A method and system for protecting battery compartments with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of energy storage system technology, specifically to a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage. The system includes: a data sampling layer; a zoned management layer; a risk assessment layer; a liquid-cooled linkage layer; a wind path isolation layer; a fire suppression linkage layer; and a recovery confirmation layer. Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage, enabling zoned thermal risk identification and control, avoiding the crude handling of uniform action across the entire compartment; suppressing local hotspots through enhanced liquid cooling, reducing the probability of ineffective discharge; reducing heat diffusion and extinguishing medium loss through sequential linkage of wind path isolation and fire suppression; and forming a closed-loop safety link of "assessment—liquid cooling enhancement—wind path isolation—fire suppression—recovery confirmation".

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage system technology, specifically to a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid-cooled energy storage cabinets and containerized energy storage systems are typically equipped with liquid cooling systems, ventilation systems, and fire protection systems to address localized hotspots, heat diffusion, and fire hazards within the storage compartment.

[0003] Although the existing system has functions such as temperature monitoring, liquid cooling regulation and fire spraying, most of them operate independently according to their own logic and lack a unified sequential linkage relationship.

[0004] In actual operation, thermal anomalies often go through stages such as local temperature rise, heat exchange deterioration, gas accumulation and smoke appearance. If the control sequence is not reasonable, it can easily lead to hot spot diffusion, ineffective discharge or media loss. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage. This system enables thermal risk identification and control by zone, avoiding the crude handling of uniform action across the entire compartment. It first suppresses local hot spots through liquid cooling enhancement, reducing the probability of ineffective discharge. It reduces heat diffusion and loss of extinguishing medium through sequential linkage of airflow isolation and fire suppression discharge. This forms a closed-loop safety link of "judgment - liquid cooling enhancement - airflow isolation - fire suppression discharge - recovery confirmation".

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage is designed. Other features include the following:

[0007] Data sampling layer: Collects zone temperature, temperature rise rate, liquid cooling inlet and outlet temperatures, flow rate, smoke concentration, combustible gas concentration, and actuator status;

[0008] Zoning Management Layer: Establish zoning objects within the cabin and maintain the mapping relationship between zoning and liquid cooling branches, air valves, and fire actuators;

[0009] Risk assessment layer: Calculates the thermal risk index for each zone and outputs the risk level;

[0010] Liquid-cooled linkage layer: Implements flow redistribution, liquid supply temperature reduction, and pump speed increase in the early stages of a risk event;

[0011] Airflow isolation layer: After the risk escalates, adjacent air valves are closed, fans are stopped, and fresh air inflow is restricted;

[0012] Fire-fighting linkage layer: Triggers the spraying of the target zone and maintains isolation after the spraying conditions are met;

[0013] Recovery confirmation layer: Determines whether to resume normal operation based on the temperature, gas, and smoke levels.

[0014] The battery compartment protection method process is as follows:

[0015] S1, Partition Status Acquisition: The data acquisition layer uses a fixed acquisition cycle. Periodically acquire the real-time status of each partition;

[0016] S2, the partition management layer establishes partition objects based on the physical layout of the battery compartment according to the division of module location, liquid cooling branch, air duct area, and fire protection coverage area;

[0017] S3, Thermal Risk Assessment: The risk assessment layer calculates a comprehensive thermal risk index for each partition z at each sampling time k. And based on comprehensive thermal risk indicators It implements one of the following modes: liquid cooling enhancement control, air duct isolation control, and fire-fighting sequential linkage.

[0018] S4, Liquid Cooling Enhancement Control: Includes target zone flow rate increase, liquid supply temperature reduction, pump speed increase, and flow rate transfer between adjacent zones;

[0019] S5, Air Path Isolation Control: Includes closing adjacent air valves, stopping fans, closing fresh air inlets, locking doors, and recording isolation status;

[0020] S6, Fire Sequence Linkage: Includes confirming that the air duct isolation is complete, maintaining the liquid cooling suppression state, triggering the target zone spray, maintaining the isolation state, and recording the spray event;

[0021] S7, Recovery Confirmation: After the fire spraying is completed and the isolation time has ended, the recovery confirmation layer determines whether to resume normal operation based on the decline trend of multiple status variables.

[0022] In step S1, the specific content collected includes:

[0023] S11, Temperature data: Readings from multiple temperature sensors arranged within each zone. Where z is the partition number and k is the sampling time number. Given the number of temperature sensors within partition z, the system takes the highest value from each sensor as the representative temperature of the partition. ;in, Let be the representative temperature of each z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, in °C; The reading of the j-th temperature sensor within partition z, in °C; The number of temperature sensors within partition z;

[0024] S12, Temperature rise rate: Calculated based on the temperature difference between two adjacent sampling times: ;in, Let be the temperature rise rate of the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, in °C / s; The current temperature is expressed in °C. Temperature at the previous sampling time, in °C; The sampling period is expressed in seconds (s).

[0025] S13, Liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference: Collect the inlet and outlet temperatures of each liquid cooling branch and calculate the heat exchange temperature difference: ;in, The liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference of the z-th partition is expressed in °C. Coolant outlet temperature, in °C; Coolant inlet temperature, in °C;

[0026] S14, Smoke Concentration: Concentration values ​​output by smoke detectors in each zone. The unit is %obs / m;

[0027] S15, Combustible gas concentration: Concentration values ​​output by the combustible gas detectors in each zone. Units are ppm or %LEL;

[0028] S16, Liquid cooling branch flow rate: Actual flow rate of liquid cooling branches in each zone. Unit: L / min;

[0029] S17, Actuator status: liquid-cooled valve position, air valve on / off status, fan running status, fire cylinder pressure, and discharge valve status.

[0030] In step S3, the original state variables are normalized:

[0031] S31, Normalized temperature calculation: ;in, This is the minimum reference temperature for normal operation. This is a reference value for the critical temperature of thermal runaway;

[0032] S32, Normalized temperature rise calculation: ;in, =0, This is a reference value for the maximum rate of temperature rise before thermal runaway;

[0033] S33, Normalized heat transfer temperature difference calculation: ;

[0034] S34, Normalized smoke concentration calculation: ;

[0035] S35, Calculation of normalized combustible gas concentration: ;

[0036] S36, the comprehensive thermal risk index is calculated using the following weighted summation formula: ;in, Let be the thermal risk index of the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, with a value range of [0,1]. Normalized temperature index; This is a normalized temperature rise rate index; This is a normalized heat transfer temperature difference index; This is a normalized smoke concentration index; This is a normalized index for combustible gas concentration. , , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying + + + + =1.

[0037] In step S4, the liquid cooling enhancement control performs the following actions:

[0038] S41, Target Zone Flow Increase: Based on the extent to which the risk indicator exceeds the first-level threshold, increase the liquid cooling flow rate of the target zone proportionally. The flow command is calculated using the following formula: ;in, Let L be the liquid cooling flow rate command for the target partition z at the kth sampling time, in L / min. The base flow rate setting for partition z, in L / min; =max(0, - This refers to the incremental item after the risk exceeds the first-level threshold; Gain factor for flow rate improvement, unit: L / (min·risk unit); The weighting coefficient for the flow transferred from adjacent partition m to target partition z, with a value range of [0,1]. The decrease in flow rate for adjacent partition m, in L / min; The conversion factor for the transferred flow;

[0039] S42, Liquid supply temperature reduction: Adjusts the liquid supply temperature setpoint of the liquid cooling system from the normal value. Reduced to enhanced value : = - ;in, The setpoint for the liquid supply temperature at the k-th sampling time, in °C; This refers to the standard liquid supply temperature, in °C. Temperature-adjusted gain coefficient, unit: °C / risk unit;

[0040] S43, Pump Speed ​​Boost: Increase the speed of the liquid cooling pump from the normal value to the enhanced value to increase the total system flow rate;

[0041] S44, Adjacent partition flow transfer: For partitions adjacent to the target partition and with a risk level of "observation status", appropriately reduce their liquid cooling flow and transfer the surplus flow to the target partition.

[0042] In step S5, the airflow isolation control performs the following actions:

[0043] S51, Close adjacent air valves: Close the air valves of the target zone and adjacent zones to cut off the path of hot airflow to diffuse to adjacent areas through the air duct. The air valve closing sequence is as follows: first close the downstream air valve of the target zone, then close the upstream air valve, and finally close the connecting air valve of the adjacent zone.

[0044] S52, Stop Fans: Stop the exhaust and supply fans associated with the target zone to prevent fan operation from accelerating the diffusion of hot airflow;

[0045] S53, Close the fresh air inlet: Close the fresh air inlet valve associated with the target zone to reduce the dilution of the fire extinguishing agent concentration by external airflow;

[0046] S54, Lock Door: Lock the maintenance door corresponding to the target section in the closed state to prevent personnel from accidentally entering and to prevent outside air from rushing in;

[0047] S55, Record Isolation Status: Mark the wind path isolation completion time of the target partition in the partition status table. This serves as a prerequisite for subsequent fire sprinkler systems.

[0048] The execution time window for wind path isolation actions shall not exceed If all isolation actions are not completed within a specified time window, the system will report an isolation anomaly and trigger a safety alarm. Liquid cooling enhancement will continue during airflow isolation and will not stop due to airflow isolation.

[0049] In step S6, the fire-fighting sequence linkage performs the following actions:

[0050] S61, Confirm that the air duct isolation is complete: Check the isolation completion mark recorded in step 5. Only when all air valves in the target zone are closed, the fan is stopped, and the fresh air inlet is closed should the spray be triggered. If the isolation is not complete, wait for the isolation to be completed before triggering the spray.

[0051] S62, Maintain Liquid Cooling Suppression: Liquid cooling enhancement operation is continuously maintained before and during ejection to suppress heat transfer to adjacent zones, and the liquid cooling flow rate is maintained at the enhanced value. No reduction will be made;

[0052] S63, Trigger target zone spray: Open the fire discharge valve corresponding to the target zone, release the extinguishing medium, and the discharge control signal is generated according to the following logic: ;in, This is the spray control signal for partition z at time k, where 1 indicates spraying and 0 indicates no spraying.

[0053] S64, Maintain Isolation Status: After the discharge is triggered, continue to maintain the isolation status of the air duct to ensure that the concentration of the extinguishing agent is not diluted by the airflow. The isolation maintenance time shall not be less than [time missing]. Second;

[0054] S65, Record ejection event: Record the ejection trigger moment. Duration of discharge, changes in fire cylinder pressure, and amount of extinguishing medium released.

[0055] In step S7, the recovery confirmation index is calculated according to the following formula: ;in, This is the recovery confirmation index for the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time; a larger value indicates a better recovery trend. The temperature drop relative to the moment of ejection, in °C; The rate of temperature rise is the decrease relative to the time of discharge, expressed in °C / s. = This represents the decrease in smoke concentration. = This represents the decrease in the concentration of combustible gas. This is the sampling number at the moment of ejection triggering; , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying + + + =1.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, this invention provides a battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage, realizing zoned thermal risk identification and control, avoiding the crude handling of uniform action of the whole compartment; it suppresses local hot spots in advance through liquid cooling enhancement, reducing the probability of ineffective discharge; it reduces heat diffusion and loss of extinguishing medium through the sequential linkage of air path isolation and fire suppression discharge; and it forms a closed-loop safety link of "judgment - liquid cooling enhancement - air path isolation - fire suppression discharge - recovery confirmation". Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the software of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of partitioning and executor mapping.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal risk index and the four-level linkage state transition.

[0061] Figure 5 This is an event timing diagram for the liquid-cooled container energy storage system in Example 1.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart showing the differences in effects between Example 2 and Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention presents the overall system architecture.

[0065] 1. Data sampling layer: Collects zone temperature, temperature rise rate, liquid cooling inlet and outlet temperatures, flow rate, smoke concentration, combustible gas concentration, and actuator status.

[0066] 2. Zoning Management Layer: Establish zoning objects within the cabin and maintain the mapping relationship between zoning and liquid cooling branches, air valves, and fire actuators.

[0067] 3. Risk assessment layer: Calculates the thermal risk index for each zone and outputs the risk level.

[0068] 4. Liquid-cooled linkage layer: Implements flow redistribution, liquid supply temperature reduction, and pump speed increase in the early stages of risk.

[0069] 5. Airflow isolation layer: After the risk escalates, close adjacent air valves, stop the fan, and restrict the inflow of fresh air.

[0070] 6. Fire-fighting linkage layer: Triggers the spraying of the target zone and maintains isolation after the spraying conditions are met.

[0071] 7. Resumption of Confirmation Layer: Determine whether to resume normal operation based on the temperature, gas, and smoke levels.

[0072] The functions of the key modules of this invention are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1

[0074] Data sampling layer Get partition status and executor status Temperature, flow rate, smoke, gas, state variables Partition Status Table Divisional Management Maintain partition object and executor mapping Sensor layout, actuator mapping Partition mapping relationship Risk assessment layer Calculate the risk level of each zone Thermal characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, environmental characteristics Risk indicators, risk levels Liquid-cooled linkage layer Redistribute cooling capacity Risk level, branch flow rate, and liquid supply temperature Flow and valve position commands Wind tunnel isolation layer Close the diffusion path Air valve status, fan status, risk level Wind path isolation status Fire alarm linkage floor Perform spraying and holding Airflow isolation status and discharge conditions Discharge control commands Restore confirmation layer Decide whether to reinstate or continue quarantine Temperature drop, gas descent, changes in smoke Restore confirmation result

[0075] like Figure 2 As shown, the process of this invention is as follows:

[0076] Step 1, Partition Status Acquisition: The data acquisition layer uses a fixed acquisition cycle. (Typical value 1~5 seconds) Periodically acquire real-time status data for each partition. Specific data collected includes:

[0077] (1) Temperature data: readings from multiple temperature sensors arranged in each zone. Where z is the partition number and k is the sampling time number. This represents the number of temperature sensors within partition z. The system takes the highest value from all sensors as the representative temperature for that partition. ;in, Let be the representative temperature of each z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, in °C; The reading of the j-th temperature sensor within partition z, in °C; This represents the number of temperature sensors within partition z.

[0078] (2) Temperature rise rate: calculated based on the temperature difference between two adjacent sampling times: ;in, Let be the temperature rise rate of the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, in °C / s; The current temperature is expressed in °C. Temperature at the previous sampling time, in °C; The sampling period is expressed in seconds (s).

[0079] (3) Liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference: Collect the inlet and outlet temperatures of the liquid cooling branches in each zone, and calculate the heat exchange temperature difference: ;in, The liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference of the z-th partition is expressed in °C. Coolant outlet temperature, in °C; The temperature at the coolant inlet is expressed in °C.

[0080] (4) Smoke concentration: The concentration value output by the smoke detectors in each zone. , unit %obs / m.

[0081] (5) Combustible gas concentration: The concentration value output by the combustible gas detectors in each zone. Units are ppm or %LEL.

[0082] (6) Liquid cooling branch flow rate: The actual flow rate of the liquid cooling branch in each zone. , in L / min.

[0083] (7) Actuator status: liquid cooling valve position, air valve on / off status, fan running status, fire cylinder pressure and discharge valve status.

[0084] Step 2, as follows Figure 3As shown, a partition status table is established: the partition management layer creates partition objects based on the physical layout of the battery compartment. The partitioning is based on the following criteria:

[0085] (1) Divided by module location: The physical location of the battery module in the battery compartment is divided into several areas, typically divided into front compartment area, middle compartment area and rear compartment area (container scenario), or main battery area and top ventilation area (energy storage cabinet scenario).

[0086] (2) Divide by liquid cooling branch: bind one or more liquid cooling branches to each partition and establish a mapping relationship between partition number and liquid cooling valve number.

[0087] (3) Divide by air path area: bind the corresponding air valve and exhaust port to each zone and establish a mapping relationship between zone number and air valve number.

[0088] (4) Divide according to fire protection coverage area: bind the corresponding fire sprinkler head or spray pipeline to each zone and establish the mapping relationship between zone number and spray actuator.

[0089] Step 3, as follows Figure 4 As shown, thermal risk assessment: The risk assessment layer calculates a comprehensive thermal risk index for each partition z at each sampling time k. First, normalize each original state variable:

[0090] (1) Normalized temperature calculation: ;in, This is the minimum reference temperature for normal operation. This is a reference value for the critical temperature of thermal runaway.

[0091] (2) Normalized temperature rise calculation: ;in, =0, This is a reference value for the maximum rate of temperature rise before thermal runaway.

[0092] (3) Calculation of normalized heat transfer temperature difference: .

[0093] (4) Calculation of normalized smoke concentration: .

[0094] (5) Calculation of normalized combustible gas concentration: .

[0095] (6) The comprehensive thermal risk index is calculated using the following weighted summation formula: ;in, Let be the thermal risk index of the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, with a value range of [0,1]. Normalized temperature index; This is a normalized temperature rise rate index; This is a normalized heat transfer temperature difference index; This is a normalized smoke concentration index; This is a normalized index for combustible gas concentration. , , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying + + + + =1.

[0096] According to thermal risk indicators The value is used to determine the thermal risk level according to the four threshold levels shown in Table 2.

[0097] Table 2

[0098]

[0099] in, , , The preset grading threshold satisfies 0 < < < <1.

[0100] Step 4, Liquid Cooling Enhancement Control: When the risk level of partition z rises to "Liquid Cooling Enhancement State" ( < < When this occurs, the liquid-cooled linkage layer performs the following actions:

[0101] (1) Target Zone Flow Increase: Based on the extent to which the risk indicator exceeds the first-level threshold, the liquid cooling flow rate of the target zone is increased proportionally. The flow command is calculated using the following formula: ;in, Let L be the liquid cooling flow rate command for the target partition z at the kth sampling time, in L / min. The base flow rate setting for partition z, in L / min; =max(0, - This refers to the incremental item after the risk exceeds the first-level threshold; Gain factor for flow rate improvement, unit: L / (min·risk unit); The weighting coefficient for the flow transferred from adjacent partition m to target partition z, with a value range of [0,1]. The decrease in flow rate for adjacent partition m, in L / min; The conversion factor for the transferred flow.

[0102] (2) Adjusting the liquid supply temperature: Adjust the liquid supply temperature setpoint of the liquid cooling system from the normal value. Reduced to enhanced value : = - ;in, The setpoint for the liquid supply temperature at the k-th sampling time, in °C; This refers to the standard liquid supply temperature, in °C. This is the temperature-adjusted gain factor, in °C / risk unit.

[0103] (3) Pump speed increase: Increase the speed of the liquid cooling pump from the normal value to the enhanced value to increase the total flow rate of the system.

[0104] (4) Flow transfer between adjacent partitions: For partitions that are adjacent to the target partition and whose risk level is "observation status", reduce their liquid cooling flow rate appropriately and transfer the surplus flow rate to the target partition.

[0105] The system continuously monitors the temperature change trend after the liquid cooling enhancement. If the temperature drops back to... < And the duration exceeds If the risk continues to rise, normal liquid cooling operation will resume; if the risk continues to rise... ≥ Then proceed to step 5.

[0106] Step 5, Wind Path Isolation Control: When the risk level of zone z rises to "Wind Path Isolation Status" ( < < When the airflow isolation layer is activated, it will perform its actions in the following order:

[0107] (1) Close adjacent air valves: Close the air valves of the target zone and adjacent zones to cut off the path of hot air diffusion to adjacent areas through the air duct. The air valve closing sequence is as follows: first close the downstream air valve of the target zone, then close the upstream air valve, and finally close the connecting air valve of the adjacent zone.

[0108] (2) Stop the fans: Stop the exhaust fans and supply fans associated with the target zone to prevent the operation of the fans from accelerating the diffusion of hot air.

[0109] (3) Close the fresh air inlet: Close the fresh air inlet valve associated with the target zone to reduce the dilution of the fire extinguishing medium concentration by external airflow.

[0110] (4) Lock the hatch: Lock the maintenance hatch corresponding to the target zone in the closed state to prevent personnel from accidentally entering and outside air from rushing in.

[0111] (5) Record isolation status: Mark the wind path isolation completion time of the target zone in the zone status table. This serves as a prerequisite for subsequent fire sprinkler systems.

[0112] The execution time window for wind path isolation actions shall not exceed Seconds (typically 10-30 seconds). If all isolation actions are not completed within this time window, the system will report an isolation anomaly and trigger a safety alarm. Liquid cooling enhancement continues during airflow isolation and will not stop due to airflow isolation.

[0113] Step 6, Fire Sequence Linkage: When the risk level of zone z rises to "fire sprinkler status" ( ≥ When this occurs, the fire alarm linkage layer will execute actions in the following order:

[0114] (1) Confirm that the air duct isolation is complete: Check the isolation completion mark recorded in step 5. The spray is triggered only when all air valves in the target zone are closed, the fan is stopped, and the fresh air inlet is closed. If the isolation is not complete, wait for the isolation to be completed before triggering the spray.

[0115] (2) Maintain liquid cooling suppression: Continuously maintain enhanced liquid cooling operation before and during the discharge process to suppress heat transfer to adjacent zones. The liquid cooling flow rate is maintained at the enhanced value. No reduction will be made.

[0116] (3) Trigger target zone discharge: Open the fire discharge valve corresponding to the target zone to release the extinguishing medium. The discharge control signal is generated according to the following logic: ;in, This is the spray control signal for partition z at time k, where 1 indicates spraying and 0 indicates no spraying.

[0117] (4) Maintain isolation: After the discharge is triggered, continue to maintain the isolation of the airflow path to ensure that the concentration of the extinguishing agent is not diluted by the airflow. The isolation maintenance time shall not be less than [time period missing]. Seconds (typical value 300~600 seconds).

[0118] (5) Record the ejection event: Record the ejection trigger time. Duration of discharge, changes in fire cylinder pressure, and amount of extinguishing medium released.

[0119] Step 7, Recovery Confirmation: After the fire suppression system has been activated and the isolation period has ended, the recovery confirmation layer determines whether to resume normal operation based on the decline trend of multiple status variables. The recovery confirmation index is calculated using the following formula: ;in, This is the recovery confirmation index for the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time; a larger value indicates a better recovery trend. The temperature drop relative to the moment of ejection, in °C; The rate of temperature rise is the decrease relative to the time of discharge, expressed in °C / s. = This represents the decrease in smoke concentration. = This represents the decrease in the concentration of combustible gas. This is the sampling number at the moment of ejection triggering; , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, satisfying + + + =1.

[0120] The recovery determination rules are shown in Table 3.

[0121] Table 3

[0122]

[0123] in, To restore the confirmation threshold, To restore the required confirmation duration (typically 120-300 seconds).

[0124] The restoration process should be carried out step by step in the following order: first, restore the liquid cooling to normal flow rate; then, open the air valves and start the fans one by one; finally, unlock the hatch. Each step should be spaced at least [time missing]. Seconds (typically 30-60 seconds), and recheck after each step. Is it still lower than .

[0125] like Figure 5 As shown, Example 1: Liquid-cooled container energy storage system (three-zone scenario).

[0126] In a 1MWh liquid-cooled containerized energy storage system, 10 battery clusters are installed in the battery compartment, divided into a front compartment (clusters 1-3), a middle compartment (clusters 4-7), and a rear compartment (clusters 8-10) based on their physical location. The liquid cooling system is configured with 3 independent branches, each serving one of the three compartments. The compartment is equipped with 6 temperature sensors (2 per compartment), 3 smoke detectors, and 2 combustible gas detectors. The fire suppression system has 3 independent sprinklers, each covering one of the three compartments. The zoning plan is shown in Table 4.

[0127] Table 4

[0128]

[0129] Risk assessment parameter settings: =0.25, =0.25, =0.20, =0.15, =0.15. Grading threshold: =0.35, =0.60, =0.80.

[0130] During operation, the third battery module of the fourth cluster in the middle compartment (z=2) experienced abnormal internal heating.

[0131] (1) T=0s: The system is in normal operating condition, with temperatures in each zone ranging from 28 to 32℃. (Observation status).

[0132] (2) T=120s: The temperature in the middle cabin area rises to 42℃, and the rate of temperature rise is... Heat exchange temperature difference Rise to 8℃ ,Exceed =0.35, entering the liquid cooling enhancement state.

[0133] (3) Liquid cooling enhancement: The flow rate in the middle compartment was increased from 10L / min to 14L / min. The flow rate is reduced by 1 L / min in both the front and rear compartments. The liquid supply temperature is lowered from 25°C to 23°C.

[0134] (4) T=300s: Liquid cooling enhancement failed to completely suppress the temperature rise, and the temperature in the middle compartment rose to 52℃, and the smoke concentration... Increased to 1.5%obs / m =0.63, exceeding =0.60, entering the air path isolation state.

[0135] (5) Air Path Isolation Execution: Close V3 and V4 air valves in sequence, stop the middle compartment fan, and close the middle compartment fresh air inlet. Isolation shall be completed within 15 seconds. Liquid cooling enhancement continues to operate.

[0136] (6) T=420s: The temperature in the middle compartment rises to 65℃, and the concentration of combustible gas increases. Increased to 20% LEL =0.84, exceeding =0.80, enter fire sprinkler state.

[0137] (7) Fire spraying execution: After confirming that the air duct isolation is completed (V3 and V4 are closed and the fan is stopped), trigger the F2 nozzle to spray heptafluoropropane extinguishing medium. Liquid cooling enhancement continues to operate.

[0138] (8) T=720s (300s after spray): The temperature in the middle compartment drops to 38℃. =27℃), the temperature rise rate dropped to -0.02℃ / s, the smoke concentration dropped to 0.3%obs / m, and the combustible gas concentration dropped to 3%LEL. Restored confirmation indicators. =0.25×27+0.25×0.10+0.25×1.2+0.25×17=11.13, far exceeding =3.0.

[0139] (9) Recovery process: The system first restores the liquid cooling flow rate in the middle compartment to 10L / min, and then confirms after 30s. =0.22< Then open the V3 and V4 air valves one by one and start the fan, and finally unlock the hatch.

[0140] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling enhancement stage (120s~300s) reduces the temperature rise rate from 0.08℃ / s to 0.06℃ / s, providing a response window of approximately 180s. Airflow isolation is completed before discharge, ensuring the effective concentration of the extinguishing agent. The entire linkage process, from the initial alarm to discharge triggering, takes 300s, and from discharge to confirmation and recovery takes 300s, with no manual intervention throughout.

[0141] like Figure 6 As shown, Example 2: Liquid-cooled energy storage cabinet (two-zone scenario).

[0142] In a 100kWh liquid-cooled energy storage cabinet, the internal space is compact and divided into a main area (z=1, containing all battery modules and liquid cooling branches) and a top exhaust area (z=2, containing exhaust ducts and exhaust fans) based on physical location. The zoning plan is shown in Table 5.

[0143] Table 5

[0144]

[0145] In the risk assessment parameters, the main battery area and the top exhaust area use different weighting configurations: the main battery area focuses on temperature and temperature rise rate ( =0.30, =0.30), the top exhaust area focuses on smoke and gas concentration ( =0.30, =0.30).

[0146] During operation, an abnormal temperature rise occurred in a battery module in the main battery area.

[0147] (1) T=0s: Normal operating state, battery main area temperature 30℃, .

[0148] (2) T=90s: The temperature of the main battery region rises to 45℃. It enters the enhanced liquid cooling state. The liquid cooling flow rate is increased from 6L / min to 9L / min, and the liquid supply temperature is reduced from 23℃ to 20℃.

[0149] (3) T=200s: The temperature continued to rise to 55℃, and smoke concentration was detected in the top exhaust area. =2.0%obs / m (caused by rising hot air currents) (The main battery area enters the airflow isolation state). (The top exhaust area is upgraded to liquid cooling enhancement mode, but the exhaust area is not liquid cooled, so the risk is recorded directly).

[0150] (4) Air duct isolation: Close the top exhaust valve V1 and stop the exhaust fan. This is to prevent the extinguishing medium smoke from escaping outside the cabinet during subsequent spraying.

[0151] (5) T=280s: The temperature of the main battery region rises to 68℃. Enter fire sprinkler mode. After confirming that V1 is off and the fan has stopped, trigger F1 to spray.

[0152] (6) T=580s (300s after discharge): The temperature in the main battery area drops to 35℃, and the smoke concentration decreases to 0.2%obs / m. Recovery confirmation indicators. =,8.5, exceeding =3.0.

[0153] (7) Recovery process: First restore the liquid cooling to normal operation, and wait 60 seconds before confirming. =0.12< Then open the V1 exhaust valve and start the fan.

[0154] In this embodiment, although there are only two zones in the energy storage cabinet scenario, the isolation of the air path in the top exhaust zone is crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of the extinguishing agent release. If the exhaust valve is not closed before release, the extinguishing agent will escape along the exhaust path, resulting in insufficient extinguishing concentration inside the compartment. Actual measurements show that after closing the exhaust valve, the retention rate of the released extinguishing agent increases from 62% to 91%.

Claims

1. A method and system for protecting a battery compartment from a zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire-fighting linkage, other features being, The system includes the following: Data sampling layer: Collects zone temperature, temperature rise rate, liquid cooling inlet and outlet temperatures, flow rate, smoke concentration, combustible gas concentration, and actuator status; Zoning Management Layer: Establish zoning objects within the cabin and maintain the mapping relationship between zoning and liquid cooling branches, air valves, and fire actuators; Risk assessment layer: Calculates the thermal risk index for each zone and outputs the risk level; Liquid-cooled linkage layer: Implements flow redistribution, liquid supply temperature reduction, and pump speed increase in the early stages of a risk event; Airflow isolation layer: After the risk escalates, adjacent air valves are closed, fans are stopped, and fresh air inflow is restricted; Fire-fighting linkage layer: Triggers the spraying of the target zone and maintains isolation after the spraying conditions are met; Recovery confirmation layer: Determines whether to resume normal operation based on the temperature, gas, and smoke levels. The battery compartment protection method process is as follows: S1, partition state acquisition: the data acquisition layer acquires the real-time state quantity of each partition at a fixed acquisition cycle periodically acquires the real-time state quantity of each partition; S2, the partition management layer establishes partition objects based on the physical layout of the battery compartment according to the division of module location, liquid cooling branch, air duct area, and fire protection coverage area; S3, thermal risk determination: the risk determination layer calculates a comprehensive thermal risk index for each partition z at each sampling time k and according to the comprehensive thermal risk index executes one of a liquid cooling enhancement control, an air path isolation control, and a fire-fighting sequence linkage. S4, Liquid Cooling Enhancement Control: Includes target zone flow rate increase, liquid supply temperature reduction, pump speed increase, and flow rate transfer between adjacent zones; S5, Air Path Isolation Control: Includes closing adjacent air valves, stopping fans, closing fresh air inlets, locking doors, and recording isolation status; S6, Fire Sequence Linkage: Includes confirming that the air duct isolation is complete, maintaining the liquid cooling suppression state, triggering the target zone spray, maintaining the isolation state, and recording the spray event; S7, Recovery Confirmation: After the fire spraying is completed and the isolation time has ended, the recovery confirmation layer determines whether to resume normal operation based on the decline trend of multiple status variables.

2. The method and system for protecting a battery compartment according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the specific content collected includes: S11, temperature data: multiple temperature sensor readings arranged within each zone where z is the zone number, k is the sampling time number, is the number of temperature sensors within zone z, the system takes the highest value among the sensors as the representative temperature of the zone: ; where, is the representative temperature of the zth zone at the kth sampling time, unit ℃; is the reading of the jth temperature sensor within zone z, unit ℃; is the number of temperature sensors within zone z; S12, temperature rise rate: calculated according to the temperature difference of two adjacent sampling time points: ; wherein, is the temperature rise rate of the zth partition at the kth sampling time point, in units of ℃ / s; is the current temperature, in units of ℃; is the temperature of the last sampling time, in units of ℃; is the sampling period, in units of s; S13, liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference: collect the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of each subarea liquid cooling branch, calculate the heat exchange temperature difference: ; wherein, is the liquid cooling heat exchange temperature difference of the zth subarea, unit ℃; is the cooling liquid outlet temperature, unit ℃; is the cooling liquid inlet temperature, unit ℃; S14, Smoke Concentration: Concentration values ​​output by smoke detectors in each zone. The unit is %obs / m; S15, Combustible gas concentration: Concentration values ​​output by the combustible gas detectors in each zone. Units are ppm or %LEL; S16, Liquid cooling branch flow rate: Actual flow rate of liquid cooling branches in each zone. Unit: L / min; S17, Actuator status: liquid-cooled valve position, air valve on / off status, fan running status, fire cylinder pressure, and discharge valve status.

3. The battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the original state variables are normalized: S31, Normalized temperature calculation: ;in, This is the minimum reference temperature for normal operation. This is a reference value for the critical temperature of thermal runaway; S32, Normalized temperature rise calculation: ;in, =0, This is a reference value for the maximum rate of temperature rise before thermal runaway; S33, Normalized heat transfer temperature difference calculation: ; S34, Normalized smoke concentration calculation: ; S35, Calculation of normalized combustible gas concentration: ; S36, the comprehensive thermal risk index is calculated using the following weighted summation formula: ;in, Let be the thermal risk index of the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time, with a value range of [0,1]. Normalized temperature index; This is a normalized temperature rise rate index; This is a normalized heat transfer temperature difference index; This is a normalized smoke concentration index; This is a normalized index for combustible gas concentration. , , , , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying + + + + =1.

4. The battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the liquid cooling enhancement control performs the following actions: S41, Target Zone Flow Increase: Based on the extent to which the risk indicator exceeds the first-level threshold, increase the liquid cooling flow rate of the target zone proportionally. The flow command is calculated using the following formula: ;in, Let L be the liquid cooling flow rate command for the target partition z at the kth sampling time, in L / min. The base flow rate setting for partition z, in L / min; =max(0, - This refers to the incremental item after the risk exceeds the first-level threshold; Gain factor for flow rate improvement, unit: L / (min·risk unit); The weighting coefficient for the flow transferred from adjacent partition m to target partition z, with a value range of [0,1]. The decrease in flow rate for adjacent partition m, in L / min; The conversion factor for the transferred flow; S42, Liquid supply temperature reduction: Adjusts the liquid supply temperature setpoint of the liquid cooling system from the normal value. Reduced to enhanced value : = - ;in, The setpoint for the liquid supply temperature at the k-th sampling time, in °C; This refers to the standard liquid supply temperature, in °C. Temperature-adjusted gain coefficient, unit: °C / risk unit; S43, Pump Speed ​​Boost: Increase the speed of the liquid cooling pump from the normal value to the enhanced value to increase the total system flow rate; S44, Adjacent partition flow transfer: For partitions adjacent to the target partition and with a risk level of "observation status", appropriately reduce their liquid cooling flow and transfer the surplus flow to the target partition.

5. The battery compartment protection method and system for zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the airflow isolation control performs the following actions: S51, Close adjacent air valves: Close the air valves of the target zone and adjacent zones to cut off the path of hot airflow to diffuse to adjacent areas through the air duct. The air valve closing sequence is as follows: first close the downstream air valve of the target zone, then close the upstream air valve, and finally close the connecting air valve of the adjacent zone. S52, Stop Fans: Stop the exhaust and supply fans associated with the target zone to prevent fan operation from accelerating the diffusion of hot airflow; S53, Close the fresh air inlet: Close the fresh air inlet valve associated with the target zone to reduce the dilution of the fire extinguishing agent concentration by external airflow; S54, Lock Door: Lock the maintenance door corresponding to the target section in the closed state to prevent personnel from accidentally entering and to prevent outside air from rushing in; S55, Record Isolation Status: Mark the wind path isolation completion time of the target partition in the partition status table. This serves as a prerequisite for subsequent fire sprinkler systems.

6. The battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The execution time window for wind path isolation actions shall not exceed If all isolation actions are not completed within a specified time window, the system will report an isolation anomaly and trigger a safety alarm. Liquid cooling enhancement will continue during airflow isolation and will not stop due to airflow isolation.

7. The battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the fire-fighting sequence linkage performs the following actions: S61, Confirm that the air duct isolation is complete: Check the isolation completion mark recorded in step 5. Only when all air valves in the target zone are closed, the fan is stopped, and the fresh air inlet is closed should the spray be triggered. If the isolation is not complete, wait for the isolation to be completed before triggering the spray. S62, Maintain Liquid Cooling Suppression: Liquid cooling enhancement operation is continuously maintained before and during ejection to suppress heat transfer to adjacent zones, and the liquid cooling flow rate is maintained at the enhanced value. No reduction will be made; S63, Trigger target zone spray: Open the fire discharge valve corresponding to the target zone, release the extinguishing medium, and the discharge control signal is generated according to the following logic: ;in, This is the spray control signal for partition z at time k, where 1 indicates spraying and 0 indicates no spraying. S64, Maintain Isolation Status: After the discharge is triggered, continue to maintain the isolation status of the air duct to ensure that the concentration of the extinguishing agent is not diluted by the airflow. The isolation maintenance time shall not be less than [time missing]. Second; S65, Record ejection event: Record the ejection trigger moment. Duration of discharge, changes in fire cylinder pressure, and amount of extinguishing medium released.

8. The battery compartment protection method and system with zoned thermal risk liquid-cooled fire suppression linkage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the recovery confirmation index is calculated according to the following formula: ;in, This is the recovery confirmation index for the z-th partition at the k-th sampling time; a larger value indicates a better recovery trend. The temperature drop relative to the moment of ejection, in °C; The rate of temperature rise is the decrease relative to the time of discharge, expressed in °C / s. = This represents the decrease in smoke concentration. = This represents the decrease in the concentration of combustible gas. The sampling number is the one used to trigger the ejection. , , , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying + + + =1.

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