Antenna module and electronic device

Abstract

This application provides an antenna module and electronic device, applicable to the field of antenna technology. The antenna module includes a first antenna, a second antenna, and a matching unit. The first antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a first radiator disposed on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a first ground layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first surface, and a second ground layer disposed on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first radiator is grounded via the second ground layer and the first ground layer. The second surface intersects the first surface. The first antenna radiates electromagnetic waves in a first frequency band. The second antenna includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate. The second radiator is coplanar with the first radiator and grounded via the second ground layer. The second antenna radiates electromagnetic waves in a second frequency band, the center frequency of which is lower than the center frequency of the first frequency band. The first radiator and the second radiator are coupled through the matching unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically to an antenna module and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of communication technology, the requirements for signal transmission rate are getting higher and higher, and antennas are also more inclined to multi-band design. The bezels of electronic devices such as laptops and display devices are also developing towards extremely narrow bezels. Generally, multi-band antennas are increasingly limited in space, especially when there is metal around the antenna, which can easily lead to a decrease in antenna performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, this application provides an antenna module and electronic equipment that can improve the electromagnetic interference resistance of multi-band antennas.

[0004] According to a first aspect of this application, an antenna module is provided, comprising: a first antenna, a second antenna, and a matching unit. The first antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a first radiator disposed on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a first ground layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first surface, and a second ground layer disposed on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first radiator is grounded via the second ground layer and the first ground layer, and the second surface intersects the first surface. The first antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a first frequency band. The second antenna includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate. The second radiator is coplanar with the first radiator and grounded via the second ground layer. The second antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a second frequency band, the center frequency of which is lower than the center frequency of the first frequency band. The first radiator and the second radiator are coupled through the matching unit.

[0005] According to an embodiment of this application, the second antenna further includes: a third ground layer, which is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the surface where the second radiator is located, wherein the third ground layer is electrically connected to the first ground layer.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this application, a gap is formed near the second surface of the first radiator. The gap extends from the first side of the first radiator to the second side opposite to the first side and does not penetrate the first radiator.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this application, the perimeter of the slit matches a quarter wavelength of the center frequency signal of the first frequency band.

[0008] According to an embodiment of this application, the matching unit includes at least one capacitor. The matching unit is used to adjust the center frequency of the first frequency band and the center frequency of the second frequency band by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor, so that the impedance of the first antenna and the second antenna are matched.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna further includes: at least one third radiator, wherein the at least one third radiator and the first radiator together constitute the radiator of the first antenna; wherein each third radiator is disposed on the second surface, and there is the same first interval between adjacent third radiators; each third radiator extends from the first common edge where the second surface intersects the first surface to the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, or extends from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge, the length of the third radiators in the same extension direction is the same, and there is a second interval between two third radiators in opposite extension directions in a target direction, the target direction being the direction from the side opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, the second grounding layer includes a first grounding portion and a second grounding portion: the first grounding portion extends from a first common edge toward a side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, and the length of the first grounding portion is less than the length of the third radiator extending in the same direction, wherein the first radiator is electrically connected to the second grounding portion via the first grounding portion; the second grounding portion extends from a second common edge of the second surface away from the second radiator and intersecting with the first common edge toward a side of the second surface opposite to the second common edge, and the second grounding portion is grounded via the first grounding layer.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this application, when the third radiator extends from the first common edge to the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first grounding portion, and the interval between the third radiator near the second grounding portion and the second grounding portion is a third interval; when the third radiator extends from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first grounding layer, and the interval between the third radiator near the second grounding portion and the second grounding portion is a fourth interval, the fourth interval is greater than the third interval, and the third interval is greater than the extension length of the second grounding portion.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna further includes a first metal plate, a second metal plate, and a third metal plate: the first metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface; the second metal plate is disposed on the third surface of the first dielectric substrate and covers the third surface, the third surface intersecting the first surface and the second surface respectively; the third metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface.

[0013] A second aspect of this application provides an electronic device including an antenna module as described in any of the embodiments above.

[0014] This application establishes a first antenna, which is a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna, by setting a first radiator and a first ground layer on the upper and lower surfaces of a first dielectric substrate, setting a second ground layer and a first metal plate on the left and right sides of the first dielectric substrate, and setting a second metal plate and a third metal plate on the front and rear surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, respectively. The energy of the electromagnetic wave excited by the first antenna is mainly concentrated in the cavity formed by the first radiator, the first ground layer, the first to third metal plates, and the second ground layer. The metal around the first antenna can only affect the electromagnetic wave excited by the first antenna with a very small coupling amount. Therefore, the first antenna is minimally affected by the surrounding metal. The first antenna is used to radiate higher frequency electromagnetic waves, and the second antenna is used to radiate lower frequency electromagnetic waves. The two antennas are impedance matched by a matching unit to solve the frequency offset problem caused by the coupling of the two antennas, thus realizing the multi-band design of the antenna module.

[0015] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above-mentioned contents, other objects, features and advantages of this application will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1 This schematic diagram illustrates the installation position of an antenna module in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an antenna module installed in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic front view of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 The schematic diagram illustrates a partial configuration of the second antenna and an overall schematic diagram of the first antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of the second line according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0023] Figure 7 The diagram schematically illustrates an equivalent circuit diagram of a gap according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the test results of the reflection coefficient of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 9 The radiation efficiency test results of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application are illustrated schematically.

[0026] The following are the labeling instructions in the diagram: 1-Antenna module, 11-First antenna, 111-First dielectric substrate, 112-First radiator, 113-First ground layer, 114-Third radiator, 115-First metal plate, 116-Gap, 117-Second metal plate, 118-Third metal plate, 12-Second antenna, 121-Second dielectric substrate, 122-Second radiator, 123-Second ground layer, 1231-First grounding part, 1232-Second grounding part, 124-Third grounding layer, 125-Feeding part, 2-Outer glass of touch screen, 3-LCD display, 4-Display bracket, 5-Plastic component, 6-Matching unit, C1-First capacitor, C2-Second capacitor, L1-Inductor. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be implemented without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of this application.

[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0029] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0030] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0031] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the installation location of an antenna module in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Antenna modules can be installed inside electronic devices, such as laptops, tablets, mobile phones, and vehicle displays. They are particularly suitable for installation within the bezels of electronic devices, such as the bezels of monitor stands or camera locations—narrow bezels in particular. Monitor stands can be made of metal, plastic, or a combination of both. Figure 1 As shown, taking a laptop as an example, the antenna module 1 can be placed inside the frame of the B cover. The laptop is currently in a closed state, with the display screen and keyboard tightly fitted. The frame of the B cover is located on the far right, and this frame can be the monitor stand frame. As laptops develop towards extremely narrow bezels, this frame will become narrower and narrower. The antenna module proposed in this application is relatively small, so the antenna module can be placed inside the extremely narrow bezel. This method of installing the antenna module inside the frame eliminates the need to set a separate clearance area for the antenna module or to open holes in the frame, thus realizing the modularity of the antenna module. Based on application requirements, the antenna module can be installed in different electronic devices.

[0033] Figure 2 The illustration shows a cross-sectional view of an antenna module installed in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 2 The antenna module 1 shown is mounted within the bezel of the laptop computer used to mount the monitor stand. This bezel is located at the edge of the laptop and is very narrow. Figure 2As shown, the antenna module 1 is located below the outer glass 2 of the touchscreen and above the plastic component 5, which is part of the bezel. The antenna module is also located to the right of the display bracket 4, which is to the right of the LCD screen 3 to support it. Both the LCD screen and the display bracket are located between the outer glass of the touchscreen and the plastic component. In other words, the LCD screen, display bracket, and antenna module are placed sequentially from left to right in the area between the outer glass of the touchscreen and the plastic component. By placing the antenna module within the bezel of the electronic device, no modification to the bezel is required, thereby reducing costs.

[0035] In some embodiments, when an antenna module is installed in a certain area of ​​an electronic device, if the area includes multiple components, such as a camera, an LCD screen, etc., the antenna module can be placed at a certain safe distance from these components to avoid electromagnetic interference. For example, the safe distance can be 1 mm.

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the antenna module 1 includes a first antenna 11, a second antenna 12, and a matching unit 6. Specifically, the first antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a first radiator disposed on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a first ground layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first surface, and a second ground layer disposed on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first radiator is grounded via the second ground layer and the first ground layer. The second surface intersects with the first surface. The first antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a first frequency band.

[0038] The second antenna includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate. The second radiator is coplanar with the first radiator and grounded through a second grounding layer. The second antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a second frequency band, the center frequency of which is lower than the center frequency of the first frequency band.

[0039] The first radiator and the second radiator are coupled through matching unit 6.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate can be a single dielectric substrate. Etching metals of different shapes and sizes at different locations on this dielectric substrate yields a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna share a second ground layer. The dielectric substrate on one side (e.g., the left side) of the second ground layer is used as the first dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate on the other side (e.g., the right side) of the second ground layer is used as the second dielectric substrate. Etching metal at corresponding locations on the first dielectric substrate yields the first antenna, and etching metal at corresponding locations on the second dielectric substrate yields the second antenna. A gap exists between the first radiator located on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate and the second radiator located on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate. This gap is very small, approximately 0.8 mm. Due to the small gap, [the antenna's shape and size are not specified in the original text]. Figure 3 It appears that the first radiator and the second radiator are connected to each other, but in fact there is a 0.8mm gap between them. A matching unit is placed in this gap, with one end of the matching unit connected to the first radiator and the other end connected to the second radiator. A ground layer (including the first ground layer and the third ground layer mentioned above) is provided at the bottom of this dielectric substrate, and a first metal plate is provided on the right side of this dielectric substrate.

[0041] According to an embodiment of this application, by providing a first radiator and a first ground layer on the upper and lower surfaces of the first dielectric substrate, and providing a second ground layer on the side of the first dielectric substrate, with the second ground layer connected to the first radiator and the first ground layer respectively, it is beneficial to form a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna. This allows the metal around the first antenna to only affect the electromagnetic waves excited by the first antenna with a very small coupling amount. In this way, the first antenna is minimally affected by the surrounding metal. The first antenna is used to radiate higher frequency electromagnetic waves, and the second antenna is used to radiate lower frequency electromagnetic waves. The first radiator and the second radiator are connected by a matching unit to adjust the resonant frequency of the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby solving the frequency offset problem caused by the coupling of the two antennas and realizing the multi-band design of the antenna module.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown, the length of the first antenna is represented by 'a', the width by 'b', and the total height by 'H'. The total height of the first antenna is the same as that of the second antenna. The first and second dielectric substrates are made of the same material and are collectively referred to as dielectric substrates. Generally, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin laminate (Flame Retardant Type 4, FR4) is used as the dielectric substrate. When FR4 is used as the dielectric substrate, the length of the first antenna is 25mm, the width is 5.3mm, and the height is 3.5mm. To further reduce the size of the first antenna, a ceramic substrate can be used as the dielectric substrate. Ceramic dielectric substrates have a higher dielectric constant. When the dielectric substrate is made of ceramic, the total height of the first antenna is less than 5mm, H is specifically 3.5mm, and the width b of the first antenna is reduced to 3.5mm, which makes it easier to install the antenna module in a narrower position.

[0043] Furthermore, the matching unit 6 includes at least one capacitor. The matching unit is used to adjust the center frequency of the first frequency band and the center frequency of the second frequency band by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor, so that the impedance of the first antenna and the second antenna are matched. For example, the matching unit can be one capacitor or multiple capacitors connected in parallel, multiple capacitors connected in series, or multiple capacitors connected in a mixed series and parallel connection.

[0044] According to the embodiments of this application, the resonant frequencies of the first and second antennas are adjusted by adjusting the capacitance value, thus solving the frequency offset problem caused by the coupling of the two antennas. The adjustment of the capacitance value is flexible. Therefore, the resonant frequencies of the two antennas can be adjusted more flexibly and dynamically by using a matching unit. This method does not require modification of the antenna structure, which can reduce costs and improve the modularity of the antenna module.

[0045] Figure 4 A schematic front view of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the second antenna 12 includes a second dielectric substrate 121, a second radiator 122 disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate 121, and a second ground layer 123. The second ground layer is shared by the first antenna and the second antenna. The second antenna 12 also includes a third ground layer 124 disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the surface where the second radiator is located. The third ground layer is electrically connected to the first ground layer.

[0047] According to an embodiment of this application, connecting the third ground layer to the first ground layer can expand the ground layer area of ​​the first antenna and the second antenna, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the two antennas.

[0048] Figure 5The illustration shows a partial configuration of the second antenna and an overall schematic diagram of the first antenna according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, the first antenna 11 includes a first dielectric substrate 111, a first radiator 112 disposed on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a first ground layer 113 disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first surface, and a second ground layer 123 disposed on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first radiator is grounded via the second ground layer and the first ground layer, and the second surface intersects the first surface. A gap 116 is formed near the second surface of the first radiator. The gap extends from the first side of the first radiator to the second side opposite to the first side and does not penetrate the first radiator. The gap is formed in the part of the first radiator near the second surface. Through this gap, the energy in the cavity of the first antenna can be radiated into free space, that is, the electromagnetic waves of the first frequency band can be radiated into free space to realize the transmission of radio frequency signals. The gap being near the second surface is equivalent to being near the second antenna. The center frequency of the second frequency band can be adjusted by using the gap, thereby optimizing the impedance matching performance between the first antenna and the second antenna. In addition, by setting the gap, the equivalent physical size of the first antenna can be increased, realizing the miniaturization of the first antenna.

[0050] Furthermore, the first radiator is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the size of the first radiator can be the same as the area of ​​the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first ground layer is disposed on the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the length of the first ground layer is the same as the length of the first dielectric substrate. The width of the first ground layer can be the same as the width of the first dielectric substrate or it can be greater than the width of the first dielectric substrate. The width of the first ground layer can be determined according to the area of ​​the location where the antenna module is to be installed.

[0051] A gap is formed on the first radiator. Figure 5 The slot shown is T-shaped, but other shapes are also possible; there are no restrictions on the shape. However, the slot should be located at the edge of the first surface near the second surface. Furthermore, the slot extends from the first side of the first radiator to the second side opposite to the first side, but does not pass through the second side of the first radiator; that is, the slot does not penetrate the first radiator. In addition, the slot serves two purposes: reducing the size of the first antenna and radiating electromagnetic waves. A manufacturing error within ±0.2mm allows the first antenna to maintain good radiation performance. After simulation optimization, the slot width can be set to 0.5mm. Furthermore, adjusting the length of the first antenna and the position of the slot can change the data transmission rate of the electronic device.

[0052] In some embodiments, the first antenna further includes: at least one third radiator 114, wherein the at least one third radiator and the first radiator 112 together constitute the radiator of the first antenna; wherein each third radiator is disposed on the second surface, and there is the same first interval between adjacent third radiators; each third radiator extends from a first common edge where the second surface intersects the first surface to a side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge (for example, the first common edge is located at the upper edge of the second surface, and the extension direction is from the upper edge of the second surface to the lower edge of the second surface), or extends from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge (for example, from the lower edge of the second surface to the upper edge of the second surface), the third radiators with the same extension direction have the same length, and two third radiators with opposite extension directions have a second interval in a target direction, the target direction being the direction from the side opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge.

[0053] Furthermore, the first interval can be 0.8 mm, and the width of each third radiator can be 0.3 mm. All the third radiators together form a short-circuit electric wall of a perfect electric conductor (PEC). By setting the third radiators, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the first antenna.

[0054] According to an embodiment of this application, a third radiator disposed on the second surface of the first dielectric substrate can be used to increase the physical size of the first antenna and, together with the first radiator, excite the resonant frequency of the first antenna to achieve a miniaturized design of the first antenna.

[0055] In some embodiments, a third radiator is formed on the left side of the first dielectric substrate. There may be one or more third radiators, and the number is not limited. The third radiator can be used to increase the physical size of the first antenna. To achieve the same effect, the third radiator can be replaced with a metal via at its location to increase the physical size of the first antenna.

[0056] In some embodiments, the second ground layer 123 includes a first ground portion 1231 and a second ground portion 1232: the first ground portion extends from a first common edge toward a side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, the length of the first ground portion is less than the length of the third radiator extending in the same direction, wherein the first radiator is electrically connected to the second ground portion via the first ground portion; the second ground portion extends from a second common edge of the second surface away from the second radiator and intersecting the first common edge toward a side of the second surface opposite to the second common edge (for example, the second ground portion extends from the right edge of the second surface to the left edge of the second surface), and the second ground portion is grounded via the first ground layer 113.

[0057] According to an embodiment of this application, the first end of the first grounding portion of the second grounding layer is connected to the first radiator, the second end of the first grounding portion is connected to the second grounding portion, and the second grounding portion is also connected to the first grounding layer. In this way, the first radiator and the first grounding layer are electrically connected, and the first antenna forms an ideal electrical conductor wall on the second surface, which is beneficial to concentrate the electromagnetic waves excited by the first antenna into the first dielectric substrate and reduce the electromagnetic interference of external metal to the first antenna. The second antenna and the first antenna share the second grounding layer, which is beneficial to improve the impedance matching performance of the first antenna and the second antenna and reduce the frequency deviation caused by the coupling between the first antenna and the second antenna.

[0058] In some embodiments, when the third radiator 114 extends from the first common edge to the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first grounding portion, and the interval between the third radiator near the second grounding portion and the second grounding portion is a third interval; when the third radiator extends from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge to the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first grounding layer, and the interval between the third radiator near the second grounding portion 1232 and the second grounding portion is a fourth interval, the fourth interval is greater than the third interval, and the third interval is greater than the extension length of the second grounding portion.

[0059] According to an embodiment of this application, the third radiator is electrically connected to the first radiator by connecting to the first grounding part. In this way, the physical size of the first antenna radiator can be increased, thereby achieving miniaturization of the first antenna. The third radiator can also be connected to the first grounding layer. In this way, the area of ​​the first grounding layer can be increased, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the first antenna.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first antenna further includes a first metal plate 115, a second metal plate 117, and a third metal plate 118: the first metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface; the second metal plate is disposed on the third surface of the first dielectric substrate and covers the third surface, the third surface intersecting the first surface and the second surface respectively; the third metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface.

[0061] Furthermore, a first metal plate 115 is disposed on the right side of the first dielectric substrate. The size of the first metal plate can be the same as the area of ​​the right side of the first dielectric substrate. A second metal plate is disposed in front of the first dielectric substrate, and a third metal plate is disposed behind it. The first radiator, the first ground layer, the second ground layer, the third radiator, and the first to third metal plates can form a cavity. This cavity is a closed field structure. A vertical electric field and a unidirectional closed magnetic field are distributed within the cavity. That is, the operating mode of the first antenna is the TE10 mode. The energy of the electromagnetic wave excited by the first antenna is mainly concentrated in the cavity, and the electromagnetic wave excited by the first antenna propagates along the length of the first dielectric substrate within the cavity. The metal located outside the antenna module can only affect the operating mode of the first antenna with a very small coupling amount. Therefore, the radiation performance of the first antenna is less affected by the adjacent metal. Even if the antenna module is installed in a narrow frame position, the antenna module can still maintain high gain and high radiation efficiency. When there is metal around the antenna module, the resonant frequency of the antenna module is within ±12MHz. It can be seen that the antenna module has strong anti-interference capability.

[0062] The region where the third radiator is located is the open boundary of the field of the first antenna. That is, the electric field is strongest and the magnetic field is zero at the open boundary. The second antenna is set up on the side adjacent to the open boundary, which can couple the first antenna with the second antenna to radiate electromagnetic waves of multiple frequency bands. The slots formed on the first radiator are also to radiate the energy inside the cavity outward to form a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna. The position and shape of the slots will affect the direction of the electromagnetic waves radiated outward by the first antenna, but the main radiation direction is still determined by the size of the cavity. In other words, the main radiation direction of the first antenna is determined by the length, width and height of the first dielectric substrate. Using a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna (i.e., the first antenna) can reduce radiation loss and improve radiation efficiency. By connecting the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna and the second antenna through matching units, electromagnetic waves of multiple frequency bands can be radiated. For example, the frequency bands can be the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, and the 6 GHz to 7.125 GHz band, thereby expanding the bandwidth and improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna module. By setting a third radiator on the second surface of the first dielectric substrate and forming a slot on the first radiator, the size of the first antenna can be reduced. Moreover, the slot is also used for tuning the second frequency band, which also helps to reduce the size of the second antenna, thereby realizing the miniaturization design of the antenna module.

[0063] According to an embodiment of this application, metal plates are respectively disposed on the front and rear surfaces of the first dielectric substrate of the first antenna and on one side opposite to the second surface. Combined with the first radiator and the third radiator, the first antenna formed is a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide antenna. The first dielectric substrate is equivalent to a cavity. The energy of the electromagnetic wave excited by the first antenna is mainly concentrated in the cavity. Therefore, the electromagnetic interference of the metal around the antenna module to the first antenna can be reduced to a greater extent.

[0064] In some embodiments, the antenna module 1 further includes a feed section 125, which includes one end of a second radiator and one end of a first ground section 1231, wherein one end of the second radiator and one end of the first ground section are adjacent to each other; one end of the second radiator is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial line, and one end of the first ground section is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line.

[0065] Specifically, by feeding the feed section, the second antenna can be excited to generate electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band and radiate them into free space. Since there are gaps between the third radiators disposed on the second surface of the first dielectric substrate, that is, the second surface of the first dielectric substrate is not completely covered by metal, the electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band can be transmitted into the cavity through the gaps between the third radiators. The electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band are reflected back and forth in the cavity. If the center frequency of the second frequency band matches the resonant frequency of the cavity, the electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band can be excited to the resonant frequency of the cavity (i.e., the center frequency of the first frequency band, which can also be called the resonant frequency of the first antenna) by reflecting back and forth in the cavity. Then, the electromagnetic waves of the first frequency band are radiated into free space through the gaps on the first radiator, so that the antenna module can radiate electromagnetic waves of multiple frequency bands into free space.

[0066] The first antenna is equivalent to a waveguide structure. Its operating mode is TE10, and the cutoff frequency of this mode is... The calculation formula is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] in, , These represent the equivalent width of the waveguide and the speed of light, respectively. , Represents the relative permeability and relative permittivity of the waveguide, respectively, and the resonant frequency of the cavity. Requires a frequency greater than the cutoff frequency Because only electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency can propagate within the cavity, and only when a stable standing wave forms within the cavity during the back-and-forth reflection of the electromagnetic wave can an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of [frequency missing] be excited. Electromagnetic waves. In this application, the equivalent width of the waveguide is approximately equal to the width of the first dielectric substrate. The wider the first dielectric substrate, the smaller the cutoff frequency, and the corresponding resonant frequency. The smaller the value, the more apparent the relationship between the width of the first dielectric substrate and the resonant frequency. It is inversely proportional to (i.e., the center frequency of the first frequency band).

[0069] According to an embodiment of this application, the first antenna and the second antenna share a common feed section. The feed section is fed using a coaxial cable. The electromagnetic wave excited by the second antenna can be transmitted to the first antenna through the gap between the third radiators. When the electromagnetic wave excited by the second antenna matches the resonant frequency of the first antenna, the first antenna radiates the resonant frequency of the first antenna (i.e., the center frequency of the first frequency band) into free space through the gap on the first radiator, thereby realizing the radiation of multi-band electromagnetic waves.

[0070] Figure 6 A partial schematic diagram of the second line according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, a second radiator 122 is provided on the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 121 of the second antenna. The second radiator can extend from the center of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate toward the rear of the second dielectric substrate, or it can extend from one side of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate toward the opposite side. However, the second radiator and the first radiator are separated by a distance. If the side of the first radiator close to the second surface completely covers the corresponding area of ​​the first surface, that is, if the left edge of the first surface is completely covered by the first radiator, then the right edge of the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate cannot be covered by the second radiator, otherwise the first radiator and the second radiator will be connected.

[0072] The length of the second radiator is less than the length of the second dielectric substrate. The width of the second radiator can be the same as, greater than or less than the width of the second dielectric substrate. The second antenna formed by the second radiator, the second ground layer, and the third ground layer is an inverted-F type antenna. The type of the second antenna is not limited to this. As long as the center frequency of the second frequency band excited by the second antenna matches the resonant frequency of the cavity, the first antenna can be excited to emit electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band. Then, the impedance of the first antenna and the impedance of the second antenna are matched by the matching unit so that the reflection coefficient of the first antenna in the first frequency band and the reflection coefficient of the second antenna in the second frequency band meet the target requirements respectively.

[0073] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates an equivalent circuit diagram of a gap according to an embodiment of this application.

[0074] The slot on the first radiator can tune not only the first frequency band but also the second frequency band. Furthermore, the perimeter of the slot 116 matches a quarter wavelength of the center frequency signal of the first frequency band. If this slot is represented as an equivalent circuit, the circuit structure is as follows... Figure 7 As shown, the equivalent circuit of the slot includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, and an inductor L1. The second capacitor and the inductor are connected in parallel. One end of the second capacitor (or one end of the inductor) is connected to the first capacitor, and the other end of the second capacitor (or the other end of the inductor) is grounded. The reflection coefficient of the antenna module was tested with and without a slot on the first radiator. The test results showed that without a slot, the high frequencies of the antenna module shifted to higher frequency bands with a narrower bandwidth. With a slot on the first radiator, the high frequencies shifted to lower frequency bands with a much larger bandwidth than without a slot. Therefore, a slot can improve the bandwidth of the high-frequency band and also helps to reduce the size of the antenna module.

[0075] According to an embodiment of this application, the center frequency of the first frequency band can be adjusted by adjusting the size (length and width) of the slot, and the radiation direction and other properties of the first antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of the slot. In this way, the size and shape of the slot can be designed based on the target resonant frequency of the first antenna, thereby improving the antenna design efficiency.

[0076] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the reflection coefficient test results of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 8 As shown, the eight frequency points marked from left to right are 2.4GHz, 2.45GHz, 2.5GHz, 5.15GHz, 5.47GHz, 5.925GHz, 6.455GHz, and 7.125GHz. The reflection coefficients at these frequency points all meet the target requirements of the laptop computer. The test results also prove that the resonant frequency band of the antenna module includes the 2.4GHz band, the 5GHz band, and the 6GHz~7.125GHz band. Generally, antennas will produce a frequency deviation of ±40~60MHz in the 2.4GHz band due to external metal interference. However, the first antenna of this application adopts a field-closed structure (i.e., cavity), which can reduce the frequency deviation to ±8MHz, greatly reducing the interference of external metal on the antenna module. The first antenna and the second antenna are designed together. The second frequency band is tuned through the gap on the first radiator. The impedance of the first antenna and the second antenna is matched through the matching unit, so that the reflection coefficients of the first and second frequency bands meet the target requirements, achieving good reflection performance and increasing the high-frequency bandwidth.

[0078] Figure 9The radiation efficiency test results of an antenna module according to an embodiment of this application are illustrated schematically.

[0079] like Figure 9 As shown, the radiation efficiency of the antenna module is above -7dB in all resonant frequency bands, meaning that the radiation efficiency in all resonant frequency bands is greater than 20%, the radiation efficiency in the 2.4GHz band is greater than 25%, and the radiation efficiency at 7GHz can reach as high as about 40%. By coupling a second antenna and forming a gap on the first radiator, the gain at 5GHz and 6GHz can be increased by 18%~21%, respectively. Generally, installing the second antenna near the metal bracket of the frame will lead to a reduction in radiation efficiency of more than 25%, but in this application, by installing the antenna module inside the frame with a metal bracket, the reduction in radiation efficiency is kept within 10%, which greatly improves the radiation efficiency. In addition, the antenna module radiates nearly omnidirectionally at all resonant points, and can radiate electromagnetic waves in all directions.

[0080] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna module 1 of the embodiments of this application.

[0081] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0082] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this application. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of this application can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this application. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna module, characterized by Includes the first antenna, the second antenna, and the matching unit: The first antenna includes a first dielectric substrate, a first radiator disposed on a first surface of the first dielectric substrate, a first ground layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the first surface, and a second ground layer disposed on a second surface of the first dielectric substrate. The first radiator is grounded via the second ground layer and the first ground layer. The second surface intersects with the first surface. The first antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a first frequency band. The second antenna includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiator disposed on the surface of the second dielectric substrate, wherein the second radiator is coplanar with the first radiator and grounded via a second ground layer, and the second antenna is used to radiate electromagnetic waves in a second frequency band, the center frequency of the second frequency band being lower than the center frequency of the first frequency band; The first radiator and the second radiator are coupled through the matching unit.

2. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein, The second antenna also includes: A third grounding layer is disposed on the side of the second dielectric substrate opposite to the surface where the second radiator is located, wherein the third grounding layer is electrically connected to the first grounding layer.

3. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gap is formed in the first radiator near the second surface; The gap extends from the first side of the first radiator to the second side opposite to the first side, but does not penetrate the first radiator.

4. The antenna module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The perimeter of the slit matches a quarter wavelength of the center frequency signal of the first frequency band.

5. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching unit includes at least one capacitor, which is used to adjust the center frequency of the first frequency band and the center frequency of the second frequency band by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor, so that the impedance of the first antenna and the second antenna are matched.

6. The antenna module of claim 1, wherein, The first antenna further includes: At least one third radiator, wherein the at least one third radiator and the first radiator together constitute the radiator of the first antenna; wherein, Each third radiator is disposed on the second surface, and there is the same first interval between adjacent third radiators; Each third radiator extends from the first common edge where the second surface intersects the first surface toward the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, or from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge toward the first common edge. Third radiators extending in the same direction have the same length, and two third radiators extending in opposite directions have a second interval in the target direction, which means the direction from the side opposite to the first common edge toward the first common edge.

7. The antenna module of claim 6, wherein, The second grounding layer includes a first grounding portion and a second grounding portion: The first grounding portion extends from the first common edge toward the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, and the length of the first grounding portion is less than the length of the third radiator extending in the same direction, wherein the first radiator is electrically connected to the second grounding portion via the first grounding portion. The second grounding portion extends from the second common edge of the second surface that is away from the second radiator and intersects with the first common edge to the side of the second surface opposite to the second common edge, and the second grounding portion is grounded via the first grounding layer.

8. The antenna module of claim 7, wherein, Also includes: When the third radiator extends from the first common edge to the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first grounding part, and the interval between the third radiator near the second grounding part and the second grounding part is the third interval; When the third radiator extends from the side of the second surface opposite to the first common edge toward the first common edge, the third radiator is connected to the first ground layer, and the interval between the third radiator near the second ground part and the second ground part is a fourth interval, the fourth interval being larger than the third interval, and the third interval being larger than the extension length of the second ground part.

9. The antenna module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antenna further includes a first metal plate, a second metal plate, and a third metal plate: The first metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface, and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the second surface; The second metal plate is disposed on the third surface of the first dielectric substrate and covers the third surface, the third surface intersecting the first surface and the second surface respectively; The third metal plate is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface, and covers the side of the first dielectric substrate opposite to the third surface.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes the antenna module according to any one of claims 1-9.

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