An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of new energy batteries, and more particularly to an explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release. Existing devices have limited applicability and low safety; when a battery experiences thermal runaway, it can easily damage other equipment, resulting in significant losses. Furthermore, the high-temperature flames and harmful fumes generated by thermal runaway cannot be effectively removed. An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release includes a support frame; the support frame has several cavities, each containing several batteries; several one-way valves are installed on both sides of the support frame, and a multi-port pipe communicates with the cavities through the one-way valves. This design releases and filters the high-temperature, high-pressure energy and harmful fumes, and by using different cavities within the support frame, the thermally runaway battery is isolated from batteries in other cavities, thus reducing the likelihood of affecting other normally functioning batteries and minimizing losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy batteries, and in particular to an explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of new energy, batteries are important components. Batteries generate heat during charging and discharging. Heat accumulation or system failures such as battery short circuits can cause thermal runaway in the usage scenario. Under normal circumstances, battery thermal runaway is not easy to control effectively. Therefore, when thermal runaway occurs, it is necessary to disconnect all circuits or conduct the high temperature and high pressure energy generated by thermal runaway to release and cool it down, thereby reducing the risk of subsequent explosion caused by the accumulation of high temperature and high pressure energy.

[0003] However, existing new energy battery pack solutions have fatal safety hazards of being easily exploded and flammable. High-temperature combustion produces toxic fumes that are fatal to people and can easily damage other equipment, resulting in significant losses. Furthermore, the high-temperature flames and harmful fumes generated by thermal runaway cannot be effectively removed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release that is more applicable and effectively reduces losses and harmful fumes in the event of battery thermal runaway.

[0005] An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release includes two supports with several cavities between them. Each cavity is equipped with a mechanical temperature control switch and contains several batteries. A multi-port pipe is fixedly connected to both supports. Several one-way valves are provided on both sides of each support. The multi-port pipe communicates with the cavities through the one-way valves. A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the multi-port pipe to provide pressure relief protection inside the supports in the event of thermal runaway of the batteries.

[0006] One of the multi-port pipes is equipped with several control valves, and a fan is installed on the multi-port pipe.

[0007] Further explanation includes a trigger control circuit connected to the fan and configured to drive the fan to start for air circulation in response to a thermal runaway signal in the battery pack. The trigger control circuit includes a fan backup power supply, a transistor, a fan temperature control switch, and a relay coil. The backup power supply is connected in parallel with the diode and then connected to one end of the relay coil. The controlled switch is connected to the other end of the relay coil. The normally open contact of the relay is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the fan.

[0008] To further explain, the pressure relief mechanism includes a heat dissipation pipe, which is connected to the multi-port pipe via the connecting pipe. Several heat dissipation fins are fixedly connected to the heat dissipation pipe, and a filter is fixedly connected to the end of the heat dissipation pipe away from the connecting pipe.

[0009] To further explain, the pressure relief mechanism includes a liquid storage tank, which is connected to a circulation inlet pipe and a circulation outlet pipe. The circulation outlet pipe and the circulation inlet pipe are respectively connected to the multi-port pipes on both sides of the support. A circulation pump is provided on the circulation inlet pipe.

[0010] Further explanation: It also includes a placement rack, in which several supports are placed. A central pipe is connected between the multi-port pipes on the supports. A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the central pipe. A trip circuit breaker is installed in the placement rack. The trip circuit breaker is electrically connected to the battery. A circuit breaker is provided on the trip circuit breaker. A piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the placement rack. A branch pipe is connected between the piston cylinder and the central pipe. A piston rod is slidably connected in the piston cylinder. One side of the piston rod is in contact with the circuit breaker.

[0011] To further explain, the pressure relief mechanism includes an upper water tank, which is connected to the central pipe via a second connecting pipe. The upper water tank is fixedly connected to the top of the placement frame, and a buoyancy plug is engaged at the connection between the upper water tank and the second connecting pipe.

[0012] Further explanation includes a protection circuit for controlling the tripped circuit breaker. The circuit includes: a backup power supply, a tripping coil, and several mechanical temperature control switches. All the mechanical temperature control switches are normally open. The negative terminal of the backup power supply is electrically connected to the first terminal of the tripping coil. The multiple mechanical temperature control switches arranged in parallel are connected in series with the positive terminal of the backup power supply and the second terminal of the tripping coil. When at least one mechanical temperature control switch is closed, the backup power supply supplies power to the tripping coil.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. High-temperature and high-pressure energy and harmful flue gas are depressurized, released and filtered. Furthermore, by setting multiple independent cavities in the support, the thermal runaway battery is isolated from the batteries in other cavities, which makes it less likely to affect other normally operating batteries and reduces losses. Moreover, by dividing the battery pack into several batteries, the energy generated by thermal runaway of a battery in a single cavity can also be reduced, making the high temperature and high pressure after thermal runaway more controllable.

[0014] 2. When using the upper water tank, add sufficient fire extinguishing liquid to it. Install a buoyancy plug inside the second connecting pipe. When the high temperature and high pressure energy generated by the battery thermal runaway enters the central pipe through the multi-port pipe, some of the high temperature and high pressure energy will enter the piston cylinder through the branch pipe and push the piston rod to move and squeeze the circuit breaker, causing the trip circuit breaker to control the battery pack to disconnect the power. When the high temperature and high pressure energy enters the second connecting pipe, the high temperature and high pressure energy will push the buoyancy plug upward out of the second connecting pipe, making the second connecting pipe conductive. After the high temperature and high pressure energy is released, the fire extinguishing liquid in the upper water tank will flow back into the cavity of the support where thermal runaway occurred through the second connecting pipe to further extinguish the fire and ensure the subsequent stability of the battery.

[0015] 3. Safety is improved through multiple redundant protections of the protection circuit and tripping circuit breaker. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the bracket of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting pipe 2 and the piston rod of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the placement rack of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the trip circuit breaker, piston rod, and piston cylinder of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the protection circuit of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the trigger control circuit of the present invention.

[0025] In the attached diagrams: 101: bracket, 102: cavity, 2: battery, 3: one-way valve, 4: multi-port pipe, 401: fan, 402: control valve, 51: connecting pipe one, 52: connecting pipe two, 61: heat dissipation pipe, 62: heat dissipation fins, 63: filter, 71: placement rack, 72: central pipe, 73: tripped circuit breaker, 74: circuit breaker switch, 75: piston cylinder, 76: branch pipe, 77: piston rod, 81: upper water tank, 82: buoyancy plug, 1101: liquid storage tank, 1102: circulation inlet pipe, 1103: circulation outlet pipe, 1104: circulation pump. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The invention will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which presently preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated. However, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided for thoroughness and completeness and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release, such as Figure 1-9 As shown, the device includes two supports 101, with several cavities 102 between the two supports 101. Each cavity 102 is equipped with a mechanical temperature control switch, and several batteries 2 are placed in each cavity 102. A multi-port pipe 4 is fixedly connected to each of the two supports 101. Several one-way valves 3 are provided on the supports 101. The multi-port pipe 4 is connected to the cavity 102 through the one-way valves 3. A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the multi-port pipe 4. The pressure relief mechanism is used to relieve pressure and cool down the inside of the cavity 102 in the event of thermal runaway of the battery 2.

[0029] One of the multi-port pipes 4 is equipped with several control valves 402, and a fan 401 is installed on the multi-port pipe 4.

[0030] It also includes a trigger control circuit, which is connected to the fan 401 and configured to drive the fan 401 to start for air circulation in response to a thermal runaway signal in the battery pack. The trigger control circuit includes a fan backup power supply, a transistor, a fan temperature control switch, and a relay coil. The backup power supply is connected in parallel with the diode and then connected to one end of the relay coil. The controlled switch is connected to the other end of the relay coil. The normally open contact of the relay is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the fan 401.

[0031] The pressure relief mechanism includes a heat dissipation pipe 61, which is connected to another multi-port pipe 4 via a connecting pipe 51. Several heat dissipation fins 62 are fixedly connected to the heat dissipation pipe 61, and a filter 63 is fixedly connected to the end of the heat dissipation pipe 61 away from the connecting pipe 51.

[0032] In practical applications, several batteries are combined to form a battery 2. Battery 2 has various applications. In vehicle applications, several batteries 2 are placed in a cavity 102 to form a battery pack or battery group. The more cavities 102 distributed in the same battery group, the smaller the battery capacity in each cavity 102, making it easier to control thermal runaway and resulting in less damage. Furthermore, each battery 2 is isolated by being wrapped with high-temperature resistant material. Each cavity 102 is independently sealed to the battery inside. When a battery in one cavity 102 experiences thermal runaway combustion, it does not interfere with each other. Passive safety is achieved through structural isolation.

[0033] A single battery pack is connected to a heat dissipation pipe 61 via a connecting pipe 51. When one of the batteries 2 inside experiences thermal runaway, the high-pressure, high-temperature energy generated in the cavity 102 will enter the multi-port pipe 4 near the heat dissipation pipe 61 through a one-way valve 3. Since the thermal runaway of battery 2 will generate some harmful fumes, these fumes will flow along with the high-pressure, high-temperature energy. At the same time, the high-pressure, high-temperature energy and fumes will not enter other cavities 102 of the bracket 101 due to the obstruction of the one-way valve 3. Then, this high-pressure, high-temperature energy will enter the heat dissipation pipe 61 through the connecting pipe 51 and be cooled by the heat dissipation fins 62. The heat dissipation fins 62 can be further cooled by the fan and the air convection generated during vehicle operation. Finally, the harmful fumes and substances in the high-pressure, high-temperature energy are filtered by the filter 63, cooled, and depressurized, releasing safe gas within a safe temperature range and without smoke particles. In this way, when battery 2 in one of the cavities 102 of the bracket 101 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure energy will be released. Energy and harmful fumes are depressurized, cooled, and filtered. Because the batteries 2 in each cavity 102 are isolated from each other, the thermal runaway battery 2 is less likely to affect the normally functioning batteries 2 in other cavities, reducing losses. On the other hand, by dividing the battery pack into several batteries 2 placed in different cavities 102, the energy generated by the thermal runaway of a single battery 2 in a single cavity can also be reduced. With the total number of batteries remaining unchanged, the more cavities 102 there are, the smaller the energy in each cavity 102, making the high temperature and high pressure after thermal runaway more controllable, the safety factor greater, and the loss smaller, which is safer than the existing battery pack solution. Secondly, when the mechanical temperature control switch set in the cavity 102 detects the high temperature generated by the fire, the trigger control circuit will control the fan 401 on one side to start, and the control valve 402 will open, actively promoting the air in the cavity 102 to enter the heat dissipation pipe 61 for active heat dissipation and depressurization. In addition, the one-way valves 3 set on the two brackets 101 ensure that the air in a single cavity 102 can only flow from the side closer to the fan 401 to the other side.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] like Figure 3 In one embodiment shown, the pressure relief mechanism includes a liquid storage tank 1101, on which a circulation inlet pipe 1102 and a circulation outlet pipe 1103 are respectively connected. The circulation outlet pipe 1103 and the circulation inlet pipe 1102 are respectively connected to the multi-port pipes 4 on both sides of the support 101. A circulation pump 1104 is provided on the circulation inlet pipe 1102.

[0036] When a battery 2 in the battery pack catches fire, the mechanical temperature control switch in the bracket 101 will open the corresponding control valve 402. The cooling liquid in the storage tank 1101 will be continuously circulated by the circulation pump 1104 to achieve the effect of cooling and extinguishing the fire, and actively control the cooling of the battery pack.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] like Figure 4-8 One embodiment shown further includes a placement rack 71, in which a plurality of supports 101 are placed. A central pipe 72 is connected between the multi-port pipes 4 on the plurality of supports 101. A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the central pipe 72. A tripped circuit breaker 73 is provided in the placement rack 71. The tripped circuit breaker 73 is electrically connected to the battery 2. A circuit breaker 74 is provided on the tripped circuit breaker 73. A piston cylinder 75 is fixedly connected to the placement rack 71. A branch pipe 76 is connected between the piston cylinder 75 and the central pipe 72. A piston rod 77 is slidably connected in the piston cylinder 75. One side of the piston rod 77 is in contact with the circuit breaker 74.

[0039] The pressure relief mechanism includes an upper water tank 81, which is connected to the central pipe 72 via a second connecting pipe 52. The upper water tank 81 is fixedly connected to the top of the placement frame 71, and a buoyancy plug 82 is inserted at the connection between the upper water tank 81 and the second connecting pipe 52.

[0040] It also includes a protection circuit for controlling the tripped circuit breaker 73, the circuit comprising: a backup power supply 01, a tripping coil 02, and a plurality of mechanical temperature control switches 03, all of the mechanical temperature control switches 03 being normally open, the negative terminal of the backup power supply 01 being electrically connected to the first terminal of the tripping coil 02; the plurality of mechanical temperature control switches 03 arranged in parallel being connected in series with the positive terminal of the backup power supply 01 and the second terminal of the tripping coil 02; wherein, when at least one mechanical temperature control switch 03 is closed, the backup power supply 01 supplies power to the tripping coil 02.

[0041] In another application scenario, multiple battery packs are placed together on a mounting rack 71 and connected to form a battery cluster. The multi-port pipes 4 on each bracket 101 are connected via a central pipe 72. A trip circuit breaker 73 is connected to each battery pack via wires. Depending on the operating environment, a top-mounted water tank 81 can be installed on top of the mounting rack 71 and connected to the central pipe 72 via a connecting pipe 52. When using the top-mounted water tank 81, sufficient fire extinguishing liquid is added. A buoyancy plug 82 is installed inside the connecting pipe 52. When a battery 2 in the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, causing its own temperature control system to fail, the closing of the mechanical temperature control switch 03 triggers the protection circuit to disconnect the power to the battery pack. When the protection circuit fails, the high-pressure and high-temperature energy generated by the thermal runaway of battery 2 in the battery pack enters the central pipe 72 through the multi-port pipe 4. Some of the high-pressure and high-temperature energy will enter the piston cylinder 75 through the branch pipe 76 and push the piston rod 77 to move and squeeze the circuit breaker 74, so that the trip circuit breaker 73 controls the battery pack to cut off the power. In this way, multiple safety redundancies are achieved through mechanical means to improve the safety of the device. When the high-pressure and high-temperature energy enters the second connecting pipe 52, the high-pressure energy pushes the buoyancy plug 82 upward from the second connecting pipe 52, so that the second connecting pipe 52 is conductive. After the high-pressure and high-temperature energy is released, the fire extinguishing liquid in the upper water tank 81 flows back into the cavity 102 where thermal runaway occurred through the second connecting pipe 52 to further extinguish the fire and ensure the subsequent stability of the battery.

[0042] Although this disclosure has been described with respect to only a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure will understand that various other embodiments can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release, characterized in that: The device includes two supports (101), with several cavities (102) between the two supports (101). Each cavity (102) is equipped with a mechanical temperature control switch, and each cavity (102) contains several batteries (2). A multi-port pipe (4) is fixedly connected to each of the two supports (101). Several one-way valves (3) are provided on the supports (101). The multi-port pipe (4) is connected to the cavity (102) through the one-way valves (3). A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the multi-port pipe (4). The pressure relief mechanism is used to relieve pressure and cool down the cavity (102) when the battery (2) thermally runs away.

2. A fireproof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 1, characterized in that: one of them The multi-port pipe (4) is equipped with several control valves (402), and a fan (401) is installed on the multi-port pipe (4).

3. The explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a trigger control circuit, which is connected to the fan (401) and configured to drive the fan (401) to start for air circulation in response to a thermal runaway signal in the battery pack; the trigger control circuit includes a fan backup power supply, a transistor, a fan temperature control switch and a relay coil, the backup power supply is connected in parallel with the diode and then connected to one end of the relay coil, the controlled switch is connected to the other end of the relay coil, and the normally open contact of the relay is connected in series to the power supply circuit of the fan (401).

4. A fireproof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanism includes a heat dissipation pipe (61), which is connected to another multi-port pipe (4) via a connecting pipe (51). Several heat dissipation fins (62) are fixedly connected to the heat dissipation pipe (61), and a filter (63) is fixedly connected to the end of the heat dissipation pipe (61) away from the connecting pipe (51).

5. A fireproof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanism includes a liquid storage tank (1101), on which a circulation inlet pipe (1102) and a circulation outlet pipe (1103) are respectively connected. The circulation outlet pipe (1103) and the circulation inlet pipe (1102) are respectively connected to the multi-port pipes (4) on both sides of the support (101). A circulation pump (1104) is provided on the circulation inlet pipe (1102).

6. A fireproof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a placement rack (71), in which several sets of brackets (101) are placed. A central pipe (72) is connected between the multi-port pipes (4) on the several brackets (101). A pressure relief mechanism is provided on the central pipe (72). A trip circuit breaker (73) is provided in the placement rack (71). A trip coil is provided in the trip circuit breaker (73). The trip circuit breaker (73) is electrically connected to the battery module (2). A circuit breaker (74) is provided on the trip circuit breaker (73). A piston cylinder (75) is fixedly connected to the placement rack (71). A branch pipe (76) is connected between the piston cylinder (75) and the central pipe (72). A piston rod (77) is slidably connected in the piston cylinder (75). One side of the piston rod (77) is in contact with the circuit breaker (74).

7. A fireproof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanism includes an upper water tank (81), the upper water tank (81) is connected to the central pipe (72) via the second connecting pipe (52), the upper water tank (81) is fixedly connected to the top of the placement rack (71), and a buoyancy plug (82) is inserted at the connection between the upper water tank (81) and the second connecting pipe (52).

8. An explosion-proof battery pack based on energy release according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a protection circuit for controlling the trip circuit breaker (73), the circuit including: a switch backup power supply (01), a trip coil (02) and a plurality of mechanical temperature control switches (03), all of the mechanical temperature control switches (03) being in the normally open state, and the negative terminal of the switch backup power supply (01) being electrically connected to the first end of the trip coil (02); Multiple mechanical temperature control switches (03) are connected in parallel and connected in series with the positive terminal of the switch backup power supply (02) and the second terminal of the trip coil (02); wherein, when at least one mechanical temperature control switch (03) is closed, the switch backup power supply (01) supplies power to the trip coil (02).

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