Split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging equipment and temperature control method

Abstract

This invention provides a split-type liquid-cooled continuous heat dissipation system, a charging and discharging device, and a temperature control method, solving the problems of high heat dissipation costs, idle redundant battery heat dissipation capacity, and lack of a unified thermal management strategy for split-type charging and discharging devices in the prior art. The split-type liquid-cooled continuous heat dissipation system includes: a replaceable battery, which includes a BMS system and a battery liquid-cooling circuit connected to the BMS system; a liquid-cooling interface on the replaceable battery that is connected to the battery liquid-cooling pipeline; a housing structure and a base structure located on top of the housing structure; a housing liquid-cooling circuit is provided within the housing structure; a connector and a liquid-cooling joint are provided on the housing structure; the replaceable battery is mounted on the base structure; the liquid-cooling joint is connected to the liquid-cooling interface; and the battery liquid-cooling circuit and the housing liquid-cooling circuit form a complete liquid-cooling circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for power electronic equipment and thermal management technology for power batteries, and in particular to a split liquid cooling serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging equipment and temperature control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the application scale of replaceable power batteries in scenarios such as energy storage power stations, battery swapping stations, and mobile charging and discharging devices continues to expand.

[0003] In existing technologies, power batteries generally integrate a battery management system (BMS) and an independent liquid cooling circuit. This circuit uses coolant circulation to remove heat generated by the battery cells, ensuring the cells operate within a suitable temperature range. The enclosure housing the energy conversion unit is also typically equipped with a separate, complete liquid cooling system, including a circulation pump, cold source, piping components, and an independent temperature control unit. These two cooling systems operate independently and are managed separately. In some low-to-medium power scenarios, the enclosure still employs an air-cooling solution, utilizing air inlets and outlets on the enclosure and internal air ducts for convection cooling.

[0004] 1. Redundant system hardware configuration leads to high heat dissipation costs.

[0005] In the scheme of using an independent dual liquid cooling system, the charging and discharging chamber needs to be equipped with a complete liquid cooling system, including a large number of hardware such as a circulating power unit, temperature control module, and piping components. This not only occupies the limited installation space inside the chamber and increases the overall size of the equipment, but also significantly increases the material procurement cost and subsequent operation and maintenance cost, becoming one of the core factors restricting the cost reduction of charging and discharging equipment.

[0006] 2. Heat dissipation resources cannot be reused in a coordinated manner, resulting in idle and wasted redundancy.

[0007] The liquid cooling system of replaceable power batteries is typically designed based on peak heat dissipation requirements at the maximum charge / discharge rate. Under most normal operating conditions such as low-rate charge / discharge and standby, the battery's own heat dissipation capacity has significant redundancy. However, the heat generation power of the energy conversion unit on the enclosure side fluctuates dynamically with the load, and its own heat dissipation capacity is prone to insufficiency under peak conditions. The existing two independent cooling systems cannot achieve cross-current multiplexing and redundancy complementarity of heat dissipation capacity, resulting in idle and wasted heat dissipation resources on the battery side and failing to provide additional heat dissipation redundancy support for the enclosure equipment, leading to low overall heat dissipation efficiency and resource utilization.

[0008] 3. The temperature control architecture is separate, resulting in insufficient global coordinated control capabilities.

[0009] In existing technologies, battery thermal management is independently controlled by the BMS, while the heat dissipation of the enclosure equipment is independently regulated by the main control unit of the equipment. The two control systems lack deep collaborative interaction and cannot perform unified flow distribution and power adjustment based on the real-time temperature status of the global heat source. When both the battery and the equipment are under high-heat conditions, conflicts in temperature control strategies and excessively high overall heat dissipation energy consumption can easily occur. Furthermore, temperature data acquired from the enclosure side cannot directly participate in the closed-loop control of the battery liquid cooling system, making it difficult to achieve unified scheduling of the entire heat dissipation loop by a single control unit. This results in significant bottlenecks in improving temperature control accuracy and dynamic response speed. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a split liquid cooling serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging equipment and temperature control method, so as to solve the problems of high heat dissipation cost, idle battery redundant heat dissipation capacity and lack of unified thermal management strategy in the prior art.

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system, comprising:

[0012] A replaceable battery, the replaceable battery including a BMS system and a battery liquid cooling circuit connected to the BMS system, the replaceable battery being provided with a liquid cooling interface connected to the battery liquid cooling pipeline;

[0013] The enclosure includes a housing structure and a base structure located on top of the housing structure. The housing structure contains a liquid cooling circuit, and connectors and liquid cooling joints are mounted on the housing structure. The replaceable battery is mounted on the base structure. The liquid cooling joints are connected to the liquid cooling interface. The battery liquid cooling circuit and the housing liquid cooling circuit form a complete liquid cooling circuit. The BMS system controls the flow rate of the coolant in the complete liquid cooling circuit based on temperature information and removes the heat generated by the housing structure during operation. This allows for the reuse of the replaceable battery liquid cooling system, provides heat dissipation redundancy, eliminates the need for a separate liquid cooling system within the housing structure, and reduces heat dissipation costs.

[0014] As a more preferred embodiment, the replaceable battery includes a circulation pump connected to the battery's liquid cooling circuit. This circulation pump is electrically connected to the BMS system to drive the coolant flow within the complete liquid cooling circuit. The advantage lies in integrating the circulation pump onto the replaceable battery side and connecting it electrically to the BMS system, allowing the BMS to directly drive the pump and control the coolant flow. This design eliminates the need for an additional liquid cooling power source within the enclosure structure, further simplifying the enclosure's structural design and reducing hardware costs. Simultaneously, the BMS can directly and precisely control the circulation pump's output power, resulting in faster temperature control response and higher flow rate adjustment accuracy, ensuring the liquid cooling circuit's heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control accuracy.

[0015] As a more preferred approach, a temperature acquisition unit is also provided inside the enclosure structure.

[0016] As a preferred option, the liquid cooling connector and liquid cooling interface are waterproof quick-connect connectors. The advantage of this design is that using a waterproof quick-connect structure for the connection between the liquid cooling connector and the liquid cooling interface allows for quick and sealed connection of the liquid cooling circuit during the installation of replaceable batteries. This structure offers convenient and efficient assembly and disassembly, eliminating the need for additional pipe tightening procedures. It also provides excellent waterproof sealing performance, effectively preventing coolant leakage and external moisture intrusion, ensuring the operational reliability of the liquid cooling circuit, and making it suitable for high-frequency usage scenarios involving frequent battery replacements.

[0017] As a preferred approach, the replaceable battery is a power battery, which fully utilizes the redundant heat dissipation of the power battery when used as an energy storage unit. The advantage lies in the fact that using a power battery as a replaceable battery fully leverages the redundant heat dissipation capacity inherent in the power battery as an energy storage unit, reusing the battery's mature liquid cooling system for heat dissipation in the enclosure. This design maximizes the use of the power battery's existing heat dissipation resources, avoids idle and wasted heat dissipation capacity, further improves the cost-effectiveness of the heat dissipation system, and, given the power battery's high energy density and stable heat dissipation performance, can continuously provide reliable heat dissipation power to the enclosure.

[0018] To address the above problems, the present invention also provides a charging and discharging device, comprising:

[0019] The aforementioned split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system has a connection interface on the replaceable battery that matches the connector.

[0020] An energy conversion unit is disposed within the housing structure and electrically connected to the connector. The energy conversion unit is electrically connected to the BMS system via the connector. A split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system is used to remove the heat generated by the energy conversion unit during operation.

[0021] As a preferred approach, the BMS system communicates with the energy conversion unit via a CAN bus to achieve power control and status interaction. Its advantages lie in the strong anti-interference capability and stable, reliable transmission offered by using the CAN bus for communication between the BMS system and the energy conversion unit. This communication method efficiently enables precise control of charging and discharging power and real-time interaction with equipment operating status, ensuring accurate transmission of temperature control and power limiting commands. This effectively improves the stability of charging and discharging equipment operation and the response accuracy of temperature control closed-loop systems, meeting the high-reliability communication requirements of industrial-grade power equipment.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the connector and liquid-cooling connector are located at the top of the base structure, while the connection interface and liquid-cooling interface are located at the bottom of the replaceable battery. When the replaceable battery is placed on the base, the connector and connection interface, and the liquid-cooling interface and liquid-cooling connector automatically align and connect. The advantage is that by integrating the connector and liquid-cooling connector at the top of the base structure, and correspondingly placing the connection interface and liquid-cooling interface at the bottom of the replaceable battery, the electrical and liquid-cooling pathways are automatically aligned and connected when the battery is in place. This design eliminates the need for manual insertion, significantly simplifying the battery installation and replacement process, reducing operational difficulty, and providing higher alignment accuracy. This effectively avoids problems such as poor contact and coolant leakage caused by improper manual insertion, improving equipment maintenance efficiency and operational reliability.

[0023] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention also provides a temperature control method applied to the aforementioned charging and discharging equipment, comprising the following closed-loop steps:

[0024] The upper limit of the current is set according to the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery, which is 50% to 70% of the rated discharge current; at the same time, the upper limit of the temperature is set according to the different models of the replaceable batteries.

[0025] The BMS system monitors the cell temperature. When the cell temperature reaches the set upper limit, the upper limit of the current of the replaceable battery is dynamically reduced, and a command is output to the energy conversion unit. The limiter discharge current is less than the upper limit of the current, forming temperature negative feedback and realizing closed-loop control of the rate.

[0026] As a more preferred approach, the temperature control method of the present invention further includes the following collaborative steps: calculating liquid cooling redundancy based on the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery and the current discharge current; real-time monitoring of the temperature of the battery cell and energy conversion unit through the BMS system, calculating the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source, and adjusting the liquid cooling operating power through the BMS system according to the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source, prioritizing the heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit; its beneficial effect is that by calculating liquid cooling redundancy and dynamically adjusting the liquid cooling operating power in conjunction with the real-time heat dissipation requirements of multiple heat sources, collaborative temperature control management of multiple heat sources in the battery cell and energy conversion unit is achieved. Adopting a scheduling strategy that prioritizes the heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit can ensure the stable operating temperature of the core power conversion device, avoid overheating failure of the energy conversion unit, maximize the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling system, improve the utilization efficiency of heat dissipation resources, and achieve balanced temperature control of multiple heat sources.

[0027] As described above, the split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging device, and temperature control method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system of this invention connects the liquid cooling circuit of the replaceable battery with the liquid cooling circuit of the enclosure structure, forming a complete liquid cooling circuit through the connection of the liquid cooling interface and liquid cooling connector. Combined with the BMS system to dynamically regulate the coolant flow rate, it efficiently removes the heat generated by the enclosure structure during operation. This design enables cross-device reuse of the replaceable battery liquid cooling system, providing sufficient heat dissipation redundancy for the enclosure side and eliminating the need for a separate independent liquid cooling system within the enclosure structure. This not only significantly reduces the hardware cost and structural complexity of the overall heat dissipation system but also takes into account the modular disassembly and assembly characteristics of the replaceable battery, improving the ease of equipment operation and maintenance.

[0029] The charging and discharging device of this invention applies the aforementioned split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system to the charging and discharging device. It relies on the reusable liquid cooling circuit of the replaceable battery to remove the heat generated by the energy conversion unit during operation, and uses connectors and connection interfaces to achieve synchronous connection of electrical paths. This design eliminates the need for a separate independent heat dissipation system for the energy conversion unit, significantly reducing the hardware cost and internal space occupied by the charging and discharging device. Furthermore, the switching of electrical connections and liquid cooling paths can be completed simultaneously during battery replacement, significantly improving the modular maintenance efficiency of the charging and discharging device.

[0030] The temperature control method of this invention sets a current upper limit threshold of 50% to 70% of the rated discharge current, combined with a dynamic current limiting mechanism triggered by cell temperature, to form a closed-loop control of the rate with temperature negative feedback. This method effectively avoids overheating damage to the cell due to continuous high-rate discharge while ensuring the battery's basic discharge capacity. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional heat dissipation hardware, achieving a balance between temperature and discharge power solely through software-level current regulation. The control logic is simple and reliable, effectively protecting the battery cell and extending battery life.

[0031] The split liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging equipment, and temperature control method of the present invention solve the problems of high heat dissipation cost, idle battery redundant heat dissipation capacity, and lack of unified thermal management strategy in the prior art by interconnecting the liquid cooling pipelines and using a unified BMS system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the split liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system and charging / discharging device of the present invention from a general perspective.

[0033] Figure 2 Displayed as Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 3 The image shown is a front view of the split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system and charging / discharging device of the present invention.

[0035] Component designation explanation

[0036] 1 Replaceable battery 2 Box structure 21 Energy conversion unit 3 Base structure 31 connector 32 Liquid cooling connector Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0038] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. The following detailed description should not be considered restrictive, and the scope of the embodiments of this application is limited only by the claims of the published patents. The terminology used herein is for describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. Spatial terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "below," "below," "lower part," "above," "upper part," etc., may be used in the text to illustrate the relationship between one element or feature shown in the figures and another element or feature.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "holding" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Furthermore, as used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It should be further understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” indicate the presence of the stated feature, operation, element, component, item, kind, and / or group, but do not preclude the presence, occurrence, or addition of one or more other features, operations, elements, components, items, kinds, and / or groups. The terms “or” and “and / or” as used herein are interpreted as inclusive, or mean any one or any combination thereof. Thus, “A, B, or C” or “A, B, and / or C” means “any one of: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C.” Exceptions to this definition arise only when combinations of elements, functions, or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some manner.

[0041] Definitions:

[0042] <bms>Battery Management System (BMS) is the core control component of power batteries and energy storage battery systems. It is equivalent to the "brain" of the battery pack and is responsible for monitoring, controlling and protecting the battery's operating status throughout its entire life cycle.

[0043] <pcs>A Power Conversion System (PCS) is a core power device in an energy storage system that enables bidirectional conversion between AC and DC power. Specifically, the battery outputs DC power, while the grid / load uses AC power. The PCS can either rectify the grid AC power into DC power to charge the battery, or invert the battery DC power into AC power for grid connection or to power a load.

[0044] <can>Controller Area Network (CNN) is an asynchronous serial fieldbus developed by Bosch and standardized according to ISO 11898. It is one of the most widely used communication buses in the automotive and industrial control fields.

[0045] <dcdc>A Direct Current to Direct Current Converter (DC-DC converter) is a core power electronic device that enables the conversion of DC power at different voltage levels. It uses high-frequency switching control of power semiconductor switches, in conjunction with passive energy storage components such as inductors and capacitors, to complete the conversion and regulated output of electrical energy.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system, comprising:

[0047] A replaceable battery 1, the replaceable battery 1 includes a BMS system and a battery liquid cooling circuit connected to the BMS system, and the replaceable battery 1 is provided with a liquid cooling interface that is connected to the battery liquid cooling pipeline.

[0048] The enclosure structure 2 and the base structure 3 located on top of the enclosure structure 2 are provided. The enclosure structure 2 is equipped with an enclosure liquid cooling circuit and a temperature acquisition unit. The enclosure structure 2 is equipped with a connector 31 and a liquid cooling connector 32. The replaceable battery 1 is located on the base structure 3. The liquid cooling connector 32 is connected to the liquid cooling interface. The battery liquid cooling circuit and the enclosure liquid cooling circuit form a complete liquid cooling circuit. The BMS system controls the flow rate of the coolant in the complete liquid cooling circuit based on the temperature information provided by the temperature acquisition unit and removes the heat generated by the operation of the enclosure structure 2. This realizes the reuse of the liquid cooling system of the replaceable battery 1, provides heat dissipation redundancy, eliminates the need to set up a separate liquid cooling system in the enclosure structure 2, and reduces heat dissipation costs.

[0049] To better illustrate the split-type liquid-cooled serial cooling system of this invention, the following specific application will be used as an example: The split-type liquid-cooled serial cooling system of this invention connects the liquid cooling circuit of the replaceable battery 1 with the liquid cooling circuit of the enclosure structure 2 via a liquid cooling interface and a liquid cooling connector 32 to form a complete liquid cooling circuit. Combined with the BMS system and temperature information from the temperature acquisition unit, the system dynamically adjusts the coolant flow rate to efficiently remove the heat generated by the enclosure structure 2 during operation. This design enables cross-device reuse of the liquid cooling system of the replaceable battery 1, providing sufficient heat dissipation redundancy for the enclosure side and eliminating the need for a separate independent liquid cooling system within the enclosure structure 2. This not only significantly reduces the hardware cost and structural complexity of the overall cooling system but also takes into account the modular disassembly and assembly characteristics of the replaceable battery 1, improving the ease of equipment maintenance.

[0050] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the replaceable battery 1 includes a circulation pump connected to the battery's liquid cooling circuit. The circulation pump is electrically connected to the BMS system to drive the coolant flow within the complete liquid cooling circuit. Its advantage lies in integrating the circulation pump onto the replaceable battery 1 side and connecting it electrically to the BMS system, allowing the BMS to directly drive the circulation pump and control the coolant flow. This design eliminates the need for an additional liquid cooling power source within the housing structure 2, further simplifying the structural design and reducing hardware costs at the housing end. Simultaneously, the BMS can directly and precisely control the circulation pump's output power, resulting in faster temperature control response and higher flow rate adjustment accuracy, ensuring the heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control accuracy of the liquid cooling circuit.

[0051] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the enclosure structure 2 adopts a fully sealed design, and the liquid cooling reuse eliminates the need for air inlets, exhaust vents, and air ducts required for conventional air cooling. Its advantage lies in the fact that, through the fully sealed enclosure design, the liquid cooling reuse solution completely replaces the traditional air cooling mode, eliminating the need for air inlets, exhaust vents, and internal air ducts. This structure fundamentally eliminates the risk of dust, moisture, and foreign objects entering the enclosure, effectively improving the equipment's protection level and adaptability to complex environments. Simultaneously, it simplifies the enclosure's processing and sealing design, reduces manufacturing costs, and is suitable for harsh outdoor usage scenarios such as dusty and humid environments.

[0052] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the liquid cooling connector 32 and the liquid cooling interface are waterproof quick-connect connectors. The advantage of this design is that using a waterproof quick-connect structure for the connection between the liquid cooling connector 32 and the liquid cooling interface allows for quick and sealed connection of the liquid cooling circuit during the installation of the replaceable battery 1. This structure is convenient and efficient to install and remove, requiring no additional pipe tightening procedures. It also possesses excellent waterproof sealing performance, effectively preventing coolant leakage and external moisture intrusion, ensuring the operational reliability of the liquid cooling circuit, and is suitable for high-frequency usage scenarios involving frequent battery replacements.

[0053] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the replaceable battery 1 uses a power battery to fully utilize the redundant heat dissipation of the power battery when used as an energy storage unit. Its advantage lies in the fact that using a power battery as the replaceable battery 1 fully leverages the redundant heat dissipation capacity inherent in the power battery as an energy storage unit, reusing the battery's mature liquid cooling system for heat dissipation in the enclosure. This design maximizes the use of the existing heat dissipation resources of the power battery, avoids idle and wasted heat dissipation capacity, further improves the cost-effectiveness of the heat dissipation system, and, at the same time, the power battery has high energy density and stable heat dissipation performance, continuously providing reliable heat dissipation power to the enclosure side.

[0054] To solve the above problems, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a charging and discharging device, comprising:

[0055] In the aforementioned split-type liquid cooling heat dissipation system, the replaceable battery 1 is provided with a connection interface that matches the connector 31.

[0056] An energy conversion unit 21 is disposed inside the housing structure 2 and electrically connected to the connector 31. The energy conversion unit 21 is electrically connected to the BMS system through the connector 31. A split liquid cooling serial heat dissipation system is used to remove the heat generated by the energy conversion unit 21 during operation.

[0057] To better illustrate the charging and discharging device of the present invention, the following specific application will be used as an example: The charging and discharging device of the present invention applies the aforementioned split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system to the charging and discharging device. It relies on the reusable liquid cooling circuit of the replaceable battery 1 to remove the heat generated by the energy conversion unit 21 during operation, and coordinates with the connector 31 and connection interface to achieve synchronous connection of the electrical path. This design eliminates the need for a separate independent heat dissipation system for the energy conversion unit 21, significantly reducing the hardware cost and internal space occupation of the charging and discharging device. Simultaneously, the switching of electrical connection and liquid cooling path can be completed simultaneously when the battery is replaced, significantly improving the modular maintenance efficiency of the charging and discharging device.

[0058] As a preferred approach, the BMS system communicates with the energy conversion unit 21 via a CAN bus to achieve power control and status interaction. Its advantages lie in the strong anti-interference capability and stable, reliable transmission offered by using the CAN bus for communication between the BMS system and the energy conversion unit 21. This communication method efficiently enables precise control of charging and discharging power and real-time interaction with equipment operating status, ensuring accurate transmission of temperature control and power limiting commands. This effectively improves the stability of the charging and discharging equipment and the response accuracy of the temperature control closed-loop, meeting the high-reliability communication requirements of industrial-grade power equipment.

[0059] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the connector 31 and liquid-cooling connector 32 are located on the top of the base structure 3, and the connection interface and liquid-cooling interface are located on the bottom of the replaceable battery 1. When the replaceable battery 1 is placed on the base, the connector 31 and the connection interface, and the liquid-cooling interface and the liquid-cooling connector 32 automatically align and connect. The advantage is that by integrating the connector 31 and liquid-cooling connector 32 on the top of the base structure 3, and correspondingly setting the connection interface and liquid-cooling interface on the bottom of the replaceable battery 1, the electrical and liquid-cooling pathways are automatically aligned and connected when the battery is in place. This design eliminates the need for manual insertion, significantly simplifying the battery installation and replacement process, reducing operational difficulty, and providing higher alignment accuracy. This effectively avoids problems such as poor contact and coolant leakage caused by improper manual insertion, improving equipment maintenance efficiency and operational reliability.

[0060] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the energy conversion unit adopts a PCS bidirectional unit. Its advantages lie in the fact that using a PCS bidirectional unit as the energy conversion unit 21 enables bidirectional charging and discharging energy conversion between the battery and the grid, adapting to various application scenarios such as energy storage grid connection, backup power supply, and peak-valley arbitrage. Combined with a split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, it can efficiently remove the heat generated by the PCS bidirectional unit during high-power operation, ensuring stable operating temperature of core components under bidirectional converter conditions, effectively extending the service life of power components, and improving the long-term reliability of the equipment.

[0061] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the energy conversion unit adopts a DC-DC converter. Its advantages lie in the fact that using a DC-DC converter as the energy conversion unit 21 enables DC power conversion at different voltage levels, adapting to specific application requirements such as DC charging and discharging, and voltage conversion. Combined with a reusable liquid cooling system, precise temperature control and heat dissipation can be achieved for the power devices of the DC-DC converter, preventing overheating and failure during voltage conversion, and effectively improving the equipment's operational stability and power conversion efficiency under DC-DC conversion conditions.

[0062] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the temperature acquisition unit is electrically connected to the BMS system via the connector 31 and the connection interface. Its advantage lies in the fact that the power supply and signal transmission of the temperature acquisition unit are synchronously achieved through the connection between connector 31 and the connection interface, eliminating the need for dedicated wiring and interfaces for temperature acquisition. This design further simplifies the interface design between the enclosure and the battery, reducing the number of connection points. Simultaneously, the temperature signal can be directly transmitted to the BMS system, resulting in a shorter temperature control signal transmission link, more timely temperature control response, and ensuring the synchronization and accuracy of temperature acquisition and liquid cooling control.

[0063] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention also provides a temperature control method applied to the aforementioned charging and discharging equipment, comprising the following closed-loop steps:

[0064] Based on the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery 1, its upper limit current is set, which is 50% to 70% of the rated discharge current; at the same time, the upper limit temperature is set according to different models of the replaceable battery 1.

[0065] The BMS system monitors the cell temperature. When the cell temperature reaches the set upper limit, the upper limit of the current of the replaceable battery 1 is dynamically reduced, and a command is output to the energy conversion unit 21. The limiter discharge current is less than the upper limit of the current, forming temperature negative feedback and realizing rate closed-loop control.

[0066] To better illustrate the temperature control method of this invention, the following specific application will be used as an example: This temperature control method sets a current upper limit threshold of 50% to 70% of the rated discharge current, combined with a dynamic current limiting mechanism triggered by cell temperature, to form a closed-loop control of the rate with negative temperature feedback. This method effectively avoids overheating damage to the cell due to continuous high-rate discharge while ensuring the battery's basic discharge capacity. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for additional heat dissipation hardware, achieving a balance between temperature and discharge power solely through software-level current regulation. The control logic is simple and reliable, effectively protecting the battery cell and extending battery life. The split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging equipment, and temperature control method of this invention, through the interconnection of liquid cooling pipelines and a unified BMS system, solve the problems of high heat dissipation costs, idle redundant battery heat dissipation capacity, and the lack of a unified thermal management strategy for split-type charging and discharging equipment in the prior art.

[0067] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the temperature control method of the present invention further includes the following collaborative steps: calculating liquid cooling redundancy based on the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery 1 and the current discharge current; real-time monitoring of the temperature of the battery cell and the energy conversion unit 21 through the BMS system, calculating the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source, and adjusting the liquid cooling operating power through the BMS system according to the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source, prioritizing the heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit 21; its beneficial effect is that by calculating the liquid cooling redundancy and dynamically adjusting the liquid cooling operating power in combination with the real-time heat dissipation requirements of multiple heat sources, collaborative temperature control management of multiple heat sources of the battery cell and the energy conversion unit 21 is achieved. Adopting a scheduling strategy that prioritizes the heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit 21 can ensure the stable operating temperature of the core power conversion device, avoid overheating failure of the energy conversion unit 21, maximize the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling system, improve the utilization efficiency of heat dissipation resources, and achieve balanced temperature control of multiple heat sources.

[0068] More specifically, the present invention provides the following specific scenarios: This embodiment is a split-type liquid-cooled redundant energy storage system for outdoor industrial and commercial scenarios, and its application environment and prerequisites are as follows:

[0069] • Typical operating conditions: Outdoor industrial and commercial plant area, ambient temperature -20℃~45℃, relative humidity ≤95%, with dust, short-term rainfall, and diurnal temperature fluctuations;

[0070] •System composition: Split-type commercial vehicle power battery pack, IP65-rated fully sealed energy storage cabinet, 125kW PCS module, liquid-cooled quick-connect connector, BMS and liquid-cooled pump group controller.

[0071] • Initial state:

[0072] 1. The battery pack and cabinet are connected to the liquid cooling circuit via a quick-connect water connector. The system pressure test is successful and there are no leaks.

[0073] 2. The BMS, PCS, and liquid cooling pump unit have completed power-on self-tests, and the communication links are normal.

[0074] 3. The battery SOC is in the range of 30% to 90%, and the initial cell temperature is between 25℃ and 35℃;

[0075] 4. The liquid cooling pump unit is in a low-speed standby state, and the coolant temperature is stable at 25℃~30℃.

[0076] Triggering condition: When the 15-minute sliding average power on the transformer side reaches 85% of the rated capacity, the system automatically enters the demand control mode, and the PCS switches from standby to bidirectional operation.

[0077] And in this scenario, it has these advantages:

[0078] 1. Enhanced safety and reliability: The maximum cell temperature is controlled below 45℃, reducing temperature rise by 8-10℃ and thermal degradation rate by over 30% compared to the traditional 0.5C solution; ample rate redundancy ensures stable 0.6C power output across the entire temperature range of -20℃ to 45℃ without power derating protection. 2. Significantly reduced heat dissipation costs: Reusing battery liquid cooling redundancy eliminates the need for a separate PCS liquid cooling unit, reducing overall heat dissipation system material costs by 25% and power consumption by 40%; liquid cooling system utilization increases from less than 60% to nearly 100%, significantly improving system energy efficiency. 3. Improved protection level and environmental adaptability: A fully sealed IP65 structure with no heat dissipation vents allows direct application in outdoor dusty, humid, and short-term rainfall environments, reducing equipment failure rate by over 50%; the split structure facilitates maintenance, allowing for individual disassembly and repair of the battery pack without affecting the cabinet and PCS system operation.

[0079] As described above, the split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system, charging and discharging device, and temperature control method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0080] 1. Liquid cooling systems can be reused across units, reducing costs, improving efficiency, and increasing resource utilization.

[0081] By connecting the liquid cooling circuit of the replaceable battery 1 with the liquid cooling circuit of the enclosure to form a complete liquid cooling path, the mature liquid cooling system on the battery side is reused to dissipate heat from the enclosure equipment, eliminating the need for a separate independent liquid cooling system for the enclosure, which greatly reduces the overall heat dissipation hardware cost and structural complexity. Using a power battery can fully utilize its redundant heat dissipation capacity, avoid idle and wasteful heat dissipation resources, and at the same time provide sufficient heat dissipation redundancy for the enclosure side, improving the overall cost-effectiveness of the heat dissipation system.

[0082] 2. Precise and efficient temperature control with excellent response speed and adjustment accuracy.

[0083] The battery-side BMS system, combined with real-time temperature data from the temperature acquisition unit, directly drives the integrated circulation pump within the battery to dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate, eliminating the need for an additional liquid cooling power source within the enclosure. The temperature control command link is short, resulting in high flow rate adjustment accuracy and fast response, precisely matching real-time heat dissipation requirements. Signal transmission from the temperature acquisition unit is synchronously achieved via a docking interface, further ensuring the synchronization and accuracy of temperature acquisition and liquid cooling control.

[0084] 3. The fully sealed enclosure enhances the protection level and makes it suitable for complex and harsh environments.

[0085] The fully sealed enclosure structure 2 completely replaces the traditional air-cooled heat dissipation mode with a liquid cooling reuse solution. There is no need to open air inlets and exhaust outlets or build internal air ducts, which eliminates the risk of dust, moisture and foreign objects entering the enclosure from the root and effectively improves the protection level of the equipment. At the same time, it simplifies the enclosure processing and sealing design, reduces production and manufacturing costs, and can be adapted to harsh outdoor use scenarios such as dusty and humid environments.

[0086] 4. Modular and automatic docking design, convenient operation and maintenance and reliable operation.

[0087] The liquid cooling docking system adopts a waterproof quick-connect connector structure, which has excellent sealing performance and is easy to install and disassemble. At the same time, the electrical connector 31 and the liquid cooling connector 32 are integrated on the top of the base structure 3, and the corresponding interface is set on the bottom of the replaceable battery 1. Once the battery is placed in place, the electrical and liquid cooling paths are automatically aligned and connected, eliminating the need for manual insertion and pipe tightening. This simplifies the battery replacement process and avoids problems such as poor contact and coolant leakage caused by improper manual insertion. It is suitable for high-frequency battery swapping scenarios and improves equipment maintenance efficiency and operational reliability.

[0088] 5. Multi-heat source coordinated temperature control strategy, balancing device protection and resource efficiency.

[0089] The accompanying temperature control method adopts a closed-loop control mechanism with temperature negative feedback, setting an upper current limit threshold of 50%~70% of the rated discharge current. Combined with the dynamic limitation of discharge current by cell temperature, it avoids overheating damage to the cell due to continuous high-rate discharge while ensuring the basic discharge capacity of the battery, thus extending the battery life. At the same time, it can calculate the redundancy of liquid cooling heat dissipation and dynamically adjust the liquid cooling power according to the real-time heat dissipation needs of the cell and the energy conversion unit 21, giving priority to heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit 21, realizing balanced management of multiple heat sources, and maximizing the utilization efficiency of heat dissipation resources.

[0090] 6. Stable communication and wide adaptability to various scenarios, with strong equipment reliability.

[0091] The BMS system and the energy conversion unit 21 are communicated via a CAN bus, which has strong anti-interference capabilities and stable and reliable transmission, ensuring accurate transmission of power control and temperature control commands and meeting the high-reliability communication requirements of industrial-grade power equipment. The system is compatible with both PCS bidirectional units and DC-DC conversion units, and can be adapted to various application scenarios such as energy storage grid connection and DC voltage conversion, ensuring the temperature stability of core components under high-power operation conditions and improving the long-term reliability of the equipment.

[0092] This patent, through its core design of split-type liquid-cooled serial multiplexing, combined with a modular automatic docking structure, precise closed-loop temperature control strategy, and multi-heat source collaborative management mechanism, effectively reduces the cost of the heat dissipation system and simplifies the equipment structure, while significantly improving the equipment's protection performance, operation and maintenance efficiency, and operational stability. It solves the technical problems of high heat dissipation cost, idle battery redundant heat dissipation capacity, and lack of unified thermal management strategy in existing split-type charging and discharging equipment.

[0093] Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0094] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.< / dcdc> < / can> < / pcs> < / bms>

Claims

1. A split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system, characterized in that, include: A replaceable battery (1) includes a BMS system and a battery liquid cooling circuit connected to the BMS system. The replaceable battery (1) is provided with a liquid cooling interface that is connected to the battery liquid cooling pipeline. The enclosure structure (2) and the base structure (3) are provided on the top of the enclosure structure (2). The enclosure structure (2) is provided with a liquid cooling circuit. The enclosure structure (2) is provided with a connector (31) and a liquid cooling connector (32). The replaceable battery (1) is provided on the base structure (3). The liquid cooling connector (32) is connected to the liquid cooling interface. The battery liquid cooling circuit and the enclosure liquid cooling circuit form a complete liquid cooling circuit.

2. The split-type liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replaceable battery (1) includes a circulation pump connected to the battery liquid cooling circuit, the circulation pump being electrically connected to the BMS system to drive coolant to flow in the complete liquid cooling circuit.

3. The split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature acquisition unit is also installed inside the box structure (2).

4. The split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling connector (32) and the liquid cooling interface are waterproof quick-connect connectors.

5. The split-type liquid-cooled cross-flow heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replaceable battery (1) is a power battery, so as to make full use of the redundant heat dissipation of the power battery when it is used as an energy storage.

6. A charging and discharging device, characterized in that, include: The split liquid-cooled serial heat dissipation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the replaceable battery (1) is provided with a connection interface that matches the connector (31); Energy conversion unit (21) is located inside the housing structure (2) and is electrically connected to the connector (31). The energy conversion unit (21) is electrically connected to the BMS system through the connector (31). The heat generated by the energy conversion unit (21) during operation is removed by a split liquid cooling serial heat dissipation system.

7. The charging and discharging device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The BMS system communicates with the energy conversion unit (21) via the CAN bus to achieve power control and status interaction.

8. The charging and discharging device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connector (31) and the liquid cooling connector (32) are located on the top of the base structure (3), and the connection interface and the liquid cooling interface are located on the bottom of the replaceable battery (1). When the replaceable battery (1) is placed on the base, the connector (31) and the connection interface, and the liquid cooling interface and the liquid cooling connector (32) are automatically aligned and connected.

9. A temperature control method, applied to the charging and discharging device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, include: The following closed-loop steps: The upper limit of the current is set according to the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery (1), and the upper limit of the current is 50% to 70% of the rated discharge current; at the same time, the upper limit of the temperature is set according to the different models of the replaceable battery (1). The BMS system monitors the cell temperature. When the cell temperature reaches the set upper limit, the upper limit of the current of the replaceable battery (1) is dynamically reduced, and the command is output to the energy conversion unit (21). The limiter discharge current is less than the upper limit of the current, forming temperature negative feedback and realizing rate closed-loop control.

10. A temperature control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes the following collaborative steps: Calculate the liquid cooling redundancy based on the rated discharge current of the replaceable battery (1) and the current discharge current. The temperature of the battery cell and the energy conversion unit (21) is detected in real time by the BMS system, and the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source are calculated. Based on the heat dissipation requirements of each heat source, the liquid cooling power is adjusted by the BMS system, and the heat dissipation of the energy conversion unit (21) is prioritized.

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