of the multiple narrow tapes 120, and the two are bonded together by welding or hot pressing to form a metal cladding layer 130. This enhances the connection strength and structural compactness between the layers, thereby improving the mechanical stability, vibration resistance, and operational reliability of the stacked cable 100. In addition, the metal cladding layer 130 can provide continuous compression and protection for the inner narrow tapes 120, which is beneficial for stable current transmission and loss control.

[0100] In the above detailed description, reference has been made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific aspects of this disclosure by way of illustration. In this regard, terms indicating direction or positional relationship, such as “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential,” are used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. Since components of the described device can be positioned in multiple different orientations, directional terms are used for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. It should be understood that other aspects can be utilized and structural or logical changes can be made without departing from the concept of this disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be considered limiting.

[0101] It should be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "joining," "attaching," "installing," "connecting," "linking," "fixing," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms herein based on the specific circumstances.

[0102] Furthermore, the term "above" as used herein with respect to components, elements, or material layers formed or located "above" a surface may be used to indicate that the component, element, or material layer is "indirectly" positioned (e.g., placed, formed, deposited, etc.) on the surface such that one or more additional components, elements, or layers are arranged between the surface and the component, element, or material layer. However, the term "above" as used with respect to components, elements, or material layers formed or located "above" a surface may also optionally have a specific meaning: that the component, element, or material layer is "directly" positioned (e.g., placed, formed, deposited, etc.) on the surface, for example, in direct contact with the surface.

[0103] Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe various components, parts, regions, layers, or sections, these components, parts, regions, layers, or sections are not limited to these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one component, part, region, layer, or section from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, the first component, part, region, layer, or section mentioned in the examples may also be referred to as the second component, part, region, layer, or section. Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description herein, “a plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A superconducting transformer, characterized by, include: A stacked cable (100) includes a metal sheath (130), a conductor (110), and multiple narrow strips (120), the conductor (110) having a wide face (113), the multiple narrow strips (120) being stacked on the wide face (113) of the conductor (110), and the metal sheath (130) wrapping around the periphery of the multiple narrow strips (120); The circular core superconducting cable (200) includes a flexible core rod (210) and multiple superconducting tapes (220), with the multiple superconducting tapes (220) spirally wound on the flexible core rod (210); A rectangular magnetic core (300) is formed, and the stacked cable (100) and the circular core superconducting cable (200) are both wound around the outside of the rectangular magnetic core (300), and the stacked cable (100) and the circular core superconducting cable (200) are symmetrically distributed about the center of the rectangular magnetic core (300).

2. The superconducting transformer of claim 1, wherein, The conductor (110) includes a metal protective layer (112) and multiple strips (111), the metal protective layer (112) being wrapped around the periphery of the multiple strips (111).

3. The superconducting transformer of claim 1, wherein, It also includes an insulating Dewar (400) disposed on the outer periphery of the rectangular magnetic core (300).

4. The superconducting transformer of claim 3, wherein, The insulating Dewar (400) is provided with a high-voltage electrode lead (420) and a low-voltage electrode lead (430). The high-voltage electrode lead (420) is electrically connected to the circular core superconducting cable (200); The low-voltage electrode lead (430) is electrically connected to the stacked cable (100).

5. The superconducting transformer of claim 3, wherein, It also includes a transformer base (600), on which the insulating Dewar (400) is fixed.

6. The superconducting transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a coil support frame (500), which is mounted on the transformer base (600) and supports the stacked cable (100) and the round core superconducting cable (200).

7. The superconducting transformer according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a support wheel assembly (700) which is mounted on the transformer base (600).

8. The superconducting transformer according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, The insulating Dewar (400) is provided with a drain pipe (410) at the top, and the drain pipe (410) is connected to the inner cavity of the insulating Dewar (400).

9. The superconducting transformer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It also includes an elastic buffer layer (800) disposed between the stacked cable (100) and the circular core superconducting cable (200).

10. A method for preparing a stacked cable (100), characterized in that, The method for preparing the stacked cable (100) in the superconducting transformer according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: Obtain a conductor (110), the conductor (110) comprising a metal protective layer (112) and multiple strips (111), the metal protective layer (112) being wrapped around the periphery of the multiple strips (111); Multiple narrow strips (120) are stacked on the wide side (113) of the conductor (110); An outer metal layer (131) and an inner metal layer (132) are coated on the outside of the multiple narrow strips (120), and the outer metal layer (131) and the inner metal layer (132) are bonded together by welding or hot pressing to form a metal encapsulation layer (130).

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