Wave-absorbing unit, wave-absorbing structure and forming method of wave-absorbing structure

Abstract

This application relates to an absorbing unit, an absorbing structure, and a method for forming the absorbing structure. The absorbing unit includes multiple single-layer components stacked along the height direction, with a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components. Each single-layer component includes multiple unit cells, spaced apart along the thickness direction, with at least a portion of the unit cells in adjacent single-layer components connected. Each single-layer component includes an absorbing portion made of absorbing material and / or a transparent portion made of transparent material. The area of ​​the absorbing portion of each single-layer component in the absorbing unit gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction to form a regular pyramidal absorbing pyramid, while the area of ​​the transparent portion gradually increases from bottom to top along the height direction and fills the periphery of the absorbing pyramid. This avoids the tip of the absorbing pyramid being exposed, improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the absorbing unit, while also reducing the overall weight of the absorbing unit and improving its absorbing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microwave absorbing materials technology, and in particular to a microwave absorbing unit, a microwave absorbing structure, and a method for forming the microwave absorbing structure. Background Technology

[0002] In core fields such as electronic equipment and aerospace, electromagnetic interference has become a key factor restricting the stable operation of equipment. It not only easily leads to signal distortion and equipment failure, but long-term high-intensity electromagnetic radiation can also harm human health. Against this backdrop, absorbing materials, by absorbing, converting, and dissipating incident electromagnetic waves to achieve energy attenuation, have become a core technological carrier for solving electromagnetic protection problems.

[0003] Among them, the pyramidal absorbing unit, with its unique gradient shape, can significantly reduce the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves at the structural interface, while extending the transmission path of electromagnetic waves inside the structure. It achieves efficient energy dissipation through multiple reflections, scattering and dielectric loss, and is therefore widely used in microwave anechoic chambers, electromagnetic compatibility testing, equipment stealth and other scenarios.

[0004] Current microwave absorption technologies further optimize the pyramidal structure to improve performance, such as by using methods like impregnation and molding to layer and combine multiple materials. However, the current pyramidal structure still retains its overall pyramidal shape, resulting in poor structural load-bearing capacity, small apical cross-sectional area, and low strength. It is easily broken by slight impacts during transportation or installation, directly affecting the structure's microwave absorption performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the problems of poor load-bearing capacity and low strength of current pyramidal structures, which affect their wave absorption performance, by providing a wave-absorbing unit, a wave-absorbing structure, and a method for forming the wave-absorbing structure. This method can prevent the tip of the wave-absorbing pyramid from being exposed, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the wave-absorbing unit, preventing the wave-absorbing pyramid from breaking during transportation or installation, and also reducing the overall weight of the wave-absorbing unit and improving its wave absorption performance.

[0006] A wave-absorbing unit includes multiple single-layer components, which are stacked along the height direction and have a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components.

[0007] The single-layer component includes multiple unit bodies, each of which is spaced apart along the thickness direction, and at least some of the unit bodies in two adjacent single-layer components are connected to each other.

[0008] Each of the single-layer components includes an absorbing portion made of a microwave-absorbing material and / or a microwave-transparent portion made of a microwave-transparent material;

[0009] In the absorbing unit, the area of ​​the absorbing portion of each single-layer component gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction to form a regular pyramidal absorbing cone, while the area of ​​the transparent portion gradually increases from bottom to top along the height direction and fills the periphery of the absorbing cone.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, each of the unit bodies is in the form of a straight line, a straight line splicing type, an arc splicing type, or a straight line and an arc splicing type along the length direction. When the unit body is in the form of a straight line splicing type, an arc splicing type, or a straight line and an arc splicing type, at least one side of the unit body along the thickness direction has a protruding portion.

[0011] And / or, the dimensions of the single-layer component along the height direction range from 1mm to 3mm;

[0012] And / or, the phase difference between two adjacent single-layer components is in the range of 60° to 90°.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, the absorbing unit includes a substrate layer and an impedance gradient layer, wherein the impedance gradient layer is disposed on the substrate layer.

[0014] In one embodiment of this application, the substrate layer includes the wave-absorbing portion;

[0015] The impedance gradient layer includes the absorbing portion and the transmitting portion. The transmitting portion surrounds the periphery of the absorbing portion and gradually decreases in area from bottom to top along the height direction, while gradually increasing in area.

[0016] In one embodiment of this application, the height of the impedance gradient layer along the height direction ranges from 5mm to 30mm, and the ratio of the height of the substrate layer along the height direction to the height of the impedance gradient layer along the height direction ranges from (1:6) to (5:2).

[0017] And / or, the middle portion of the impedance gradient layer has a frustum shape, the top portion has a pyramid shape, and the bottom area of ​​the absorbing portion in one of the single-layer components is equal to the top area of ​​the absorbing portion in the lower single-layer component, and the top area of ​​the absorbing portion in one of the single-layer components is equal to the bottom area of ​​the absorbing portion in the upper single-layer component;

[0018] And / or, the dimension of the absorbing portion in the impedance gradient layer along the height direction is equal to the dimension of the transparent portion along the height direction.

[0019] In one embodiment of this application, the outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component is a regular polygon, the outer contour of the cross-section of the wave-absorbing portion is a regular polygon, and the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the single-layer component is the same as the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the wave-absorbing portion.

[0020] In one embodiment of this application, the regular polygon is one of an equilateral triangle, a regular quadrilateral, or a regular hexagon;

[0021] And / or, the radius of the circumcircle of the cross-section of the single-layer component ranges from... mm~ mm.

[0022] In one embodiment of this application, the absorbing portion is made of graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid material, and the transmitting portion is made of unmodified polylactic acid material;

[0023] The conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid ranges from 100 S / m to 500 S / m.

[0024] A microwave absorbing structure comprising a plurality of microwave absorbing units as described in any of the above technical features;

[0025] Multiple absorbing units are arranged in rows and columns, and adjacent absorbing units are connected to form a flat plate-shaped absorbing structure.

[0026] A method for forming a microwave absorbing structure, used to prepare the microwave absorbing structure as described above, the forming method comprising at least the following steps:

[0027] Single-layer components are printed using 3D printing equipment;

[0028] Multiple single-layer components are stacked along the height direction to form multiple wave-absorbing units, thereby forming the wave-absorbing structure;

[0029] Wherein, when the single-layer component includes a wave-absorbing part and a wave-transparent part, the wave-absorbing part and the wave-transparent part are combined into a whole by printing with a dual-head 3D printing device; when the single-layer component includes the wave-absorbing part or the wave-transparent part, the 3D printing device uses the corresponding printing nozzle to print the wave-absorbing part or the wave-transparent part.

[0030] And / or, the printing nozzle temperature range of the 3D printing equipment is 190℃~230℃, the printing heated bed temperature range is 30℃~60℃, and the printing speed range of the 3D printing equipment is 40mm·s. -1 ~60mm·s -1 .

[0031] By adopting the above embodiments, this application has at least the following technical effects:

[0032] The absorbing unit, absorbing structure, and molding method of the absorbing structure disclosed in this application involve multiple single-layer components stacked along the height direction in the absorbing unit. Multiple unit cells within each single-layer component are spaced apart along the thickness direction. When two adjacent single-layer components are stacked, at least a portion of the unit cells in each single-layer component are interconnected, and a certain phase difference exists between adjacent single-layer components. This results in the absorbing unit having a prismatic porous structure, improving its absorbing performance. Simultaneously, each single-layer component includes an absorbing portion made of absorbing material and / or a transparent portion made of transparent material. The area of ​​the absorbing portion in each single-layer component gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction, while the area of ​​the transparent portion gradually increases from bottom to top. This allows the absorbing portion in each single-layer component to form a regular pyramidal absorbing cone within the overall absorbing unit. The transparent portion in each single-layer component surrounds the periphery of the absorbing cone and together with the absorbing cone, forms a prismatic absorbing unit.

[0033] In this way, the absorbing unit forms a regular prism-shaped absorbing pyramid by stacking the absorbing portions of each single-layer component. This pyramid efficiently absorbs and attenuates electromagnetic waves, achieving the purpose of absorption. Furthermore, the transparent portions of each single-layer component surround the absorbing pyramid, filling its outer surface and giving the entire absorbing unit a prismatic structure. This prevents the tip of the pyramid from protruding, improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the absorbing unit, preventing breakage during transportation or installation, and ensuring its absorption performance. Simultaneously, the individual units within each single-layer component are spaced apart along the thickness direction, creating a prism-shaped perforated structure that reduces the overall weight of the absorbing unit. This also promotes multi-level reflection and scattering of incident electromagnetic waves, enhancing energy dissipation and improving the absorption performance of the absorbing unit. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit in the first embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view of the absorbing unit shown.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit shown.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit in the second embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The front view of the absorbing unit shown.

[0039] Figure 6 for Figure 4 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit shown.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit in the third embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 for Figure 7 The front view of the absorbing unit shown.

[0042] Figure 9 for Figure 7 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit shown.

[0043] Figure 10 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of a single-layer component in the wave-absorbing unit shown.

[0044] Figure 11 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the single-layer component shown.

[0045] Figure 12 for Figure 4 The diagram shows another embodiment of the single-layer component.

[0046] Figure 13 The reflectivity calculation results curves are for electromagnetic wave simulation of the absorbing structures of Examples 1, 2, and 3.

[0047] Figure 14 The reflectivity calculation result curve of the electromagnetic wave simulation of the absorbing structure in Example 4.

[0048] Figure 15 The reflectivity calculation result curve of the electromagnetic wave simulation of the absorbing structure in Example 5.

[0049] Figure 16 The reflectivity calculation result curve of the electromagnetic wave simulation of the absorbing structure in Example 6.

[0050] Figure 17 for Figure 1 The diagram shows an exploded view of the absorbing unit.

[0051] Figure 18 for Figure 4 The diagram shows an exploded view of the absorbing unit.

[0052] Figure 19 for Figure 7 The diagram shows an exploded view of the absorbing unit.

[0053] Wherein: 100, absorbing unit; 110, single-layer component; 111, unit body; 112, absorbing part; 113, transparent part; 120, base layer; 130, impedance gradient layer. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0056] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact, or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0059] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0060] Understandably, in core fields such as electronic equipment and aerospace, electromagnetic interference has become a key factor restricting the stable operation of equipment. It not only easily leads to signal distortion and equipment failure, but long-term high-intensity electromagnetic radiation can also harm human health. Against this backdrop, absorbing materials, by absorbing, converting, and dissipating incident electromagnetic waves to achieve energy attenuation, have become a core technological carrier for solving electromagnetic protection problems.

[0061] Among them, the pyramidal absorbing unit, with its unique gradient shape, can significantly reduce the reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves at the structural interface, while extending the transmission path of electromagnetic waves inside the structure. It achieves efficient energy dissipation through multiple reflections, scattering and dielectric loss, and is therefore widely used in microwave anechoic chambers, electromagnetic compatibility testing, equipment stealth and other scenarios.

[0062] Current microwave absorption technologies further optimize the pyramidal structure to improve performance, such as by using methods like impregnation and molding to layer and combine multiple materials. However, the current pyramidal structure still retains its overall pyramidal shape, resulting in poor structural load-bearing capacity, small apical cross-sectional area, and low strength. It is easily broken by slight impacts during transportation or installation, directly affecting the structure's microwave absorption performance.

[0063] For this purpose, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 This application provides a microwave absorbing unit 100. Figure 1This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit 100 in the first embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view of the absorbing unit 100 shown is shown. Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit 100 in the second embodiment of this application. Figure 5 for Figure 4 The front view of the absorbing unit 100 shown is shown. Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the absorbing unit 100 in the third embodiment of this application. Figure 8 for Figure 7 The front view of the absorbing unit 100 shown.

[0064] The absorbing unit 100 is used in an absorbing structure, which includes multiple absorbing units 100 arranged in rows and columns to form a flat plate-shaped absorbing structure. Each absorbing unit 100 is connected to at least two adjacent absorbing units 100, and there are no gaps between adjacent absorbing units 100, forming an integrated absorbing structure. In other words, multiple individual absorbing units 100 are spliced ​​together to form a flat plate-shaped absorbing structure. This absorbing structure can be installed on the inner surface of a detection device, and can shield electromagnetic waves on the inner surface of the detection device to ensure the reliability of the detection device's operation. Of course, this absorbing structure can also be applied to other devices that require electromagnetic wave shielding.

[0065] The microwave absorbing unit 100 of this application has an overall prismatic structure, which avoids the tip of the absorbing cone from being exposed, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the absorbing unit 100, preventing breakage of the absorbing cone during transportation or installation, and ensuring the microwave absorption performance of the absorbing cone. At the same time, the absorbing unit 100 has a prismatic perforated structure to reduce the overall weight of the absorbing unit 100, and also promotes multi-level reflection and scattering of incident electromagnetic waves, enhancing energy dissipation and improving the microwave absorption performance of the absorbing unit 100. The specific structure of the absorbing unit 100 in some embodiments is described below.

[0066] See Figures 1 to 9 In one embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes a plurality of single-layer components 110, which are stacked along the height direction and have a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. Each single-layer component 110 includes a plurality of unit bodies 111, each unit body 111 being spaced apart along the thickness direction, and at least a portion of the unit bodies 111 in adjacent single-layer components 110 are connected. Each single-layer component 110 includes an absorbing portion 112 made of absorbing material and / or a transparent portion 113 made of transparent material. The area of ​​the absorbing portion 112 of each single-layer component 110 in the absorbing unit 100 gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction to form a regular pyramidal absorbing pyramid, while the area of ​​the transparent portion 113 gradually increases from bottom to top along the height direction and fills the periphery of the absorbing pyramid. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit 100 shown. Figure 6 for Figure 4 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit 100 shown. Figure 9 for Figure 7 The top view of the wave-absorbing unit 100 shown. Figure 10 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of the single-layer component 110 in the wave-absorbing unit 100 shown. Figure 11 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the single-layer component 110 shown. Figure 12 for Figure 4 The diagram shows another embodiment of the single-layer component 110.

[0067] The single-layer component 110 is the main structure of the absorbing unit 100. Multiple single-layer components 110 are stacked along the height direction to form the absorbing unit 100. Here, the height direction refers to the vertical direction and top-to-bottom direction of the absorbing unit 100. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figures 10 to 12 The vertical and horizontal directions, and the top-bottom direction shown, will not be elaborated further in the following text. That is to say, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. The multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction can form a prism-shaped absorbing unit 100. It should be noted that the prism shape includes, but is not limited to, triangular prisms, square prisms, hexagonal prisms, etc., which will be explained in detail later.

[0068] The single-layer component 110 includes multiple unit cells 111, each unit cell 111 having a length direction and a thickness direction, such as Figures 10 to 12 The front-to-back direction of unit 111 is its length direction, and the left-to-right direction and wall thickness direction are its thickness directions. The length and thickness directions will not be elaborated further below. Each unit 111 extends along its length, and multiple units 111 in a single-layer component 110 are also spaced apart along their thickness direction. This allows for spacing between adjacent units 111. The stacking of multiple single-layer components 110 along their height direction enables the absorbing unit 100 to form a porous structure, thereby reducing the overall weight and cost of the absorbing unit 100.

[0069] Furthermore, when the two single-layer components 110 are stacked, there is a certain phase difference between them. That is, the upper single-layer component 110 is rotated a certain angle in the horizontal plane before being stacked on top of the lower single-layer component 110, so that multiple unit cells 111 in the upper single-layer component 110 can be staggered with multiple unit cells 111 in the lower single-layer component 110. Thus, because there is a gap between adjacent unit cells 111 in the thickness direction, and because there is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110, the gaps in the upper single-layer component 110 are staggered with those in the lower single-layer component 110, thereby forming a porous structure absorbing unit 100. On the one hand, the staggered connection of multiple unit cells 111 enables reliable connection between the unit cells 111, improving the stability of the absorbing unit 100 structure. On the other hand, after electromagnetic waves enter the absorbing unit 100, the porous structure can also perform multi-level reflection and scattering of the electromagnetic waves, further enhancing the energy dissipation of the absorbing unit 100 and improving the absorption effect.

[0070] Meanwhile, each single-layer component 110 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and / or a wave-transmitting portion 113, wherein the wave-absorbing portion 112 is made of wave-absorbing material and the wave-transmitting portion 113 is made of wave-transmitting material. Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 In the diagram, the bottom portion and the area within the dotted line constitute the wave-absorbing portion 112, while the remaining portion constitutes the wave-transmitting portion 113. To better illustrate the wave-absorbing portion 112 and the wave-transmitting portion 113, this application also includes an exploded view of the wave-absorbing unit 100, as shown below. Figures 17 to 19 As shown, Figure 17 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the absorbing unit 100 shown is presented. Figure 18 for Figure 4 An exploded view of the absorbing unit 100 shown is presented. Figure 19 for Figure 7 An exploded view of the absorbing unit 100 shown.

[0071] exist Figures 17 to 19 In the structure, the pyramidal part is the absorbing portion 112 of the absorbing unit 100, and the prismatic part is the transmitting portion 113 of the absorbing unit 100. Furthermore, the inner cavity of the transmitting portion 113 is hollow, and the absorbing portion 112 is disposed within the inner cavity of the transmitting portion 113. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 In the middle, only the bottom absorbing part 112 is visible; the rest of the absorbing part 112 is blocked by the transparent part 113. Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 8As can be seen, the cross-sectional area of ​​the dotted absorbing portion 112 gradually decreases from bottom to top, so that the absorbing portion 112 is cone-shaped as a whole, while the cross-sectional area of ​​the wave-transmitting portion 113 gradually increases from bottom to top, so that the inner cavity of the wave-transmitting portion 113 is cone-shaped as a whole.

[0072] It should be noted that the single-layer component 110 includes multiple unit bodies 111, which is different from describing the structure of the single-layer component 110 from the perspective of including a wave-absorbing portion 112 and / or a wave-transparent portion 113. These two descriptions are not contradictory. The unit body 111 is the basic unit of the single-layer component 110. The wave-absorbing portion 112 and the wave-transparent portion 113 are the materials of the single-layer component 110. The wave-absorbing portion 112 and / or the wave-transparent portion 113 form the unit body 111, and the unit bodies 111 are arranged along the thickness direction to form the single-layer component 110. The single-layer component 110 may simultaneously include a wave-absorbing portion 112 made of wave-absorbing material and a wave-transparent portion 113 made of wave-transparent material, or it may include only a wave-absorbing portion 112 made of wave-absorbing material and only a wave-transparent portion 113 made of wave-transparent material.

[0073] Furthermore, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110. Some single-layer components 110 include an absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113, while others include an absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113. Alternatively, some single-layer components 110 may include an absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113, while others may include an absorbing portion 112, or a absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113, while others include a transmitting portion 113. These two methods are essentially the same in principle as the structure described above, and will not be elaborated further below.

[0074] After multiple single-layer components 110 in the absorbing unit 100 are stacked along the height direction, the area of ​​the absorbing portion 112 in each single-layer component 110 gradually decreases from the bottom to the top along the height direction, while the area of ​​the transparent portion 113 in each single-layer component 110 gradually increases from the bottom to the top along the height direction, and the transparent portion 113 surrounds the periphery of the absorbing portion 112. Here, the area refers to the area in the horizontal plane. In this way, the stacking of the absorbing portions 112 of each single-layer component 110 in the absorbing unit 100 can form a pyramidal structure for absorbing electromagnetic waves. The absorbing pyramid absorbs and reflects electromagnetic waves, and the transparent portion 113 surrounds the periphery of the absorbing pyramid.

[0075] In other words, the wave-absorbing portion 112 and the wave-transmitting portion 113 in the single-layer component 110 generally exhibit a complementary structural form. The wave-transmitting portion 113 fills the periphery of the wave-absorbing portion 112. When the area of ​​the wave-absorbing portion 112 increases, the area of ​​the wave-transmitting portion 113 decreases accordingly; conversely, when the area of ​​the wave-absorbing portion 112 decreases, the area of ​​the wave-transmitting portion 113 increases accordingly. Figures 17 to 19 As shown.

[0076] After the wave-transmitting portion 113 surrounds the wave-absorbing portion 112, the wave-transmitting portion 113 can supplement the outer periphery of the wave-absorbing cone, so that the wave-absorbing unit 100 has an overall prismatic structure. In this way, the tip of the wave-absorbing cone will not be exposed, eliminating the physical tip of the cone in the traditional structure. The top of the wave-absorbing unit 100 is generally flat to ensure the load-bearing capacity of the wave-absorbing unit 100, prevent the outside from contacting the tip of the wave-absorbing cone, and thus prevent damage to the wave-absorbing cone, thereby ensuring the wave-absorbing effect of the wave-absorbing unit 100.

[0077] The absorbing unit 100 in the above embodiment forms a regular pyramidal absorbing cone by stacking the absorbing portions 112 in each single-layer component 110. This absorbing cone efficiently absorbs and attenuates electromagnetic waves, achieving the purpose of wave absorption. Furthermore, the wave-transparent portions 113 in each single-layer component 110 surround the absorbing cone, filling its outer surface and giving the absorbing unit 100 an overall prismatic structure. This prevents the tip of the absorbing cone from protruding, improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the absorbing unit 100, preventing breakage during transportation or installation, and ensuring the absorbing performance of the absorbing cone. Simultaneously, the individual units 111 in the single-layer component 110 are spaced apart along the thickness direction, creating a prismatic perforated structure for the absorbing unit 100. This reduces the overall weight of the absorbing unit 100 and also promotes multi-level reflection and scattering of incident electromagnetic waves, enhancing energy dissipation and improving the absorbing performance of the absorbing unit 100.

[0078] In one embodiment, the absorbing portion 112 is made of graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid (PLA) material, and the transmitting portion 113 is made of unmodified PLA material. The conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive PLA ranges from 100 S / m to 500 S / m. Using graphene-modified conductive PLA material to make the absorbing portion 112 ensures its absorption effect on electromagnetic waves, while using unmodified PLA material to make the transmitting portion 113 ensures its penetration effect on electromagnetic waves.

[0079] It should be noted that the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid (PLA) material and the unmodified PLA material are existing materials, which are not the focus of this application and will not be elaborated upon further. Of course, in other embodiments, the absorbing portion 112 can also be made of other materials capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves, and the transmitting portion 113 can also be made of other materials that allow electromagnetic waves to penetrate. Furthermore, when the conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive PLA is within the aforementioned range, the absorbing portion 112 can reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves to form a shielding layer and improve the wave absorption effect.

[0080] See Figures 1 to 12 In one embodiment, the outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is a regular polygon, and the outer contour of the cross-section of the absorbing portion 112 is a regular polygon. The outer contour shape of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is the same as the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the absorbing portion 112. After multiple single-layer components 110 are stacked along the height direction, a regular prism-shaped absorbing unit 100 can be formed.

[0081] In this way, the cross-sectional shape of the absorbing unit 100 is the same from bottom to top. When multiple absorbing units 100 are spliced ​​together to form an absorbing structure, adjacent absorbing units 100 can be connected simultaneously, avoiding incomplete connections, thereby improving the structural strength of the absorbing structure and facilitating the connection of the absorbing units 100. Furthermore, the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is the same as the outer contour shape of the absorbing part 112, which also facilitates the design and molding of the absorbing unit 100.

[0082] See Figures 1 to 3 In the first embodiment of this application, the regular polygon is an equilateral triangle. That is, the single-layer component 110 is an equilateral triangle in the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is an equilateral triangle, and the outer contour of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the single-layer component 110 is also an equilateral triangle. Furthermore, the edge of the wave-absorbing portion 112 is parallel to the edge of the single-layer component 110, the wave-absorbing portion 112 is located in the middle of the single-layer component 110, and the wave-transmitting portion 113 fills the periphery of the wave-absorbing portion 112. In this way, multiple single-layer components 110 can be stacked to form a regular triangular prism-shaped wave-absorbing unit 100.

[0083] See Figures 4 to 6In the second embodiment of this application, the regular polygon is a regular quadrilateral. That is, the single-layer component 110 is a regular quadrilateral in the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is a regular quadrilateral, and the outer contour of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the single-layer component 110 is also a regular quadrilateral. Furthermore, the edge of the wave-absorbing portion 112 is parallel to the edge of the single-layer component 110, the wave-absorbing portion 112 is located in the middle of the single-layer component 110, and the wave-transmitting portion 113 fills the periphery of the wave-absorbing portion 112. In this way, multiple single-layer components 110 can be stacked to form a regular square prism-shaped wave-absorbing unit 100.

[0084] See Figures 7 to 9 In the third embodiment of this application, the regular polygon is a regular hexagon. That is, the single-layer component 110 is a regular hexagon in the horizontal plane. In this embodiment, the outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is a regular hexagon, and the outer contour of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the single-layer component 110 is also a regular hexagon. Furthermore, the edge of the wave-absorbing portion 112 is parallel to the edge of the single-layer component 110, the wave-absorbing portion 112 is located in the middle of the single-layer component 110, and the wave-transmitting portion 113 fills the periphery of the wave-absorbing portion 112. In this way, multiple single-layer components 110 can be stacked to form a regular hexagonal prism-shaped wave-absorbing unit 100.

[0085] It should be noted that the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the single-layer component 110 is not limited to the above, and can also be other regular polygons, as long as it can facilitate the connection between the absorbing units 100. This application will not make any further explanation.

[0086] See Figures 1 to 12 In one embodiment, the radius of the circumcircle of the cross-section of the single-layer member 110 ranges from [missing information]. mm~ mm. When the radius of the circumcircle of the cross-section of the single-layer member 110 is within the above-mentioned range, the area of ​​the single-layer member 110 in the horizontal plane can be defined.

[0087] See Figures 10 to 12 In one embodiment, each unit body 111 is linear, linearly spliced, arc-spliced, or a combination of linear and arc-spliced ​​shapes along its length. When the unit body 111 is linearly spliced, arc-spliced, or a combination of linear and arc-spliced ​​shapes, at least one side of the unit body 111 along its thickness direction has a protruding portion. It should be noted that the shape of the unit body 111 is not limited in principle, as long as the unit body 111 can extend along its length and connect with the unit bodies 111 in the upper and lower single-layer members 110.

[0088] Optionally, the unit body 111 can be linear along its length, such as... Figure 10As shown. Optionally, the unit body 111 can be a straight-line splicing type along the length direction and protrude towards both sides in the thickness direction, as shown. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the straight-line splicing type can increase the wave-absorbing area of ​​the unit 111, thereby improving the wave-absorbing effect. Of course, in other embodiments, the unit 111 can also be in the arc splicing type or the straight line and curve splicing type along the length direction, and protrude towards both sides in the thickness direction to increase the wave-absorbing area of ​​the unit 111, thereby improving the wave-absorbing effect.

[0089] See Figure 10 In one embodiment, the unit body 111 is linear along its length. In this embodiment, each unit body 111 has a linear structure. The linear unit body 111 can be connected to the unit bodies 111 in the upper and lower single-layer components 110, and can reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves.

[0090] See Figure 11 In another embodiment, the unit body 111 can be linearly spliced ​​along its length and protrude towards both sides in the thickness direction, and the protruding portion of the unit body 111 is generally V-shaped. In this way, the linearly spliced ​​unit body 111 can be connected to the unit bodies 111 in the upper and lower single-layer components 110, while the V-shape can increase the wave-absorbing area of ​​the unit body 111, thereby improving the wave-absorbing effect.

[0091] See Figure 12 In another embodiment, the unit body 111 can be linearly spliced ​​along its length and protrude towards both sides in the thickness direction. Furthermore, the protruding portions of the unit body 111 are generally trapezoidal. In this way, the linearly spliced ​​unit body 111 can be connected to the unit bodies 111 in the upper and lower single-layer components 110. At the same time, the trapezoidal shape can increase the wave-absorbing area of ​​the unit body 111, thereby improving the wave-absorbing effect.

[0092] It should be noted that the above describes several structural forms that unit body 111 can achieve. However, the structural forms of unit body 111 are not limited to the above and can also be other, such as wave-shaped, etc. This application will not elaborate on other shapes.

[0093] See Figures 10 to 12 In one embodiment, the dimension of the single-layer member 110 along the height direction ranges from 1 mm to 3 mm. In this embodiment, the dimension of the single-layer member 110 along the height direction is 2 mm. Of course, in other embodiments, the dimension of the single-layer member 110 along the height direction can also be other dimensions. Having the dimension of the single-layer member 110 within the above-mentioned range along the height direction can increase the porosity of the absorbing unit 100. This allows the absorbing unit 100 to achieve good wave absorption performance even at a relatively low height.

[0094] See Figures 10 to 12 In one embodiment, the phase difference between two adjacent single-layer components 110 ranges from 60° to 90°. In this embodiment, the phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110 along the height direction can be 90°, that is, the upper single-layer component 110 and the lower single-layer component 110 are orthogonally distributed. Of course, in other embodiments, the phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110 along the height direction can also be other angles.

[0095] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 further includes a substrate layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130, with the impedance gradient layer 130 disposed on the substrate layer 120. The substrate layer 120 includes an absorbing portion 112. The impedance gradient layer 130 includes an absorbing portion 112 and a transparent portion 113, with the transparent portion 113 surrounding the periphery of the absorbing portion 112, and the area of ​​the absorbing portion 112 gradually decreasing and the area of ​​the transparent portion 113 gradually increasing along the height direction from bottom to top.

[0096] The base layer 120 and the impedance gradient layer 130 are also described from different perspectives regarding the structure of the absorbing unit 100. Both the base layer 120 and the impedance gradient layer 130 actually include a single-layer component 110, but the absorbing portion 112 and the transmitting portion 113 included in their single-layer components 110 are different. The base layer 120 is the bottom structure of the absorbing unit 100, and the impedance gradient layer 130 is the main structure of the absorbing unit 100. The impedance gradient layer 130 is disposed above the base layer 120 and is an integral structure with the base layer 120.

[0097] Furthermore, the base layer 120 is entirely made of absorbing material, and the wave-transparent portion 113 surrounds the periphery of the absorbing portion 112. The impedance gradient layer 130 is made of both absorbing and wave-transparent materials. In the impedance gradient layer 130, the area of ​​the absorbing portion 112 in each single-layer component 110 gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction, while the area of ​​the wave-transparent portion 113 gradually increases from bottom to top along the height direction. In this way, the absorbing portion 112 in the impedance gradient layer 130 can form a pyramidal structure of absorbing cones. By absorbing and reflecting electromagnetic waves through the absorbing cones, and with the wave-transparent portion 113 surrounding the periphery of the absorbing cones, the absorbing unit 100 has a prismatic structure.

[0098] In this way, the tip of the absorbing pyramid is not exposed, eliminating the physical tip of the pyramid in traditional structures. The top of the absorbing unit 100 is entirely planar to ensure the load-bearing capacity of the absorbing unit 100, prevent external contact with the tip of the absorbing pyramid, and thus prevent damage to the absorbing pyramid, thereby ensuring the absorption effect of the absorbing unit 100. At the same time, after electromagnetic waves enter the absorbing unit 100, the electromagnetic waves can pass through the wave-transparent part 113 and come into contact with the wave-absorbing part 112. The wave-absorbing part 112 efficiently absorbs and reflects the electromagnetic waves, enhancing energy dissipation. Furthermore, the absorbing unit 100 fills the periphery of the wave-absorbing part 112 with the wave-transparent part 113, achieving a balance between absorption performance, structural strength, lightweight characteristics, and ease of manufacturing.

[0099] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the height of the impedance gradient layer 130 along the height direction ranges from 5mm to 30mm, and the ratio of the height of the substrate layer 120 along the height direction to the height of the impedance gradient layer 130 along the height direction ranges from (1:6) to (5:2). With the height of the substrate layer 120 within the above range, the height of the impedance gradient layer 130 can be obtained, and consequently, the height of the absorbing unit 100 can be obtained. This allows the absorbing unit 100 to achieve good broadband (1GHz~18GHz) absorption performance even with a relatively low height, directly solving the problem that traditional pyramids must be made tall and bulky to cover a wide frequency band, thus providing possibilities for device lightweighting and miniaturization.

[0100] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the middle portion of the impedance gradient layer 130 has a frustum-shaped absorbing portion 112, and the top portion of the absorbing portion 112 has a pyramid-shaped absorbing portion 112. The area of ​​the bottom of the absorbing portion 112 in one of the single-layer members 110 is equal to the area of ​​the top of the absorbing portion 112 in the lower single-layer member 110, and the area of ​​the top of the absorbing portion 112 in one of the single-layer members 110 is equal to the area of ​​the bottom of the absorbing portion 112 in the upper single-layer member 110.

[0101] In other words, the wave-absorbing portion 112 of the top single-layer component 110 is pyramidal, while the wave-absorbing portions 112 in the remaining single-layer components 110 are frustum-shaped. Furthermore, the area of ​​the bottom of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the middle single-layer component 110 is equal to the area of ​​the top of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the lower single-layer component 110, and the area of ​​the top of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the middle single-layer component 110 is equal to the area of ​​the bottom of the wave-absorbing portion 112 in the upper single-layer component 110. Thus, the wave-absorbing portions 112 in the wave-absorbing unit 100 are smoothly connected along the height direction to ensure the wave-absorbing effect of the wave-absorbing unit 100.

[0102] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one embodiment, the dimensions of the absorbing portion 112 along the height direction in the impedance gradient layer 130 are equal to the dimensions of the transparent portion 113 along the height direction. In this way, the transparent portion 113 can fill the periphery of the absorbing portion 112 to form a flat single-layer member 110 to protect the tip of the absorbing cone.

[0103] The structure and absorption effect of the absorbing unit 100 are illustrated below through several embodiments.

[0104] Example 1

[0105] See Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 10 In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple unit bodies 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight line and spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a triangular prism structure with an equilateral triangle as the base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and a wave-transmitting portion 113.

[0106] In the absorbing unit 100, each absorbing portion 112 is stacked along the height direction to form a regular triangular pyramid with an equilateral triangle of the same size as the absorbing unit 100 as its base. The portion of the triangular prism other than the regular triangular pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumcircle radius of the equilateral triangle is 10 mm, the height of the base layer 120 is 5 mm, the height of the impedance gradient layer 130 is 30 mm, and the conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid is 200 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment is simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13The curves show the simulation results of the reflectivity of the absorbing structures composed of absorbing units 100 in Examples 1, 2, and 3. Figure 13 In the frequency range of 1GHz to 18GHz, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 1 is shown as the curve with black rectangular lines. The wave-absorbing structure has a good wave-absorbing effect at a frequency of 6GHz and also has good wave-absorbing performance in other frequency ranges.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] See Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 10 In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple unit bodies 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight line and spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a quadrangular prism structure with a regular quadrilateral base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and a wave-transmitting portion 113.

[0109] In the absorbing unit 100, the absorbing portions 112 are stacked along the height direction to form a regular square pyramid with a base of a regular square of the same size as the absorbing unit 100. The portion of the square pyramid other than the regular square pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumradius of the regular square is... The substrate 120 has a height of 5 mm, the impedance gradient layer 130 has a height of 30 mm, and the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid has a conductivity of 100 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 13 As shown. In Figure 13 In the frequency range of 1GHz to 18GHz, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 2 is shown as the curve with black circular lines. The wave-absorbing structure has a good wave-absorbing effect at a frequency of 6GHz and also has good wave-absorbing performance in other frequency ranges.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] See Figures 7 to 10In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple unit bodies 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight line and spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a hexagonal prism structure with a regular hexagon as the base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and a wave-transmitting portion 113.

[0112] In the absorbing unit 100, the absorbing portions 112 are stacked along the height direction to form a regular hexagonal pyramid with a base of a regular hexagon of the same size as the absorbing unit 100. The portion of the hexagonal prism other than the regular hexagonal pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumcircle radius of the regular hexagon is 10 mm, the height of the base layer 120 is 5 mm, the height of the impedance gradient layer 130 is 30 mm, and the conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid is 200 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment is simulated, and the structure is as follows. Figure 13 As shown. In Figure 13 In the frequency range of 1GHz to 18GHz, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 3 is shown as the curve with black triangular lines. The wave-absorbing structure has a good wave-absorbing effect at a frequency of 6GHz and also has good wave-absorbing performance in other frequency ranges.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] See Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 11 In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple units 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight-line splicing manner, and the protruding part in the unit 111 is approximately V-shaped. The multiple units 111 are spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a quadrangular prism structure with a regular quadrilateral base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and a wave-transmitting portion 113.

[0115] In the absorbing unit 100, the absorbing portions 112 are stacked along the height direction to form a regular square pyramid with a base of a regular square of the same size as the absorbing unit 100. The portion of the square pyramid other than the regular square pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumradius of the regular square is... The substrate 120 has a height of 25 mm, the impedance gradient layer 130 has a height of 10 mm, and the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid has a conductivity of 500 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 The curve shows the reflection rate simulation result of the absorbing structure composed of absorbing unit 100 in Example 4. Figure 14 In the frequency range of 1GHz to 18GHz, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 4 is shown by the curve with black rectangular lines. The wave-absorbing structure has a good wave-absorbing effect at frequencies of 8GHz and 16GHz, and also has good wave-absorbing performance in other frequency ranges.

[0116] Example 5

[0117] See Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 12 In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple units 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight-line splicing manner, and the protruding part in the unit 111 is approximately trapezoidal. The multiple units 111 are spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a quadrangular prism structure with a regular quadrilateral base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes an absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes an absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113.

[0118] In the absorbing unit 100, the absorbing portions 112 are stacked along the height direction to form a regular square pyramid with a base of a regular square of the same size as the absorbing unit 100. The portion of the square pyramid other than the regular square pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumradius of the regular square is... The substrate 120 has a height of 5 mm, the impedance gradient layer 130 has a height of 5 mm, and the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid has a conductivity of 100 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 15 As shown, Figure 15 The curves show the reflection rate simulation results of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in Example 5.

[0119] exist Figure 15In the frequency range of 1GHz to 18GHz, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 5 is shown by the curve with black rectangular lines. The absorbing structure has a good absorption effect on electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 5GHz and also has good absorption performance in other frequency ranges. To better illustrate the absorption effect of the porous structure of the absorbing unit 100 in this application, as a comparison, a solid square pyramid of the same size as in this embodiment was simulated under the same conditions. The simulation curve of the solid square pyramid is shown by black circular lines. Comparing the porous structure absorbing unit 100 of this application with the solid square pyramid, the porous structure absorbing unit 100 of this application has better absorption performance, especially at a frequency of 5GHz, where the absorption effect of the solid square pyramid is relatively poor.

[0120] Example 6

[0121] See Figures 4 to 6 , Figure 12 In this embodiment, the absorbing unit 100 includes multiple single-layer components 110 stacked along the height direction. There is a phase difference between adjacent single-layer components 110. The multiple units 111 of the single-layer component 110 are arranged in a straight-line splicing manner, and the protruding part in the unit 111 is approximately trapezoidal. The multiple units 111 are spaced apart along the thickness direction. The dimension of the single-layer component 110 along the height direction is 2mm. The absorbing unit 100 is a quadrangular prism structure with a regular quadrilateral base, and includes a base layer 120 and an impedance gradient layer 130. The base layer 120 includes an absorbing portion 112, and the impedance gradient layer 130 includes an absorbing portion 112 and a transmitting portion 113.

[0122] In the absorbing unit 100, the absorbing portions 112 are stacked along the height direction to form a regular square pyramid with a base of a regular square of the same size as the absorbing unit 100. The portion of the square pyramid other than the regular square pyramid is the wave-transmitting portion 113. The circumradius of the regular square is... The substrate 120 has a height of 5 mm, the impedance gradient layer 130 has a height of 10 mm, and the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid has a conductivity of 200 S / cm. The reflectivity of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in this embodiment was simulated, and the results are as follows: Figure 16 As shown, Figure 16 The curves show the reflection rate simulation results of the absorbing structure composed of the absorbing unit 100 in Example 6.

[0123] exist Figure 16In the 1GHz~18GHz range, the reflectivity of electromagnetic waves in Example 6 is shown by the curve with black rectangular lines. The absorbing structure has good absorption effect on electromagnetic waves at frequencies of 4GHz and 14GHz, and also has good absorption performance in other frequency ranges. To better illustrate the absorption effect of the porous structure of the absorbing unit 100 in this application, as a comparison, a solid square pyramid of the same size as in this embodiment was simulated under the same conditions. The simulation curve of the solid square pyramid is shown by black circular lines. Comparing the porous structure absorbing unit 100 of this application with the solid square pyramid, the porous structure absorbing unit 100 of this application has better absorption performance, especially at a frequency of 4GHz, where the absorption effect of the solid square pyramid is relatively poor.

[0124] Compared to traditional pyramidal structures, the absorbing unit 100 of this application achieves superior absorption performance over a wider frequency range (1GHz~18GHz) with a lower height. This directly solves the problem of traditional pyramids having to be tall and bulky to cover a wide frequency band, making it possible to achieve lightweight and miniaturized equipment. Furthermore, the absorbing unit 100 of this application is formed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) via 3D printing. Thanks to the precise manufacturing capabilities of 3D printing technology for complex internal structures, this structure achieves similar absorption performance to traditional pyramids while being significantly lighter overall.

[0125] Meanwhile, when the absorbing unit 100 is prismatic, multiple absorbing units 100 can form a flat absorbing structure, overcoming the problem of fragile and easily broken tips in traditional pyramidal structures. This significantly improves the overall mechanical strength, load-bearing capacity, and impact resistance of the structure, greatly expanding the application scenarios of the material. Furthermore, 3D printing technology provides a high degree of design freedom, allowing precise control over the morphology, size, and distribution of the porous structure. This enables the impedance parameters of the absorbing unit 100 to be flexibly designed and adjusted, thereby optimizing performance. The integrated molding process avoids complex composite processes, simplifies the production process, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0126] The absorbing unit 100 of this application forms a regular pyramidal absorbing cone by stacking the absorbing portions 112 in each single-layer component 110. This absorbing cone efficiently absorbs and attenuates electromagnetic waves, achieving the purpose of wave absorption. Furthermore, the wave-transparent portions 113 in each single-layer component 110 surround the absorbing cone, filling its outer surface and giving the absorbing unit 100 an overall prismatic structure. This prevents the tip of the absorbing cone from protruding, improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the absorbing unit 100, preventing breakage during transportation or installation, and ensuring the absorbing performance of the absorbing cone. Simultaneously, the individual units 111 in the single-layer component 110 are spaced apart along the thickness direction, creating a prismatic perforated structure for the absorbing unit 100. This reduces the overall weight of the absorbing unit 100 and also promotes multi-level reflection and scattering of incident electromagnetic waves, enhancing energy dissipation and improving the absorbing performance of the absorbing unit 100.

[0127] This application also provides a microwave absorbing structure, which includes a plurality of microwave absorbing units 100 as described in any of the above embodiments. The plurality of microwave absorbing units 100 are arranged in rows and columns, with adjacent microwave absorbing units 100 connected to form a flat plate-shaped microwave absorbing structure. By using the microwave absorbing units 100 of the above embodiments, the microwave absorbing structure of this application can form a flat plate-shaped microwave absorbing structure, avoiding the exposure of the tip of the microwave absorbing cone, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and structural strength of the microwave absorbing unit 100, preventing breakage of the microwave absorbing cone during transportation or installation, and ensuring the microwave absorbing performance of the microwave absorbing cone.

[0128] This application also provides a method for forming a microwave absorbing structure, used to prepare a microwave absorbing structure as described in any of the above embodiments. The forming method includes at least the following steps:

[0129] Single-layer component 110 was printed using 3D printing equipment;

[0130] Multiple single-layer components 110 are stacked along the height direction to form multiple wave-absorbing units 100, thereby forming a wave-absorbing structure.

[0131] This application employs fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing to form the microwave absorbing unit 100. Benefiting from the precise manufacturing capabilities of 3D printing for complex internal structures, this structure achieves similar microwave absorption performance to traditional pyramids while being significantly lighter. Furthermore, the prismatic shape of the microwave absorbing unit 100 allows multiple units to form a flat, planar absorption structure, overcoming the vulnerability and breakage of the pointed ends inherent in traditional pyramids. This significantly improves the overall mechanical strength, load-bearing capacity, and impact resistance, greatly expanding the material's application scenarios. Simultaneously, 3D printing technology provides considerable design freedom, allowing for precise control over the morphology, size, and distribution of the porous structure. This enables flexible design and adjustment of the impedance parameters of the microwave absorbing unit 100, thereby optimizing performance. The integrated molding process avoids complex composite processes, simplifies the production flow, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0132] When the single-layer component 110 includes a wave-absorbing portion 112 and a wave-transmitting portion 113, a dual-head 3D printing device is used to print the wave-absorbing portion 112 and the wave-transmitting portion 113 together as a whole. When the single-layer component 110 includes either a wave-absorbing portion 112 or a wave-transmitting portion 113, the 3D printing device uses the corresponding printing nozzle to print the wave-absorbing portion 112 or the wave-transmitting portion 113. In this way, different 3D printing devices can be used to print different materials, achieving dual-material integrated printing and improving printing efficiency. In one embodiment, the printing nozzle temperature range of the 3D printing device is 190℃~230℃, the printing heated bed temperature range is 30℃~60℃, and the printing speed range of the 3D printing device is 40mm·s. -1 ~60mm·s -1 .

[0133] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0134] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wave-absorbing unit, characterized in that, It includes multiple single-layer components, which are stacked along the height direction, and there is a phase difference between two adjacent single-layer components; The single-layer component includes multiple unit bodies, each of which is spaced apart along the thickness direction, and at least some of the unit bodies in two adjacent single-layer components are connected to each other. Each of the single-layer components includes an absorbing portion made of a microwave-absorbing material and / or a microwave-transparent portion made of a microwave-transparent material; In the absorbing unit, the area of ​​the absorbing portion of each single-layer component gradually decreases from bottom to top along the height direction to form a regular pyramidal absorbing cone, while the area of ​​the transparent portion gradually increases from bottom to top along the height direction and fills the periphery of the absorbing cone.

2. The absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned unit bodies is in the form of a straight line, a straight line splicing type, an arc splicing type, or a straight line and an arc splicing type along the length direction. When the unit body is in the form of a straight line splicing type, an arc splicing type, or a straight line and an arc splicing type, the unit body has a protruding portion on at least one side along the thickness direction. And / or, the dimensions of the single-layer component along the height direction range from 1mm to 3mm; And / or, the phase difference between two adjacent single-layer components is in the range of 60° to 90°.

3. The absorbing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absorbing unit includes a substrate layer and an impedance gradient layer, wherein the impedance gradient layer is disposed on the substrate layer.

4. The absorbing unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The substrate layer includes the wave-absorbing portion; The impedance gradient layer includes the absorbing portion and the transmitting portion. The transmitting portion surrounds the periphery of the absorbing portion and gradually decreases in area from bottom to top along the height direction, while gradually increasing in area.

5. The absorbing unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The height of the impedance gradient layer along the height direction ranges from 5mm to 30mm, and the ratio of the height of the base layer along the height direction to the height of the impedance gradient layer along the height direction ranges from (1:6) to (5:2). And / or, the middle portion of the impedance gradient layer has a frustum shape, the top portion has a pyramid shape, and the bottom area of ​​the absorbing portion in one of the single-layer components is equal to the top area of ​​the absorbing portion in the lower single-layer component, and the top area of ​​the absorbing portion in one of the single-layer components is equal to the bottom area of ​​the absorbing portion in the upper single-layer component; And / or, the dimension of the absorbing portion in the impedance gradient layer along the height direction is equal to the dimension of the transparent portion along the height direction.

6. The absorbing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The outer contour of the cross-section of the single-layer component is a regular polygon, the outer contour of the cross-section of the wave-absorbing part is a regular polygon, and the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the single-layer component is the same as the outer contour shape of the cross-section of the wave-absorbing part.

7. The absorbing unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The regular polygon is one of an equilateral triangle, a regular quadrilateral, or a regular hexagon; And / or, the radius of the circumcircle of the cross-section of the single-layer component ranges from... mm~ mm.

8. The absorbing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The absorbing part is made of graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid material, and the transmitting part is made of unmodified polylactic acid material. The conductivity of the graphene-modified conductive polylactic acid ranges from 100 S / m to 500 S / m.

9. A wave-absorbing structure, characterized in that, Includes multiple absorbing units as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; Multiple absorbing units are arranged in rows and columns, and adjacent absorbing units are connected to form a flat plate-shaped absorbing structure.

10. A method for forming a microwave absorbing structure, characterized in that, The molding method for preparing the microwave absorbing structure as described in claim 9 includes at least the following steps: Single-layer components are printed using 3D printing equipment; Multiple single-layer components are stacked along the height direction to form multiple wave-absorbing units, thereby forming the wave-absorbing structure; Wherein, when the single-layer component includes a wave-absorbing part and a wave-transparent part, the wave-absorbing part and the wave-transparent part are combined into a whole by printing with a dual-head 3D printing device; when the single-layer component includes the wave-absorbing part or the wave-transparent part, the 3D printing device uses the corresponding printing nozzle to print the wave-absorbing part or the wave-transparent part. And / or, the printing nozzle temperature range of the 3D printing equipment is 190℃~230℃, the printing heated bed temperature range is 30℃~60℃, and the printing speed range of the 3D printing equipment is 40mm·s. -1 ~60mm·s -1 .

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