A vehicle-mounted aluminum-based in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of battery power technology, and more particularly to an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system. The system includes a sealed aluminum-based raw material storage tank, characterized in that the outlet of the sealed aluminum-based raw material storage tank is connected to the inlet of a solid metering feeder. This on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system, through the coordinated arrangement of sealed aluminum-based raw material storage and supply, quantitative addition of reaction promoter, metered water supply, in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization, water recovery, and heat exchange and temperature control, reduces moisture oxidation due to the sealed storage of aluminum-based raw materials. Combined with the solid metering feeder, water metering pump, and promoter metering pump, precise proportions of raw materials, water, and promoter are achieved, improving hydrolysis reaction efficiency and reducing hydrogen production fluctuations. Hydrogen-containing gas, after separation, demisting, and drying purification, is supplied to the fuel cell at a stable pressure, improving hydrogen supply stability. Simultaneously, the system recovers water produced by the fuel cell and reaction heat, enhancing continuous operation capability and energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery power technology, and in particular to an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles and distributed clean energy technologies, hydrogen fuel cells are increasingly being applied to vehicle power systems and on-board energy supply due to their advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, clean emissions, and long driving range. Hydrogen, as a crucial fuel for fuel cells, is supplied in a way that directly impacts vehicle operational safety, operating costs, and driving range stability. Compared to high-pressure hydrogen storage and liquid hydrogen storage, on-site hydrogen production via water hydrolysis using aluminum-based materials can reduce the safety hazards associated with high-pressure hydrogen storage and allows for immediate hydrogen production and energy supply based on vehicle energy needs. However, existing on-site aluminum-based hydrolysis hydrogen production and fuel cell energy supply systems still have certain shortcomings. For example, an oxide film easily forms on the surface of the aluminum-based raw material, leading to water… The hydrolysis reaction is slow to start and the hydrogen production rate is unstable, making it difficult to match the dynamic hydrogen demand of fuel cells. During the reaction, problems such as heat concentration, water mist or alkaline mist entrained in the gas, and accumulation of by-product slurry are easily generated, affecting the purity of hydrogen, the continuous operation capability of the system, and the service life of the fuel cell. At the same time, the existing system does not have precise metering control of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoters, and it is difficult to stably control the hydrogen production pressure and the fuel cell inlet pressure, which can easily cause fluctuations in hydrogen supply, low energy utilization, and insufficient safety under vehicle driving conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system that can achieve quantitative supply of aluminum-based raw materials, stable control of the hydrolysis reaction, hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization, water recovery, and heat co-management. Thus, an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system is needed.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, a search revealed a patent with publication number CN120319840A that discloses a vehicle-mounted self-propelled hydrogen production system. The patent describes a system comprising "a chemical storage tank, a pure water storage tank, a hydrogen production device, a cooling device, an induced draft fan, a drying section, a purification device, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and a hydrogen fuel cell; the chemical storage tank and the pure water storage tank are both connected to the hydrogen production device; the hydrogen production device is connected to both the cooling device and the induced draft fan; the cooling device is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell; the induced draft fan is connected to the drying section; the drying section is connected to the purification device; the purification device is connected to both the compressor and the hydrogen fuel cell; the compressor is connected to the hydrogen storage tank; and the hydrogen storage tank..." The scheme, which connects a tank to a hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell to a pure water storage tank, has a broad limitation on the hydrogen production raw materials. It does not specifically address issues such as the aluminum oxide film hindering the reaction, fluctuations in the hydrogen production rate, accumulation of by-product slurry, precise metering of the reaction promoter, and low-pressure buffering and stabilizing hydrogen supply in the hydrolysis of aluminum-based materials. Furthermore, it still includes a compressor and a hydrogen storage tank, resulting in insufficient system safety and control precision. This application achieves a more stable, safe, and continuous on-board aluminum-based in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply by sealing and supplying aluminum-based raw materials, metering the addition of the reaction promoter, controlling the in-situ hydrolysis reaction, gas-liquid separation and purification, low-pressure buffering and stabilizing, water recovery, and heat exchange and temperature control.

[0004] In light of this, in-depth research into the aforementioned issues led to the creation of this case. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system to address the shortcomings of existing on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply systems mentioned in the background. For example, aluminum-based raw materials are prone to oxide film formation, leading to slow hydrolysis reaction start-up, unstable hydrogen production rate, and difficulty in matching the dynamic hydrogen demand of the fuel cell. During the reaction, problems such as heat concentration, water or alkali mist entrainment in the gas, and accumulation of by-product slurry easily occur, affecting hydrogen purity, system continuous operation capability, and fuel cell lifespan. Furthermore, existing systems lack precise metering control of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoters, making it difficult to stably control hydrogen production pressure and fuel cell inlet pressure, easily causing hydrogen supply fluctuations, low energy utilization, and insufficient safety under vehicle operating conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system that can achieve quantitative supply of aluminum-based raw materials, stable control of the hydrolysis reaction, hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization, water recovery, and coordinated heat management.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system, comprising a sealed aluminum-based raw material storage tank, characterized in that...

[0007] The outlet of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank is connected to the inlet of the solid metering feeder. A circulating water storage tank and a reaction promoting liquid storage tank are located on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank. The outlet of the solid metering feeder is connected to the solid feed inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor. The outlet of the circulating water storage tank is connected to the inlet of the water metering pump. The outlet of the water metering pump is connected to the inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor. The outlet of the reaction promoting liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the promoting liquid metering pump. The outlet of the promoting liquid metering pump is connected to the promoting liquid inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor. The bottom slag discharge port of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is connected to the by-product collection box through a by-product discharge valve. The top hydrogen outlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the inlet of the condenser demister. The outlet of the condenser demister is connected to the hydrogen... The air inlet of the drying and purifying unit is connected, and the air outlet of the hydrogen drying and purifying unit is connected to the air inlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank. The air outlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen pressure regulating valve group. An air supply unit is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank. The air supply unit is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack. The water production outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the water production recovery unit. The water production recovery unit is connected to the circulating water storage tank. A heat exchange and temperature control device is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank. The heat exchange and temperature control device is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor and the fuel cell stack for heat exchange. A vehicle energy controller is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank. The vehicle energy controller is electrically connected to the solid metering feeder, water metering pump, accelerator liquid metering pump, by-product discharge valve, low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank, hydrogen pressure regulating valve group, fuel cell stack, air supply unit, and heat exchange and temperature control device.

[0008] The reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is controlled at 45℃~95℃, the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.02MPa~0.45MPa, the working pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank is controlled at 0.05MPa~0.80MPa, and the hydrogen pressure output to the fuel cell stack by the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group is controlled at 10kPa~250kPa.

[0009] Preferably, the aluminum-based raw material stored in the sealed storage tank is one or more of the following: aluminum powder, aluminum particles, aluminum shavings, aluminum sheets, porous aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy particles, aluminum-silicon alloy particles, or aluminum-based composite materials that have undergone mechanical activation treatment. The particle size of the aluminum-based raw material is 0.05 mm to 8 mm, and the aluminum content is 70 wt% to 99.9 wt%. The relative humidity inside the sealed storage tank is controlled at 0.5%RH to 15%RH.

[0010] Preferably, the water stored in the circulating water storage tank is deionized water, condensate recovery water, fuel cell produced water, or a combination thereof. The water storage capacity of the circulating water storage tank is 2L to 120L, the water conductivity is 0.1μS / cm to 50μS / cm, and the water metering pump has a water supply flow rate of 5mL / min to 5000mL / min.

[0011] Preferably, the reaction promoting solution stored in the reaction promoting solution storage tank is an alkaline promoting solution, a salt promoting solution, a composite electrolyte promoting solution, or a combination thereof. The alkaline promoting solution includes one or more of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and sodium aluminate solution. The mass concentration of the reaction promoting solution is 0.5wt% to 20wt%, and the flow rate of the promoting solution metering pump is 1mL / min to 1000mL / min.

[0012] Preferably, the solid metering feeder is one of a screw feeder, a star-shaped unloader, a piston pusher, a vibrating feeder, or a pneumatic feeder. The feeding rate of the solid metering feeder is 1 g / min to 2000 g / min, and the feeding error is no greater than ±5%. The vehicle energy controller controls the supply ratio of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoter, so that the molar ratio of water to aluminum in the aluminum-based raw materials is 1.5:1 to 8:1.

[0013] Preferably, the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is an alkali-resistant sealed reactor, which is internally equipped with a stirring mechanism, an anti-splash structure, a temperature detection device, a pressure detection device, and a liquid level detection device. The stirring mechanism is used to ensure that the aluminum-based raw material, water, and reaction promoter are uniformly contacted in the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor to form a continuous hydrogen production reaction. The stirring mechanism rotates at a speed of 50 r / min to 1500 r / min. The inner surface of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is provided with an alkali-resistant anti-corrosion layer, which is one of a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, a ceramic coating, a nickel-based alloy layer, or an alumina ceramic layer. The thickness of the alkali-resistant anti-corrosion layer is 0.05 mm to 3 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator is one of a cyclone gas-liquid separator, a baffle gas-liquid separator, or a gravity settling gas-liquid separator. The condensation temperature of the condenser demister is 5℃~35℃, and the pore size of the demister filter element is 0.1μm~20μm. The hydrogen drying and purifying device includes an alkaline mist removal layer, a drying layer, and a precision filter layer. The hydrogen purity after treatment by the hydrogen drying and purifying device is not less than 99.5%, the hydrogen dew point is not higher than -20℃, and the particulate matter content is not higher than 1mg / m³.

[0015] Preferably, the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank has a volume of 0.5L to 60L and is equipped with a pressure sensor, a safety relief valve, and a flame arrestor. The opening pressure of the safety relief valve is 0.3MPa to 1.2MPa. The hydrogen pressure regulating valve group includes a primary pressure reducing valve, a secondary pressure regulating valve, a one-way valve, and an electromagnetic shut-off valve. The closing response time of the electromagnetic shut-off valve is 0.1s to 3s.

[0016] Preferably, the fuel cell stack is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a rated output power of 0.5kW to 200kW and an operating temperature of 40℃ to 90℃. The air supply unit is one of a fan, air compressor, or blower, and its excess air coefficient is controlled between 1.2 and 3.0. The water recovery unit includes a condensation chamber, a filter element, and a return water pump, and the recovery water flow rate of the water recovery unit is 10mL / min to 3000mL / min.

[0017] Preferably, the heat exchange and temperature control device is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor and the fuel cell stack for heat exchange. The heat exchange and temperature control device is used to recover the reaction heat generated by the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor and adjust the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack. The heat exchange medium in the heat exchange and temperature control device is one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, or heat transfer oil. The circulation flow rate of the heat exchange medium is 0.5 L / min to 80 L / min, and the temperature rise rate of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is not greater than 5 °C / min. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank is lower than 0.08 MPa, the vehicle energy controller increases the supply of the solid metering feeder, water metering pump, and accelerator liquid metering pump. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank is higher than 0.65 MPa, the vehicle energy controller reduces or stops the supply of the solid metering feeder.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. This vehicle-mounted aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system adopts a sealed storage and supply structure for aluminum-based raw materials, quantitative addition of reaction promoter, and metered water supply. It can achieve on-demand hydrogen production, stable hydrogen production, and safe hydrogen supply under vehicle conditions. The sealed aluminum-based raw material storage tank can seal and store aluminum powder, aluminum particles, aluminum-magnesium alloy particles, aluminum-silicon alloy particles, or mechanically activated aluminum-based composite materials. Humidity control reduces the problems of moisture absorption, oxidation, or premature failure of the aluminum-based raw materials. The solid metering feeder can quantitatively deliver the aluminum-based raw materials into the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor according to the vehicle's hydrogen demand. Combined with water metering pumps and reaction promoter metering pumps, water and reaction promoter are precisely delivered respectively. Maintaining a suitable ratio of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoters, the reaction promoters can break down or inhibit the oxide film on the surface of aluminum-based raw materials, improving the contact reaction efficiency between aluminum-based raw materials and water. This solves the problems of slow start-up, discontinuous reaction, and large fluctuations in hydrogen production rate in ordinary aluminum-based hydrolysis reactions. By linking the solid metering feeder, water metering pump, and promoter metering pump through the vehicle energy controller, the hydrogen production rate can be dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell stack and the pressure changes of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank. This avoids the problems of high dependence on high-pressure hydrogen storage, high storage and transportation safety risks, and unstable hydrogen supply response in traditional on-board hydrogen supply methods, thereby improving the safety, continuity, and energy matching capability of the on-board energy supply system.

[0020] 2. This vehicle-mounted aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system integrates gas-liquid separation, condensation and demisting, hydrogen drying and purification, low-pressure buffering and stabilization, water recovery, and heat exchange and temperature control structures. It can improve hydrogen quality, fuel cell operational stability, and overall vehicle energy efficiency. The hydrogen-containing gas generated by the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor is sequentially processed by a gas-liquid separator, a condenser and demister, and a hydrogen dryer and purifier. This effectively removes entrained droplets, alkaline mist, moisture, and particulate impurities from the gas, ensuring that the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack maintains high purity and low moisture content. This reduces contamination of the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly and gas path components, extending the lifespan of the fuel cell stack. The low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank and hydrogen pressure regulating valve assembly are designed to work together... The system can buffer fluctuations in hydrogen production and stably supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, preventing fluctuations in hydrogen pressure from affecting the fuel cell output power. Water produced by the fuel cell stack is recycled back to the circulating water storage tank via a water recovery unit, which can be used as water for subsequent aluminum-based hydrolysis reactions, improving the water resource recycling rate. The heat exchange and temperature control device is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor and the fuel cell stack for heat exchange. It can remove the heat generated by the aluminum-based hydrolysis reaction, preventing the reactor from overheating, and can also regulate the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack to keep it operating within a suitable temperature range. This achieves integrated and coordinated operation of hydrogen production, purification, hydrogen supply, power generation, water recycling, and temperature control, improving the overall system reliability, energy utilization rate, and vehicle operating condition adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Sealed storage tank for aluminum-based raw materials; 2. Circulating water storage tank; 3. Reaction promoter liquid storage tank; 4. Solid metering feeder; 5. Water metering pump; 6. Promoter liquid metering pump; 7. In-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor; 8. By-product discharge valve; 9. By-product collection box; 10. Gas-liquid separator; 11. Condenser demister; 12. Hydrogen dryer and purifier; 13. Low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank; 14. Hydrogen pressure regulating valve assembly; 15. Fuel cell stack; 16. Air supply unit; 17. Water recovery unit; 18. Heat exchanger and temperature control device; 19. Vehicle energy controller. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system, comprising an aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1, characterized in that...

[0025] The outlet of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the solid metering feeder 4. The outlet of the solid metering feeder 4 is connected to the solid feed inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7. The outlet of the circulating water storage tank 2 is connected to the inlet of the water metering pump 5. The outlet of the water metering pump 5 is connected to the inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7. The outlet of the reaction promoting liquid storage tank 3 is connected to the inlet of the promoting liquid metering pump 6. The outlet of the promoting liquid metering pump 6 is connected to the promoting liquid inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7. The bottom slag discharge port of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is connected to the by-product collection box 9 through the by-product discharge valve 8. The top hydrogen outlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 10. The outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to the inlet of the condenser demister 11. The outlet of the condenser demister 11 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 10. The inlet of the hydrogen dryer purifier 12 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen dryer purifier 12, which is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13. The outlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 15 through the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14. The air supply 16 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 15. The water production outlet of the fuel cell stack 15 is connected to the water production recovery device 17, and the water production recovery device 17 is connected to the circulating water storage tank 2. The heat exchange and temperature control device 18 is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 and the fuel cell stack 15 for heat exchange. The vehicle energy controller 19 is electrically connected to the solid metering feeder 4, the water metering pump 5, the accelerator liquid metering pump 6, the by-product discharge valve 8, the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13, the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14, the fuel cell stack 15, the air supply 16, and the heat exchange and temperature control device 18.

[0026] The reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is controlled at 45℃~95℃, and the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.02MPa~0.45MPa. The working pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is controlled at 0.05MPa~0.80MPa. The hydrogen pressure output by the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14 to the fuel cell stack 15 is controlled at 10kPa~250kPa. Through the coordinated arrangement of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1, the circulating water storage tank 2, the reaction promoting liquid storage tank 3, the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7, the hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization structure, the fuel cell stack 15, the water recovery device 17, the heat exchange and temperature control device 18, and the vehicle energy controller 19, an integrated on-board energy supply system is formed, which can realize the quantitative supply of aluminum-based raw materials, in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production, hydrogen purification and pressure stabilization, fuel cell power supply, water recovery, and heat regulation.

[0027] Furthermore, the aluminum-based raw material stored in the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is one or more of the following: aluminum powder, aluminum particles, aluminum shavings, aluminum sheets, porous aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy particles, aluminum-silicon alloy particles, or aluminum-based composite materials that have undergone mechanical activation treatment. The particle size of the aluminum-based raw material is 0.05mm to 8mm, and the aluminum content is 70wt% to 99.9wt%. The relative humidity inside the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is controlled at 0.5%RH to 15%RH. Through the sealed storage and humidity control settings of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1, the aluminum-based raw material is prevented from becoming damp and failing during storage, thereby improving the stability of raw material transportation and the efficiency of subsequent hydrolysis hydrogen production.

[0028] Furthermore, the water stored in the circulating water storage tank 2 is deionized water, condensate recovery water, fuel cell product water, or a combination thereof. The water storage capacity of the circulating water storage tank 2 is 2L to 120L, the water conductivity is 0.1μS / cm to 50μS / cm, and the water metering pump 5 has a water supply flow rate of 5mL / min to 5000mL / min. Through the coordinated arrangement of the circulating water storage tank 2 and the water metering pump 5, the stable storage, quantitative delivery, and recycling of water source are achieved, ensuring the continuous hydrolysis reaction in the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7.

[0029] Furthermore, the reaction promoting liquid stored in the reaction promoting liquid storage tank 3 is an alkaline promoting liquid, a salt promoting liquid, a composite electrolyte promoting liquid, or a combination thereof. The alkaline promoting liquid includes one or more of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and sodium aluminate solution. The mass concentration of the reaction promoting liquid is 0.5wt% to 20wt%. The liquid supply flow rate of the promoting liquid metering pump 6 is 1mL / min to 1000mL / min. Through the coordinated arrangement of the reaction promoting liquid storage tank 3 and the promoting liquid metering pump 6, the reaction promoting liquid can enter the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 as needed, breaking down or inhibiting the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum-based raw material and increasing the reaction rate between the aluminum-based raw material and water.

[0030] Furthermore, the solid metering feeder 4 is one of a screw feeder, a star-shaped unloader, a piston pusher, a vibrating feeder, or a pneumatic feeder. The feeding rate of the solid metering feeder 4 is 1g / min to 2000g / min, and the feeding error is no greater than ±5%. The vehicle energy controller 19 controls the supply ratio of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoting liquid, so that the molar ratio of water to aluminum in the aluminum-based raw materials is 1.5:1 to 8:1. Through the coordinated setting of the solid metering feeder 4, the water metering pump 5, the promoting liquid metering pump 6, and the vehicle energy controller 19, the ratio control of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoting liquid is realized, avoiding fluctuations in hydrogen production caused by excessive raw materials or insufficient liquid supply.

[0031] Furthermore, the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is an alkali-resistant sealed reactor, internally equipped with a stirring mechanism, an anti-splash structure, temperature detection devices, pressure detection devices, and liquid level detection devices. The stirring mechanism is used to ensure uniform contact between the aluminum-based raw material, water, and reaction promoter within the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7, forming a continuous hydrogen production reaction. The stirring mechanism operates at a speed of 50 r / min to 1500 r / min. The inner surface of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is provided with an alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer, which is one of a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, a ceramic coating, a nickel-based alloy layer, or an alumina ceramic layer. The thickness of the alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer is 0.05 mm to 3 mm. Through the comprehensive design of the internal stirring, anti-splash, detection, and alkali-resistant and corrosion-resistant structures of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7, the uniformity of reactant contact, the safety of the reaction process, and the corrosion resistance and service life of the reactor are improved.

[0032] Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator 10 is one of a cyclone gas-liquid separator, a baffle gas-liquid separator, or a gravity settling gas-liquid separator. The condensation temperature of the condenser demister 11 is 5℃~35℃, and the pore size of the demister filter element is 0.1μm~20μm. The hydrogen drying and purifying device 12 includes an alkaline mist removal layer, a drying layer, and a precision filter layer. The hydrogen purity after treatment by the hydrogen drying and purifying device 12 is not less than 99.5%, the hydrogen dew point is not higher than -20℃, and the particulate matter content is not higher than 1mg / m³. Through the continuous purification setup of the gas-liquid separator 10, the condenser demister 11, and the hydrogen drying and purifying device 12, droplets, alkaline mist, moisture, and particulate impurities in the hydrogen-containing gas are removed, thereby improving the purity and cleanliness of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 15.

[0033] Furthermore, the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 has a volume of 0.5L to 60L and is equipped with a pressure sensor, a safety relief valve, and a flame arrestor. The opening pressure of the safety relief valve is 0.3MPa to 1.2MPa. The hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14 includes a primary pressure reducing valve, a secondary pressure regulating valve, a one-way valve, and an electromagnetic shut-off valve. The closing response time of the electromagnetic shut-off valve is 0.1s to 3s. Through the coordinated arrangement of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 and the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14, low-pressure temporary storage, pressure buffering, stable output, and abnormal shut-off of hydrogen are achieved, thereby improving the stability of the hydrogen supply system and the safety of vehicle operation.

[0034] Furthermore, the fuel cell stack 15 is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a rated output power of 0.5kW to 200kW and an operating temperature of 40℃ to 90℃. The air supply unit 16 is one of a fan, air compressor, or blower, with an air excess coefficient controlled between 1.2 and 3.0. The water recovery unit 17 includes a condensation chamber, a filter element, and a return water pump. The water recovery flow rate of the water recovery unit 17 is 10mL / min to 3000mL / min. Through the coordinated arrangement of the fuel cell stack 15, the air supply unit 16, and the water recovery unit 17, hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the air to generate electricity, and the water generated by the reaction is recovered to the circulating water storage tank 2, realizing power generation and water resource recycling.

[0035] Furthermore, the heat exchange and temperature control device 18 is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 and the fuel cell stack 15 for heat exchange. The heat exchange and temperature control device 18 is used to recover the reaction heat generated by the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 and to regulate the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 15. The heat exchange medium in the heat exchange and temperature control device 18 is one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, or heat transfer oil. The circulation flow rate of the heat exchange medium is 0.5 L / min to 80 L / min, and the temperature rise rate of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is not greater than 5℃ / m. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is below 0.08 MPa, the vehicle energy controller 19 increases the supply of the solid metering feeder 4, the water metering pump 5, and the accelerator liquid metering pump 6. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is above 0.65 MPa, the vehicle energy controller 19 reduces or stops the supply of the solid metering feeder 4. Through the coordinated setting of the heat exchange temperature control device 18 and the vehicle energy controller 19, reaction heat recovery, fuel cell temperature regulation, and dynamic control of hydrogen production rate are realized to prevent reaction overheating or abnormal hydrogen supply pressure.

[0036] Example:

[0037] As a first preferred embodiment of the present invention: the aluminum-based raw material stored in the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is aluminum powder with a particle size of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm and an aluminum content of 99 wt%. The relative humidity inside the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is controlled below 5% RH. The circulating water storage tank 2 stores deionized water with a conductivity of 1 μS / cm to 10 μS / cm. The reaction promoter liquid storage tank 3 stores sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5 wt%. During operation, the feeding rate of the solid metering feeder 4 is controlled at 10 g / min to 80 g / min, the water supply flow rate of the water metering pump 5 is controlled at 50 mL / min to 500 mL / min, and the liquid supply flow rate of the promoter liquid metering pump 6 is controlled at 5 mL / min to 80 mL / min, so that the molar ratio of water to aluminum is maintained at 2.5:1 to 4:1. The reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is controlled at 55℃~70℃, the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.05MPa~0.18MPa, the working pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is controlled at 0.10MPa~0.35MPa, and the rated output power of the fuel cell stack 15 is 0.5kW~5kW, which is suitable for small vehicle auxiliary power supply, emergency power supply device or low-power vehicle equipment power supply.

[0038] As a second preferred embodiment of the present invention: the aluminum-based raw material stored in the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is aluminum-magnesium alloy particles with a particle size of 0.5 mm to 3 mm and an aluminum content of 85 wt% to 95 wt%. The relative humidity inside the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is controlled below 10% RH. The circulating water storage tank 2 stores a mixture of fuel cell product water and deionized water, with a storage capacity of 20 L to 60 L. The reaction promoter liquid storage tank 3 stores potassium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 6 wt% to 12 wt%. During operation, the feeding rate of the solid metering feeder 4 is controlled at 100 g / min to 600 g / min, the water supply flow rate of the water metering pump 5 is controlled at 300 mL / min to 2000 mL / min, and the liquid supply flow rate of the promoter liquid metering pump 6 is controlled at 30 mL / min to 300 mL / min, so that the molar ratio of water to aluminum is maintained at 3:1 to 6:1. The stirring mechanism of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is controlled at a speed of 300 r / min to 900 r / min, the reaction temperature is controlled at 65℃ to 85℃, and the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.10 MPa to 0.30 MPa. The hydrogen purity after treatment by the hydrogen dryer and purifier 12 is not less than 99.5%, and the hydrogen dew point is not higher than -20℃. The rated output power of the fuel cell stack 15 is 10kW to 50kW, suitable for logistics vehicles, engineering vehicles, or mobile power supply vehicles.

[0039] As a third preferred embodiment of the present invention: the aluminum-based raw material stored in the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank 1 is an aluminum-based composite material that has undergone mechanical activation treatment. The aluminum-based composite material has a particle size of 0.2 mm to 2 mm, an aluminum content of 90 wt% to 99 wt%, and contains a small amount of alloying components that can promote the hydrolysis reaction. The reaction promoting liquid storage tank 3 stores a composite electrolyte promoting liquid, which is a compound of sodium aluminate solution and sodium hydroxide solution, with a mass concentration of 8 wt% to 18 wt%. During operation, the feeding rate of the solid metering feeder 4 is controlled at 500 g / min to 2000 g / min, the water supply flow rate of the water metering pump 5 is controlled at 1000 mL / min to 5000 mL / min, the liquid supply flow rate of the promoting liquid metering pump 6 is controlled at 100 mL / min to 1000 mL / min, the reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is controlled at 75°C to 95°C, and the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.20 MPa to 0.45 MPa. The low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 has a volume of 20L to 60L and an operating pressure controlled between 0.30MPa and 0.80MPa. The hydrogen pressure output from the hydrogen pressure regulating valve assembly 14 to the fuel cell stack 15 is controlled between 80kPa and 250kPa. The heat exchange temperature control device 18 uses ethylene glycol aqueous solution as the heat exchange medium, with a circulation flow rate controlled between 20L / min and 80L / min, ensuring that the temperature rise rate of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 does not exceed 5℃ / min. The rated output power of the fuel cell stack 15 is 50kW to 200kW, suitable for medium and large vehicles, special vehicles, or on-board energy systems requiring high-power continuous power supply.

[0040] Working Principle: Upon initial use, the vehicle energy controller 19 determines the target hydrogen production volume and target hydrogen supply pressure based on the real-time power requirements of the vehicle's drive system or onboard electrical equipment. Subsequently, it controls the solid metering feeder 4, water metering pump 5, and accelerator liquid metering pump 6 to start respectively. Aluminum-based raw materials in the sealed aluminum-based raw material storage tank 1 are quantitatively fed into the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 via the solid metering feeder 4. Water from the circulating water storage tank 2 is fed into the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 via the water metering pump 5. Reaction accelerator liquid from the reaction accelerator liquid storage tank 3 is fed into the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 via the accelerator liquid metering pump 6. The aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction accelerator liquid are uniformly mixed in the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7. The reaction accelerator liquid breaks down or inhibits the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum-based raw materials, allowing the aluminum-based raw materials to continuously undergo hydrolysis with water, generating hydrogen gas and an aluminum-containing byproduct slurry. During the hydrogen production process, the reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 is controlled at [temperature range missing]. The reaction temperature is maintained between 45℃ and 95℃, and the reaction pressure is controlled between 0.02MPa and 0.45MPa to ensure a high reaction rate for the aluminum-based hydrolysis reaction while avoiding overheating or abnormal pressure. The hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reaction is discharged from the hydrogen outlet at the top of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 and sequentially enters the gas-liquid separator 10, the condenser demister 11, and the hydrogen dryer purifier 12. The gas-liquid separator 10 is used to remove liquid droplets and some alkaline mist entrained in the hydrogen. The condenser demister 11 is used to reduce the moisture content of the hydrogen and intercept mist droplets. The hydrogen dryer purifier 12 is used to further remove moisture, alkaline mist, and particulate impurities, so that the hydrogen purity meets the requirements for use in the fuel cell stack 15. The purified hydrogen enters the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13. The low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 buffers the fluctuations in hydrogen production, so that the system can achieve stable hydrogen supply without high-pressure hydrogen storage. The working pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13 is controlled between 0.05MPa and 0.45MPa.The hydrogen pressure is initially 80 MPa, then stabilized by the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14 before entering the fuel cell stack 15. The hydrogen pressure output from the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group 14 to the fuel cell stack 15 is controlled between 10 kPa and 250 kPa. Simultaneously, the air supply unit 16 supplies air to the fuel cell stack 15. The hydrogen and oxygen in the air undergo an electrochemical reaction within the fuel cell stack 15, producing electricity and water. The generated electricity powers the vehicle drive system, power battery, or on-board electrical equipment. The water generated from the reaction in the fuel cell stack 15 is condensed and filtered by the water recovery unit 17 and then returned to the circulating water storage tank 2 for subsequent aluminum-based hydrolysis reactions, achieving water resource recycling. The byproducts formed at the bottom of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7, containing aluminum hydroxide, aluminate, or alumina hydrate, are... The slurry is discharged into the by-product collection box 9 through the by-product discharge valve 8 to prevent by-products from accumulating inside the reactor and affecting continuous hydrogen production. The heat exchange and temperature control device 18 is connected to both the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 and the fuel cell stack 15 for heat exchange. On one hand, it removes the heat released by the aluminum-based hydrolysis reaction, preventing the temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7 from rising too quickly; on the other hand, it regulates the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 15, keeping it within a suitable temperature range. The vehicle energy controller 19 dynamically adjusts the supply of aluminum-based raw materials, water, and reaction promoter liquid based on parameters such as the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank 13, the temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor 7, and the output power of the fuel cell stack 15, thereby achieving on-demand hydrogen production, low-pressure stable hydrogen supply, continuous power generation, and safe operation.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system, comprising an aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1), characterized in that: The outlet of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1) is connected to the inlet of the solid metering feeder (4). A circulating water storage tank (2) is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1), and a reaction promoting liquid storage tank (3) is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1). The outlet of the solid metering feeder (4) is connected to the solid inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7). The outlet of the circulating water storage tank (2) is connected to the inlet of the water metering pump (5). The outlet of the water metering pump (5) is connected to the inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7). The outlet of the reaction promoting liquid storage tank (3) is connected to the solid inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7). The liquid outlet is connected to the inlet of the promoting liquid metering pump (6), the outlet of the promoting liquid metering pump (6) is connected to the promoting liquid inlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7), the bottom slag discharge port of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) is connected to the by-product collection box (9) through the by-product discharge valve (8), the top hydrogen outlet of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (10), the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) is connected to the inlet of the condenser demister (11), the outlet of the condenser demister (11) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen drying and purifying device (12), and the hydrogen... The outlet of the gas dryer (12) is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13). The outlet of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (15) through a hydrogen pressure regulating valve group (14). An air supply device (16) is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1). The air supply device (16) is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack (15). The water production outlet of the fuel cell stack (15) is connected to the inlet of the water production recovery device (17). The outlet of the water production recovery device (17) is connected to the circulating water storage tank (2). A heat exchange and temperature control device (18) is provided on one side of the tank (1). The heat exchange and temperature control device (18) is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) and the fuel cell stack (15) for heat exchange. A vehicle energy controller (19) is provided on one side of the aluminum-based raw material sealed storage tank (1). The vehicle energy controller (19) is connected to the solid metering feeder (4), water metering pump (5), accelerator liquid metering pump (6), by-product discharge valve (8), low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13), hydrogen pressure regulating valve group (14), fuel cell stack (15), air supply unit (16) and heat exchange and temperature control device (18) respectively. The reaction temperature of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) is controlled at 45℃~95℃, the reaction pressure is controlled at 0.02MPa~0.45MPa, the working pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13) is controlled at 0.05MPa~0.80MPa, and the hydrogen pressure output by the hydrogen pressure regulating valve group (14) to the fuel cell stack (15) is controlled at 10kPa~250kPa.

2. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum-based raw material stored in the sealed storage tank (1) is one or more of the following: aluminum powder, aluminum particles, aluminum chips, aluminum sheets, porous aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy particles, aluminum-silicon alloy particles, or aluminum-based composite materials that have undergone mechanical activation treatment. The particle size of the aluminum-based raw material is 0.05mm to 8mm, and the aluminum content is 70wt% to 99.9wt%. The relative humidity inside the sealed storage tank (1) is controlled at 0.5%RH to 15%RH.

3. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water stored in the circulating water tank (2) is deionized water, condensate recovery water, fuel cell produced water or a combination thereof. The water storage capacity of the circulating water tank (2) is 2L to 120L, the electrical conductivity of the water is 0.1μS / cm to 50μS / cm, and the water supply flow rate of the water metering pump (5) is 5mL / min to 5000mL / min.

4. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction promoting liquid stored in the reaction promoting liquid storage tank (3) is an alkaline promoting liquid, a salt promoting liquid, a composite electrolyte promoting liquid or a combination thereof. The alkaline promoting liquid includes one or more of sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and sodium aluminate solution. The mass concentration of the reaction promoting liquid is 0.5wt% to 20wt%. The liquid supply flow rate of the promoting liquid metering pump (6) is 1mL / min to 1000mL / min.

5. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid metering feeder (4) is one of a screw feeder, a star unloader, a piston pusher, a vibrating feeder or a pneumatic feeder. The feeding rate of the solid metering feeder (4) is 1g / min to 2000g / min, and the feeding error is no more than ±5%. The vehicle energy controller (19) controls the supply ratio of aluminum-based raw materials, water and reaction promoter, so that the molar ratio of water to aluminum in aluminum-based raw materials is 1.5:1 to 8:

1.

6. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) is an alkali-resistant sealed reactor. It is equipped with a stirring mechanism, an anti-splash structure, a temperature detection device, a pressure detection device, and a liquid level detection device. The stirring mechanism is used to make the aluminum-based raw material, water, and reaction promoter liquid come into uniform contact in the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) and form a continuous hydrogen production reaction. The stirring mechanism has a rotation speed of 50 r / min to 1500 r / min. The inner surface of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) is provided with an alkali-resistant anti-corrosion layer. The alkali-resistant anti-corrosion layer is one of a polytetrafluoroethylene layer, a ceramic coating, a nickel-based alloy layer, or an alumina ceramic layer. The thickness of the alkali-resistant anti-corrosion layer is 0.05 mm to 3 mm.

7. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas-liquid separator (10) is one of a cyclone gas-liquid separator, a baffle gas-liquid separator, or a gravity settling gas-liquid separator. The condensation temperature of the condenser demister (11) is 5℃~35℃, and the pore size of the demister filter element is 0.1μm~20μm. The hydrogen drying and purifying device (12) includes an alkaline mist removal layer, a drying layer, and a precision filter layer. The hydrogen purity after being treated by the hydrogen drying and purifying device (12) is not less than 99.5%, the hydrogen dew point is not higher than -20℃, and the particulate matter content is not higher than 1mg / m³.

8. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13) has a volume of 0.5L to 60L and is equipped with a pressure sensor, a safety relief valve and a flame arrestor. The opening pressure of the safety relief valve is 0.3MPa to 1.2MPa. The hydrogen pressure regulating valve group (14) includes a primary pressure reducing valve, a secondary pressure regulating valve, a one-way valve and an electromagnetic shut-off valve. The closing response time of the electromagnetic shut-off valve is 0.1s to 3s.

9. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack (15) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a rated output power of 0.5kW to 200kW and an operating temperature of 40℃ to 90℃. The air supply unit (16) is one of a fan, air compressor or blower, and its excess air coefficient is controlled at 1.2 to 3.

0. The water recovery unit (17) includes a condensation chamber, a filter element and a return water pump. The water recovery unit (17) has a recovery water flow rate of 10mL / min to 3000mL / min.

10. The on-board aluminum-based hydrolysis in-situ hydrogen production and fuel cell power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange temperature control device (18) is connected to the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) and the fuel cell stack (15) for heat exchange. The heat exchange temperature control device (18) is used to recover the reaction heat generated by the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) and adjust the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack (15). The heat exchange medium in the heat exchange temperature control device (18) is one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution or heat transfer oil. The circulation flow rate of the heat exchange medium is 0.5L / min to 80L. / min, and make the temperature rise rate of the in-situ hydrolysis hydrogen production reactor (7) no greater than 5℃ / min. When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13) is lower than 0.08MPa, the vehicle energy controller (19) increases the supply of the solid metering feeder (4), water metering pump (5) and promoter liquid metering pump (6). When the pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen buffer tank (13) is higher than 0.65MPa, the vehicle energy controller (19) reduces or stops the supply of the solid metering feeder (4).

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