A dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage and its control method

Abstract

This application discloses a dual-temperature-zone liquid-cooled thermal management system and its control method for energy storage. The dual-temperature-zone liquid-cooled thermal management system includes a refrigerant circulation loop, an energy storage converter coolant loop, a battery cell coolant loop, and a waste heat storage and recovery structure. The refrigerant circulation loop exchanges heat with the energy storage converter coolant loop through a first evaporation heat exchange branch and with the battery cell coolant loop through a second evaporation heat exchange branch. The battery cell coolant loop is connected to the battery bank, and each battery cluster is equipped with a corresponding battery cluster branch. Each battery cluster branch is equipped with a distributed phase change thermal storage module and a cold release regulating valve. The waste heat storage and recovery structure includes a phase change thermal storage module and a waste heat exchanger. This system is beneficial for addressing the different thermal management needs of the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side, and for reducing temperature differences between battery clusters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage systems, specifically to a dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochemical energy storage systems typically include battery packs, energy storage converter packs, and associated thermal management equipment. During charging, discharging, and power conversion, the battery pack, energy storage converter, and internal electrical components all generate heat. Different heat-generating components have varying operating temperature requirements, heat load variations, and heat dissipation needs; therefore, thermal management of energy storage systems requires simultaneous attention to battery-side temperature control, energy storage converter-side heat dissipation, and the stability of the internal ambient temperature.

[0003] Existing technologies already include environmental control solutions for liquid-cooled energy storage systems. For example, CN114784402A discloses an environmental control system for liquid-cooled energy storage systems. This system includes an external heat dissipation unit, a battery thermal management unit, a prefabricated compartment management unit, an equipment compartment management unit, and a control unit, used to meet the requirements of battery thermal management, prefabricated compartment environmental control, and equipment compartment environmental control in liquid-cooled energy storage systems. Other existing technologies focus on integrated thermal management of battery liquid cooling and heating. For example, CN113571807A discloses a thermal management system for energy storage batteries, used for liquid cooling and heating management of the batteries.

[0004] In actual operation of energy storage systems, the battery side and the energy storage converter side typically have different thermal management requirements. The battery side focuses more on the temperature consistency between battery packs and battery clusters, while the energy storage converter side focuses more on the heat dissipation reliability of power devices and heat-generating components within the cabinet. When a battery cabinet contains multiple battery clusters, temperature differences may occur between different clusters due to variations in their charging / discharging states, installation locations, heat dissipation conditions, or heat loads. Significant temperature differences between battery clusters can affect the consistency of battery pack operation and the stability of the energy storage system.

[0005] Furthermore, in low-temperature environments, preheating or insulation may be required on the battery cell side; while the energy storage converter may generate usable heat during operation. For energy storage systems that include both battery cabinets and energy storage converter cabinets, how to further coordinate battery-side cooling, energy storage converter-side heat dissipation, and waste heat utilization from the energy storage converter side, while meeting the heat dissipation requirements of different temperature zones, is a problem that needs to be considered in the thermal management design of energy storage systems.

[0006] Therefore, the thermal management structure of energy storage systems still needs to form a clear thermal organization relationship between different heat-generating objects in order to take into account heat dissipation on the energy storage converter side, heat dissipation on the cell side, temperature consistency between battery clusters, and cell preheating or insulation requirements in low-temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, according to the first aspect of this application, a dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage is provided, including a refrigerant circulation loop, an energy storage converter coolant loop, a battery cell coolant loop, and a waste heat storage and recovery structure.

[0008] The refrigerant circulation loop includes a first evaporative heat exchange branch for exchanging heat with the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter, and a second evaporative heat exchange branch for exchanging heat with the coolant circuit of the battery cell.

[0009] The cell coolant circuit is connected to the battery cabinet group, which includes multiple battery clusters. Each battery cluster is equipped with a corresponding battery cluster branch, and the battery cluster branch is connected to the corresponding battery cluster for heat exchange.

[0010] Each battery cluster branch is equipped with a distributed phase change cold storage module and a cold release regulating valve. The cold release regulating valve is used to regulate the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch.

[0011] The coolant circuit of the energy storage converter is connected to the energy storage converter cabinet.

[0012] The waste heat storage and reuse structure includes a phase change heat storage module and a waste heat exchanger. The phase change heat storage module is connected to the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter, and the waste heat exchanger is connected to both the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter and the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell.

[0013] Optionally, the first evaporative heat exchange branch includes a first evaporative heat exchanger, which has a refrigerant flow channel and an energy storage converter coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the first evaporative heat exchange branch, and the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit. The second evaporative heat exchange branch includes a second evaporative heat exchanger, which has a refrigerant flow channel and a battery cell coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the second evaporative heat exchange branch, and the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the battery cell coolant circuit. The waste heat exchanger has an energy storage converter coolant flow channel and a battery cell coolant flow channel. The energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit, and the battery cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the battery cell coolant circuit.

[0014] Optionally, the refrigerant circulation loop includes a common refrigerant main loop, a first evaporation heat exchange branch, and a second evaporation heat exchange branch; wherein, the common refrigerant main loop includes a compressor assembly, a common condenser, and a liquid receiver filter assembly, with the discharge end of the compressor assembly, the common condenser, and the liquid receiver filter assembly connected in sequence; the outlet of the liquid receiver filter assembly is connected to the first evaporation heat exchange branch and the second evaporation heat exchange branch respectively.

[0015] Optionally, the first evaporation heat exchange branch further includes a first throttling element and a first gas-liquid separator, wherein the first throttling element, the refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporation heat exchanger, and the first gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction; the second evaporation heat exchange branch further includes a second throttling element and a second gas-liquid separator, wherein the second throttling element, the refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporation heat exchanger, and the second gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction; the outlet of the first gas-liquid separator and the outlet of the second gas-liquid separator merge and are connected to the suction end of the compressor assembly.

[0016] Optionally, the battery cabinet group includes at least one battery cabinet, and a battery cluster is provided inside the battery cabinet; the battery cluster includes multiple battery packs and internal cooling branches, and the internal cooling branches are heat exchanged with the multiple battery packs; the battery cluster branches include corresponding internal cooling branches.

[0017] Optionally, the cell coolant circuit includes a first cell coolant connection pipe, a second cell coolant connection pipe, a cell-side circulation pump, and a second reversing valve; wherein the first cell coolant connection pipe and the second cell coolant connection pipe are respectively connected to the battery cabinet group; the second reversing valve is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger and the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat heat exchanger, and is also connected to the first cell coolant connection pipe; the cell-side circulation pump is connected to the second cell coolant connection pipe; each battery cluster branch includes a third reversing valve and an intra-cluster cooling branch, and the second cell coolant connection pipe is connected to the third reversing valve in each battery cluster branch; in each battery cluster branch, the third reversing valve, the distributed phase change cold storage module, the cold release regulating valve, and the intra-cluster cooling branch are sequentially connected along the coolant flow direction, the intra-cluster cooling branch is connected to the battery pack for heat exchange, and is also connected to the first cell coolant connection pipe.

[0018] Optionally, the energy storage converter coolant circuit includes a first connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant, a second connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant, a first reversing valve, and a circulating pump on the energy storage converter side. The energy storage converter cabinet includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate and a finned heat sink separately from the IGBT cold plate. The first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant are respectively connected to the energy storage converter cabinet. The first reversing valve is connected to the first evaporative heat exchanger, the waste heat exchanger, and the first connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant. The first evaporative heat exchanger stores energy... The coolant flow channels of the converter and the coolant flow channels of the waste heat exchanger are both connected to the circulating pump on the energy storage converter side; the circulating pump on the energy storage converter side is connected to the second connecting pipe of the energy storage converter coolant; the cold plate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor is connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe of the energy storage converter coolant, and the finned heat sink is connected between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe of the energy storage converter coolant; wherein, the cold plate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor is used for heat exchange with the insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the finned heat sink is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components in the energy storage converter cabinet.

[0019] Optionally, the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage also includes a thermal management control module, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators; wherein, the temperature sensors are located in at least one of the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, and the battery cell coolant loop; the pressure sensors are located in the refrigerant circulation loop; the actuators include at least one of valves, pumps, fans, and compressor assemblies, and are located in the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, the battery cell coolant loop, the energy storage converter cabinet, or the battery cabinet; the thermal management control module is electrically connected to the temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators respectively.

[0020] According to a second aspect of this application, a control method for an energy storage dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system is provided, applied to any of the energy storage dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management systems provided in the first aspect, comprising:

[0021] Acquire the temperature of the energy storage converter side, the highest temperature of the cell, the lowest temperature of the cell, and the temperature of each battery cluster;

[0022] When the temperature on the energy storage converter side is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, the first reversing valve is controlled to connect the energy storage converter coolant circuit with the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger, and the energy storage converter side circulation pump is controlled to drive the energy storage converter coolant circulation so that the energy storage converter coolant flows through the energy storage converter cabinet after heat exchange in the first evaporative heat exchanger.

[0023] When the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the second preset temperature threshold, the second reversing valve is controlled to connect the battery cell coolant circuit with the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger, and the battery cell side circulation pump is controlled to drive the battery cell coolant circulation so that the battery cell coolant flows through the battery cabinet after heat exchange in the second evaporative heat exchanger.

[0024] The cell temperature difference is determined based on the highest and lowest cell temperatures. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the highest cell temperature is identified as the target battery cluster. The third reversing valve and the cold release regulating valve in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster are controlled to increase the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster.

[0025] When the minimum temperature of the battery cell is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, the first reversing valve is controlled to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, and the second reversing valve is controlled to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, so that the heat on the side of the energy storage converter is transferred to the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell through the waste heat exchanger.

[0026] Optionally, the cell temperature difference is determined based on the cell's highest and lowest temperatures. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the cell's highest temperature is identified as the target battery cluster. The third reversing valve and the cooling regulating valve in the corresponding battery cluster branch are then controlled, including:

[0027] Calculate the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the battery cell to obtain the battery cell temperature difference;

[0028] When the temperature difference between the cells is greater than or equal to the preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster with the temperature equal to the highest temperature of the cells is identified as the target battery cluster.

[0029] Control the third reversing valve in the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster to connect the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster with the corresponding distributed phase change cold storage module;

[0030] Control the cooling regulating valve in the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster to increase the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module corresponding to the target battery cluster.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include at least the following:

[0032] This application uses the first evaporation heat exchange branch in the refrigerant circulation loop to exchange heat with the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter, and the second evaporation heat exchange branch to exchange heat with the coolant circuit of the battery cell. This allows the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side to be regulated by their respective heat exchange branches, which is beneficial for adapting to the different thermal management requirements of the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side.

[0033] This application incorporates a distributed phase change cold storage module and a cold release regulating valve in each battery cluster branch. The cold release regulating valve can adjust the flow rate of coolant passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch. Therefore, the cold release capacity of different battery cluster branches can be adjusted independently, which helps to reduce temperature differences between different battery clusters.

[0034] This application connects a phase change thermal storage module to the cooling fluid circuit of an energy storage converter, and connects a waste heat exchanger to both the energy storage converter's cooling fluid circuit and the battery cell's cooling fluid circuit. This allows the heat generated on the energy storage converter side to be stored or transferred to the battery cell's cooling fluid circuit. Therefore, in low-temperature environments or when the battery cell requires preheating or insulation, the waste heat from the energy storage converter side can be used to provide a heat source for the battery cell side, reducing the dependence on external heating sources for battery cell preheating or insulation. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall topology of the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the piping connections for the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, the battery cell coolant loop, and the waste heat storage and recovery structure provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cabinet group, battery cluster branch and distributed phase change cold storage module provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage converter cabinet provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0040] Figure 5 A flowchart of the control method for the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage provided in Embodiment 2 of this application.

[0041] In the embodiments of the application, the correspondence between the reference numerals and the component names is as follows:

[0042] 100 - Refrigerant circulation loop; 110 - Common refrigerant main loop; 111 - Compressor assembly; 112 - Common condenser; 113 - Liquid receiver filter assembly; 114 - Manifold; 120 - First evaporator heat exchange branch; 121 - First throttling element; 122 - First evaporator heat exchanger; 123 - First gas-liquid separator; 130 - Second evaporator heat exchange branch; 131 - Second throttling element; 132 - Second evaporator heat exchanger; 133 - Second gas-liquid separator; 140 - Equalizing pipe; 150 - Return gas pipe;

[0043] 200 - Energy storage converter coolant circuit; 201 - Energy storage converter coolant first connection pipe; 202 - Energy storage converter coolant second connection pipe; 203 - Energy storage converter side circulation pump; 204 - First reversing valve; 210 - Energy storage converter cabinet; 211 - Energy storage converter cabinet; 213 - Insulated gate bipolar transistor cold plate; 214 - Finned heat sink; 215 - Fan;

[0044] 300-Cell coolant circuit; 301-First cell coolant connection pipe; 302-Second cell coolant connection pipe; 303-Cell side circulation pump; 304-Second reversing valve; 310-Battery cabinet group; 311-Battery cabinet; 312-Battery cluster; 313-Battery pack; 314-Battery cluster branch; 315-Intra-cluster cooling branch; 321-Third reversing valve; 322-Distributed phase change cold storage module; 323-Cooling release regulating valve;

[0045] 400 - Waste heat storage and recovery structure; 401 - Phase change heat storage module; 402 - Waste heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enhance understanding of this application, the following detailed description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides an energy storage dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system. The energy storage dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system includes a refrigerant circulation loop 100, an energy storage converter coolant loop 200, a battery cell coolant loop 300, and a waste heat storage and recovery structure 400.

[0049] The refrigerant circulation loop 100 provides cooling capacity. The refrigerant circulation loop 100 includes a first evaporative heat exchange branch 120 and a second evaporative heat exchange branch 130. The first evaporative heat exchange branch 120 exchanges heat with the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 to reduce the coolant temperature in the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200. The second evaporative heat exchange branch 130 exchanges heat with the battery cell coolant circuit 300 to reduce the coolant temperature in the battery cell coolant circuit 300. The refrigerant circulation loop 100 can provide cooling capacity to both the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side, allowing each side to exchange heat based on its respective heat dissipation requirements.

[0050] The energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 is connected to the energy storage converter cabinet 210. The coolant in the coolant circuit 200 flows through the energy storage converter cabinet 210 and exchanges heat with the liquid-cooled heat exchange components within the cabinet 210 to remove heat generated by the heat-generating components. In one specific embodiment, the energy storage converter cabinet 210 may include an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate. After the coolant in the coolant circuit 200 flows through the IGBT cold plate, it provides liquid cooling for the IGBT.

[0051] The cell coolant circuit 300 is connected to the battery cabinet 310. Specifically, refer to... Figure 3 The battery cabinet assembly 310 includes multiple battery clusters 312. Each battery cluster 312 is equipped with a corresponding battery cluster branch 314, which exchanges heat with the corresponding battery cluster 312 to remove the heat generated by the battery pack in the battery cluster 312. Each battery cluster branch 314 is equipped with a distributed phase change cold storage module 322 and a cold release regulating valve 323. The cold release regulating valve 323 is used to regulate the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314. By setting a distributed phase change cold storage module 322 and a cold release regulating valve 323 in each battery cluster branch 314, the coolant branches corresponding to different battery clusters 312 can have independent cold release regulation capabilities, thereby enabling branch-level regulation of the heat exchange process of different battery clusters 312.

[0052] The waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 includes a phase change heat storage module 401 and a waste heat exchanger 402. The phase change heat storage module 401 is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200. The waste heat exchanger 402 is connected to both the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 and the battery cell coolant circuit 300. The coolant in the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 can transfer the heat generated on the energy storage converter side to the phase change heat storage module 401, allowing the phase change heat storage module 401 to store heat. When preheating or insulation is required on the battery cell side, the waste heat exchanger 402 can transfer heat between the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 and the battery cell coolant circuit 300, allowing the waste heat on the energy storage converter side or the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module 401 to be used for preheating or insulation of the battery cell side.

[0053] It should be noted that the refrigerant circulation loop 100, the energy storage converter coolant loop 200, the battery cell coolant loop 300, and the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 are not simple parallel structures that are independent of each other. The refrigerant circulation loop 100 exchanges heat with the energy storage converter coolant loop 200 through the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120, and with the battery cell coolant loop 300 through the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130; the energy storage converter coolant loop 200 is used for heat dissipation of the energy storage converter cabinet 210; the battery cell coolant loop 300 is used for heat dissipation of the battery cabinet 310; the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 is connected between the energy storage converter coolant loop 200 and the battery cell coolant loop 300, and is used to store waste heat on the energy storage converter side and transfer heat to the battery cell side. This structure can simultaneously take into account heat dissipation on the energy storage converter side, heat dissipation on the battery cell side, cluster-level cold release regulation, and waste heat recovery on the energy storage converter side.

[0054] It should be noted that the connection of the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 to the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 and the cell coolant circuit 300 does not mean that the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 is the necessary path for the coolant in all operating states.

[0055] In one specific implementation, reference is made to... Figure 2 The refrigerant circulation loop 100 includes a common refrigerant main loop 110, a first evaporation heat exchange branch 120, and a second evaporation heat exchange branch 130. The common refrigerant main loop 110 supplies refrigerant to the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130. The first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 exchanges heat with the energy storage converter coolant loop 200, and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130 exchanges heat with the battery cell coolant loop 300. Thus, the refrigerant circulation loop 100 can meet the heat exchange requirements of the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side respectively through different evaporation heat exchange branches.

[0056] Specifically, the refrigerant common main circuit 110 includes a compressor assembly 111, a common condenser 112, and a liquid receiver filter assembly 113. The discharge end of the compressor assembly 111, the common condenser 112, and the liquid receiver filter assembly 113 are connected sequentially along the refrigerant flow direction. The compressor assembly 111 is used to compress the refrigerant and output high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant. The common condenser 112 is used to release heat from the compressed refrigerant to the external environment or cooling medium. The liquid receiver filter assembly 113 is used to store and filter the condensed refrigerant to supply refrigerant to the downstream evaporation heat exchange branch.

[0057] Furthermore, the outlet of the liquid storage filter assembly 113 is connected to the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130, respectively. Through this connection, the refrigerant common main circuit 110 can distribute refrigerant to the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130. The first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130 can operate separately according to the heat exchange requirements of the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side, or they can undertake heat exchange tasks in different temperature zones during the same operation.

[0058] Optionally, the refrigerant circulation loop 100 may further include one or more auxiliary components selected from manifold 114, equalizing pipe 140, and return pipe 150. Manifold 114 may be located upstream or downstream of compressor assembly 111 for collecting or buffering refrigerant. Equalizing pipe 140 may be used to balance the pressure between relevant branches in refrigerant circulation loop 100. Return pipe 150 may be used to return the refrigerant after evaporation and heat exchange to the suction end of compressor assembly 111. It should be noted that manifold 114, equalizing pipe 140, and return pipe 150 are used to illustrate an optional piping arrangement and should not be construed as essential components for achieving the heat exchange function of this embodiment.

[0059] The first evaporator heat exchange branch 120 includes a first throttling element 121, a first evaporator heat exchanger 122, and a first gas-liquid separator 123. The first throttling element 121, the refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, and the first gas-liquid separator 123 are connected sequentially along the refrigerant flow direction. The first throttling element 121 is used to throttle the refrigerant before it enters the first evaporator heat exchanger 122. The first evaporator heat exchanger 122 is used to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the coolant in the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200. The first gas-liquid separator 123 is used to separate the refrigerant into gas and liquid after it flows out of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, so as to reduce the amount of liquid refrigerant entering the suction end of the compressor assembly 111.

[0060] The first evaporative heat exchanger 122 has a refrigerant flow channel and an energy storage converter coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger 122 is connected to the first evaporative heat exchange branch 120, and the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger 122 is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200. The refrigerant flow channel and the energy storage converter coolant flow channel are mutually isolated fluid channels. The refrigerant flows in the refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger 122, and the energy storage converter coolant flows in the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger 122. The two exchange heat through the heat exchange wall of the first evaporative heat exchanger 122, and the refrigerant and the energy storage converter coolant do not mix.

[0061] The second evaporator heat exchange branch 130 includes a second throttling element 131, a second evaporator heat exchanger 132, and a second gas-liquid separator 133. The second throttling element 131, the refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, and the second gas-liquid separator 133 are connected sequentially along the refrigerant flow direction. The second throttling element 131 is used to throttle the refrigerant before it enters the second evaporator heat exchanger 132. The second evaporator heat exchanger 132 is used to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the coolant in the battery cell coolant circuit 300. The second gas-liquid separator 133 is used to separate the refrigerant into gas and liquid after it flows out of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, so as to reduce the amount of liquid refrigerant entering the suction end of the compressor assembly 111.

[0062] The second evaporative heat exchanger 132 has a refrigerant flow channel and a battery cell coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132 is connected to the second evaporative heat exchange branch 130, and the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132 is connected to the battery cell coolant circuit 300. The refrigerant flow channel and the battery cell coolant flow channel are mutually isolated fluid channels. The refrigerant flows in the refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132, and the battery cell coolant flows in the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132. The two exchange heat through the heat exchange wall of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132, and the refrigerant and battery cell coolant do not mix.

[0063] Furthermore, the outlets of the first gas-liquid separator 123 and the second gas-liquid separator 133 merge and are connected to the suction end of the compressor assembly 111. Thus, the refrigerant after evaporation and heat exchange through the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120 and the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130 can return to the compressor assembly 111, forming a closed loop of the refrigerant circulation loop 100.

[0064] Optionally, the first throttling element 121 and the second throttling element 131 can be an electronic expansion valve, a thermostatic expansion valve, a throttling valve, or other throttling components capable of adjusting the refrigerant flow rate. The first evaporator heat exchanger 122 and the second evaporator heat exchanger 132 can be plate heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, or other heat exchangers with mutually isolated flow channels. The specific component forms described above are used to illustrate one embodiment of the refrigerant circulation loop 100 and are not intended to limit the specific structural types of the first throttling element 121, the second throttling element 131, the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, and the second evaporator heat exchanger 132.

[0065] In one specific implementation, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 4 The energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 is used to dissipate heat from the energy storage converter cabinet 210. The energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 includes a first connecting pipe 201, a second connecting pipe 202, a converter-side circulation pump 203, and a first reversing valve 204. The first connecting pipe 201 and the second connecting pipe 202 are respectively connected to the energy storage converter cabinet 210. The converter-side circulation pump 203 drives the energy storage converter coolant to circulate within the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200.

[0066] The first reversing valve 204 is used to selectively connect the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 to the first evaporator heat exchanger 122 or the waste heat exchanger 402. Specifically, the first reversing valve 204 is connected to the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, the waste heat exchanger 402, and the first connecting pipe 201 for the energy storage converter coolant, respectively. The first evaporator heat exchanger 122 has an energy storage converter coolant flow channel, and the waste heat exchanger 402 has an energy storage converter coolant flow channel. The energy storage converter coolant flow channels of both the first evaporator heat exchanger 122 and the waste heat exchanger 402 are connected to the energy storage converter-side circulation pump 203.

[0067] exist Figure 2 In the specific structure shown, the first reversing valve 204 has interfaces g, e, and f. Interface g is connected to the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, interface e is connected to the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402, and interface f is connected to the first connecting pipe 201 of the energy storage converter coolant. By reversing the first reversing valve 204, the first connecting pipe 201 of the energy storage converter coolant can be connected to the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, or it can be connected to the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402. Thus, the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 can switch flow paths between refrigeration and heat exchange on the energy storage converter side and waste heat recovery on the energy storage converter side.

[0068] It should be noted that ports g, e, and f of the first directional valve 204 are used for illustration. Figure 2 The specific connection method in the interface does not mean that the first reversing valve 204 can only use this interface naming method; as long as the first reversing valve 204 can be connected to the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, the waste heat heat exchanger 402 and the first connection pipe 201 of the energy storage converter coolant respectively, the same flow path switching function can be achieved.

[0069] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4 The energy storage converter cabinet 210 includes an energy storage converter cabinet 211. The energy storage converter cabinet 211 houses an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213 and a finned heat sink 214, which is separate from the IGBT cold plate 213. The IGBT cold plate 213 is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 for heat exchange with the energy storage converter coolant. When the energy storage converter coolant flows through the IGBT cold plate 213, it can carry away the heat generated by the IGBT.

[0070] Specifically, the energy storage converter-side circulation pump 203 is connected to the energy storage converter coolant second connection pipe 202. The energy storage converter-side circulation pump 203 is connected to the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213, which is connected to the energy storage converter coolant first connection pipe 201. Through the above connections, the energy storage converter coolant can circulate among the energy storage converter coolant first connection pipe 201, the IGBT cold plate 213, the energy storage converter coolant second connection pipe 202, and the energy storage converter-side circulation pump 203.

[0071] A finned heat sink 214 is installed inside the energy storage converter cabinet 211 and is separate from the insulated gate bipolar transistor cold plate 213. The finned heat sink 214 is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210. Optionally, a fan 215 can also be installed inside the energy storage converter cabinet 211. The fan 215 drives the airflow inside the energy storage converter cabinet 211, causing the air inside the cabinet to flow through the finned heat sink 214. Thus, the finned heat sink 214 can provide air-side heat dissipation for the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210.

[0072] It should be noted that the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213 is a liquid-cooled heat exchange component in the energy storage converter cabinet 210, and is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200; the finned heat sink 214 is connected between the first connection pipe 201 and the second connection pipe 202 of the energy storage converter coolant. The energy storage converter coolant can flow through the finned heat sink 214, which is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components in the energy storage converter cabinet 210. The fan 215 can promote airflow around the finned heat sink 214. By separating the IGBT cold plate 213 and the finned heat sink 214, the energy storage converter cabinet 210 can achieve both liquid-cooled heat dissipation and air-side heat dissipation.

[0073] In one specific implementation, reference is made to... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cell coolant circuit 300 is used for heat exchange in the battery cabinet 310. The cell coolant circuit 300 includes a first cell coolant connection pipe 301, a second cell coolant connection pipe 302, a cell-side circulation pump 303, and a second reversing valve 304. The first cell coolant connection pipe 301 and the second cell coolant connection pipe 302 are respectively connected to the battery cabinet 310. The second cell coolant connection pipe 302 is used to enter the battery cluster branch, and the first cell coolant connection pipe 301 is used to return to the temperature control side pipe. The cell-side circulation pump 303 is connected to the second cell coolant connection pipe 302 to drive the cell coolant to circulate in the cell coolant circuit 300.

[0074] The second reversing valve 304 is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402, and the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301. Through the reversing action of the second reversing valve 304, the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301 can be connected to either the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132 or the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402. Therefore, the cell coolant circuit 300 can switch flow paths between cell-side cooling heat exchange and cell-side preheating heat exchange.

[0075] Specifically, in Figure 2In the specific structure shown, the second reversing valve 304 has interfaces a, b, and c. Interface a is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, interface b is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402, and interface c is connected to the cell coolant first connecting pipe 301. When interfaces a and c are connected, the cell coolant first connecting pipe 301 is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, and the cell coolant can receive the cooling capacity provided by the second evaporator heat exchanger 132. When interfaces b and c are connected, the cell coolant first connecting pipe 301 is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402, and the cell coolant can receive the heat transferred by the waste heat exchanger 402. It should be noted that interfaces a, b, and c are used for illustration. Figure 2 One specific connection method is not limited to the second reversing valve 304 using this interface naming method; as long as the second reversing valve 304 can be connected to the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, the waste heat heat exchanger 402 and the first connection pipe 301 of the battery cell coolant respectively, the flow path switching between the cooling heat exchange and the preheating heat exchange on the battery cell side can be realized.

[0076] See Figure 3 The battery cabinet assembly 310 includes at least one battery cabinet 311, within which a battery cluster 312 is disposed. The battery cluster 312 includes multiple battery packs 313 and an internal cooling branch 315, which is heat-exchange connected to the multiple battery packs 313. When the cell coolant flows through the internal cooling branch 315, it can exchange heat with the multiple battery packs 313 to remove the heat generated by the battery packs 313.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, the battery cabinet group 310 includes multiple battery clusters 312, each battery cluster 312 being configured with a corresponding battery cluster branch 314. The battery cluster branch 314 is heat-exchange connected to the corresponding battery cluster 312. Optionally, one or more battery clusters 312 can be arranged in a battery cabinet 311. Optionally, the battery cabinet group 310 may also include multiple battery cabinets 311, with multiple battery cabinets 311 collectively forming multiple battery clusters 312. All of the above different arrangements allow each battery cluster 312 to have a corresponding battery cluster branch 314, without affecting the branch-level heat exchange between the cell coolant circuit 300 and each battery cluster 312.

[0078] Each battery cluster branch 314 includes a third reversing valve 321, a distributed phase change cold storage module 322, a cold release regulating valve 323, and an intra-cluster cooling branch 315. The second cell coolant connection pipe 302 is connected to the third reversing valve 321 in each battery cluster branch 314. The intra-cluster cooling branch 315 is heat-exchange connected to the battery pack 313 and is also connected to the first cell coolant connection pipe 301. Thus, the cell coolant can enter the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 via the second cell coolant connection pipe 302 and return via the first cell coolant connection pipe 301 after completing heat exchange in the battery cluster 312.

[0079] Along the flow path of the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the third reversing valve 321, the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the cold release regulating valve 323, and the in-cluster cooling branch 315 are sequentially connected in the direction of coolant flow. The third reversing valve 321 is used to introduce the cell coolant into the corresponding battery cluster branch 314, and to allow the cell coolant to enter the branch section where the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 is located or to enter the branch section that does not flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. The distributed phase change cold storage module 322 is used to store or release cold energy in the battery cluster branch 314. The cold release regulating valve 323 is used to regulate the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314. Through this structure, each battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to each battery cluster 312 can have independent cold storage and cold release regulation capabilities.

[0080] Specifically, in Figure 3 In the structure shown, the third reversing valve 321 has interfaces x, y, and z. Interface x is connected to the second cell coolant connection pipe 302, interface y is connected to one end of the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, and interface z is connected to the branch section of the battery cluster branch 314 that does not flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. By reversing the third reversing valve 321, the cell coolant entering the battery cluster branch 314 can enter the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, or at least a portion of the cell coolant can enter the branch section that does not flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. It should be noted that interfaces x, y, and z are used for illustration. Figure 3 This is a specific connection method, and it does not limit the third directional valve 321 to using only this interface naming method.

[0081] The cooling control valve 323 has an interface 1, an interface 2, and an interface 3. Interface 1 is connected to the other end of the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, interface 2 is connected to the cooling branch 315 within the battery cluster, and interface 323 is connected to the branch section of the battery cluster branch 314 that does not flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. The cooling control valve 323 can regulate the flow rate of the coolant entering the cooling branch 315 within the battery cluster after passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, and it can also regulate the flow relationship between the coolant that does not flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 and the coolant that does flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. Thus, the battery cluster branch 314 can adjust the amount of cooling released according to the temperature state of the corresponding battery cluster 312.

[0082] Under the condition of cooling and uniform temperature, the interface l and interface m of the cooling regulating valve 323 are connected, so that the cell coolant after being cooled by the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 enters the cooling branch 315 in the cluster and exchanges heat with the battery pack 313.

[0083] In the cold storage state, the interface l and interface n of the cold release regulating valve 323 are connected, so that the coolant returns to the connection pipeline of the cell coolant circuit 300 after passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. The battery pack 313 does not participate in this cold storage heat exchange process.

[0084] The cooling regulating valve 323 is used to regulate the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314, so as to regulate the cooling amount of the corresponding battery cluster branch 314.

[0085] Optionally, the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 may include a phase change material containment cavity and a heat exchange channel for heat exchange with the coolant. When the coolant flows through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the coolant can exchange heat with the phase change material. The phase change material undergoes a phase change when absorbing or releasing cold energy to achieve cold energy storage or release. This structure can buffer the heat load fluctuations of the battery cluster 312 during charging and discharging and regulate the temperature changes of the battery cluster 312.

[0086] It should be noted that the connection relationship between the third reversing valve 321, the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the cold release regulating valve 323, and the in-cluster cooling branch 315 is used to illustrate that each battery cluster branch 314 has a branch-level cold storage and cold release regulating structure. Different battery cluster branches 314 can adopt the same structure, or the pipeline length, valve installation position, or capacity of the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 can be adjusted according to the arrangement position of the battery cluster 312 or the heat load. The above adjustments do not change the structural relationship of each battery cluster branch 314 being configured with a distributed phase change cold storage module 322 and a cold release regulating valve 323.

[0087] In one specific implementation, reference is made to... Figure 1 and Figure 2The waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 is used to recover the heat generated on the energy storage converter side and transfer heat to the cell coolant circuit 300 when preheating or insulation is required on the cell side. The waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 includes a phase change heat storage module 401 and a waste heat exchanger 402.

[0088] The phase change thermal storage module 401 is connected to the coolant circuit 200 of the energy storage converter. When the coolant in the coolant circuit 200 carries the heat generated by the energy storage converter cabinet 210 and flows through the phase change thermal storage module 401, the phase change thermal storage module 401 can absorb and store this heat. Optionally, the phase change thermal storage module 401 includes a phase change material receiving cavity and a heat exchange channel for exchanging heat with the coolant. When the coolant flows through the phase change thermal storage module 401, the coolant can exchange heat with the phase change material, and the phase change material stores heat through a phase change process.

[0089] The waste heat exchanger 402 has a coolant flow channel for the energy storage converter and a coolant flow channel for the battery cell. The coolant flow channel for the energy storage converter is connected to the coolant circuit 200, and the coolant flow channel for the battery cell is connected to the coolant circuit 300. The coolant flow channel for the energy storage converter and the coolant flow channel for the battery cell are mutually isolated fluid channels. The coolant for the energy storage converter and the coolant for the battery cell flow in different channels of the waste heat exchanger 402 and transfer heat through the heat exchange wall of the waste heat exchanger 402 without mixing.

[0090] The waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 can participate in heat transfer under operating conditions such as waste heat storage of the energy storage converter, preheating of the battery cell, or insulation of the battery cell. When refrigeration and heat exchange are carried out on the energy storage converter side and the battery cell side through the first evaporative heat exchanger 122 and the second evaporative heat exchanger 132 respectively, the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 does not need to be a necessary path for the coolant.

[0091] In one specific embodiment, the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage further includes a thermal management control module, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators. The thermal management control module is electrically connected to the temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators, respectively. The thermal management control module receives detection signals collected by the temperature and pressure sensors and outputs control signals to the actuators to realize the start / stop, connection / disconnection, or flow regulation of the corresponding actuators.

[0092] Temperature sensors can be installed at at least one location in the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, and the battery cell coolant loop to collect the temperature at the corresponding location. Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3T1-T9 can all be used as specific locations for temperature sensing devices. Specifically, T1 can be placed in the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter near the energy storage converter cabinet to detect the coolant temperature on the energy storage converter side; T2 can be placed in the cell coolant circuit near the battery cabinet to detect the coolant temperature on the cell side; T3 and T4 can be placed in the refrigerant circulation circuit to detect the refrigerant temperature at the corresponding pipeline location; T5 and T6 can be placed near the first evaporation heat exchange branch to detect the temperature at the first evaporation heat exchange branch or related locations of the first evaporation heat exchanger; T7 and T8 can be placed near the second evaporation heat exchange branch to detect the temperature at the second evaporation heat exchange branch or related locations of the second evaporation heat exchanger; and T9 can be placed near the battery cluster branch to detect the temperature of the corresponding battery cluster branch or the area near the battery cluster.

[0093] Pressure sensors can be installed in the refrigerant circulation loop to collect pressure data at corresponding locations within the loop. Specifically, Figure 2 P1-P3 can all be used as specific locations for pressure detection devices. Specifically, P1 can be set on the discharge side of the compressor assembly or near the common condenser to detect the high-pressure side pressure of the refrigerant; P2 can be set near the first evaporation heat exchange branch to detect the pressure of the first evaporation heat exchange branch; and P3 can be set near the second evaporation heat exchange branch to detect the pressure of the second evaporation heat exchange branch.

[0094] Furthermore, Figure 2 and Figure 3 A flow sensor can also be installed. Figure 2 Both L1 and L2 can be used as specific locations for the flow sensors. L1 can be installed in the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter to detect the coolant flow rate on the energy storage converter side; L2 can be installed in the coolant circuit of the battery cells to detect the coolant flow rate on the battery cells side. The flow sensors can be electrically connected to the thermal management control module and output a flow detection signal to the thermal management control module. It should be noted that the flow sensor is used to illustrate an optional detection component and should not be construed as a mandatory detection component in this embodiment.

[0095] The actuator may include at least one of a valve, a pump, a fan, and a compressor assembly. Specifically, the actuator may include at least one of a first throttling element 121, a second throttling element 131, a first reversing valve 204, a second reversing valve 304, a third reversing valve 321, a cooling regulating valve 323, an energy storage converter-side circulating pump 203, a cell-side circulating pump 303, a fan 215, and a compressor assembly 111. The thermal management control module may be electrically connected to the aforementioned actuator.

[0096] In one specific embodiment, the thermal management control module can be electrically connected to a first reversing valve to adjust the connectivity between the energy storage converter coolant circuit and the first evaporative heat exchanger or waste heat exchanger. The thermal management control module can also be electrically connected to a second reversing valve to adjust the connectivity between the cell coolant circuit and the second evaporative heat exchanger or waste heat exchanger. The thermal management control module can also be electrically connected to a third reversing valve and a cold release regulating valve to adjust whether the coolant in the battery cluster branch flows through the distributed phase change cold storage module and the coolant flow rate through the distributed phase change cold storage module.

[0097] Optionally, the thermal management control module can be electrically connected to the circulating pump on the energy storage converter side and the circulating pump on the battery cell side to control the coolant circulation in the energy storage converter coolant circuit and the battery cell coolant circuit. The thermal management control module can also be electrically connected to the compressor assembly, the first throttling element, and the second throttling element to achieve refrigerant circulation and flow rate regulation in the refrigerant circulation circuit. The thermal management control module can also be electrically connected to a fan to drive airflow within the energy storage converter cabinet, directing airflow through the finned radiator.

[0098] It should be noted that Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This diagram primarily illustrates the piping connections of the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, the battery cell coolant loop, the waste heat storage and recovery structure, and the local battery cluster branches. The electrical connections between the thermal management control module and the various sensors and actuators are not shown in the diagram. In actual systems, the thermal management control module and actuators can be electrically connected via wiring harnesses, communication cables, control board interfaces, or other electrical connection structures. The diagram does not show a uniform designation for the thermal management control module and actuators, and this does not affect the structural relationships in this embodiment where the thermal management control module is electrically connected to the temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and actuators, respectively.

[0099] The following combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The typical operating conditions of the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage are described. Figure 1 In this context, A1-A8 represent exemplary refrigerant flow direction in refrigerant circulation loop 100 under one operating condition; B1-B4 represent exemplary coolant flow direction in energy storage converter coolant loop 200 under one operating condition; C1-C3 represent exemplary coolant flow direction in battery cell coolant loop 300 under one operating condition; and D1-D5 represent exemplary heat exchange medium flow direction related to waste heat storage and recovery structure 400. Figure 3 C4-C11 in the text are used to indicate exemplary flow directions of the cell coolant in the battery cluster branch 314. Figure 4B5-B8 in the diagram represent exemplary flow directions of the energy storage converter coolant in the energy storage converter cabinet 210.

[0100] It should be noted that Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The arrows in the diagram are used to indicate the direction of fluid flow or heat transfer under specific operating conditions. They do not limit the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system to operating in the same direction or along the same path under all operating conditions. Under different operating conditions, the connection states of the first reversing valve 204, the second reversing valve 304, the third reversing valve 321, and the cooling regulating valve 323 may differ.

[0101] I. Cooling Operation on the Energy Storage Converter Side

[0102] This operating condition applies to the use of the energy storage converter cabinet 210 when it is operating and generating heat, and when cooling of the energy storage converter cabinet 210 is required. Specifically, when the energy storage converter cabinet 210 needs to be cooled, the first reversing valve 204 connects the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 to the first evaporator heat exchanger 122. Figure 1 The refrigerant A1 flows through the pipeline containing the common condenser 112 and the liquid storage filter assembly 113, and enters the area where the evaporation heat exchange branch is located along A2. After entering the first evaporation heat exchange branch 120, the refrigerant flows along A8 in the refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporation heat exchanger 122.

[0103] The coolant in the energy storage converter circulates under the drive of the circulation pump 203 on the energy storage converter side. (See also...) Figure 1 In one exemplary flow pattern, the energy storage converter coolant can return from the energy storage converter cabinet 210 to the temperature control side pipeline along B1, then enter the vicinity of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122 along B2, and flow along B3 in the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122. A8 and B3 correspond to the fluid flow directions on both sides of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, respectively. The refrigerant and the energy storage converter coolant flow in mutually isolated flow channels and exchange heat through the heat exchange wall of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122.

[0104] The coolant from the energy storage converter, after heat exchange in the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, flows along B4 to the energy storage converter cabinet 210. (See also...) Figure 4After entering the energy storage converter cabinet 210, the coolant can flow along B5 into the energy storage converter cabinet 211, and then along B7 through the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213 and along B6 through the finned heat sink 214. The IGBT cold plate 213 is used for liquid-cooled heat exchange with the IGBT, and the finned heat sink 214 is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210. After heat exchange, the coolant flows out of the energy storage converter cabinet 210 along B8 and returns to the temperature control side piping.

[0105] It should be noted that Figure 4 B6 in the diagram represents an exemplary path through which the coolant from the energy storage converter flows via the finned heat sink 214. The fan 215 can be used to promote airflow around the finned heat sink 214 to improve heat exchange between the finned heat sink 214 and the air inside the cabinet or the heat-generating components inside the cabinet.

[0106] II. Cell-side cooling operation

[0107] This operating condition is applicable to situations where there is a need for cooling on the cell side.

[0108] Specifically, when the battery cabinet 310 needs cooling, the second reversing valve 304 connects the cell coolant circuit 300 to the second evaporative heat exchanger 132. (See also...) Figure 1 The refrigerant can flow along A1 through the pipeline containing the common condenser 112 and the liquid receiver filter assembly 113, enter the area containing the evaporation heat exchange branch along A2, and enter the second evaporation heat exchange branch 130 along A3. The refrigerant flows along A5 in the refrigerant channel of the second evaporation heat exchanger 132. After completing the evaporation heat exchange in the second evaporation heat exchanger 132, the refrigerant can return to the common refrigerant main circuit 110 or the suction side of the compressor assembly 111 via A6 and A7.

[0109] The cell coolant circulates under the drive of the cell-side circulation pump 303. (See also...) Figure 1 In one exemplary flow pattern, the cell coolant can return from the battery pack 310 to the temperature control side pipeline along C1 and enter the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132. The cell coolant flows along C2 within the second evaporative heat exchanger 132. A5 and C2 correspond to the fluid flow directions on both sides of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132, respectively. The refrigerant and cell coolant flow within mutually isolated flow channels and exchange heat through the heat exchange walls of the second evaporative heat exchanger 132. After heat exchange in the second evaporative heat exchanger 132, the cell coolant flows along C3 back to the battery pack 310.

[0110] See Figure 3After entering the battery cabinet group 310, the cell coolant can flow along C4 in the main pipeline of the battery cabinet group 310, and along C5 into the third reversing valve 321 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314. When the third reversing valve 321 allows the cell coolant to enter the branch section where the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 is located, when the interface x and interface y of the third reversing valve 321 are connected, the cell coolant flows along C6 through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322; when the interface x and interface z of the third reversing valve 321 are connected, the cell coolant bypasses the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 along the bypass branch corresponding to C7. When the interface l and interface m of the cooling regulating valve 323 are connected, the cell coolant after passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 enters the cluster cooling branch 315 along C8 to exchange heat with multiple battery packs 313. After completing the heat exchange, the cell coolant can return along C10 to the connecting pipeline of the cell coolant circuit 300. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The diagram only uses one C8 example to indicate the flow direction of the cell coolant into the in-cluster cooling branch 315, and does not mean that the cell coolant only enters one in-cluster cooling branch 315, nor does it mean that it only exchanges heat with one battery pack 313. For multiple battery packs 313 in the same battery cluster 312, the cell coolant can enter the in-cluster cooling branch 315 corresponding to each of the multiple battery packs 313 to achieve heat exchange with multiple battery packs 313.

[0111] III. Battery Cluster Branch Cold Storage Operation

[0112] This operating condition is suitable for situations where the battery cell does not require direct cooling, or where the direct cooling requirement for the battery cell is low, but it is necessary to store cold energy in advance for the subsequent heat load on the battery cell side.

[0113] Specifically, see Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the battery cluster branch cold storage operation, the second reversing valve 304 can connect the cell coolant circuit 300 with the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132. After exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, the cell coolant can flow along... Figure 1 C3 flows to battery cabinet group 310.

[0114] See Figure 3 After entering the battery cabinet group 310, the cell coolant can flow along C4 in the second cell coolant connecting pipe 302, and then along C5 into the third reversing valve 321 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314. When the ports x and y of the third reversing valve 321 are connected, the cell coolant flows along C6 through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. At this time, the phase change material in the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 exchanges heat with the cell coolant to store the cold energy from the second evaporative heat exchanger 132.

[0115] Under the cold storage condition of the battery cluster branch, interface l and interface n of the cold release regulating valve 323 are connected. The cell coolant after passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 enters the return branch through the cold release regulating valve 323, and can return to the first cell coolant connection pipe 301 along C9 and C10, and then along... Figure 3 C11 and Figure 1 C1 returns to the temperature control side piping. Under this operating condition, the cell coolant does not enter the cluster cooling branch 315, and the battery pack 313 does not participate in this cold storage and heat exchange process. It should be noted that... Figure 3 C11 in the text indicates the local backflow direction of the cell coolant after it flows from the battery cluster branch 314 into the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301; Figure 1 C1 in the code indicates the overall return flow direction of the coolant in the first connection pipe 301 of the battery cell coolant, from the battery cabinet group 310 back to the temperature control side pipe. In other words, C11 and C1 correspond to the same return flow process. Figure 3 Local structure and Figure 1 Different diagrams in the system master plan show that the coolant in the battery cell after C11 can flow along... Figure 1 C1 continues to return to the cell coolant circuit 300.

[0116] IV. Battery Cluster Branch Cooling and Temperature Equilibrium Operation

[0117] This operating condition applies when there are temperature differences between different battery clusters 312, or when some battery clusters 312 need to obtain more cooling.

[0118] Specifically, see Figure 3 In the battery cluster branch cooling and temperature equalization mode, the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 releases the stored cold energy. This mode can be executed when the cell-side heat load is high, the peak load is large, or there are temperature differences between different battery clusters 312. Unlike the battery cluster branch cooling mode, the battery cluster branch cooling and temperature equalization mode mainly utilizes the cold energy stored in the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, and does not require the cell coolant to first obtain cold energy in real time through the second evaporation heat exchanger 132.

[0119] Under the condition of cooling and equalizing temperature in the battery cluster branch, the ports x and y of the third reversing valve 321 are connected, and the ports l and m of the cooling regulating valve 323 are connected. After entering the third reversing valve 321 along C5, the cell coolant can flow through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 along C6. After being cooled by the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the cell coolant flows out through the ports l and m of the cooling regulating valve 323 and enters the cluster cooling branch 315 along C8. In the cluster cooling branch 315, the cell coolant exchanges heat with multiple battery packs 313, and after completing the heat exchange, the cell coolant flows back into the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301.

[0120] Furthermore, when there are temperature differences between different battery clusters 312, the thermal management control module can control the cooling regulating valve 323 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 according to the temperature of each battery cluster 312. For the target battery cluster whose temperature is equal to the highest temperature of the cell, the thermal management control module can control the cooling regulating valve 323 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 of the target battery cluster to increase the flow rate of coolant entering the cooling branch 315 within the cluster after passing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 via interface l and interface m. As a result, the amount of cooling obtained by the battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster increases, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the target battery cluster and other battery clusters 312.

[0121] Optionally, when the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 is not required to participate in cold storage or release, the interfaces x and z of the third reversing valve 321 can be connected, allowing the cell coolant to bypass the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 and flow to the cold release regulating valve 323. This bypass state is used to illustrate another connection relationship of the third reversing valve 321 and does not affect the heat exchange function of the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 during the cold storage and release process.

[0122] It should be noted that Figure 3 The passage uses only one C8 example to indicate the flow direction of the cell coolant from the cooling regulating valve 323 into the in-cluster cooling branch 315. This does not mean that the cell coolant only enters one in-cluster cooling branch 315, nor does it mean that it only exchanges heat with one battery pack 313.

[0123] V. Waste Heat Storage Conditions on the Energy Storage Converter Side

[0124] This operating condition applies to the use of the energy storage converter cabinet 210 when it is operating and generating waste heat, and the system needs to recover this waste heat.

[0125] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 Under the condition of waste heat storage on the energy storage converter side, the thermal management control module can control the connection of interface e and interface f of the first reversing valve 204, so that the coolant circuit 200 of the energy storage converter is connected to the waste heat storage and reuse structure 400. At this time, interface g of the first reversing valve 204 is not used as the main flow interface of the coolant in the energy storage converter.

[0126] See Figure 4The coolant for the energy storage converter can enter the energy storage converter cabinet 211 along B5, and then flow along B7 through the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213 and along B6 through the finned heat sink 214. The IGBT cold plate 213 is used for heat exchange with the IGBT, and the finned heat sink 214 is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210. After heat exchange, the coolant can flow out of the energy storage converter cabinet 210 along B8, carrying the heat generated by the energy storage converter cabinet 210 into the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200.

[0127] See Figure 1 The coolant carrying heat from the energy storage converter can return to the temperature control side pipeline from the energy storage converter cabinet 210 along B1, and enter the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 under the switching action of the first reversing valve 204. After entering the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400, the coolant can flow along the routes shown in D1, D2, and D3, and exchange heat with the energy storage converter side flow channels in the phase change heat storage module 401 and the waste heat exchanger 402, so that the waste heat on the energy storage converter side is stored in the phase change heat storage module 401. After completing the heat exchange, the coolant can return to the energy storage converter cabinet 210 along B4 to form a waste heat storage cycle on the energy storage converter side.

[0128] Under this operating condition, the first reversing valve 204 switches the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 to the waste heat storage and reuse structure 400, allowing the energy storage converter coolant to participate in the waste heat storage process as a heat exchange medium carrying waste heat. The phase change heat storage module 401 is used to store the waste heat on the energy storage converter side, and the waste heat exchanger 402 is used to transfer the waste heat on the energy storage converter side to the cell coolant circuit 300 during subsequent heat extraction.

[0129] VI. Waste Heat Exchanger Heat Extraction Operation

[0130] This operating condition applies to situations where heat needs to be extracted from the battery cell side, and the waste heat from the energy storage converter side or the heat stored in the phase change heat storage module 401 can be reused.

[0131] Specifically, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 Under the heat extraction condition of the waste heat exchanger, the thermal management control module can control the connection between interface b and interface c of the second reversing valve 304, so that the cell coolant circuit 300 is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402. At this time, interface a of the second reversing valve 304 does not serve as the main flow interface for the cell coolant.

[0132] See Figure 1The cell coolant can return from the battery cabinet group 310 to the temperature control side pipeline along C1, and enter the waste heat exchanger 402 under the switching action of the second reversing valve 304. After entering the waste heat exchanger 402, the cell coolant can flow along the routes shown in D4 and D5, and absorb heat from the energy storage converter side or the phase change heat storage module 401 in the waste heat exchanger 402.

[0133] Under this operating condition, the waste heat exchanger 402 serves as the heat exchange interface between the heat exchange medium on the energy storage converter side and the heat exchange medium on the battery cell side. D2 can represent the flow direction of the heat exchange medium on the energy storage converter side in the waste heat exchanger 402, and D5 can represent the flow direction of the heat exchange medium on the battery cell side in the waste heat exchanger 402. Both exchange heat in the waste heat exchanger 402, but the energy storage converter coolant and the battery cell coolant do not mix directly.

[0134] Furthermore, there is a flow direction connection between D4, D5, and C1. Specifically, C1 indicates the overall return direction of the cell coolant from the battery cabinet 310 back to the temperature control side pipeline; after returning along C1, the cell coolant can enter the waste heat exchanger 402 through the second reversing valve 304, and flow along D4 and D5 in the waste heat exchanger 402. After absorbing heat in the waste heat exchanger 402, the cell coolant can flow back to the battery cabinet 310 for preheating or insulation of the cells.

[0135] VII. Cell preheating and insulation conditions

[0136] This operating condition is suitable for applications where the cell temperature is low and preheating or insulation of the cell is required.

[0137] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 When the minimum temperature of the battery cell is lower than the preset low temperature threshold, the thermal management control module can execute the battery cell preheating and insulation mode. Under this mode, the interfaces e and f of the first reversing valve 204 are connected, and the interfaces b and c of the second reversing valve 304 are connected. The circulating pump 203 on the energy storage converter side and the circulating pump 303 on the battery cell side can operate, so that the heat stored in the waste heat or phase change heat storage module 401 on the energy storage converter side is transferred to the battery cell coolant circuit 300 through the waste heat heat exchanger 402.

[0138] See Figure 1 The coolant from the energy storage converter can flow through the waste heat storage and recovery structure 400 via routes B1, D1, D2, D3, and B4 to provide waste heat from the energy storage converter side to the phase change heat storage module 401 and / or the waste heat exchanger 402. The cell coolant can return to the temperature control side pipeline along C1 and flow through the cell coolant channels of the waste heat exchanger 402 via D4 and D5 to absorb heat in the waste heat exchanger 402.

[0139] See Figure 3 After being heated by the waste heat exchanger 402, the cell coolant enters the battery cabinet group 310 and flows along C4 in the second cell coolant connecting pipe 302, and then along C5 into the third reversing valve 321 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314. In one preheating flow direction, the ports x and z of the third reversing valve 321 are connected, allowing the cell coolant to bypass the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 along the bypass branch corresponding to C7 and flow to the cold release regulating valve 323. When the ports l and m of the cold release regulating valve 323 are connected, the cell coolant can enter the in-cluster cooling branch 315 along C8 and exchange heat with multiple battery packs 313 in the in-cluster cooling branch 315 to transfer heat to the cells in the battery packs 313.

[0140] After heat exchange, the cell coolant can flow into the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301 and flow along... Figure 3 C11 flows out from the area where battery cluster branch 314 is located. Figure 3 C11 and Figure 1 C1 in the diagram corresponds to different representations of the same reflux process in the local structure diagram and the overall system diagram. The cell coolant after C11 can flow along... Figure 1 C1 returns to the temperature control side pipeline and re-enters the waste heat exchanger 402 for heat extraction circulation.

[0141] Through the above process, the waste heat from the energy storage converter side can be transferred to the cell coolant circuit 300 via the phase change heat storage module 401 and the waste heat exchanger 402. The cell coolant then carries the heat into the battery cabinet group 310, and transfers the heat to the cells through the corresponding in-cluster cooling branch 315 of the battery pack 313, thereby achieving preheating or heat preservation of the cells. Example 2

[0142] Reference Figure 5 This embodiment provides a control method for an energy storage dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system, including:

[0143] S101: Obtain the temperature of the energy storage converter side, the highest temperature of the cell, the lowest temperature of the cell, and the temperature of each battery cluster.

[0144] Specifically, the temperature on the energy storage converter side can include at least one of the following: the temperature of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor, the temperature of the low-power devices within the energy storage converter cabinet 210, and the temperature of the energy storage converter coolant. The maximum and minimum cell temperatures can be obtained by the battery management system or temperature sensors installed in the battery cabinet 310. The temperature of each battery cluster 312 can correspond to the temperature of the battery pack 313 within each battery cluster 312, a representative temperature of each battery cluster 312, or the coolant temperature near the branch 314 of each battery cluster.

[0145] Optionally, Figure 2 and Figure 3 T1-T9 in the diagram can be used as temperature detection locations. Figure 2 P1-P3 can be used as pressure detection points for refrigerant circulation loop 100. Figure 2 L1 and L2 in the diagram can be used as flow detection locations for the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 and the cell coolant circuit 300. The above detection locations are used to illustrate the method of acquiring the detection signals and do not limit the temperature detection element, pressure detection element, and flow sensor to the positions shown in the diagram.

[0146] S102. When the temperature on the energy storage converter side is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, control the first reversing valve to connect the energy storage converter coolant circuit with the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger, and control the energy storage converter side circulation pump to drive the energy storage converter coolant circulation, so that the energy storage converter coolant flows through the energy storage converter cabinet after heat exchange in the first evaporative heat exchanger.

[0147] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The first reversing valve 204 connects the first connecting pipe 201 of the energy storage converter coolant to the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger 122. The energy storage converter-side circulation pump 203 drives the energy storage converter coolant to circulate in the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200. When the energy storage converter coolant flows through the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, it exchanges heat with the refrigerant inside the first evaporator heat exchanger 122. After heat exchange in the first evaporator heat exchanger 122, the energy storage converter coolant enters the energy storage converter cabinet 210.

[0148] See Figure 4 In one operating state, the coolant of the energy storage converter can enter the energy storage converter cabinet 211 along B5, flow through the insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) cold plate 213 along B7, flow through the finned heat sink 214 along B6, and exit the energy storage converter cabinet 210 along B8. The IGBT cold plate 213 is used for heat exchange with the IGBT, and the finned heat sink 214 is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210. The fan 215 can promote airflow around the finned heat sink 214.

[0149] Optionally, the first preset temperature threshold can be pre-configured according to the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage converter cabinet 210. In one embodiment, the first preset temperature threshold can be the temperature threshold of an insulated gate bipolar transistor, such as 60°C. In another embodiment, the first preset temperature threshold can also be the temperature threshold of the energy storage converter coolant or the temperature threshold of the heat-generating components inside the energy storage converter cabinet 210.

[0150] S103. When the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the second preset temperature threshold, control the second reversing valve to connect the battery cell coolant circuit with the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger, and control the battery cell side circulation pump to drive the battery cell coolant circulation so that the battery cell coolant flows through the battery cabinet after heat exchange in the second evaporative heat exchanger.

[0151] Specifically, the second reversing valve 304 connects the first connecting pipe 301 of the cell coolant to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger 132. The cell-side circulation pump 303 drives the cell coolant to circulate in the cell coolant circuit 300. When the cell coolant flows through the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, it exchanges heat with the refrigerant inside the second evaporator heat exchanger 132. After heat exchange in the second evaporator heat exchanger 132, the cell coolant enters the battery cabinet group 310 and then enters the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 of each battery cluster 312.

[0152] See Figure 3 In one operating state, the cell coolant can flow along C4 in the main pipeline of the battery cabinet group 310, and then along C5 into the third reversing valve 321. When the third reversing valve 321 allows the cell coolant to enter the branch section where the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 is located, the cell coolant can flow along C6 through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, and then through the cold release regulating valve 323. Afterwards, the cell coolant enters the in-cluster cooling branch 315, and exchanges heat with multiple battery packs 313 in the battery cluster 312 along the in-cluster cooling branch 315. After heat exchange, the cell coolant flows into the first cell coolant connecting pipe 301, and can then flow along... Figure 3 C11 and Figure 1 C1 returns to the temperature control side pipeline.

[0153] Optionally, the second preset temperature threshold can be pre-configured according to the allowable operating temperature of the battery cell. In one embodiment, the second preset temperature threshold can be 28°C. When the maximum temperature of the battery cell is higher than the second preset temperature threshold, the thermal management control module can control the second reversing valve 304 and the battery cell-side circulation pump 303 to put the battery cell coolant circuit 300 into a battery cell-side cooling state.

[0154] S104. Determine the cell temperature difference based on the cell's highest and lowest temperatures. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold, identify the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the cell's highest temperature as the target battery cluster. Control the third reversing valve and the cold release regulating valve in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster to increase the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster.

[0155] Specifically, the cell temperature difference can be the difference between the highest and lowest cell temperatures. A preset temperature difference threshold can be configured according to the uniform temperature requirements of the battery pack 310. In one embodiment, the preset temperature difference threshold can be 2°C. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset temperature difference threshold, it indicates that there is a temperature difference between different battery clusters 312, and branch-level cooling regulation is required for the battery cluster 312 whose temperature is equal to the highest cell temperature.

[0156] Furthermore, the thermal management control module can control the third reversing valve 321 in the battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster, connecting the battery cluster branch 314 to the corresponding distributed phase change cold storage module 322. The thermal management control module can also control the coolant release regulating valve 323 to increase the coolant flow rate through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. By increasing the coolant flow rate through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster can obtain a greater amount of coolant release, thereby regulating the heat exchange of the target battery cluster.

[0157] See Figure 3 The third directional valve 321 has interfaces x, y, and z, and the coolant release regulating valve 323 has interfaces l, m, and n. In a specific connection configuration, the third directional valve 321 allows the cell coolant to enter through interface x and flow through interface y to the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. After being cooled by the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, the coolant reaches the coolant release regulating valve 323. The coolant release regulating valve 323 can regulate the flow rate of the coolant entering through interface l and flowing through interface m to the cluster cooling branch 315. Interfaces x, y, z, l, m, and n are used for illustration. Figure 3 This is a specific connection method, and it does not limit the third reversing valve 321 and the cooling regulating valve 323 to using only this interface naming method.

[0158] It should be noted that "battery cluster 312 with a temperature equal to the highest cell temperature" in S104 is used to clarify the method for determining the target battery cluster. When there are two or more battery clusters 312 with temperatures equal to the highest cell temperature, these battery clusters 312 can be determined as target battery clusters, and the third reversing valve 321 and the cooling regulating valve 323 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 can be controlled respectively.

[0159] S105. When the minimum temperature of the battery cell is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, control the first reversing valve to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, and control the second reversing valve to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, so that the heat on the side of the energy storage converter is transferred to the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell through the waste heat exchanger.

[0160] Specifically, the third preset temperature threshold can be pre-configured according to the cell preheating or insulation requirements. In one embodiment, the third preset temperature threshold can be 15°C. When the minimum temperature of the cell is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, the thermal management control module can control the first reversing valve 204 to connect the energy storage converter coolant circuit 200 with the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402; at the same time, the thermal management control module can control the second reversing valve 304 to connect the cell coolant circuit 300 with the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402.

[0161] The waste heat exchanger 402 has mutually isolated flow channels for the energy storage converter coolant and the battery cell coolant. The energy storage converter coolant, carrying heat generated by the energy storage converter cabinet 210, enters one flow channel of the waste heat exchanger 402, while the battery cell coolant enters the other flow channel. The energy storage converter coolant and the battery cell coolant transfer heat through the heat exchange wall of the waste heat exchanger 402 without mixing. The heated battery cell coolant enters the battery cabinet 310 and transfers heat to the battery pack 313 through the battery cluster branch 314 and the intra-cluster cooling branch 315.

[0162] Furthermore, the heat on the energy storage converter side can also be stored by the phase change heat storage module 401. When the minimum temperature of the battery cell is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, the phase change heat storage module 401 releases heat and transfers it to the battery cell coolant circuit 300 via the waste heat exchanger 402. Thus, the heat on the energy storage converter side can be used for battery cell preheating or insulation.

[0163] Optionally, when the minimum temperature of the battery cell rises above a fourth preset temperature threshold, the battery cell preheating or heat preservation control can be stopped. The fourth preset temperature threshold can be higher than the third preset temperature threshold. In one embodiment, the fourth preset temperature threshold can be 18°C. This setting can reduce the frequent switching of battery cell preheating or heat preservation control.

[0164] It should be noted that S102, S103, S104, and S105 correspond to different temperature regulation requirements. Cooling on the energy storage converter side, cooling on the cell side, inter-cluster cold release regulation, and cell preheating or insulation can be performed separately according to the operating status of the energy storage system; within the same time period, combined control can also be performed based on the detection results of the energy storage converter side temperature, the highest cell temperature, the lowest cell temperature, and the cell temperature difference. The above control process is used to illustrate the control coordination relationship between the thermal management control module and the first reversing valve 204, the second reversing valve 304, the third reversing valve 321, the cold release regulating valve 323, the energy storage converter side circulation pump 203, and the cell side circulation pump 303, and does not require that each step must be performed in all operating states.

[0165] It should be noted that the control method in this embodiment can be applied to the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system of energy storage in any of the foregoing embodiments. It should be noted that... Figure 5 This is used to illustrate the main control process in the control method. Figure 5 S101 to S105 do not imply that each step must be performed in a fixed order in all cases. Cooling control on the energy storage converter side, cooling control on the cell side, inter-cluster cooling regulation control, and cell preheating control can be triggered separately according to the corresponding detection signals.

[0166] In one specific embodiment, determining the cell temperature difference based on the cell's highest and lowest temperatures in step S104, and controlling the third reversing valve 321 and the cooling regulating valve 323 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 of the target battery cluster 312, may include the following steps:

[0167] S1041. Calculate the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the battery cell to obtain the battery cell temperature difference.

[0168] Specifically, the highest cell temperature can be the maximum value among the detected temperatures of each battery cluster 312 or each battery pack 313 in the battery cabinet group 310, and the lowest cell temperature can be the minimum value among the detected temperatures of each battery cluster 312 or each battery pack 313 in the battery cabinet group 310. The cell temperature difference is the difference between the highest cell temperature and the lowest cell temperature.

[0169] S1042. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to the preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster 312 with the temperature equal to the highest temperature of the cell is determined as the target battery cluster.

[0170] Optionally, the preset temperature difference threshold can be 2℃. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to 2℃, it indicates that there is a temperature difference that needs to be adjusted between different battery clusters 312 within the battery cabinet 310. The thermal management control module identifies the battery cluster 312 whose temperature is equal to the highest cell temperature as the target battery cluster. When there are two or more battery clusters 312 whose temperatures are all equal to the highest cell temperature, these two or more battery clusters 312 can all be identified as target battery clusters, and the corresponding battery cluster branches 314 can be adjusted respectively.

[0171] S1043. Control the third reversing valve 321 in the battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster, so that the battery cluster branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster is connected to the corresponding distributed phase change cold storage module 322.

[0172] Specifically, see Figure 3The third reversing valve 321 has interfaces x, y, and z. In one connection state, interface x is connected to the second cell coolant connection pipe 302, and interface y is connected to the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. The thermal management control module controls the third reversing valve 321 so that the cell coolant entering the corresponding cell cluster branch 314 of the target cell cluster enters the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 through interfaces x and y. After the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 releases its cooling capacity, the cell coolant continues to flow to the cooling release regulating valve 323 and the intra-cluster cooling branch 315.

[0173] S1044. Control the cooling regulating valve 323 in the branch 314 corresponding to the target battery cluster to increase the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 corresponding to the target battery cluster.

[0174] Specifically, see Figure 3 The cooling regulating valve 323 has interface 1, interface 2, and interface 3. In one connection state, interface 1 is connected to the distributed phase change cold storage module 322, and interface 2 is connected to the in-cluster cooling branch 315. The thermal management control module controls the cooling regulating valve 323 to direct the coolant from the battery cells after cooling by the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 to the in-cluster cooling branch 315, and increases the coolant flow rate through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322. As a result, the amount of cooling obtained by the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 of the target battery cluster increases, and the temperature difference between the target battery cluster and other battery clusters can be reduced.

[0175] Optionally, when the cell temperature difference is less than a preset temperature difference threshold, the cooling regulating valve 323 in each battery cluster branch 314 can maintain the current flow rate or ensure that different battery cluster branches 314 maintain a consistent flow rate. It should be noted that the preset temperature difference threshold of 2°C is only used to illustrate one specific implementation and does not limit the preset temperature difference threshold to 2°C.

[0176] Furthermore, after the target battery cluster completes its cooling regulation, the thermal management control module can continue to acquire the highest and lowest cell temperatures and recalculate the cell temperature difference. When the recalculated cell temperature difference is less than a preset temperature difference threshold, the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module 322 in the corresponding battery cluster branch 314 can be reduced, or the current coolant flow rate can be maintained. This process is used to illustrate the feedback relationship of inter-cluster temperature difference regulation and does not limit the thermal management control module to perform the above judgment at a fixed period. The above embodiments should not limit this application in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent conversion fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dual-temperature-zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage, characterized in that, This includes the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, the battery cell coolant loop, and the waste heat storage and recovery structure. The refrigerant circulation loop includes a first evaporative heat exchange branch for exchanging heat with the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter, and a second evaporative heat exchange branch for exchanging heat with the coolant circuit of the battery cell. The cell coolant circuit is connected to the battery cabinet group, which includes multiple battery clusters. Each battery cluster is configured with a corresponding battery cluster branch, and the battery cluster branch is heat exchanged with the corresponding battery cluster. Each of the battery cluster branches is equipped with a distributed phase change cold storage module and a cold release regulating valve. The cold release regulating valve is used to regulate the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch. The energy storage converter coolant circuit is connected to the energy storage converter cabinet group; The waste heat storage and reuse structure includes a phase change heat storage module and a waste heat exchanger. The phase change heat storage module is connected to the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter, and the waste heat exchanger is connected to both the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter and the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell.

2. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first evaporative heat exchange branch includes a first evaporative heat exchanger, which has a refrigerant flow channel and an energy storage converter coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the first evaporative heat exchange branch, and the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger is connected to the energy storage converter coolant circuit. The second evaporation heat exchange branch includes a second evaporation heat exchanger, which has a refrigerant flow channel and a battery cell coolant flow channel. The refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporation heat exchanger is connected to the second evaporation heat exchange branch, and the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporation heat exchanger is connected to the battery cell coolant circuit. The waste heat exchanger has a coolant channel for the energy storage converter and a coolant channel for the battery cell. The coolant channel for the energy storage converter of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the coolant circuit of the energy storage converter, and the coolant channel for the battery cell of the waste heat exchanger is connected to the coolant circuit of the battery cell.

3. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 2, characterized in that, The refrigerant circulation loop includes a common refrigerant main loop, a first evaporation heat exchange branch, and a second evaporation heat exchange branch; The refrigerant common main circuit includes a compressor assembly, a common condenser, and a liquid receiver filter assembly, with the discharge end of the compressor assembly, the common condenser, and the liquid receiver filter assembly connected in sequence. The outlet of the liquid storage filtration assembly is connected to the first evaporation heat exchange branch and the second evaporation heat exchange branch, respectively.

4. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first evaporation heat exchange branch also includes a first throttling element and a first gas-liquid separator, wherein the first throttling element, the refrigerant flow channel of the first evaporation heat exchanger and the first gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction; The second evaporation heat exchange branch also includes a second throttling element and a second gas-liquid separator, wherein the second throttling element, the refrigerant flow channel of the second evaporation heat exchanger and the second gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence along the refrigerant flow direction; The outlets of the first gas-liquid separator and the second gas-liquid separator merge and are connected to the suction end of the compressor assembly.

5. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cabinet group includes at least one battery cabinet, and the battery cluster is arranged inside the battery cabinet; The battery cluster includes multiple battery packs and an internal cooling branch, which is heat-exchange connected to the multiple battery packs. The battery cluster branch includes the corresponding intra-cluster cooling branch.

6. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cell coolant circuit includes a first cell coolant connection pipe, a second cell coolant connection pipe, a cell-side circulation pump, and a second reversing valve. Among them, the first connecting pipe for cell coolant and the second connecting pipe for cell coolant are respectively connected to the battery cabinet assembly; The second reversing valve is connected to the cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporator heat exchanger and the cell coolant flow channel of the waste heat heat exchanger, and is also connected to the first cell coolant connection pipeline. The cell-side circulation pump is connected to the second connection pipe for the cell coolant. Each battery cluster branch includes a third reversing valve and an internal cooling branch, and the second connecting pipe for the cell coolant is connected to the third reversing valve in each battery cluster branch. In each battery cluster branch, the third reversing valve, the distributed phase change cold storage module, the cold release regulating valve, and the cluster cooling branch are connected in sequence along the coolant flow direction. The cluster cooling branch is connected to the battery pack for heat exchange and is connected to the first connecting pipe of the cell coolant.

7. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The energy storage converter coolant circuit includes a first connection pipe for energy storage converter coolant, a second connection pipe for energy storage converter coolant, a first reversing valve, and a circulation pump on the energy storage converter side. The energy storage converter cabinet includes an insulated gate bipolar transistor cold plate and a finned heat sink that is separately arranged from the insulated gate bipolar transistor cold plate. Among them, the first connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant and the second connecting pipe for the energy storage converter coolant are respectively connected to the energy storage converter cabinet group; The first reversing valve is connected to the first evaporator heat exchanger, the waste heat heat exchanger, and the first connecting pipeline of the energy storage converter coolant, respectively. The energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporator heat exchanger and the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the waste heat heat exchanger are both connected to the energy storage converter side circulation pump. The circulating pump on the energy storage converter side is connected to the second connection pipeline of the energy storage converter coolant; The cold plate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor is connected between the first connection pipe of the energy storage converter coolant and the second connection pipe of the energy storage converter coolant, and the finned heat sink is connected between the first connection pipe of the energy storage converter coolant and the second connection pipe of the energy storage converter coolant. Among them, the cold plate of the insulated gate bipolar transistor is used for heat exchange with the insulated gate bipolar transistor, and the finned heat sink is used for heat exchange with the heat-generating components in the energy storage converter cabinet.

8. The dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a thermal management control module, temperature sensing devices, pressure sensing devices, and actuators; The temperature detection element is disposed in at least one of the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, and the battery cell coolant loop; The pressure detection element is installed in the refrigerant circulation loop; The actuator includes at least one of a valve, a pump, a fan, and a compressor assembly, and the actuator is disposed in the refrigerant circulation loop, the energy storage converter coolant loop, the cell coolant loop, the energy storage converter cabinet, or the battery cabinet. The thermal management control module is electrically connected to the temperature detection element, the pressure detection element, and the actuator, respectively.

9. A control method for a dual-temperature-zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage, characterized in that, The control method, applied to the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprises: Acquire the temperature of the energy storage converter side, the highest temperature of the cell, the lowest temperature of the cell, and the temperature of each battery cluster; When the temperature on the energy storage converter side is higher than the first preset temperature threshold, the first reversing valve is controlled to connect the energy storage converter coolant circuit with the energy storage converter coolant flow channel of the first evaporative heat exchanger, and the energy storage converter side circulation pump is controlled to drive the energy storage converter coolant circulation, so that the energy storage converter coolant flows through the energy storage converter cabinet after heat exchange in the first evaporative heat exchanger. When the highest temperature of the battery cell is higher than the second preset temperature threshold, the second reversing valve is controlled to connect the battery cell coolant circuit with the battery cell coolant flow channel of the second evaporative heat exchanger, and the battery cell side circulation pump is controlled to drive the battery cell coolant circulation so that the battery cell coolant flows through the battery cabinet after heat exchange in the second evaporative heat exchanger. The cell temperature difference is determined based on the cell's highest temperature and lowest temperature. When the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the cell's highest temperature is identified as the target battery cluster. The third reversing valve and the cold release regulating valve in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster are controlled to increase the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster. When the minimum temperature of the battery cell is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, the first reversing valve is controlled to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the energy storage converter with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, and the second reversing valve is controlled to connect the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell with the cooling fluid flow channel of the waste heat exchanger, so that the heat on the energy storage converter side is transferred to the cooling fluid circuit of the battery cell via the waste heat exchanger.

10. The control method for the dual-temperature zone liquid-cooled thermal management system for energy storage according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of determining the cell temperature difference based on the cell's highest and lowest temperatures, and when the cell temperature difference is greater than or equal to a preset temperature difference threshold, identifying the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the cell's highest temperature as the target battery cluster, and controlling the third reversing valve and cooling regulating valve in the corresponding battery cluster branch of the target battery cluster, includes: The temperature difference of the battery cell is obtained by calculating the difference between the highest temperature of the battery cell and the lowest temperature of the battery cell. When the temperature difference between the cells is greater than or equal to the preset temperature difference threshold, the battery cluster with a temperature equal to the highest temperature of the cells is identified as the target battery cluster. Control the third reversing valve in the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster to connect the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster with the corresponding distributed phase change cold storage module; Control the cooling regulating valve in the branch corresponding to the target battery cluster to increase the flow rate of coolant flowing through the distributed phase change cold storage module corresponding to the target battery cluster.

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