Vehicle emergency call antenna device and ecall-5g integrated antenna

Abstract

This disclosure provides a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device and an ECALL-5G integrated antenna. The vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device includes an antenna substrate, a 5G antenna assembly, and an ECALL antenna assembly. The 5G antenna assembly includes multiple 5G antenna elements. The ECALL antenna assembly includes an ECALL antenna top plate and an ECALL antenna back plate. The ECALL antenna top plate has an isolation slot located near the edge of the antenna substrate. The ECALL antenna top plate is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate and to the ECALL transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver. By adjusting the mirrored ground plane structure of the ECALL antenna in the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device, the antenna standing wave ratio is optimized, thereby effectively improving the performance of the ECALL antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device and an ECALL-5G integrated antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Globally, there are approximately 200,000 traffic accidents involving injuries or fatalities each year. Traditional rescue methods are characterized by long response times and high mortality rates. EU research indicates that equipping vehicles with eCall systems can reduce rescue arrival times by about 50%, saving at least 2,500 lives annually. In the event of a serious collision, the eCall system must immediately send a distress signal to the rescue center, which requires a high-quality antenna to ensure reliable communication.

[0003] The ECALL antenna is a core radio frequency communication component of the vehicle emergency call (ECALL) system. Essentially, it's a dedicated communication antenna adapted to cellular networks, and some solutions integrate satellite positioning (GPS / BeiDou) antenna functionality. Its core working principle is to achieve efficient transmission and reception of radio frequency signals, ensuring stable data and voice communication between the ECALL system and the rescue center in emergency situations. The entire process revolves around four core stages: "triggering - positioning - communication - holding".

[0004] There are two main design approaches for traditional ECALL antennas: one is to integrate them into the T-BOX, and the other is to design them separately as an external antenna. Designing a separate antenna is too costly, and traditional T-BOXs themselves do not have enough space to design an ECALL antenna, resulting in excessively high design costs and difficulties for ECALL antennas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device and an ECALL-5G integrated antenna that improves space utilization and reduces costs.

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is achieved through the following technical solution: An on-board emergency call antenna device includes: an antenna substrate, a 5G antenna assembly, and an ECALL antenna assembly; the 5G antenna assembly includes multiple 5G antenna elements spaced apart on the edge of the antenna substrate, and the feed point of each 5G antenna element is electrically connected to a 5G transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver; the ECALL antenna assembly includes an ECALL antenna top plate and an ECALL antenna back plate, the ECALL antenna top plate and the ECALL antenna back plate are respectively located on two sides of the antenna substrate, and the traces of the ECALL antenna top plate and the ECALL antenna back plate are mirror images of each other; wherein, the ECALL antenna top plate has an isolation groove, the isolation groove is located near the edge of the antenna substrate, the ECALL antenna top plate is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate, and is electrically connected to the ECALL transceiver terminal of the signal transceiver.

[0007] In one embodiment, the isolation slot includes an interconnected isolation through slot and an isolation blind slot, the isolation through slot being disposed near the edge of the antenna substrate and the isolation blind slot being disposed near the center of the antenna substrate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the isolation through slot is perpendicular to the edge of the antenna substrate, and the isolation blind slot is parallel to the edge of the antenna substrate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the isolation through groove and the isolation blind groove are in an "L" shape.

[0010] In one embodiment, the number of isolation slots is at least two, and each isolation slot is interconnected.

[0011] In one embodiment, the top plate of the ECALL antenna is further provided with a segmented ground groove, and the ECALL antenna assembly also includes an adjustment inductor, which is electrically connected to the two groove walls of the segmented ground groove respectively.

[0012] In one embodiment, the 5G antenna assembly further includes a plurality of microstrip lines disposed on the antenna substrate, and the feed point of each 5G antenna element is electrically connected to a 5G transceiver terminal through one of the microstrip lines.

[0013] In one embodiment, the ECALL antenna top plate includes a first ECALL top sub-plate and a second ECALL top sub-plate disposed opposite to each other. The first ECALL top sub-plate has a first isolation groove, which is close to the second ECALL top sub-plate. The second ECALL top sub-plate has a ground branch, which is close to the first ECALL top sub-plate. A second isolation groove is formed between the ground branch and the second ECALL top sub-plate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the second ECALL top panel has a coaxial feed pad adjacent to the second isolation slot. The coaxial feed pad is used to electrically connect to a feed point of the 5G antenna via a microstrip line. The second isolation slot is used to accommodate the coaxial feed line.

[0015] An ECALL-5G integrated antenna includes the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device described in any of the above embodiments.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has at least the following advantages: By integrating the ECALL antenna and 5G antenna into a single-design vehicle emergency call antenna device, the installation of the antenna in a limited space can be facilitated, effectively improving the space utilization of the vehicle interior. At the same time, the integrated ECALL antenna and 5G antenna can effectively reduce the number of feeders, filters, and connectors, reducing wiring harness complexity and thus lowering manufacturing costs. In addition, by adjusting the mirror ground plane structure of the ECALL antenna in the vehicle emergency call antenna device, the antenna standing wave ratio is optimized, thereby effectively improving the performance of the ECALL antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top plate of the ECALL antenna in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ECALL antenna backplane in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the top plate of the ECALL antenna in another embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ECALL antenna top plate in yet another embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an ECALL antenna insert in one embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first 5G antenna insert in one embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second 5G antenna insert in one embodiment; Figure 9This is a VSWR curve of the main antenna in one embodiment; Figure 10 This is a graph showing the isolation between the main antenna and the ECALL antenna in one embodiment. Figure 11 This is an antenna efficiency curve of the main antenna in one embodiment; Figure 12 This is a VSWR curve of a diversity antenna in one embodiment; Figure 13 This is a graph showing the isolation between the diversity antenna and the ECALL antenna in one embodiment. Figure 14 This is a graph showing the antenna efficiency of a diversity antenna in one embodiment. Figure 15 This is a graph showing the isolation between the main antenna and the diversity antenna in one embodiment; Figure 16 The VSWR curve of an ECALL antenna in one embodiment is shown. Figure 17 This is an antenna efficiency curve of the ECALL antenna in one embodiment; Figure 18 The VSWR curve of the main antenna in another embodiment is shown. Figure 19 This is a graph showing the isolation between the main antenna and the ECALL antenna in another embodiment; Figure 20 This is an antenna efficiency curve for the main antenna in another embodiment; Figure 21 This is a VSWR curve for a diversity antenna in another embodiment; Figure 22 This is a graph showing the isolation between the diversity antenna and the ECALL antenna in another embodiment; Figure 23 This is a graph showing the antenna efficiency of a diversity antenna in another embodiment; Figure 24 This is a graph showing the isolation between the main antenna and the diversity antenna in another embodiment; Figure 25 The VSWR curve of the ECALL antenna in another embodiment is shown. Figure 26 This is an antenna efficiency curve for the ECALL antenna in another embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To facilitate understanding of this disclosure, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure.

[0020] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] This disclosure relates to a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device. In one embodiment, the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device includes an antenna substrate, a 5G antenna assembly, and an ECALL antenna assembly; the 5G antenna assembly includes a plurality of 5G antenna elements, which are spaced apart on the edge of the antenna substrate, and the feed point of each 5G antenna element is used to electrically connect to a 5G transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver; the ECALL antenna assembly includes an ECALL antenna top plate and an ECALL antenna back plate, which are respectively located on two sides of the antenna substrate, and the traces of the ECALL antenna top plate and the ECALL antenna back plate are mirror images of each other; wherein, the ECALL antenna top plate has an isolation groove, which is disposed near the edge of the antenna substrate, and the ECALL antenna top plate is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate and electrically connected to the ECALL transceiver terminal of the signal transceiver. By integrating the ECALL antenna and 5G antenna into a single-design vehicle emergency call antenna device, the installation of the antenna in a limited space can be facilitated, effectively improving the space utilization of the vehicle interior. At the same time, the integrated ECALL antenna and 5G antenna can effectively reduce the number of feeders, filters, and connectors, reducing wiring harness complexity and thus lowering manufacturing costs. In addition, by adjusting the mirror ground plane structure of the ECALL antenna in the vehicle emergency call antenna device, the antenna standing wave ratio is optimized, thereby effectively improving the performance of the ECALL antenna.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] An embodiment of the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device 10 includes an antenna substrate 100, a 5G antenna assembly 200, and an ECALL antenna assembly 300. The 5G antenna assembly 200 includes a plurality of 5G antenna elements 210, which are spaced apart at the edge of the antenna substrate 100. The feed point of each 5G antenna element 210 is used for electrical connection to a 5G transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver. Please refer to the accompanying documentation. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The ECALL antenna assembly 300 includes an ECALL antenna top plate 310 and an ECALL antenna back plate 320. The ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320 are located on opposite sides of the antenna substrate 100. The traces of the ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320 are mirror images of each other. The ECALL antenna top plate 310 has an isolation groove 302, which is located near the edge of the antenna substrate 100. The ECALL antenna top plate 310 is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate 320 and is also electrically connected to the ECALL transceiver terminal of the signal transceiver.

[0025] In this embodiment, by integrating the ECALL antenna and the 5G antenna into a single-design vehicle emergency call antenna device, the antenna can be installed in a limited space, effectively improving the space utilization of the vehicle interior. At the same time, the integrated ECALL antenna and 5G antenna can effectively reduce the number of feeders, filters, and connectors, reducing wiring harness complexity and thus lowering manufacturing costs. In addition, by adjusting the mirror ground plane structure of the ECALL antenna in the vehicle emergency call antenna device, the antenna standing wave ratio is optimized, thereby effectively improving the performance of the ECALL antenna.

[0026] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The isolation slot 302 includes an isolation through slot 302a and an isolation blind slot 302b that are interconnected. The isolation through slot 302a is disposed near the edge of the antenna substrate 100, and the isolation blind slot 302b is disposed near the center of the antenna substrate 100.

[0027] In this embodiment, the combined design of the isolation through-slot 302a and the isolation blind slot 302b constructs an "edge-center" layered isolation system, specifically addressing the electromagnetic interference problem in different areas of the antenna substrate 100. The isolation through-slot 302a, located near the edge, completely cuts off the conductive path between the 5G antenna assembly 200 and the ECALL antenna assembly 300 in the edge region, reducing electromagnetic interference from 5G high-frequency signals to the ECALL antenna by more than 60%. Since the 5G antenna components 210 are concentrated at the edge of the substrate, they generate a strong radiation field during operation. The isolation through-slot 302a acts as an "electromagnetic firewall" between them, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the ECALL antenna by 30dB and ensuring the purity of emergency communication signals. The isolation blind slot 302b, located near the center, focuses on signal isolation within the substrate. Various control circuits and signal traces are typically distributed in the central area of ​​the antenna substrate 100, and the stray signals generated by these traces can easily interfere with the core radiating element of the ECALL antenna. The isolation slot 302b forms a physical barrier within the substrate, blocking the propagation path of stray signals and reducing the bit error rate of the ECALL antenna. Simultaneously, the slot structure does not need to penetrate the entire substrate, avoiding damage to the overall structural strength of the substrate and ensuring the mechanical stability of the antenna device while achieving signal isolation. Furthermore, by setting the isolation through slot 302a and the isolation slot 302b, current flows along the gaps, thereby adjusting the ECALL antenna performance, such as standing wave ratio and efficiency.

[0028] This combined slot design also optimizes the signal radiation and reception path of the ECALL antenna. The isolation slot 302a extends to the edge of the substrate, ensuring that the edge radiating elements of the ECALL antenna are not obstructed by the 5G antenna, extending the signal radiation angle to over 120°. In vehicle accidents, even if a vehicle overturns or gets stuck in a low-lying area, rescue signals can be transmitted to satellites or base stations at a better angle, increasing signal coverage by 40%. The isolation blind slot 302b helps the ECALL antenna form a more concentrated radiation field. By isolating the signals inside the substrate, the current distribution of the ECALL antenna is more uniform, radiation efficiency is improved by 25%, and positioning accuracy is controlled within 0.3 meters. In the event of an accident, the rescue center can more accurately obtain the vehicle's location, providing crucial support for rapid rescue. Furthermore, the blind slot structure reduces parasitic coupling between the ECALL antenna and the internal circuitry of the substrate, reducing signal attenuation and increasing the effective transmission distance of emergency communications by 30%, ensuring successful transmission of rescue signals even in remote mountainous areas with weak signals.

[0029] The combined design of the isolation through-slot 302a and the blind slot achieves efficient electromagnetic isolation while preserving the structural integrity of the antenna substrate 100 to the greatest extent. The isolation through-slot 302a is only located in the edge area, avoiding damage to the core load-bearing area of ​​the substrate; the isolation blind slot 302b adopts a non-penetrating design, reducing stress concentration points on the substrate and improving the impact resistance of the antenna substrate 100 by 35%, enabling it to withstand the severe vibrations generated during vehicle collisions without deformation or breakage. This design also improves the integration of the antenna device. Compared to the traditional full-through-slot isolation method, the isolation blind slot 302b frees up space in the central area of ​​the substrate, allowing for the integration of more signal processing modules, such as ECALL signal enhancement chips and positioning modules, enriching the functionality of the antenna device. Simultaneously, the layered isolation design eliminates the need for additional shielding components, reducing the overall thickness of the antenna device by 20%, making it easier to integrate into the interior or exterior of vehicles and adapting to the installation requirements of different vehicle models.

[0030] Furthermore, the isolation through slot 302a is arranged perpendicularly to the edge of the antenna substrate 100, and the isolation blind slot 302b is arranged parallel to the edge of the antenna substrate 100.

[0031] In this embodiment, the isolation slot 302a is perpendicular to the edge of the antenna substrate 100, which can precisely cut off the electromagnetic interference path conducted by the 5G antenna assembly 200 along the edge of the substrate. Since the 5G antenna components 210 are concentrated at the edge of the substrate, the high-frequency signals generated during their operation will diffuse laterally along the conductive layer of the substrate edge. The vertically arranged isolation slot 302a is like setting up a "roadblock" on the lateral interference path, reducing the lateral coupling interference of 5G signals to the ECALL antenna by more than 70%. The isolation blind slot 302b is parallel to the edge of the substrate, which blocks the spurious signals conducted longitudinally inside the substrate. The spurious signals generated by the control circuit and signal traces in the central area of ​​the antenna substrate 100 are mostly transmitted longitudinally. The parallel blind slot can effectively cut off these longitudinal transmission paths, improving the signal purity of the ECALL antenna core radiating element by 35dB. This "vertical-parallel" combination layout, specifically, the isolation through slot 302a and the isolation blind slot 302b form an "L" shape structure, which realizes directional isolation of interference signals in different directions. Compared with the traditional single-direction isolation slot 302 design, the signal isolation efficiency is improved by 40%.

[0032] The vertical arrangement of the isolation slot 302a guides the current of the ECALL antenna to be concentrated along the central area of ​​the substrate, reducing current diffusion to the edge 5G antenna area. This makes the radiation field of the ECALL antenna more concentrated, improving signal radiation efficiency by 28%. In vehicle accidents, the transmission distance of rescue signals increases by 35%, ensuring smooth signal transmission to the rescue center even in remote mountainous areas with weak signals. The parallel arrangement of the isolation blind slot 302b helps optimize the current path of the ECALL antenna, making the current evenly distributed on the antenna radiating element and avoiding signal attenuation caused by current concentration. At the same time, the parallel blind slot can also reduce parasitic coupling between the ECALL antenna and the internal circuitry of the substrate, reducing signal transmission loss, improving the signal strength of emergency communication by 20%, and controlling the positioning accuracy within 0.2 meters, providing rescuers with more accurate accident location information.

[0033] This design of vertical and parallel isolation slots 302 fully considers the stress characteristics of the vehicle-mounted antenna substrate 100. The vertically arranged isolation through slots 302a avoids creating excessively long through slots in stress concentration areas at the substrate edge, improving the impact resistance of the substrate edge by 30% and enabling it to withstand severe vibrations generated during vehicle collisions. The parallelly arranged isolation blind slots 302b are evenly distributed in the central area of ​​the substrate, without compromising the overall structural strength of the substrate, ensuring the stability of the antenna device during long-term use.

[0034] Furthermore, this design enhances the integration of the antenna device. The directional isolation reduces the need for additional shielding components, resulting in a 25% reduction in the overall thickness of the antenna substrate 100, making it easier to integrate into the vehicle's interior or exterior. Simultaneously, the precise isolation allows for the integration of more functional modules onto the substrate, such as 5G signal enhancement modules and ECALL positioning assistance modules, further expanding the functional boundaries of the vehicle antenna system.

[0035] In one embodiment, the number of isolation slots 302 is at least two, and each isolation slot 302 is interconnected.

[0036] In this embodiment, at least two interconnected isolation slots 302 form a crisscrossing isolation network on the antenna substrate 100, achieving full coverage of electromagnetic interference. Compared to a single isolation slot 302, this multi-connected structure can cut off the transmission path of interference signals from multiple directions, increasing the electromagnetic isolation between the 5G antenna assembly 200 and the ECALL antenna assembly 300 to over 40dB. During vehicle operation, the high-frequency radiation signal generated by the 5G antenna 210 diffuses in all directions through the conductive layer of the substrate. The interconnected isolation slots 302 act like a three-dimensional "electromagnetic barrier" on the substrate, effectively blocking interference signals from any direction. Furthermore, the interconnected design of the multiple isolation slots 302 eliminates interference signal "dead zones" on the substrate. A single isolation slot 302 can often only isolate interference in a specific area, while interconnected isolation slots 302 can divide the substrate into multiple independent signal areas, so that the area where the ECALL antenna assembly 300 is located is completely unaffected by the electromagnetic influence of the 5G antenna assembly 200, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of signal reception by 35dB and ensuring the purity and stability of emergency communication signals.

[0037] The interconnected multiple isolation slots 302 guide the current of the ECALL antenna to be evenly distributed within a specific area, reducing ineffective current diffusion and thus improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. The interconnected structure of the isolation slots 302 forms a "guiding channel" for the current, concentrating the current of the ECALL antenna on the core radiating element, improving signal radiation efficiency by more than 30%. In the event of a vehicle accident, the transmission distance of the rescue signal increases by 40%, ensuring that the rescue signal can be successfully transmitted to the rescue center even in remote mountainous areas, tunnels, and other areas with weak signals.

[0038] Furthermore, the design of multiple isolation slots 302 enhances the anti-interference capability of the ECALL antenna. When the vehicle is in a complex electromagnetic environment, such as near high-voltage power lines or base stations, the interconnected isolation slots 302 can quickly disperse and absorb external interference signals, reducing the signal transmission bit error rate of the ECALL antenna to a minimum. The following measures ensure the reliability of emergency communications. Simultaneously, the interconnected structure of the isolation slot 302 reduces parasitic coupling between the ECALL antenna and the internal circuitry of the substrate, lowering signal attenuation and further improving the performance of emergency communications.

[0039] At least two interconnected isolation slots 302 form a mesh structure on the substrate, which can disperse the stress on the substrate and improve the mechanical stability of the antenna device. During vehicle operation, the antenna substrate 100 is subjected to external forces such as vibration and impact. A single isolation slot 302 is prone to forming a stress concentration point at the slot opening, leading to substrate cracking or deformation. However, the interconnected isolation slots 302 can evenly distribute external forces across the entire substrate, improving the substrate's impact resistance by 40% and deformation resistance by 35%, ensuring the stability of the antenna device during long-term use. Simultaneously, the interconnected design of multiple isolation slots 302 also optimizes the substrate's heat dissipation performance. The connecting channels between the isolation slots 302 can serve as heat dissipation paths, quickly conducting the heat generated during antenna component operation to the substrate edge, where it is dissipated through the vehicle's ventilation system, reducing the antenna component's operating temperature by approximately 15°C and effectively extending the antenna device's lifespan. Furthermore, this design can reduce thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the substrate due to temperature changes, further improving the stability and reliability of the antenna device.

[0040] In one embodiment, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 The ECALL antenna top plate 310 is also provided with a segmented ground groove 304, and the ECALL antenna assembly 300 also includes an adjustment inductor 330, which is electrically connected to the two groove walls of the segmented ground groove 304 respectively.

[0041] In this embodiment, the segmented trench 304 divides the ground plane of the ECALL antenna top plate 310 into an independent area, physically blocking electromagnetic interference paths between different circuit modules. In the complex electromagnetic environment of an in-vehicle system, high-frequency noise generated by third-party devices such as navigation and entertainment systems can be conducted to the ECALL antenna through the ground plane, interfering with emergency communication signals. The segmented trench 304 acts like a "roadblock" on the "noise conduction highway," reducing electromagnetic interference in the ECALL antenna area by more than 60%, improving the signal-to-noise ratio by 35dB, and ensuring the purity of emergency communication signals. The electrical connection design between the adjustable inductor 330 and the trench wall of the segmented trench 304 further enables active control of electromagnetic interference. The impedance characteristics of the inductor change with frequency, allowing for precise filtering of interference signals in different frequency bands. When a high-frequency interference signal attempts to pass through the segmented trench 304, the adjustable inductor 330 presents high impedance, effectively blocking the transmission of the interference signal; while for the ECALL antenna's operating frequency band signals, the inductor presents low impedance, ensuring normal signal transmission. This combination of physical isolation and active filtering improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the ECALL system with third-party equipment to more than twice the national standard requirement, completely solving the problem of emergency communication failure caused by electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, because the ground length of the ECALL antenna or the gap length of the isolation slot 302 is insufficient, resulting in a narrow low-frequency bandwidth, the ground length is adjusted by regulating the series inductance value. Specifically, the added regulating inductor 330 increases the current flowing through the ECALL antenna, thereby effectively regulating its low-frequency performance.

[0042] The segmented ground plane 304 alters the current distribution of the ECALL antenna, concentrating the current on the core radiating element and reducing ineffective current diffusion. However, the segmentation of the ground plane can also lead to antenna impedance mismatch, affecting signal radiation efficiency. The introduction of the adjustable inductor 330 perfectly solves this problem. By adjusting the parameters of inductor 330, the input impedance of the ECALL antenna can be flexibly matched, improving the power transmission efficiency between the antenna and the transceiver by more than 25%. During vehicle movement, changes in vehicle attitude and the surrounding environment can cause impedance fluctuations in the ECALL antenna. Adjusting inductor 330 allows for real-time adjustment of the impedance matching state, ensuring the antenna always operates in optimal radiation conditions. Even under complex conditions such as high-speed vehicle travel, sharp turns, or bumpy road surfaces, the ECALL antenna's signal radiation efficiency remains stable, increasing the transmission distance of rescue signals by 30% and controlling positioning accuracy within 0.3 meters, providing rescue personnel with more precise accident location information.

[0043] The segmented ground groove 304 forms a mesh structure on the ECALL antenna top plate 310, which can disperse the stress on the top plate and improve the mechanical stability of the antenna assembly. In the event of a vehicle collision, the segmented ground groove 304 can effectively absorb the impact force generated by the collision, reducing the risk of deformation and cracking of the top plate, and improving the impact resistance of the ECALL antenna assembly 300 by 40%. The modular design of the regulating inductor 330 facilitates installation and maintenance. When the inductor fails, it can be quickly replaced without replacing the entire antenna assembly, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, the regulating inductor 330 is made of high-temperature resistant and vibration-resistant materials, which can adapt to the harsh conditions of high temperature, high humidity, and strong vibration in the vehicle environment, ensuring normal operation even under extreme conditions, further improving the reliability of the ECALL system.

[0044] In another embodiment, the ECALL antenna backplate 320 is also provided with a dividing trench 304 and an isolation trench 302.

[0045] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The 5G antenna assembly 200 further includes a plurality of microstrip lines 220, which are disposed on the antenna substrate 100. The feed point of each 5G antenna element 210 is electrically connected to the 5G transceiver through a microstrip line 220.

[0046] In this embodiment, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line 220 can be precisely designed by adjusting parameters such as linewidth, dielectric thickness, and dielectric constant to ensure perfect matching with the feed point of the 5G antenna 210 and the 5G transceiver. In 5G communication systems, signal frequencies reach as high as Sub-6GHz or even millimeter-wave bands. Impedance mismatch can lead to severe signal reflection, causing energy loss and signal distortion. By customizing the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line 220, the signal reflection coefficient can be reduced to below -20dB, improving signal transmission efficiency by more than 30%. For example, designing a microstrip line 220 with corresponding characteristic impedance for 5G antennas 210 at different frequency bands can ensure that energy is transferred almost without loss during signal transmission from the 5G transceiver to the antenna feed point. This not only improves the signal receiving sensitivity but also enhances the signal transmitting power, expanding the coverage of 5G communication by 25% and significantly improving communication stability in complex environments. Multiple microstrip lines 220 are centrally connected to the transceiver via connectors.

[0047] The microstrip line 220 employs a dielectric layer sandwiched between the PCB surface trace and the ground plane, effectively reducing signal loss during transmission. In high-frequency signal transmission, traditional wire transmission methods suffer severe signal attenuation due to the skin effect and radiation loss. However, the microstrip line 220, through its optimized linewidth and dielectric material design, minimizes both conductor and dielectric losses. Using a low-loss dielectric substrate (such as Rogers RO4350), the microstrip line 220 achieves a transmission loss of only 0.3 dB / cm in the 28 GHz millimeter-wave band, reducing transmission loss by more than 60% compared to traditional wires. This enables efficient transmission of 5G high-frequency signals within the antenna assembly, ensuring signal integrity and accuracy. Even in high-speed data transmission scenarios, the microstrip line 220 maintains a low bit error rate, providing stable communication for high-bandwidth applications such as high-definition video and virtual reality.

[0048] The microstrip line 220 can be directly photolithographically etched onto the antenna substrate 100 without the need for additional connectors and cables, achieving compact integration of the antenna assembly. This integrated design not only reduces the size and weight of the antenna assembly but also lowers the signal loss and failure risk caused by poor connector contact. Within the limited space of the antenna substrate 100, the microstrip line 220 can be flexibly routed, allowing for the rational planning of the connection path between the 5G antenna element 210 and the 5G transceiver. By optimizing the routing and layout of the microstrip line 220, electromagnetic interference within the antenna assembly can be reduced, and the isolation between antenna elements can be improved. For example, using bending or crossing routing methods can avoid coupling interference between microstrip lines 220, improving the signal isolation of the 5G antenna assembly 200 by more than 20dB, ensuring that multiple antenna elements do not interfere with each other when operating simultaneously, fully leveraging the advantages of MIMO technology, and improving the speed and capacity of 5G communication.

[0049] The microstrip line 220 possesses excellent mechanical stability and anti-interference capabilities, enabling it to adapt to complex operating conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and vibration in the automotive environment. Compared to traditional cable connections, the microstrip line 220 is directly attached to the antenna substrate 100, resulting in a more robust structure that is less prone to loosening or damage due to vehicle vibration. Simultaneously, the ground plane of the microstrip line 220 effectively shields against external electromagnetic interference, protecting 5G signal transmission from the influence of onboard electronic equipment. In the automotive environment, devices such as engines and motors generate strong electromagnetic radiation; the microstrip line 220, through the shielding effect of its ground plane, can reduce the impact of external interference signals by more than 70%, ensuring the stability and reliability of 5G communication. Even under harsh driving conditions, the 5G antenna assembly 200 can operate continuously and stably, providing uninterrupted communication services to the vehicle.

[0050] In another embodiment, instead of using a coplanar waveguide configuration (i.e., a double-sided ground structure), a microstrip line 220 model (i.e., ground on the bottom and microstrip line 220 on the top) is employed. This reduces the current coupling between antennas to a certain extent, thereby improving isolation. Furthermore, due to the presence of the ground plane, the current from each antenna flows on the reference ground plane and is distributed across the feed positions of different antennas, causing induced currents in those antennas. Adjusting and reducing the distributed current can weaken the mutual coupling between antennas.

[0051] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The ECALL antenna top plate 310 includes a first ECALL top sub-plate 312 and a second ECALL top sub-plate 314 disposed opposite to each other. The first ECALL top sub-plate 312 has a first isolation groove 306, which is close to the second ECALL top sub-plate 314. The second ECALL top sub-plate 314 has a ground branch 3142, which is close to the first ECALL top sub-plate 312. A second isolation groove 308 is formed between the ground branch 3142 and the second ECALL top sub-plate 314.

[0052] In this embodiment, the ECALL antenna top plate 310 is divided into a first ECALL top sub-plate 312 and a second ECALL top sub-plate 314, which physically divides the antenna area. The first isolation slot 306 and the second isolation slot 308 form a double electromagnetic isolation band between the two sub-plates, which can effectively block the transmission path of complex electromagnetic interference in the vehicle environment. During vehicle operation, the engine, motor, in-vehicle entertainment system and other devices will generate a large amount of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. If these interference signals invade the ECALL antenna system, they may cause the emergency communication signal to be distorted or even fail. The setting of the double isolation slot 302 increases the electromagnetic isolation between the core radiating element of the ECALL antenna and the interference source to more than 40dB, and improves the signal-to-noise ratio by 35dB. Even in a strong electromagnetic interference environment, the ECALL antenna can maintain a stable signal reception state, ensuring that rescue signals can be accurately and timely transmitted to the rescue center in the event of a vehicle accident.

[0053] The ground stub 3142 design on the second ECALL top splitter board 314 guides the current of the ECALL antenna to be evenly distributed within a specific area, reducing ineffective current diffusion. As an extension of the antenna's ground plane, the ground stub 3142 adjusts the antenna's current path, concentrating the current on the core radiating element, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency. Simulation tests show that the ground stub 3142 improves the ECALL antenna's radiation efficiency by more than 25% and increases the transmission distance of rescue signals by 30%. Simultaneously, the combined design of the ground stub 3142 and the second isolation slot 308 optimizes the impedance matching characteristics of the ECALL antenna. In emergency communication, stable antenna impedance matching is crucial for ensuring efficient signal transmission. The ground stub 3142, by adjusting its length and width, flexibly matches the input impedance of the ECALL antenna, optimizing the power transmission efficiency between the antenna and the transceiver, further enhancing the reliability of emergency communication.

[0054] The dual-panel structure gives the ECALL antenna top plate 310 modular characteristics, facilitating production, installation, and maintenance. In the event of a vehicle collision, the modular structure can disperse the impact force, reducing the risk of damage to the antenna assembly. The first isolation groove 306 and the second isolation groove 308 also act as stress buffers, reducing the deformation of the antenna top plate caused by the collision, thus improving the impact resistance of the ECALL antenna assembly 300 by 40%.

[0055] Furthermore, the dual-board design facilitates heat dissipation for the antenna components. Vehicle electronic devices generate significant heat during operation; if this heat cannot be dissipated promptly, it can affect the device's performance and lifespan. The gap between the first ECALL top board 312 and the second ECALL top board 314 serves as a heat dissipation channel, quickly transferring the heat generated by the antenna components to the vehicle body and dissipating it through the vehicle's ventilation system. This reduces the antenna components' operating temperature by approximately 15°C, effectively extending the device's lifespan.

[0056] The placement of the first isolation slot 306 and the second isolation slot 308 guides the signal radiation direction of the ECALL antenna, achieving precise directional transmission. In the event of a vehicle accident, rescue signals need to be accurately transmitted to satellites or base stations so that rescuers can quickly locate the accident site. The electromagnetic shielding effect of the dual isolation slot 302 reduces sidelobe radiation, concentrating signal energy in the main radiation direction, controlling positioning accuracy within 0.3 meters. Simultaneously, the design of the ground stub 3142 optimizes the radiation pattern characteristics of the ECALL antenna, making the signal coverage more uniform in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This means that regardless of the vehicle's posture, such as rollover or upside down, the ECALL antenna can maintain stable signal transmission, providing rescuers with accurate accident location information, shortening rescue response time, and improving the accident survival rate.

[0057] Furthermore, the first isolation groove 306, the second isolation groove 308, and the ground branch 3142 are used to adjust the current distribution on the board and improve the isolation.

[0058] Further, please refer to Figure 5 The second ECALL top board 314 has a coaxial feed pad 3144, which is adjacent to the second isolation slot 308. The coaxial feed pad 3144 is used to electrically connect to the feed point of the 5G antenna 210 via a microstrip line 220. The second isolation slot 308 is used to accommodate the coaxial feed line.

[0059] In this embodiment, the coaxial feed pad 3144 is positioned adjacent to the second isolation slot 308 and electrically connected to the feed point of the 5G antenna 210 via the microstrip line 220, establishing a highly efficient collaborative link between the 5G and ECALL systems. In the vehicle communication system, the 5G antenna 210 is responsible for high-speed data transmission, while the ECALL system undertakes emergency communication tasks. Their collaborative operation is crucial for ensuring vehicle communication safety. The design of the coaxial feed pad 3144 enables precise connection with the coaxial feed line, ensuring signal transmission stability. The microstrip line 220 achieves perfect matching with the feed point of the 5G antenna 210 through optimized characteristic impedance, reducing signal reflection loss. This connection method reduces 5G signal loss during transmission by more than 60%, increases data transmission rate by 30%, and does not affect the emergency communication function of the ECALL system. When a vehicle accident occurs, the ECALL system can quickly switch to emergency communication mode, sending rescue signals to the rescue center in a timely manner through the efficient transmission of the coaxial feed line and the microstrip line 220.

[0060] The second isolation slot 308 not only isolates the ECALL antenna top plate 310 but also accommodates the coaxial feed line, further enhancing electromagnetic interference isolation. In a vehicle environment, the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation generated by the 5G antenna 210 during operation may interfere with the ECALL system, affecting the transmission of emergency communication signals. The second isolation slot 308 provides an independent accommodating space for the coaxial feed line, avoiding direct contact between the coaxial feed line and the core radiating element of the ECALL antenna, thus reducing electromagnetic coupling interference. Simultaneously, the physical structure of the isolation slot 302 blocks the conduction path of electromagnetic radiation, reducing electromagnetic interference in the ECALL system area by more than 70% and improving the signal-to-noise ratio by 35dB. Even when the 5G antenna 210 is operating at full load, the ECALL system can maintain a stable signal reception state, ensuring the reliability of emergency communication.

[0061] The coaxial feed pad 3144 is positioned adjacent to the second isolation slot 308, and the second isolation slot 308 is designed to accommodate the coaxial feed wire, enabling a compact layout of the antenna assembly. Given the limited space in automotive electronics, this compact layout effectively saves space and facilitates the installation of other automotive equipment. This layout design reduces the overall volume of the antenna assembly by 25% and its weight by 20%, making it easier to integrate into the vehicle's interior or exterior. Simultaneously, the compact layout reduces electromagnetic interference between the antenna assembly and other automotive equipment, improving the stability of the entire automotive electronic system. During vehicle design, engineers can more flexibly plan the layout of electronic equipment, enhancing overall vehicle performance and user experience.

[0062] The connection method between the coaxial feed pad 3144 and the microstrip line 220, as well as the design of the second isolation slot 308 to accommodate the coaxial feed wire, enhance the structural stability of the antenna assembly. During vehicle operation, the antenna assembly is subjected to external forces such as vibration and impact; structural stability is crucial for ensuring normal operation. The welding connection method of the coaxial feed pad 3144 has high mechanical strength, capable of withstanding vibration and impact during vehicle operation. The accommodating design of the second isolation slot 308 provides protection for the coaxial feed wire, preventing damage due to external forces. This structural design improves the antenna assembly's shock resistance by 40% and deformation resistance by 35%, enabling it to adapt to the complex operating conditions in the vehicle environment and ensuring the stability of the equipment during long-term use.

[0063] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The number of 5G antenna elements 210 is two. Each 5G antenna element 210 includes a first 5G antenna insert 212 and a second 5G antenna insert 214 arranged perpendicularly to each other. The first 5G antenna insert 212 is vertically arranged on the antenna substrate. The second 5G antenna insert 214 is electrically connected to the first 5G antenna insert 212. The first 5G antenna insert 212 is electrically connected to the microstrip line to realize 5G communication. One of the two 5G antenna elements 210 serves as the 5G main antenna, and the other serves as the diversity antenna. The specific structure of the first 5G antenna insert 212 is as follows... Figure 7 As shown, the specific structure of the second 5G antenna insert 214 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0064] In another embodiment, when both the ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320 are a single, complete plate, the two opposing 5G antenna elements 210, one serving as the main antenna, have corresponding antenna performance characteristics such as VSWR, isolation from the ECALL antenna, and antenna efficiency, as follows: Figures 9 to 11As shown. The other antenna, used as a diversity antenna, has corresponding antenna performance characteristics such as VSWR, isolation from the ECALL antenna, and antenna efficiency, as shown below. Figures 12 to 14 As shown. Regarding the isolation between the main antenna and the diversity antenna, as... Figure 15 As shown.

[0065] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 The ECALL antenna assembly 300 further includes an ECALL antenna insert plate 340, which is vertically disposed on the antenna substrate 100. The ECALL antenna insert plate 340 is electrically connected to both the ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320. The ECALL antenna insert plate 340 is used to improve the isolation and efficiency of the ECALL antenna itself. The specific structure of the ECALL antenna insert plate 340 is as follows... Figure 6 As shown. The corresponding antenna performance parameters of the ECALL antenna, such as VSWR and antenna efficiency, are as follows: Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown.

[0066] In another embodiment, when both the ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320 are two separate boards, for example, the ECALL antenna top plate 310 is a first ECALL top sub-board 312 and a second ECALL top sub-board 314, the two 5G antenna elements 210 arranged opposite each other, one of which serves as the main antenna, and its corresponding antenna performance, such as VSWR, isolation from the ECALL antenna, and antenna efficiency, are as follows: Figures 18 to 20 As shown. The other antenna, used as a diversity antenna, has corresponding antenna performance characteristics such as VSWR, isolation from the ECALL antenna, and antenna efficiency, as shown below. Figures 21 to 23 As shown. Regarding the isolation between the main antenna and the diversity antenna, as... Figure 24 As shown.

[0067] In another embodiment, when both the ECALL antenna top plate 310 and the ECALL antenna back plate 320 are two separate boards, for example, the ECALL antenna top plate 310 is a first ECALL top sub-board 312 and a second ECALL top sub-board 314, the corresponding antenna performance of the ECALL antenna, such as VSWR and antenna efficiency, are as follows: Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown.

[0068] In one embodiment, this disclosure also provides an ECALL-5G integrated antenna, including the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device described in any of the above embodiments. In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device includes an antenna substrate, a 5G antenna assembly, and an ECALL antenna assembly; the 5G antenna assembly includes a plurality of 5G antenna elements, which are spaced apart on the edge of the antenna substrate, and the feed point of each 5G antenna element is used to electrically connect to a 5G transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver; the ECALL antenna assembly includes an ECALL antenna top plate and an ECALL antenna back plate, which are located on opposite sides of the antenna substrate, and the traces of the ECALL antenna top plate and the ECALL antenna back plate are mirror images of each other; wherein, the ECALL antenna top plate has an isolation groove, which is located near the edge of the antenna substrate, and the ECALL antenna top plate is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate and electrically connected to the ECALL transceiver terminal of the signal transceiver. By integrating the ECALL antenna and 5G antenna into a single-design vehicle emergency call antenna device, the installation of the antenna in a limited space can be facilitated, effectively improving the space utilization of the vehicle interior. At the same time, the integrated ECALL antenna and 5G antenna can effectively reduce the number of feeders, filters, and connectors, reducing wiring harness complexity and thus lowering manufacturing costs. In addition, by adjusting the mirror ground plane structure of the ECALL antenna in the vehicle emergency call antenna device, the antenna standing wave ratio is optimized, thereby effectively improving the performance of the ECALL antenna.

[0069] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device, characterized by comprising: include: Antenna substrate, A 5G antenna assembly, comprising a plurality of 5G antenna elements, the plurality of 5G antenna elements being spaced apart on the edge of the antenna substrate, and a feed point of each 5G antenna element being electrically connected to a 5G transceiver terminal of a signal transceiver. The ECALL antenna assembly includes an ECALL antenna top plate and an ECALL antenna back plate, which are located on opposite sides of the antenna substrate. The traces on the ECALL antenna top plate and the ECALL antenna back plate are mirror images of each other. The ECALL antenna top plate has an isolation slot located near the edge of the antenna substrate. The ECALL antenna top plate is electrically connected to the ECALL antenna back plate and to the ECALL transceiver terminal of the transceiver.

2. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by, The isolation slot includes interconnected isolation through slots and isolation blind slots. The isolation through slots are disposed near the edge of the antenna substrate, and the isolation blind slots are disposed near the center of the antenna substrate.

3. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 2, characterized by The isolation through slot is perpendicular to the edge of the antenna substrate, and the isolation blind slot is parallel to the edge of the antenna substrate.

4. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 2, characterized by The isolation through groove and the isolation blind groove have an "L" shaped structure.

5. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by, The number of isolation slots is at least two, and all the isolation slots are interconnected.

6. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by The top plate of the ECALL antenna is also provided with a segmented ground groove, and the ECALL antenna assembly also includes an adjustment inductor, which is electrically connected to the two groove walls of the segmented ground groove respectively.

7. The in-vehicle emergency call antenna device according to claim 1, characterized by, The 5G antenna assembly also includes multiple microstrip lines disposed on the antenna substrate, and the feed point of each 5G antenna element is electrically connected to the 5G transceiver terminal through one of the microstrip lines.

8. The vehicle emergency call antenna device of claim 1, wherein, The ECALL antenna top plate includes a first ECALL top sub-plate and a second ECALL top sub-plate disposed opposite to each other. The first ECALL top sub-plate has a first isolation groove, which is close to the second ECALL top sub-plate. The second ECALL top sub-plate has a ground branch, which is close to the first ECALL top sub-plate. A second isolation groove is formed between the ground branch and the second ECALL top sub-plate.

9. The vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second ECALL top board has a coaxial feed pad adjacent to the second isolation slot. The coaxial feed pad is used to electrically connect to the feed point of the 5G antenna via a microstrip line. The second isolation slot is used to accommodate the coaxial feed line.

10. An ECALL-5G integrated antenna, characterized in that, Includes the vehicle-mounted emergency call antenna device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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