A heat exchanger, a battery component, and a battery pack

Abstract

This invention provides a heat exchanger, a battery component, and a battery pack, solving the problem of excessive localized heat at the terminals of individual cells in existing battery packs, leading to thermal runaway. The heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger body and an insulating structure disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body; the heat exchanger body has an inlet channel and an outlet channel. By installing this heat exchanger on the polarity terminals of multiple individual cells, each cell's polarity terminal simultaneously exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in both the inlet and outlet channels, ensuring that the heat exchange between each cell and the heat exchange medium remains essentially consistent. This ensures temperature uniformity among the multiple cells in the battery component, improving the battery component's lifespan and performance. Furthermore, the insulating structure on the outer wall of the heat exchanger provides insulation between the heat exchanger body and the electrical connections and polarity terminals of the battery component. Based on this insulating structure, water cooling can be used for heat exchange, improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of batteries, specifically a heat exchanger, a battery component, and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most common battery packs are composed of multiple battery modules connected together electrically.

[0003] Battery pack temperature control has always been a hot topic in this field. Most existing battery packs use air cooling or liquid cooling to control the overall temperature of the battery pack. However, since the terminals of individual cells in the battery pack are the areas where heat is most concentrated, if the local heat of the terminals becomes too high, it is very likely to cause thermal runaway of individual cells in the battery pack, which will seriously affect the safety and performance of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heat exchanger, battery component, and battery pack that overcomes the problem of excessive local heat at the terminals of individual cells in existing battery packs, which leads to thermal runaway.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The heat exchanger provided by the present invention includes a heat exchanger body and an insulating structure disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body; the heat exchanger body is provided with at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel, each inlet channel and outlet channel being isolated from each other, extending along the length direction of the heat exchanger body, and penetrating both ends of the heat exchanger body.

[0007] Furthermore, the insulation structure includes an insulation support layer disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body and an outer insulation layer disposed on the insulation support layer; the outer insulation layer is a flexible insulation layer, and the insulation support layer has multiple hollow structures. The insulation support layer supports the flexible insulation layer, and the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body through the hollow structures.

[0008] Furthermore, the insulation structure also includes an inner insulation layer attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels are provided with functional structures, which are used to increase the heat exchange area between the heat exchanger body and the heat exchange medium. The functional structures are multiple heat dissipation racks provided on the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels. The multiple heat dissipation racks are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels, and each heat dissipation rack extends axially along the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels.

[0010] The present invention also provides a battery component, which includes a battery module, an electrical connector, and a heat exchanger. The battery module includes multiple individual cells, and each individual cell has a through slot on its polarity terminal. Each battery component includes two heat exchangers, and each heat exchanger is installed in the through slot where the polarity terminal of each individual cell is located on the same side. The heat exchangers realize heat exchange with the polarity terminals of each individual cell.

[0011] Furthermore, there are multiple electrical connectors, each of which is connected to different polarity terminals of adjacent individual cells to achieve series connection between individual cells.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a housing; multiple individual cells are arranged inside the housing; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell; the polarity terminals of each individual cell extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed and connected to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual cell.

[0013] Furthermore, there are two electrical connectors, one of which is connected to the positive terminal of each individual battery cell, and the other is connected to the negative terminal of each individual battery cell, thereby enabling the parallel connection of multiple individual batteries.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a housing; multiple individual cells are arranged inside the housing; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell; the polarity terminals of each individual cell extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed and connected to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual cell; inside the housing, the inner cavities of each individual cell are interconnected; the electrolyte and / or gas between each individual cell are shared.

[0015] Furthermore, an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the outer casing, and the polar terminals, heat exchange components, and electrical connectors of each individual battery are located inside the insulating sealant layer; the electrical connector has a sampling column, and part of the structure of the sampling column is located outside the insulating sealant layer and connected to a sampling plate located outside the insulating sealant layer; the electrical connector is also connected to an electrical connection terminal, and part of the structure of the electrical connection terminal is located outside the insulating sealant layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of the through groove of the polarity terminal is provided with a first step structure, the electrical connector is installed on the step surface of the first step structure, the electrical connector is provided with a second step structure, and the second step structure is welded to the side wall of the first step structure of the polarity terminal.

[0017] The present invention also provides a battery pack, which includes multiple battery components; heat exchange components on each battery component are interconnected to form a battery pack liquid circuit system to realize heat exchange of the battery pack.

[0018] Furthermore, the inlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total inlet path; the outlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form a total outlet path; the end of the total inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total outlet path through an external pipe section; after the heat exchange medium enters the total liquid inlet end, it flows through the inlet channels of each heat exchanger in sequence, and then through the external pipe section, it flows through the outlet channels of each heat exchanger in sequence, and flows out from the total liquid outlet end.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The present invention achieves efficient heat dissipation by fixing a heat exchange component on the polar terminal (the polar terminal can be a terminal post or an integral structure after connecting a terminal post extension component to the terminal post). The heat generated by the battery polar terminal is conducted to the heat exchange component in close contact with it and dissipated through heat exchange.

[0021] The heat exchanger has both an inlet channel and an outlet channel, with the heat exchange medium flowing in opposite directions in the inlet and outlet channels. The heat exchanger is installed on the polarity terminals of multiple individual cells, and each individual cell's polarity terminal exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in both the inlet and outlet channels simultaneously. This heat exchange method ensures that the amount of heat exchanged between each individual cell and the heat exchange medium remains essentially the same, thereby ensuring the temperature uniformity of multiple individual cells in the battery component and improving the service life and performance of the battery component.

[0022] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an insulating structure on the outer wall of the heat exchanger. This insulating structure provides insulation between the heat exchanger body and the electrical connectors and polar terminals in the battery component. Based on this insulating structure, heat exchange can be achieved using water cooling. Compared to insulating oil cooling, water cooling can better meet the cooling requirements of the battery system in terms of efficiency, economy, and environmental friendliness.

[0023] 2. The insulation structure of the heat exchanger of the present invention includes an outer insulation layer and an insulation support layer. Both the outer insulation layer and the insulation support layer are made of insulating material. The two insulation layers achieve reliable insulation between the heat exchanger body and the electrical connectors and polar terminals. Simultaneously, the outer insulation layer is a flexible insulation layer, and the insulation support layer has a perforated structure. The flexible insulation layer can contact the outer wall of the heat exchanger body through the perforated structure of the insulation support layer, achieving good heat conduction between the heat exchanger body and the outer insulation layer. This ensures both reliable insulation performance and excellent heat exchange performance. Furthermore, the insulation support layer supports, protects, and positions the flexible insulation layer, increasing its resistance to deformation. Under the support of the insulation support layer, the flexible insulation layer will not shift, misalign, or break, avoiding insulation problems caused by direct contact between the heat exchanger body and the polar terminals and electrical connectors due to compression deformation of the flexible insulation layer. This improves the reliability of the flexible insulation layer during installation and use.

[0024] 3. In the heat exchanger of the present invention, the insulation structure further includes an inner insulation layer attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body, so that the heat exchanger body has a three-layer insulation structure. This multi-layer insulation arrangement ensures that when the heat exchanger body exchanges heat with the single cell, even if one of them is damaged, the heat exchanger body can still maintain reliable insulation performance, thereby improving the safety of the single cell during use.

[0025] 4. In the heat exchanger of the present invention, the inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels are provided with functional structures. These functional structures are used to increase the heat exchange area between the heat exchanger body and the heat exchange medium. Compared with the heat exchanger body without functional structures, the heat exchanger body and the heat exchange medium have a larger heat exchange area, which can improve the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger body.

[0026] 5. In the battery component of the present invention, each heat exchanger is installed in the through groove where the polarity terminal of each individual cell is located on the same side. The heat generated by each individual cell during operation is conducted to the heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger through the polarity terminal, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation and effectively reducing the overall temperature of the battery component. This reduces the problem of battery performance degradation and shortened lifespan caused by high temperature, and ensures that the battery component can maintain good performance and stability under different operating conditions.

[0027] 6. In the battery component of the present invention, the electrolyte and / or gas inside each individual cell are connected, so that the electrolyte and / or gas of all individual cells are in the same system, reducing the differences between individual cells and improving the consistency between individual cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery component to a certain extent.

[0028] 7. In the battery component of the present invention, a first step structure is provided on the inner wall of the through groove of the polar terminal, and a second step structure is provided on the electrical connector. The second step structure is welded to the side wall of the first step structure of the polar terminal, which can achieve a tight connection between the polar terminal and the electrical connector. Compared with other connection methods, such as simple mechanical fixation, welding eliminates the tiny gaps between the connection parts, greatly reduces thermal resistance, improves the heat conduction efficiency between the two, and ensures effective heat transfer. Welded connection can also enhance the connection stability between the two, preventing the heat exchange component from separating from the polar terminal due to vibration and other factors during battery component operation, thereby affecting the heat dissipation effect.

[0029] 8. In the battery component of this invention, the electrical connector not only enables electrical connection between individual battery cells, but also applies pressure to the heat exchanger to ensure full contact between the heat exchanger and the polarity terminal, improving the heat exchange effect. Simultaneously, it ensures reliable positioning of the heat exchanger within the polarity terminal slot. Furthermore, the electrical connector allows for the acquisition of temperature and electrical signals from each individual battery cell in the battery module, eliminating the need for additional devices to collect these data.

[0030] 9. In the battery pack of the present invention, within a single heat exchanger, the heat exchange medium forms an efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet and outlet water channels, enabling each polarity terminal to obtain a balanced heat dissipation effect; for all heat exchangers, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water channels remains basically constant, effectively avoiding the local overheating or undercooling phenomenon that exists in traditional series cooling (traditional series cooling: the heat exchange medium gradually heats up as it flows from the total inlet end to the total outlet end, resulting in a lower battery temperature near the total inlet end and a higher battery temperature at the total outlet end). Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the heat exchanger in Example 1;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger in Example 2;

[0035] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the heat exchanger in Example 2;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of battery component (connected in series) in Example 4;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of battery component (connected in parallel) in Example 4;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the first type of battery component in Example 4;

[0039] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the first type of battery component (in series) in Example 4;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 4;

[0041] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connector in Example 4;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the third type of battery component in Example 5;

[0043] Figure 13 This is an exploded view of the third type of battery component in Example 5;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth type of battery component in Example 5;

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another type of third-class battery component in Example 5;

[0046] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the third type of battery component (with an insulating sealant layer laid) in Example 5;

[0047] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack structure in Example 6.

[0048] Reference numerals: 1-Heat exchanger, 11-Heat exchanger body, 111-Inlet channel, 112-Outlet channel, 113-Functional structure, 12-Insulation structure, 121-Outer insulation layer, 122-Insulation support layer, 123-Inner insulation layer, 2-Battery module, 21-Single cell, 22-Polar terminal, 221-Terminal post, 222-Terminal post extension, 23-Through groove, 24-First step structure, 3-Shell, 31-Allowing hole, 32-Electrolyte sharing chamber, 33-Gas sharing chamber, 34-Insulating seal, 35-Insulating sealant layer, 4-Electrical connector, 41-Second step structure, 42-Collection column, 5-Electrical connection terminal, 6-Collection board. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0052] The present invention provides a heat exchanger that is installed on the polarity terminal of a single cell and cools the polarity terminal of the single cell by liquid cooling.

[0053] In the field of battery thermal management, common liquid cooling methods mainly use liquids such as water and insulating oil as heat exchange media, relying on a circulation system to achieve heat exchange. Among these, water has significant advantages over liquid heat exchange media such as insulating oil.

[0054] Regarding cooling efficiency: the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 × 10⁻⁶. 3 The thermal conductivity is approximately 0.6 W / (m·K), while the specific heat capacity of insulating oil is 1.6 × 10⁻⁶ W / (kg·℃). 3 J / (kg·℃)-2.5×10 3 Its thermal conductivity is between 0.1 and 0.15 W / (m·K), with a J / (kg·℃) value. Therefore, compared to insulating oil, water can more efficiently remove heat from the battery's polarity terminals.

[0055] In terms of cost: insulating oil is relatively expensive; water is widely available and inexpensive.

[0056] In terms of environmental protection: Insulating oil leaks are difficult to degrade and pollute the environment; water leaks are harmless and produce no waste.

[0057] In summary, water cooling offers significant advantages over insulating oil cooling in the selection of heat exchanger cooling methods, better meeting the high-efficiency, economical, and environmentally friendly cooling requirements of battery systems. Therefore, this invention adopts water cooling, using water as the heat exchange medium, and designs a specific heat exchanger structure based on this, as follows:

[0058] To achieve the function of cooling the polar terminals using water cooling, an inlet water channel and an outlet water channel are provided on the heat exchanger body. To prevent safety issues caused by the heat exchange medium becoming electrified, an insulating structure is provided on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body to achieve insulation between the heat exchanger body and the electrical connectors and polar terminals in the battery component.

[0059] This invention also discloses a battery component, including a battery module, an electrical connector, and the aforementioned heat exchanger. The battery module mainly consists of multiple individual batteries. The heat exchanger is connected to the polarity terminals of the individual batteries, and the polarity terminals are cooled by water cooling. It should be noted that the polarity terminals described in this invention can be individual battery terminals, or they can be an integral structure of an individual battery terminal and a terminal extension attached thereto.

[0060] The present invention also discloses a battery pack comprising multiple battery components as described above, wherein heat exchange components on each battery component are interconnected to form a battery pack liquid circuit system to achieve heat exchange in the battery pack.

[0061] The aforementioned battery modules can include at least the following three types:

[0062] Type 1 battery module:

[0063] The first type of battery module includes multiple individual battery cells arranged along a first direction;

[0064] For ease of description, the arrangement direction of individual cells is defined as the x-direction in this invention; the height direction of individual cells is defined as the z-direction; and the direction perpendicular to both the x and z directions is defined as the y-direction.

[0065] Second type of battery module:

[0066] The second type of battery module adds at least one electrolyte sharing pipeline to the first type of battery module. Based on the electrolyte sharing pipeline, the electrolyte areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells are connected to achieve electrolyte sharing, reduce the differences between individual cells, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery module. It may also include a gas sharing pipeline, which connects the gas areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells to achieve gas balance and further optimize the cycle performance of the battery module.

[0067] Third type of battery module:

[0068] The third type of battery module, based on the first type, adds a casing, with multiple individual batteries arranged along the x-direction and placed inside the casing cavity. The casing has an explosion vent, through which thermal runaway fumes are discharged.

[0069] This invention does not specifically limit the above-mentioned shell structure, but at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0070] The first structure includes a first cylinder with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is an open end) and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the first cylinder (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane).

[0071] The second structure includes a second cylinder with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate respectively fixed to the open ends at the top and bottom of the second cylinder (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are both parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate or the top plate can be an integral structure with the second cylinder).

[0072] The top plate of the outer casing (here, the top plate of the first cylindrical body in the first structure, and the top plate in the second structure) has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell; the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing is sealed to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual battery cell. The area corresponding to the clearance hole can be the wall of the clearance hole, or it can be the area surrounding the clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing.

[0073] Category 4 battery modules:

[0074] The fourth type of battery module, based on the third type, connects the internal cavities of each individual cell within the casing, enabling electrolyte sharing and / or gas balance. This reduces the differences between the individual cells within the casing and improves the performance of the battery module. This connectivity is typically achieved through a shared chamber within the casing.

[0075] It should be noted that the aforementioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte shared chamber. The inner cavity of the electrolyte shared chamber is connected to the inner cavity of each individual battery cell. This shared electrolyte chamber ensures that each individual battery cell is in a uniform electrolyte environment, guaranteeing the uniformity of the electrolyte within each cell and improving the performance and charge-discharge cycle life of the battery module. The electrolyte shared chamber described here is a liquid channel extending along the length (x-direction) of the casing between the bottom plate of the outer casing and each individual battery cell. This liquid channel can be integrally formed with the bottom plate of the outer casing, or it can be formed by setting a support between the lower cover plate of the individual battery cell and the bottom plate of the outer casing. It should be noted that in the first type of casing structure, the bottom plate here is the first cylindrical bottom plate; in the second type of casing structure, the bottom plate here is a base plate.

[0076] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-sharing chamber located on the top plate of the outer casing, covering the gas inlets at the top of each individual battery cell. It should be noted that in the first type of casing structure, the top plate here refers to the top plate of the first cylindrical body; in the second type of casing structure, the top plate here refers to the top plate.

[0077] It should also be noted that the gas port here has the following two meanings:

[0078] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the top cover of the single cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell;

[0079] At this time, the gas-sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each individual cell through the gas port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber, the gas areas of each individual cell can be connected to achieve gas balance, so that the gas of each individual cell is shared to ensure the consistency of each individual cell and improve the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. When any individual cell experiences thermal runaway, the flue gas in the inner cavity of that individual cell enters the gas-sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas-sharing chamber, improving the safety of the battery module.

[0080] 2) The gas port is a vent or explosion-proof port installed on the top cover of the individual battery, and a vent membrane is provided at the vent or explosion-proof port.

[0081] At this time, the gas sharing chamber is used as a venting channel. When the venting membrane at the gas port of any single battery cell is ruptured by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of that single battery cell and the gas sharing chamber are connected, and the flue gas inside is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0082] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery cell can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance of the battery module and its charge-discharge cycle life.

[0083] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0084] Example 1

[0085] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchanger 1 in this embodiment includes a heat exchanger body 11, which has at least one inlet channel 111 and at least one outlet channel 112. Each inlet channel 111 and outlet channel 112 extends along the length of the heat exchanger body 11 and passes through both ends of the heat exchanger body 11. The inlet channel 111 and outlet channel 112 are isolated from each other, and the flow directions of the heat exchange medium in the inlet channel 111 and outlet channel 112 are opposite.

[0086] The aforementioned heat exchanger body 11 is a component with heat exchange function. It mainly contacts the polar terminals 22 of each individual battery cell 21 and exchanges heat with the polar terminals 22 of the individual battery cells 21 in the battery module 2. To maintain good thermal conductivity and efficiency, it can be made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, such as silver, copper, or aluminum. However, considering cost and electrical and thermal conductivity, aluminum is generally chosen as the material for the heat exchanger body 11. This type of heat exchanger 1 has excellent thermal conductivity, can quickly absorb and transfer heat to the heat exchange medium, promptly remove heat from the battery polar terminals 22, avoid local heat accumulation, and achieve efficient heat dissipation.

[0087] In this embodiment, the heat exchanger body 11 is a long columnar structure, and its cross-section is usually designed as rectangular or circular. The size can be customized according to actual needs.

[0088] from Figure 2 and Figure 3 As can be seen from the diagram, this embodiment has an inlet channel 111 and an outlet channel 112 formed on the heat exchanger body 11. The inlet channel 111 and the outlet channel 112 extend along the length of the heat exchanger body 11 and penetrate both ends of the heat exchanger body 11. In specific manufacturing, the inlet channel 111 and the outlet channel 112 are through holes penetrating both ends of the heat exchanger body 11 along its length; the shape of these through holes is generally not limited. The number of inlet channels 111 and outlet channels 112 is set according to requirements, but at least one inlet channel 111 and one outlet channel 112 are included. This embodiment is described using an example of having one inlet channel 111 and one outlet channel 112.

[0089] In this embodiment, each inlet channel 111 and outlet channel 112 is isolated from each other and arranged in parallel. The flow direction of the heat transfer medium in the inlet channel 111 and outlet channel 112 is opposite. When the heat exchanger 1 exchanges heat with the polar terminals 22 of the multiple individual cells 21, the heat exchange between the polar terminals 22 of each individual cell 21 and the heat exchange medium is relatively balanced. Each individual cell 21 can obtain a balanced heat dissipation effect, thereby ensuring the temperature uniformity of the multiple individual cells 21 in the battery component and improving the service life and performance of the battery component.

[0090] Since the heat exchanger body 11 is made of a metal with good thermal conductivity, and water is used as the heat exchange medium inside the heat exchanger, an insulation structure 12 needs to be provided on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11. The insulation structure 12 is used to achieve long-term stable insulation between the heat exchanger body 11 and the electrical connector 4 and polarity terminal 22 in the battery component, to avoid short circuits and ensure electrical safety.

[0091] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the insulation structure 12 in this embodiment mainly includes an outer insulation layer 121 and an insulation support layer 122. The outer insulation layer 121 is a flexible insulation layer, and the insulation support layer 122 is made of insulating material. The insulation support layer 122 has multiple perforated structures, and the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 through the perforated structures. Specifically, the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 through the perforated structures to exchange heat. This means that a portion of the flexible insulation layer forms dot-like protrusions through the perforated structures, and these dot-like protrusions contact the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 for heat exchange. Alternatively, after the flexible insulation layer passes through the perforated structures, the entire inner surface of the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 for heat exchange. This specifically includes the following two situations:

[0092] First, the insulating support layer 122 is embedded inside the outer insulation layer 121. The insulating support layer 122 supports the outer insulation layer 121. During installation, the outer insulation layer 121 with the insulating support layer 122 is wrapped around the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11. At this time, the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 is covered by the outer insulation layer 121, and the entire inner side of the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 for heat exchange.

[0093] Second, the insulating support layer 122 is disposed inside the outer insulating layer 121, that is, the insulating support layer 122 and the outer insulating layer 121 are disposed sequentially from the inside to the outside on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11. In other words, the insulating support layer 122 is disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11, and the outer insulating layer 121 is disposed on the insulating support layer 122. At this time, part of the structure of the flexible insulating layer is embedded in the hollow structure of the insulating support layer 122 to form dot-shaped protrusions, and the dot-shaped protrusions contact the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 for heat exchange.

[0094] The aforementioned insulation structure 12 maintains reliable insulation performance when the heat exchanger body 11 contacts the polar terminals 22 of each individual battery 21 in the battery module 2 for heat exchange, thereby improving the safety of each individual battery 21 during use.

[0095] In this embodiment, the insulating support layer 122 meets at least the following requirements: the insulating support layer 122 prevents direct contact between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminals and electrical connectors; simultaneously, the insulating support layer 122 supports and positions the flexible insulation layer, preventing the flexible insulation layer from shifting or misaligning. Specifically, the insulating support layer 122 can be a sleeve structure, with the perforated structure being multiple openings formed on the sleeve wall, allowing part of the flexible insulation layer to contact and exchange heat with the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 through the perforated structure; alternatively, the insulating support layer 122 can be a supporting mesh structure, with the perforated structure being holes in the mesh structure, allowing part of the flexible insulation layer to contact and exchange heat with the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 through the holes in the mesh structure. Compared to the mesh structure insulating support layer 122, the sleeve structure insulating support layer 122 is easier to install and has more reliable support and insulation. The following detailed description of the insulating support layer 122 will use a sleeve structure as an example.

[0096] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in the specific fabrication of the insulating support layer 122 of the sleeve structure, the shape of the sleeve structure is adapted to the shape of the heat exchanger body 11. During installation, the insulating support layer 122 needs to be tightly attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 to achieve insulation and heat conduction. Meanwhile, the insulating support layer 122 is made of insulating material. Theoretically, the thinner the insulating support layer 122, the better its thermal conductivity. However, while ensuring its thermal conductivity, its insulation performance must also be guaranteed. After balancing thermal conductivity and insulation performance, the appropriate thickness is selected according to requirements.

[0097] In this embodiment, the insulating support layer 122 can be made of a thin-walled plastic sleeve, preferably a heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, such as PTFE heat-shrinkable sleeve. When using a heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, holes are made first, then it is heat-shrinked. That is, holes are first made in the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve, and then it is heat-shrinkably fitted onto the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11, resulting in no heat conduction gap between the plastic sleeve and the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11, thus improving heat conduction. The material of the heat-shrinkable plastic sleeve can be wear-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and insulating materials such as FEP, PEK, PTFE, PVDF, and PVC. The holes on the plastic sleeve are specifically perforated holes or grooves. The shape of the holes or grooves is not limited; the holes can be round, square, strip-shaped, triangular, or hexagonal, or spiral-shaped.

[0098] In other ways, the insulating support layer 122 can also be provided on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 by means of thermal spraying, injection molding, etc. When the insulating support layer 122 is formed by means of thermal spraying, injection molding, etc., the insulating material is first attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 by thermal spraying, injection molding, etc., and then holes are processed in the plastic layer formed by thermal spraying, injection molding, etc., to form a hollow structure.

[0099] In this embodiment, the outer insulation layer 121 is a flexible insulation layer. This flexible insulation layer is disposed on the outside of the heat exchanger body 11 with the aforementioned insulating support layer 122, so as to form a multi-layer insulation structure 12 on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11. When installing this flexible insulation layer, it can also be made into a sleeve structure. The cross-sectional shape of this sleeve structure matches the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchanger 1 and can be fitted onto the heat exchanger body 11 with the insulating support layer 122 to achieve insulation at the contact point between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22 of the single cell 21. Since this flexible insulation layer has flexibility and elastic deformation capability, it also has the functions of buffering, shock absorption, and compensating for assembly tolerances. Installing it between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22 can protect the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22 of the single cell 21.

[0100] The aforementioned flexible insulating layer can be fabricated using insulating materials with good thermal conductivity, giving it both excellent thermal conductivity and good insulation properties. Examples include thermally conductive rubber layers or thermally conductive silicone pads. Preferably, the flexible insulating layer uses thermally conductive silicone pads, which offer both good insulation and thermal conductivity. Thermally conductive silicone pads are low-cost, possess good softness, compressibility, and flexibility, and can be easily installed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11. Theoretically, the thinner the flexible insulating layer, the better its thermal conductivity. However, while ensuring thermal conductivity, it is also necessary to ensure insulation performance. A thicker flexible insulating layer provides more reliable insulation. In practical applications, a suitable thickness is selected after balancing thermal conductivity and insulation performance.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] This embodiment provides a heat exchanger 1, which is similar to the heat exchanger 1 in Embodiment 1, except that, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the insulation structure 12 on the heat exchanger body 11 further includes an inner insulation layer 123; the inner insulation layer 123 is attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11.

[0103] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the inner insulating layer 123 is formed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11, and the insulating support layer 122 and the outer insulating layer 121 are disposed on the heat exchanger body 11 having the inner insulating layer 123. This arrangement results in multiple insulating layers on the side wall of the heat exchanger body 11 that contacts the polar terminal 22 of the single cell 21. When the heat exchanger body 11 contacts the polar terminal 22 of the single cell 21 for heat exchange, even if one of the insulating layers is damaged, reliable insulation can still be maintained between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22 of the single cell 21.

[0104] In this embodiment, the inner insulation layer 123 is formed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11, and can be formed in various ways. The following are some ways to implement the inner insulation layer 123:

[0105] First, a ceramic coating is formed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 as an inner insulating layer 123, namely a high-temperature electrical insulating coating, to form an insulating layer. The ceramic coating can be boron nitride or aluminum oxide or copper fluoride coating.

[0106] Second, an insulating material is coated on the outer wall surface of the heat exchanger body 11 to form an inner insulating layer 123, such as spraying insulating paint, coating insulating glue, using a powder coating process to uniformly place powdered insulating and heat-conducting material on the surface of the heat exchanger body 11, or using a printing process to uniformly place powdered insulating and heat-conducting material on the surface of the heat exchanger body 11.

[0107] Third, an enamel insulating layer is formed on the outer wall surface of the heat exchanger body 11 as an inner insulating layer 123;

[0108] The enamel insulation layer is made of porcelain enamel fired at high temperature. It has extremely high insulation resistance and can effectively block the current path between the heat exchange medium and the heat exchange component body 11, thus avoiding short circuits and safety problems caused by the heat exchange medium being charged.

[0109] The enamel insulation layer can be made using mature enamel technology. By controlling the thickness of the enamel insulation layer, it can ensure excellent insulation performance, block the current path between the heat exchange medium and the heat exchanger body 11, and not significantly affect the thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger body 11. This ensures that heat can be quickly and efficiently transferred from the heat exchanger body 11 to the heat exchanger body 11 and the heat exchange medium in sequence, achieving a good heat dissipation effect.

[0110] Furthermore, the enamel insulation layer, when tightly bonded to the heat exchanger body 11, does not significantly affect thermal conductivity. Compared to some organic insulating materials, the enamel insulation layer maintains stable thermal conductivity even at high temperatures, without softening or decomposing due to heat, thus ensuring that heat generated at the battery polarity terminal 22 is promptly dissipated, maintaining the battery at a suitable operating temperature and improving its charge / discharge performance and lifespan. Simultaneously, due to the stable structure and good wear resistance of the enamel insulation layer, it will not deform or detach due to minor impacts or pressure, ensuring structural stability.

[0111] Fourth, the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 is oxidized to form an inner insulating layer 123. The oxidation process utilizes the chemical reaction between the metal surface and oxygen to form an oxide film, thereby improving the insulation performance of the metal surface. For example, electrochemical oxidation methods. Specifically, the heat exchanger body 11 is oxidized to form a hard oxide layer.

[0112] Among the various methods described above, using a hard oxide layer for the inner insulation layer 123 is a relatively preferred method. The insulation layer formed by this method is not easily detached and has relatively good insulation performance. By controlling the thickness of the hard oxide layer, while ensuring insulation performance, the sidewalls of the heat exchanger body 11 also have better thermal conductivity.

[0113] In other embodiments, the insulation structure 12 on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body 11 may only include the inner insulation layer 123 described above, as long as the inner insulation layer 123 can ensure insulation performance.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] This embodiment provides a heat exchanger 1, which is similar to the heat exchanger 1 in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, except that, as Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, to optimize the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger body 11, the inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels of the heat exchanger body 11 in this embodiment are provided with structures to increase the heat exchange area. For ease of description, the structures that can increase the heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchanger body 11 are collectively referred to as functional structure 113. This functional structure 113 can increase the heat exchange area between the heat exchanger body 11 and the heat exchange medium. After the heat exchanger body 11 with functional structure 113 is installed on the polarity terminal 22 of the single cell 21, the heat exchanger body 11 can quickly exchange heat with the heat exchange medium, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger body 11. The functional structure 113 can specifically adopt the following structure:

[0116] First, the functional structure 113 includes at least one annular groove or annular protrusion formed on the inner wall of the inlet and outlet water channels. Multiple annular grooves or annular protrusions are arranged axially along the inner wall of the inlet and outlet water channels, with each annular groove or annular protrusion extending circumferentially along the inner wall of the inlet and outlet water channels. The number and size of the annular grooves or annular protrusions can be adjusted as needed, provided that the flow of the heat exchange medium is not affected. Compared to inlet and outlet water channels with smooth inner walls, the annular grooves or annular protrusions can increase the heat exchange area of ​​this part of the heat exchanger body 11, thereby achieving a better heat exchange effect.

[0117] Second, the functional structure 113 includes dot-shaped pits and dot-shaped protrusions located on the inner wall of the heat exchanger body 11. Compared with the water inlet channel and water outlet channel with smooth inner wall surface, the dot-shaped pits and dot-shaped protrusions can increase the heat exchange area of ​​the inner wall of the water inlet channel and water outlet channel, thereby improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger body 11.

[0118] Third, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the functional structure 113 includes multiple heat dissipation racks disposed on the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels of the heat exchanger body 11. These racks are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner walls of the inlet and outlet channels, and each rack extends axially along the inner walls of the channels. The number and arrangement of the heat dissipation racks can be adjusted according to the size of the heat exchanger body 11, ensuring that the flow of the heat exchange medium is not affected. The heat dissipation racks increase the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the inner wall of the heat exchanger body 11, thereby effectively improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger body 11. Furthermore, the even distribution of multiple heat dissipation racks along the circumferentially of the inner wall of the heat exchanger body 11 ensures good temperature uniformity across all parts of the heat exchanger body 11, and the axial extension of each rack along the inner wall does not affect the flow of the heat exchange medium within the heat exchanger body 11.

[0119] All of the aforementioned functional structures 113 can increase the contact area between the heat exchange medium and the inner wall of the heat exchanger body 11. However, processing or forming annular grooves, annular protrusions, dotted pits, or dotted protrusions on the inner wall of the heat exchanger body 11 is quite difficult. Considering processing and manufacturing costs, the structure of the functional structure 113 as a heat dissipation toothed rack is relatively better. Since the heat exchanger body 11 is generally formed by aluminum extrusion, the heat dissipation toothed rack can be integrally extruded with the heat exchanger body 11 during processing, which facilitates the processing of the functional structure 113 and also makes the heat exchanger body 11 have lower processing costs.

[0120] Example 4

[0121] This embodiment provides a first type of battery component, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the battery component includes an electrical connector 4, a heat exchanger 1, and a battery module 2. The battery module 2 includes multiple individual battery cells 21 arranged in sequence, such as... Figure 10 As shown, each individual battery cell 21 has a through groove 23 on its polarity terminal 22; each battery component includes two heat exchange components 1, each heat exchange component 1 is installed in the through groove 23 of the polarity terminal 22 of each individual battery cell 21 on the same side, and the heat exchange component 1 realizes heat exchange with the polarity terminal 22 of each individual battery cell 21; the electrical connector 4 is fixed to the open end of the through groove 23 to realize the electrical connection between each individual battery cell 21.

[0122] The battery module 2 in this embodiment is the first type of battery module described above. As shown in the figure, the battery module 2 in this embodiment includes 12 individual battery cells 21 arranged along the x-direction. The individual battery cells 21 in this embodiment are prismatic batteries, and the internal cavity of each individual battery cell 21 includes an electrolyte region and a gas region. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 21 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the shape of the individual battery cells 21 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0123] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, each individual battery cell 21 has a terminal extension 222 connected to its terminal post 221 as a polarity terminal 22. The terminal extension 222 has a through groove 23 for mounting the heat exchanger 1, extending along the x-direction, meaning its length is parallel to the x-axis. The inner shape of the through groove 23 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the heat exchanger body 11, ensuring the heat exchanger 1 is tightly clamped within it. This ensures installation stability while also guaranteeing heat transfer between the heat exchanger 1 and the terminal extension 222. As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment uses a rectangular through groove 23, and the heat exchanger 1 it adapts to has a rectangular cross-section.

[0124] The specific installation process is as follows: Figure 9As shown, firstly, each terminal extension 222 is connected to the corresponding terminal 221 of the single cell 21. After all terminal extensions 222 are fixed, the heat exchanger 1 is fixed along the x-direction in the through groove 23 of each terminal extension 222 located on the same side, and the electrical connector 4 is installed at the open end of the through groove 23 and welded to the two side walls of the through groove 23.

[0125] In this embodiment, two heat exchange components 1 are provided on the top of the battery module 2. A heat exchange medium is introduced into the water inlet channel 111 and the water outlet channel 112 of the heat exchange component 1. When the heat of the electrode post 221 is conducted to the electrode post extension 222, it will be further transferred to the heat exchange medium in the water inlet channel 111 and the water outlet channel 112 of the heat exchange component 1 to achieve heat dissipation of the battery module 2.

[0126] In this embodiment, an electrical connector 4 is installed at the open end of the through slot 23 to realize the electrical connection between each individual battery cell 21.

[0127] like Figure 6 As shown, if multiple individual cells 21 in the battery component are connected in series, then there are multiple electrical connectors 4. Each electrical connector 4 is connected to a different polarity terminal 22 of an adjacent individual cell 21 to realize the series connection between the individual cells 21.

[0128] like Figure 7 As shown, if multiple individual cells 21 in the battery component are connected in parallel, there are two electrical connectors 4. In this case, the positive polarity terminal 22 of each individual cell 21 is located on the same side of each individual cell 21, and the negative polarity terminal 22 of each individual cell 21 is located on the other side of each individual cell 21. At this time, one electrical connector 4 is connected to the positive polarity terminal 22 of each individual cell 21, and the other electrical connector 4 is connected to the negative polarity terminal 22 of each individual cell 21, thereby realizing the parallel connection of multiple individual cells 21.

[0129] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the aforementioned electrical connector 4 is specifically connected to the polarity terminal 22 of each individual battery cell 21, thereby realizing the electrical connection of each individual battery cell 21. Specifically, in this embodiment, a first step structure 24 is provided along the length direction (x-direction) of the inner wall of the through-slot of the polarity terminal. The electrical connector 4 is disposed on the step surface of two first step structures 24. Simultaneously, a second step structure 41 is provided along the length direction (x-direction) of the outer wall of the electrical connector 4. The horizontal surface of the second step structure 41 serves as a welding part, welded to the vertical plane of the first step structure 24 of the polarity terminal 22 and the top surface of the through-slot sidewall. The second step structure 41 provides a larger welding contact area, making the welded connection more robust. This connection structure improves the connection stability between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polarity terminal 22.

[0130] In other embodiments, the vertical sidewall of the first step structure 24 is an inclined surface, and the electrical connector 4 is embedded in the vertical sidewall of the first step structure 24, which is also an inclined surface. The two inclined surfaces form a triangular area, and filler wire welding is performed in the triangular area to achieve connection stability between the heat exchanger body 11 and the polar terminal 22.

[0131] The welding method described above achieves a tight connection between the electrical connector 4 and the polarity terminal 22. Compared to other connection methods, such as simple mechanical fixing, welding eliminates tiny gaps at the connection point, greatly reducing thermal resistance and significantly improving the heat conduction efficiency between the two, ensuring effective heat transfer. Simultaneously, the welded connection enhances the connection stability, preventing the heat exchanger 1 from separating from the polarity terminal 22 due to vibration, impact, or other factors during battery operation, thus avoiding impact on heat dissipation and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the battery component. Furthermore, the tight contact significantly reduces contact resistance, allowing current to be evenly distributed between the electrical connector 4 and the polarity terminal 22, avoiding localized current concentration or hot spots caused by poor contact.

[0132] The aforementioned electrical connector 4 not only enables electrical connection between individual battery cells, but also applies pressure to the heat exchanger 1, ensuring full contact between the heat exchanger 1 and the polarity terminal, thus improving the heat exchange effect. Simultaneously, it ensures reliable positioning of the heat exchanger 1 within the polarity terminal slot. Furthermore, the electrical connector 4 allows for the acquisition of temperature and electrical signals from each individual battery cell in the battery module, eliminating the need for additional devices to collect these data.

[0133] In this embodiment, an electrolyte sharing pipeline can also be added to the bottom of the first type of battery component to serve as the second type of battery component. The inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual cell 21, realizing electrolyte sharing, reducing the differences between individual cells 21, and optimizing the cycle performance of the battery component. It should be noted that in the second type of battery component, multiple individual cells in the battery module can only be electrically connected in parallel.

[0134] Example 5

[0135] Figure 12 and Figure 13The image shows a third type of battery component in this embodiment. Its structure differs from that of the first type of battery component. The battery module 2 in this type of battery component is a third type of battery module. The third type of battery module also includes a housing 3. Multiple individual batteries 21 are arranged inside the housing 3. The top plate of the housing 3 has clearance holes 31 corresponding to the polarity terminals 22 of each individual battery 21. The polarity terminals 22 of each individual battery 21 extend out of the corresponding clearance holes 31, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole 31 on the top plate of the housing 3 is sealed and connected to the upper cover plate of the corresponding individual battery 21.

[0136] The assembly of such battery components can be achieved through the following process:

[0137] like Figure 13 As shown, firstly, 12 individual batteries 21 are placed inside the outer casing 3, and the top plate of the outer casing 3 corresponding to the clearance hole 31 is fixedly sealed to the top cover plate of the individual battery 21. In this embodiment, the edge of the clearance hole 31 near the individual battery 21 can be welded to the top cover plate of the individual battery 21 using filler wire welding to achieve a sealed connection; alternatively, laser welding can be used to weld the area around each clearance hole 31 on the top plate of the outer casing 3 to the area around the corresponding electrode post 221 on the top cover plate of the individual battery 21. Alternatively, a hollow component can be used to seal the area of ​​the top plate of the casing corresponding to the clearance hole 31 to the top cover plate of each individual battery 21. Specifically, each hollow component is inserted through the clearance hole 31 and fitted around each pole post 221. The bottom of the hollow component is laser-welded to the first area of ​​the corresponding single cell 21, and the top of the hollow component is laser-welded to the second area of ​​the top plate of the outer casing 3. The first area is the area around any pole post 221 in the upper cover of any single cell 21. The second area is the area corresponding to any clearance hole 31 on the top plate of the outer casing 3. The area corresponding to the clearance hole 31 can be the wall of the clearance hole 31 or the area around the clearance hole 31 on the top plate of the outer casing 3.

[0138] Furthermore, due to the small gap between the terminal 221 of the individual battery 21 and the clearance hole 31, the insulation between the terminal 221 of the individual battery 21 and the top plate of the outer casing 3 may be difficult to ensure. Additionally, if thermal runaway occurs, cracks may appear at the weld between the clearance hole 31 and the top cover of the individual battery 21, causing thermal runaway fumes to leak from that location. Therefore, if... Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, an insulating seal 34 is provided in the gap between each clearance hole 31 and the pole post 221. The insulating seal 34 can ensure the insulation between the polarity terminal 22 and the top plate of the housing 3. At the same time, even if leakage occurs at the welding position, the insulating seal 34 can also serve as a second barrier to prevent the leakage of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0139] Therefore, after fixing and sealing the top plate of the outer casing 3 corresponding to the clearance hole 31 to the top cover plate of the single cell 21, the insulating seal 34 is set between each clearance hole 31 and the terminal post 221. Then, the terminal post extension 222 is pressed tightly against the insulating seal 34, and finally the terminal post extension 222 is connected to the terminal post 221 of the single cell 21.

[0140] In some other embodiments, the insulating seal 34 may also be an insulating seal layer disposed at the gap between the clearance hole 31 and the pole post 221 by a casting process.

[0141] Finally, the heat exchanger 1 is fixed in the through groove 23 of the electrode extension 222, and each electrical connector 4 is welded to the polarity terminal 22 to realize the electrical connection of each individual battery cell 21.

[0142] like Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, after the heat exchanger 1 and electrical connector 4 are installed in the polarity terminal 22 of each individual battery 21, in order to further improve the reliability of the battery component during operation, an insulating sealant layer 35 is laid on the top of the outer casing 3. The polarity terminal 22 of each individual battery 21, the heat exchanger 1, and the electrical connector 4 are located in the insulating sealant layer 35. At this time, it should be noted that an electrical connection terminal 5 needs to be connected to the electrical connector 4. The electrical connection terminal 5 needs to be partially exposed outside the insulating sealant layer 35 to realize the electrical connection between the battery component and the external device.

[0143] Meanwhile, the electrical connector 4 also has a data acquisition post 42. Part of the data acquisition post 42 is exposed outside the insulating sealant layer 35 and is connected to the data acquisition plate 6 located outside the insulating sealant layer 35. The data acquisition plate 6 collects information from the battery component. If the data acquisition plate 6 is located inside the insulating sealant layer 35, then the data acquisition post 42 is not required on the electrical connector 4. During battery component installation, the data acquisition plate 6 is connected to the electrical connector 4, and then the insulating sealant layer 35 is laid, embedding both the data acquisition plate 6 and the electrical connector 4 within the insulating sealant layer 35.

[0144] like Figure 14 As shown, based on the third type of battery component described above, a fourth type of battery component can also be provided, wherein the battery module 2 in the fourth type of battery component is the aforementioned fourth type of battery module. It should be noted that in the fourth type of battery component, multiple individual batteries 21 can only be electrically connected in parallel.

[0145] In this embodiment, the fourth type of battery module arranges 12 individual battery cells 21 inside the housing 3. Each terminal extension 222 is located outside the housing 3. A heat exchanger 1 is fixed on the terminal extension 222 located on the same side. The structure of the terminal extension 222 and its installation structure with the heat exchanger 1 are the same as those of the first type of battery component, and will not be described again here. Inside the housing 3, the cavities of each individual battery cell 21 are interconnected; the electrolyte and / or gas are shared among the individual battery cells 21.

[0146] A support extending in the x-direction is provided between the bottom plate of the outer casing 3 and each individual battery cell 21 to form a liquid channel, serving as an electrolyte sharing chamber 32.

[0147] The top plate of the outer casing 3 may also be provided with a boss extending in the x direction, and a gas channel is opened on the boss, which serves as a gas sharing chamber 33.

[0148] Example 6

[0149] like Figure 17 As shown, this embodiment provides a battery pack, which includes four battery components arranged along the y-direction (shown in the figure as using...). Figure 14 or Figure 12 (Taking the battery component shown as an example), in practical applications, the number of battery components can be flexibly adjusted according to specific needs.

[0150] In this embodiment, the water inlet channels 111 of the four battery components are connected end to end in sequence to form a total water inlet path; similarly, the water outlet channels 112 are connected in series to form a total water outlet path. The end of the total water inlet path is connected to the beginning of the total water outlet path through an external pipe section, thus constructing a complete cooling circulation loop.

[0151] The specific cooling process is as follows: After the heat exchange medium enters from the main inlet end, it flows sequentially through the inlet channel 111 of each heat exchanger 1, then changes direction at the outer pipe section, and then flows sequentially through the outlet channel 112 of each heat exchanger 1, finally flowing out from the main outlet end. Inside a single heat exchanger 1, the heat exchange medium relies on adjacent inlet channels 111 and outlet channels 112 to achieve efficient heat exchange, ensuring that each polarity terminal 22 receives uniform heat dissipation. For all heat exchangers 1 in the entire battery pack, the temperature difference between the inlet channel 111 and the outlet channel 112 remains stable, effectively overcoming the problem of local overheating or undercooling at both ends of the battery pack caused by the gradual temperature rise of the heat exchange medium during flow in traditional series cooling methods.

[0152] This series-connected liquid path design allows the heat exchange medium to flow sequentially through each battery component, carrying away the heat generated by each component. During the flow of the heat exchange medium, each battery component receives relatively uniform cooling, avoiding temperature differences caused by insufficient or excessive cooling of some battery components, and achieving a uniform temperature distribution across the entire battery pack.

[0153] In some other embodiments, the heat exchangers 1 may be connected in parallel.

Claims

1. A heat exchanging member, characterized by, Includes the heat exchanger body and the insulation structure disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body; The heat exchanger body has at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel. Each inlet channel and outlet channel is isolated from each other, extends along the length of the heat exchanger body, and passes through both ends of the heat exchanger body.

2. The heat exchange member according to claim 1, characterized by The insulation structure includes an insulation support layer disposed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger body and an outer insulation layer disposed on the insulation support layer; the outer insulation layer is a flexible insulation layer, and the insulation support layer has multiple hollow structures. The insulation support layer supports the flexible insulation layer, and the flexible insulation layer contacts the outer wall of the heat exchanger body through the hollow structures.

3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels are provided with functional structures, which are used to increase the heat exchange area between the heat exchanger body and the heat exchange medium. The functional structures are multiple heat dissipation racks provided on the inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels. The multiple heat dissipation racks are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels, and each heat dissipation rack extends axially along the inner walls of the inlet and outlet water channels.

4. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The insulation structure also includes an inner insulation layer attached to the outer wall of the heat exchanger body.

5. A battery component, characterized in that, The device includes a battery module, electrical connectors, and a heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 4. The battery module includes multiple individual cells, and each individual cell has a through slot on its polarity terminal. Each battery component includes two heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger is installed in a through slot where the polarity terminal of each individual battery is located on the same side. The heat exchangers achieve heat exchange with the polarity terminal of each individual battery. The electrical connector is fixed to the open end of the through slot to achieve electrical connection between individual battery cells.

6. The battery component according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are multiple electrical connectors, each of which is connected to a different polarity terminal of an adjacent single cell to achieve series connection between the single cells.

7. The battery component according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a housing; multiple individual batteries are arranged inside the housing; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery; the polarity terminals of each individual battery extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed and connected to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual battery.

8. The battery component according to claim 5, characterized in that, There are two electrical connectors, one of which is connected to the positive terminal of each individual battery cell, and the other is connected to the negative terminal of each individual battery cell, thereby realizing the parallel connection of multiple individual batteries.

9. The battery component according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a housing; multiple individual cells are arranged inside the housing; the top plate of the housing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual cell; the polarity terminals of each individual cell extend out of the corresponding clearance holes, and the area corresponding to each clearance hole on the top plate of the housing is sealed and connected to the top cover plate of the corresponding individual cell; inside the housing, the inner cavities of each individual cell are interconnected; the electrolyte and / or gas between each individual cell are shared.

10. The battery component according to claim 7 or 9, characterized in that, An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the outer casing. The polarity terminal, heat exchanger, electrical connector, and data acquisition board of the individual battery are all located inside the insulating sealant layer. The electrical connector is also connected to an electrical connection terminal, and part of the structure of the electrical connection terminal is located outside the insulating sealant layer.

11. The battery component according to claim 7 or 9, characterized in that, An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the outer casing, and the polarity terminal, heat exchange component, and electrical connector of the individual battery are located inside the insulating sealant layer; the electrical connector has a sampling column, part of the structure of the sampling column is located outside the insulating sealant layer, and is connected to the sampling plate located outside the insulating sealant layer; the electrical connector is also connected to an electrical connection terminal, part of the structure of the electrical connection terminal is located outside the insulating sealant layer.

12. The battery component according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that, The inner wall of the through groove of the polarity terminal is provided with a first step structure, the electrical connector is installed on the step surface of the first step structure, the electrical connector is provided with a second step structure, and the second step structure is welded to the side wall of the first step structure of the polarity terminal.

13. A battery pack, characterized in that, It includes multiple battery components as described in any one of claims 5 to 12; the heat exchange components on each battery component are interconnected to form a battery pack liquid circuit system to realize battery pack heat exchange.

14. The battery pack according to claim 13, characterized in that, The inlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form the total inlet water path; the outlet channels of multiple heat exchangers are connected in series to form the total outlet water path; the end of the total inlet water path is connected to the beginning of the total outlet water path through an external pipe section; after the heat exchange medium enters the total liquid inlet end, it flows through the inlet channels of each heat exchanger in sequence, and then through the external pipe section, it flows through the outlet channels of each heat exchanger in sequence, and flows out from the total liquid outlet end.

Images