Battery management system for an electrically driven three-wheeled or two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

This invention provides a battery management system for electric tricycles or two-wheelers, comprising: a main battery pack providing a stable high-voltage power supply to the motor controller; a secondary battery pack continuously and dynamically replenishing the main battery pack with power during operation; a DC-DC converter module electrically connected between the main and secondary battery packs, used to boost the output voltage of the secondary battery pack to the operating voltage of the main battery pack and supply power to it; and a vehicle controller that identifies the current operating condition of the vehicle and communicates with both the main and secondary battery packs via dual CAN buses, monitoring the battery information of both packs in real time. When the current operating condition is driving, the vehicle controller controls the secondary battery pack to charge individual cells in the main battery pack whose real-time voltage is lower than a preset value via the DC-DC converter module. This invention solves the industry pain points of short range and insufficient power in electric tricycles or two-wheelers, and offers stable performance and reliable safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle battery technology, and more specifically to a battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, electric tricycles and two-wheelers have become widely popular due to their economic efficiency, flexibility, and low operating costs. Currently, most electric tricycles and two-wheelers use a single low-voltage battery pack (48V / 60V / 72V) for power; however, this approach has revealed the following prominent problems in practical applications:

[0003] Short driving range: The conventional battery capacity is small, and the driving range on a single charge is less than 100km, which is difficult to meet the needs of medium and long distance transportation.

[0004] Severe voltage drop under high load conditions: When under heavy load, climbing hills or driving at high speed, the battery voltage drops rapidly, resulting in significant power loss;

[0005] Low energy efficiency: The battery discharge depth is large and the temperature rise is high, which shortens the cycle life and reduces the economic efficiency.

[0006] Lacks dynamic energy replenishment capability: It cannot replenish energy during driving, has limited functionality, and poor expandability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a battery management system for electric tricycles or two-wheeled vehicles.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the present invention provides a battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle, comprising:

[0009] The main battery pack provides a stable high-voltage power supply to the motor controller;

[0010] From the battery pack, it is used to continuously and dynamically replenish the main battery pack with electrical energy during driving;

[0011] The DC-DC conversion module is electrically connected between the main battery pack and the slave battery pack, and is used to boost the output voltage of the slave battery pack to the operating voltage of the main battery pack and deliver electrical energy to it.

[0012] The vehicle controller identifies the current operating condition of the vehicle and communicates with the main battery pack and the slave battery pack via dual CAN buses. It monitors the battery information of the main battery pack and the slave battery pack in real time, including the voltage of each individual cell in the main battery pack. When the current operating condition is driving, the vehicle controller controls the slave battery pack to charge the individual cells in the main battery pack whose real-time voltage is lower than the preset voltage value through the DC-DC conversion module.

[0013] This battery management system for electric tricycles or two-wheelers effectively solves industry pain points such as short range, insufficient power, and low energy utilization in electric tricycles or two-wheelers. It is stable, safe, reliable, and has broad application prospects, with significant economic, social, and environmental benefits. It can be widely promoted and applied in the field of low-speed electric vehicles.

[0014] Optionally, the main battery pack includes a main battery pack cell assembly composed of several individual cells connected in series, a main battery pack management module electrically connected to the main battery pack cell assembly, and a number of controllable switches equal to the number of individual cells.

[0015] The main battery pack management module is communicatively connected to the vehicle controller, and collects battery information of the main battery pack in real time and sends it to the vehicle controller.

[0016] The detection end of the voltage acquisition unit integrated in the main battery pack management module is electrically connected to each individual battery cell through a sampling line to acquire the voltage of each individual battery cell.

[0017] Each of the individual battery cells is equipped with a controllable switch on its charging line, and the controllable switch is connected to the main battery pack management module. When the voltage of an individual battery cell is lower than its preset voltage value, the main battery pack management module controls its corresponding controllable switch to close.

[0018] Optionally, the battery pack includes a battery pack cell assembly consisting of several large individual cells connected in series, a battery pack management module electrically connected to the battery pack cell assembly, and an individual cell voltage equalization unit.

[0019] The single-cell voltage equalization unit is located at the output end of the battery pack assembly. It reduces the voltage output from the battery pack assembly to equalize the single cells of the main battery pack.

[0020] Optionally, the DC-DC conversion module includes a filter capacitor, an energy storage inductor, an IGBT power transistor, a drive switch, a rectifier module, a voltage regulator module, and a controlled switch;

[0021] The positive terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and its negative terminal is grounded. One end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the collector (C) terminal of the IGBT power transistor. The emitter (E) terminal of the IGBT power transistor is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier module. The output terminal of the rectifier module is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator module. The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the charging terminal of the main battery pack. The controlled switch is connected to the vehicle controller and is electrically mounted on this connection line.

[0022] The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to a voltage conversion acquisition circuit, which is electrically connected to the vehicle controller and sends the real-time voltage after DC-DC conversion to the vehicle controller.

[0023] The gate (G) of the IGBT power transistor is connected to the vehicle controller. The drive switch is connected in the line between the emitter (E) of the IGBT power transistor V1 and the vehicle controller. The drive switch receives the control signal from the vehicle controller, adjusts the duty cycle of the drive switch, and changes the energy storage / release time of the energy storage inductor so that the voltage output by the DC-DC conversion module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack.

[0024] When the voltage output by the DC-DC conversion module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack, the vehicle controller controls the controlled switch to close.

[0025] Optionally, it also includes a first switch group, which is electrically connected to the line for energy transfer from the battery pack to the main battery pack. The control terminal of the first switch group is electrically connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the first switch group.

[0026] Optionally, it also includes a DC-AC conversion module, whose input is connected to the output of the battery pack, for converting the DC voltage output from the battery pack into AC voltage for use by external electrical equipment.

[0027] Optionally, the input terminal of the DC-AC conversion module is also connected to the output terminal of the main battery pack, for converting the DC voltage output by the main battery pack into AC voltage for use by external electrical equipment;

[0028] It also includes a second switch group, which is electrically connected to the line for energy transfer from the main battery pack to the DC-AC conversion module. The control terminal of the second switch group is electrically connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the second switch group.

[0029] Optionally, when the vehicle controller monitors that the SOC of the battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplemental termination line, the vehicle controller controls the first switch group to disconnect.

[0030] Optionally, when the vehicle controller detects that the SOC of the main battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplementary termination line, the vehicle controller controls the second switch group to disconnect.

[0031] Optionally, both the main battery pack and the slave battery pack are charged by an external power source, and the charging lines of the main battery pack and the slave battery pack are connected in parallel.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0033] This invention features long-range capability: by storing energy through dual battery packs and dynamically replenishing energy from the main battery pack to the main battery pack, the main battery pack primarily outputs the load, while the auxiliary battery packs expand capacity and extend range, thereby achieving a long driving range on a single charge and meeting the needs of long-distance logistics.

[0034] This invention features dynamic stability: the main battery pack provides continuous power, while the battery pack provides dynamic energy replenishment. There is no significant voltage drop during heavy-load hill climbing, and the power output is smooth.

[0035] This invention is safe and reliable: the dual battery pack has two levels of protection, is vibration resistant, high temperature resistant, short circuit resistant, and adaptable to complex road conditions.

[0036] This invention is economical and efficient: the battery pack can individually replenish and balance the undervoltage cells of the main battery pack, eliminate cell voltage difference loss, maximize the usable range of the main battery pack, have high energy utilization, long cell life, low maintenance cost, and good economic performance throughout the entire life cycle.

[0037] This invention is green and environmentally friendly: zero emissions, low noise, replacing fuel-powered tricycles, and contributing to the development of green transportation.

[0038] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main battery pack circuit principle;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack's circuit principle;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the boost circuit principle of a DC-DC module;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the connection of a manual switch. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0046] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection" and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle, comprising: a main battery pack, a slave battery pack, a DC-DC conversion module, and a vehicle controller.

[0048] Specifically, the main battery pack is used to provide a stable high-voltage power supply to the motor controller. In this embodiment, the main battery pack converts and boosts the voltage output by DC1 to provide power to the motor controller.

[0049] The battery pack is used to continuously and dynamically replenish the main battery pack with electrical energy during driving.

[0050] The DC-DC converter module is electrically connected between the main battery pack and the slave battery pack, and is used to boost the output voltage of the slave battery pack to the operating voltage of the main battery pack and deliver electrical energy to it.

[0051] The vehicle controller identifies the current operating condition of the vehicle, whether it is parked or in motion. In this embodiment, the vehicle controller can identify the current operating condition using existing technologies, such as electrically connecting the vehicle's ignition system to obtain the vehicle's ignition status, thereby identifying whether the vehicle is currently in a parked or in-motion state. The vehicle controller communicates with the main battery pack and the slave battery pack via dual CAN buses, respectively, to monitor the battery information of the main and slave battery packs in real time, including the voltage of each individual cell in the main battery pack. When the current operating condition is in a in-motion state, the vehicle controller controls the slave battery pack to charge the individual cells in the main battery pack whose real-time voltage is lower than a preset voltage value through a DC-DC conversion module.

[0052] In this embodiment, both the main battery pack and the slave battery pack are charged via an external power source, and their charging circuits are connected in parallel. That is, when the vehicle is parked, the main battery pack and the slave battery pack can be charged synchronously in parallel via a charger. The charging principle here uses existing technology and will not be described in detail further.

[0053] In this embodiment, the main battery pack includes a main battery pack cell assembly composed of several individual cells connected in series, a main battery pack management module electrically connected to the main battery pack cell assembly, and a number of controllable switches equal to the number of individual cells.

[0054] The main cell assembly has multiple cell connection nodes distributed along the series direction, a lowest potential terminal and a highest potential terminal.

[0055] The main battery pack management module includes: a main power switch unit connected in series in the main power circuit formed by the total positive and total negative terminals of the cell assembly; a voltage sampling unit having multiple sampling input terminals, each of which is electrically connected to the lowest potential terminal and a corresponding connection node between each individual cell to obtain the voltage of each individual cell; an equalization unit connected between at least some of the cell connection nodes for transferring or dissipating charge between individual cells; a temperature detection unit located at at least one temperature measuring point on the main battery pack cell assembly to collect the temperature of each individual cell; and a control unit electrically connected to the main power switch unit, voltage sampling unit, equalization unit, and temperature detection unit, configured to execute protection and equalization strategies based on the sampling signals and calculate the SOC of the main battery pack. Existing methods can be used for the calculations described here.

[0056] The main battery pack management module is connected to the vehicle controller and sends the battery information of the main battery pack collected in real time to the vehicle controller.

[0057] Each individual battery cell has a corresponding controllable switch installed on its charging line. These controllable switches are connected to the control unit of the main battery pack management module. When the voltage of an individual battery cell is lower than its preset voltage value, the main battery pack management module controls its corresponding controllable switch to close. Figure 2 As shown, the controllable switch in this embodiment is a relay (K1-K23). Existing technologies can be used to control the closing or opening of the controllable switch; for example, the main battery pack management module can output a high level to the control terminal of the controllable switch to close it, and output a low level to open it.

[0058] The battery pack includes a slave battery cell assembly consisting of several large individual battery cells connected in series, a slave battery pack management module electrically connected to the slave battery cell assembly, and an individual cell voltage balancing unit. The slave battery pack management module here adopts a structure similar to the main battery pack management module described above, collecting information such as voltage and temperature from the slave battery pack, balancing the slave battery cell assembly, and calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the slave battery pack. Figure 3 As shown, the individual cell voltage equalization unit is located at the output end of the battery cell assembly, and the voltage output from the battery cell assembly is reduced through the individual cell voltage equalization unit.

[0059] In this embodiment, both the main battery pack and the slave battery pack management modules can utilize existing BMS (Battery Management System). The main battery pack uses 23 52AH cells in series, while the slave battery pack uses four 314AH high-capacity lithium iron phosphate cells in series, with internal resistance consistency ≤5% and voltage consistency ≤0.02V to ensure stable bidirectional energy transfer. The single-cell voltage balancing unit preferably uses, but is not limited to, the PW2070 voltage chip, which converts the 12.8V output from the slave battery pack to 3.7V for balancing the single cells in the main battery pack.

[0060] The main battery pack management module collects the voltage of each of the 23 individual cells in the main battery pack. If the voltage of any one cell exceeds a preset value, the corresponding controllable switch will close. The battery pack will then reduce the output voltage through the individual cell voltage balancing unit, converting the current to 500 mA. This current is then used to charge the abnormally voltaged cell in the main battery pack with a small current through the DC-DC conversion module, achieving small-current balancing. This eliminates the need for overall energy balancing of the main battery pack, reducing energy loss and avoiding energy loss and lifespan degradation caused by differences in individual cell voltages within the main battery pack. In this embodiment, as... Figure 4 As shown, the DC-DC conversion module includes a filter capacitor C1, an energy storage inductor L, an IGBT power transistor V1, a drive switch S1, a rectifier module, a voltage regulator module, and a controlled switch V2.

[0061] The positive terminal of the filter capacitor C1 is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and its negative terminal is grounded, thus filtering the electrical signal output from the battery pack. The energy storage inductor L is composed of a first inductor L1 and a second inductor L2 connected in parallel. One end of the inductor L is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and the other end is connected to the collector (C) terminal of the IGBT power transistor V1. The emitter (E) terminal of the IGBT power transistor V1 is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier module, which converts the pulsed DC signal into a stable DC signal. The output terminal of the rectifier module is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator module. In this embodiment, the voltage regulator module is composed of a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a fourth capacitor C4 connected in parallel. The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the charging terminal of the main battery pack. The controlled switch V2 is connected to the vehicle controller and is electrically mounted on this connection line.

[0062] The output of the voltage regulator module is connected to a voltage conversion acquisition circuit, which is electrically connected to the vehicle controller and sends the real-time voltage after DC-DC conversion to the vehicle controller. The gate (G) of the IGBT power transistor V1 is connected to the vehicle controller, and the drive switch S1 is connected in the line between the emitter (E) of the IGBT power transistor V1 and the vehicle controller.

[0063] Based on the above circuit, in this embodiment, the voltage output from the battery pack is filtered by the filter capacitor C1 and then fed into the energy storage inductor, which is composed of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 connected in parallel. This inductor, along with the high-power IGBT power transistor V1, forms the boost converter circuit. The drive switch S1 receives control signals from the vehicle controller and adjusts the duty cycle (switching frequency) of the drive switch S1 for the IGBT power transistor V1, thereby changing the energy storage / release time of the energy storage inductor L. This achieves continuous controllability of the output voltage, ensuring that the voltage output by the DC-DC converter module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack. In this embodiment, the vehicle controller can output a PWM signal to adjust the duty cycle of the drive switch S1 in real time according to the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack. When the voltage output by the DC-DC converter module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack, the vehicle controller controls the controlled switch V2 to close. In this embodiment, the IGBT power transistor V1 is preferably, but not limited to, a power transistor of model FF200R17KE4P.

[0064] To better control the charging from the battery pack to the main battery pack, a first switch group is also installed in the energy transfer line from the battery pack to the main battery pack, such as... Figure 1 The third controllable switch V3 and the fourth controllable switch V4 are connected to the control signal output terminal of the first switch group, which is electrically connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the first switch group. That is, during driving, if the voltage of a single cell in the main battery pack is lower than the preset voltage value, the vehicle controller controls the closing of the first switch group to conduct the energy transfer path from the battery pack to the main battery pack.

[0065] When the vehicle controller detects that the SOC of the battery pack is lower than its corresponding replenishment termination line, the vehicle controller controls the first switch group to open. For example, when the SOC of the battery pack is ≤20%, the vehicle controller turns off the third controllable switch V3 and the fourth controllable switch V4 to stop replenishment and prevent over-discharge of the battery pack.

[0066] In an alternative embodiment, the battery pack can also supply power to external electrical devices. Therefore, the battery management system further includes a DC-AC conversion module. The input of this DC-AC conversion module is connected to the output of the battery pack, and it converts the DC voltage output from the battery pack into AC voltage for use by the external electrical devices.

[0067] In this optional scheme, the SOC of the slave battery pack is also monitored. When the SOC of the slave battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplementary termination line, the slave battery pack management module performs over-discharge protection.

[0068] Simultaneously, the input terminal of the DC-AC conversion module can also be connected to the output terminal of the main battery pack to convert the DC voltage output by the main battery pack into AC voltage for use by external electrical equipment. In this case, the battery management system also includes a second switch group, such as... Figure 1 The fifth controllable switch V5 and the fourth controllable switch V6 are connected in the circuit for energy transfer from the main battery pack to the DC-AC conversion module. The control terminal of the second switch group is connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller. The vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the second switch group.

[0069] The main battery pack supplies power to external devices only when the secondary battery pack also supplies power to the external devices. During the DC-AC conversion process, a manual switch K is included in the DC-AC conversion module for safety, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the manual switch K has two synchronously closed or open contacts. One contact is located on the trigger circuit of the DC-AC conversion module, and the other contact is located on the line between ground and a signal input terminal of the vehicle controller. When the user closes the manual switch K, the DC-AC conversion module is activated, thereby enabling power supply to external electrical equipment. When the manual switch K is closed, the vehicle controller receives the low-level signal after the manual switch K is closed and controls the second switch group to close, thus connecting the line for energy transfer from the main battery pack to the external electrical equipment.

[0070] In this embodiment, the DC-DC conversion module and the DC-AC conversion module are integrated into a single module DC2.

[0071] When the vehicle controller detects that the SOC of the main battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplemental termination line, the vehicle controller controls the second switch group to open. For example, when the SOC of the main battery pack is lower than 40%, the vehicle controller controls the second switch group to open, and the main pack stops supplying power to the outside, in order to balance range and safety.

[0072] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0073] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle, characterized in that, include: The main battery pack provides a stable high-voltage power supply to the motor controller; From the battery pack, it is used to continuously and dynamically replenish the main battery pack with electrical energy during driving; The DC-DC conversion module is electrically connected between the main battery pack and the slave battery pack, and is used to boost the output voltage of the slave battery pack to the operating voltage of the main battery pack and deliver electrical energy to it. The vehicle controller identifies the current operating condition of the vehicle and communicates with the main battery pack and the slave battery pack via dual CAN buses. It monitors the battery information of the main battery pack and the slave battery pack in real time, including the voltage of each individual cell in the main battery pack. When the current operating condition is driving, the vehicle controller controls the slave battery pack to charge the individual cells in the main battery pack whose real-time voltage is lower than the preset voltage value through the DC-DC conversion module.

2. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main battery pack includes a main battery pack cell assembly composed of several individual cells connected in series, a main battery pack management module electrically connected to the main battery pack cell assembly, and a number of controllable switches equal to the number of individual cells. The main battery pack management module is communicatively connected to the vehicle controller, and collects battery information of the main battery pack in real time and sends it to the vehicle controller. The detection end of the voltage acquisition unit integrated in the main battery pack management module is electrically connected to each individual battery cell through a sampling line to acquire the voltage of each individual battery cell. Each of the individual battery cells is equipped with a controllable switch on its charging line, and the controllable switch is connected to the main battery pack management module. When the voltage of an individual battery cell is lower than its preset voltage value, the main battery pack management module controls its corresponding controllable switch to close.

3. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes a battery pack cell assembly consisting of several large individual cells connected in series, a battery pack management module electrically connected to the battery pack cell assembly, and an individual cell voltage equalization unit. The single-cell voltage equalization unit is located at the output end of the battery pack assembly. It reduces the voltage output from the battery pack assembly to equalize the single cells of the main battery pack.

4. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC-DC conversion module includes a filter capacitor, an energy storage inductor, an IGBT power transistor, a drive switch, a rectifier module, a voltage regulator module, and a controlled switch; The positive terminal of the filter capacitor is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and its negative terminal is grounded. One end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the voltage signal output terminal of the battery pack, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected to the collector (C) terminal of the IGBT power transistor. The emitter (E) terminal of the IGBT power transistor is connected to the input terminal of the rectifier module. The output terminal of the rectifier module is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator module. The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the charging terminal of the main battery pack. The controlled switch is connected to the vehicle controller and is electrically mounted on this connection line. The output terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to a voltage conversion acquisition circuit, which is electrically connected to the vehicle controller and sends the real-time voltage after DC-DC conversion to the vehicle controller. The gate (G) of the IGBT power transistor is connected to the vehicle controller. The drive switch is connected in the line between the emitter (E) of the IGBT power transistor V1 and the vehicle controller. The drive switch receives the control signal from the vehicle controller, adjusts the duty cycle of the drive switch, and changes the energy storage / release time of the energy storage inductor so that the voltage output by the DC-DC conversion module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack. When the voltage output by the DC-DC conversion module is higher than the real-time output voltage of the main battery pack, the vehicle controller controls the controlled switch to close.

5. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a first switch group, which is electrically connected to the energy transfer line from the battery pack to the main battery pack. The control terminal of the first switch group is electrically connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the first switch group.

6. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a DC-AC conversion module, whose input is connected to the output of the battery pack, for converting the DC voltage output from the battery pack into AC voltage for use by external electrical equipment.

7. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The input terminal of the DC-AC conversion module is also connected to the output terminal of the main battery pack, which is used to convert the DC voltage output by the main battery pack into AC voltage for use by external electrical equipment. It also includes a second switch group, which is electrically connected to the line for energy transfer from the main battery pack to the DC-AC conversion module. The control terminal of the second switch group is electrically connected to the control signal output terminal of the vehicle controller, and the vehicle controller controls the closing and opening of the second switch group.

8. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the vehicle controller detects that the SOC of the battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplemental termination line, the vehicle controller controls the first switch group to disconnect.

9. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the vehicle controller detects that the SOC of the main battery pack is lower than its corresponding supplementary termination line, the vehicle controller controls the second switch group to disconnect.

10. The battery management system for an electric tricycle or two-wheeled vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the main battery pack and the slave battery pack are charged by an external power source, and the charging lines of the main battery pack and the slave battery pack are connected in parallel.

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