A pre-cooling heat dissipation device and a pre-packaged substation

Abstract

The application discloses a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and a prepackaged transformer substation, and belongs to the technical field of prepackaged transformer substations. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device comprises a box shell, a water curtain plate is arranged at an air inlet of the box shell, a plurality of layers of refrigeration plates are arranged in the box shell, a cross-flow fan and a guide vane are arranged at an air outlet at the top of the box shell. The prepackaged transformer substation comprises a transformer substation main body, a transformer room is arranged in the middle of the transformer substation main body, and the pre-cooling heat dissipation device is arranged on the lower layer of the transformer room. During operation, external air is preliminarily cooled through the water curtain plate, then is secondarily cooled through the refrigeration plates, and finally is discharged through the strip-shaped air guide groove driven by the cross-flow fan. Through the layered design and the multi-stage cooling mechanism, the problem that the high temperature environment causes the low heat dissipation efficiency due to the high temperature of the air inlet is effectively solved. The specific structure of the strip-shaped air guide groove can guide the condensate water generated at the cold-heat intersection to flow back, and in combination with the condensate water collecting and circulating structure, the heat dissipation efficiency and the operation reliability in the high temperature environment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of prefabricated substations, specifically relating to a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and a prefabricated substation. Background Technology

[0002] Prefabricated substations, as core equipment for power conversion and distribution in power systems, are widely used in residential communities, industrial parks, and municipal infrastructure. They integrate high-voltage switchgear, transformers, and low-voltage distribution equipment, with the transformer room being the primary heat source. Currently, most prefabricated substation transformer rooms employ either a "bottom-in, top-out" natural ventilation or a simple forced-air cooling system. This involves installing air inlets at the bottom and exhaust fans at the top, attempting to remove the heat generated by the transformer during operation through air convection to maintain the equipment's normal operating temperature.

[0003] However, this traditional heat dissipation solution has serious limitations in practical applications, especially in high-temperature seasons or hot regions. When the ambient temperature is too high, the temperature of the air drawn in from the bottom is already close to the operating limit of the equipment, resulting in a very small temperature difference between the cold air and the transformer heat source. This leads to insufficient driving force for heat exchange. Even increasing the fan power only increases the flow rate of the hot air, failing to effectively control the transformer temperature rise and directly threatening insulation performance and operational safety. Furthermore, some improved solutions using pre-cooling methods are prone to condensation due to the temperature gradient between the hot and cold air at the air inlet or duct interface. Without an effective flow guidance and recovery mechanism, the accumulated condensate dripping can corrode the components at the bottom of the equipment and even cause electrical short circuit hazards. Therefore, it is urgent to improve existing technologies to solve the problems of low heat dissipation efficiency in prefabricated substations under high-temperature environments and improper handling of condensate from air pre-cooling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and its pre-installed substation to solve the problems of insufficient heat dissipation efficiency and difficulty in effectively treating condensate in high-temperature environments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a pre-cooling heat dissipation device, including a housing shell, an air inlet on the front side of the housing shell, an air outlet on the top, and a pre-cooling chamber formed inside the housing shell, wherein the air inlet, the pre-cooling chamber and the air outlet are sequentially connected to form a cooling air duct. A water curtain plate is installed at the air inlet, a cross-flow fan that blows air upwards is installed at the air outlet, and a multi-layered refrigeration plate is installed in the pre-cooling chamber. The top of the housing is provided with an air guide plate, and multiple parallel strip-shaped air guide slots are opened on the air guide plate. The air outlet of the crossflow fan is aligned with the bottom inlet of the strip-shaped air guide slots.

[0006] Furthermore, the longitudinal cross-section of the strip-shaped air guide channel has a scaling structure that narrows in the middle and expands at both ends; The narrowing section in the middle of the strip-shaped air guide channel is used to accelerate the airflow discharge; the enlarged opening at the upper end of the strip-shaped air guide channel forms a condensate guide section, which is used to receive the condensate generated by the contact between cold air and the external hot environment, and guides the condensate back to the pre-cooling chamber through the inclined inner wall of the enlarged opening.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom edge of the air guide plate is provided with a protruding ridge, and the mounting position on the top of the housing shell is provided with a positioning groove that cooperates with the protruding ridge. The air guide plate is fixed to the top of the housing shell by the engagement of the protruding ridge and the positioning groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the cooling plate includes a plate frame, a phase change energy storage material filled in the plate frame, and a semiconductor cooling chip attached to the plate frame; the semiconductor cooling chip is configured to start after the phase change energy storage material completes phase change heat absorption saturation, or to replenish and restore the saturated phase change energy storage material.

[0009] Preferably, the precooling chamber is provided with a refrigeration plate support frame, and the two side walls of the refrigeration plate support frame are provided with inclined limiting slots. The two ends of the refrigeration plate are inserted into the inclined limiting slots, so that the refrigeration plate is inclined relative to the horizontal plane to guide the generated condensate to slide down.

[0010] More specifically, a drain plate is provided below the refrigeration plate support frame, and a condensate collection tank is provided below the drain plate. The bottom surface of the condensate collection tank is a converging slope that slopes from the interior of the precooling chamber toward the air inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, the water curtain plate is made of water-absorbing material, and a positioning groove is provided at one end of the water curtain plate near the air inlet. The water curtain plate passes through the positioning groove and its bottom end extends into the condensate collection tank to absorb the condensate collected in the condensate collection tank to keep it moist.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the cooling plate is provided with uniformly distributed airflow permeation holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the air outlet is formed by a plurality of parallel vertical plates arranged above the precooling chamber, the crossflow fan is embedded between the parallel vertical plates, and the inner side of the parallel vertical plates is provided with a slot for installing the crossflow fan.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides a prefabricated substation, including a substation body, wherein a transformer room is provided in the middle of the substation body; The transformer room is vertically divided into an upper transformer mounting layer and a lower air precooling layer. The transformer mounting layer contains the transformer body, and its top is provided with heat exchange ventilation holes. The air precooling layer is equipped with a precooling and heat dissipation device as described above. The air outlet of the precooling and heat dissipation device is connected to the transformer mounting layer for cooling the transformer body.

[0015] The pre-cooling and heat dissipation device and its prefabricated substation disclosed in this invention are based on the integration of the air pre-cooling process and the transformer heat dissipation process through a vertically layered structure, and a dedicated pre-cooling and heat dissipation device is designed. Compared with the prior art, this invention has significant advantages: Firstly, addressing the technical challenges of existing technologies where single heat dissipation methods such as fans, water curtains, or cooling plates have limited efficiency under extreme temperatures, and simple combinations easily lead to condensation during air precooling, which is detrimental to the safety and maintenance of substations, this invention employs a vertical layered architecture combined with a unique strip-shaped air guide channel structure. Unlike the simple stacking of conventional technologies, this invention utilizes a lower-level precooling device to connect the evaporative heat absorption of the water curtain with the contact heat exchange of the cooling plate. Through a gradually expanding and contracting strip-shaped air guide channel design, it not only utilizes the Venturi effect to accelerate airflow and enhance penetration, but more importantly, it uses the enlarged opening at the upper end as a physical barrier to actively capture and guide the condensate back at the interface where hot and cold meet. This physically blocks the path of condensate entering the upper transformer chamber with the high-speed airflow, resolving the contradiction between powerful cooling and electrical safety.

[0016] Secondly, addressing the issue that conventional water curtain or refrigeration systems often require independent water pumps and drainage pipes, leading to system complexity and high maintenance costs, this invention constructs a condensate self-circulation mechanism based on capillary action. This invention does not isolate the water curtain and refrigeration plate, but rather utilizes the inherent connection between them during operation: condensate generated by the refrigeration plate is guided and collected by gravity, directly serving as the "replenishment" water source for the water curtain plate, using the capillary force of the absorbent material to replace the electric water pump. This design transforms the burden of condensate discharge in existing technologies into a resource for maintaining system operation, achieving pump-free self-sustaining operation, significantly reducing external water replenishment requirements and maintenance costs, and demonstrating a high degree of synergy between the functional components.

[0017] Finally, through the composite cooling plate design (combining phase change materials with semiconductor cooling) and the inclined arrangement, both efficient and continuous heat absorption capacity are ensured, and condensate collection and discharge are facilitated, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency, environmental adaptability and operational reliability of the substation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an exploded structural diagram of the pre-cooling heat dissipation device and its pre-installed substation according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and its pre-installed substation according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the outer shell and the air guide plate in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pre-cooling heat dissipation device in this invention.

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of a portion of region A in the middle.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation and fit between the cooling plate support frame and the cooling plate in this invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell of the box in this invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation and fit between the water curtain plate and the drain plate in this invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram and cross-sectional view of the cooling plate in this invention.

[0028] The following are the markings in the attached diagram: 100 Substation main body, 110 Transformer room, 111 Transformer mounting layer, 112 Transformer body, 113 Heat exchange ventilation hole, 114 Air precooling layer, 200 Precooling heat dissipation device, 210 Box shell, 211 Air inlet, 212 Air outlet, 213 Precooling chamber, 220 Water curtain plate, 230 Crossflow fan, 240 Cooling plate, 241 Plate frame, 242 Phase change energy storage material, 243 Semiconductor cooling chip, 244 Airflow infiltration hole, 250 Air guide plate, 251 Strip air guide trough, 253 Protruding rib, 254 Positioning groove, 260 Cooling plate support frame, 261 Angled limiting slot, 270 Drain plate, 271 Positioning groove, 280 Condensate collection trough, 281 Converging slope, 290 Parallel vertical plate, 291 Positioning slot. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] In view of the fact that prefabricated substations in related technologies mostly use natural ventilation or simple air cooling, the heat dissipation driving force is insufficient due to the excessively high intake air temperature in high-temperature environments, and there is a lack of effective treatment mechanism for the condensate generated during the pre-cooling process, which can easily lead to equipment corrosion or short circuit failures, this application provides a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and a prefabricated substation.

[0032] like Figure 1-4As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and a prefabricated substation. The prefabricated substation includes a substation body 100, a transformer room 110 in the middle of the substation body 100, and a transformer room 110 vertically divided into an upper transformer mounting layer 111 and a lower air pre-cooling layer 114. A transformer body 112 is installed in the transformer mounting layer 111, and a heat exchange ventilation hole 113 is opened at its top. A pre-cooling heat dissipation device 200 is installed in the air pre-cooling layer 114. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device 200 includes a housing 210, an air inlet 211 on the front side of the housing 210, an air outlet 212 on the top, and a pre-cooling chamber 213 formed inside. The air inlet 211, the pre-cooling chamber 213 and the air outlet 212 are connected in sequence to form a cooling air duct. A water curtain plate 220 is installed at the air inlet 211, and a cross-flow fan 230 for upward airflow is installed at the air outlet 212. A multi-layered cooling plate 240 is installed inside the pre-cooling chamber 213. A guide plate 250 is installed on the top of the outer casing 210, and multiple parallel strip-shaped air ducts 251 are formed on the guide plate 250. The outlet of the cross-flow fan 230 is aligned with the bottom inlet of the strip-shaped air ducts 251. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device 200 is configured such that: outside air is initially cooled by the water curtain plate 220 before entering the pre-cooling chamber 213, undergoes secondary cooling by the cooling plate 240, and is then blown by the cross-flow fan 230 through the strip-shaped air ducts 251 to the transformer mounting layer 111 to cool the transformer body 112.

[0033] The substation main body 100 adopts a conventional prefabricated substation overall structural design, with the high-voltage chamber, transformer chamber 110, and low-voltage chamber arranged in a straight line in a U-shape. This invention optimizes the middle transformer chamber 110 by dividing it vertically into an upper transformer mounting layer 111 and a lower air precooling layer 114. The transformer mounting layer 111 supports the transformer body 112, and its top heat exchange ventilation holes 113 ensure the exhaust of hot air. The outer casing 210 is embedded as an independent module in the air precooling layer 114. Its material is preferably a composite structure of double-layer stainless steel plates sandwiched with polyurethane foam, which prevents condensation on the casing surface caused by internal cold air and provides good heat insulation, reducing the impact of external surface heat radiation on the precooling chamber 213. The crossflow fan 230 is selected as a cross-flow fan, and its outlet width matches the length of the strip-shaped air guide duct 251, enabling the generation of a flat and uniform high-speed airflow curtain.

[0034] This technical solution fundamentally solves the problem of heat dissipation failure caused by excessively high ambient temperatures through physical layering and multi-stage heat exchange mechanisms. Traditional substations directly extract hot air from the environment, and the air cooling efficiency drops significantly when the temperature is too high. This solution uses an air pre-cooling layer 114 as a "pre-cooling unit." The hot outside air first passes through a humid water curtain plate 220, effectively reducing the dry-bulb temperature by utilizing the principle of water evaporation and heat absorption. At this stage, although the humidity of the air increases due to water evaporation, its temperature is initially controlled. Subsequently, the pre-cooled air enters the pre-cooling chamber 213 and passes over the low-temperature cooling plate 240. In this process, the invention does not simply perform secondary cooling, but utilizes the physical principle of "cooling and dehumidification." Specifically, the surface temperature of the cooling plate 240 is configured to be lower than the dew point temperature of the air after pre-cooling by the water curtain. When the flowing humid air comes into contact with the surface of the cold plate, which is below its dew point, sensible heat exchange occurs first, and the air temperature continues to decrease. When the air temperature drops to the dew point, its capacity to hold water vapor reaches its limit. Further cooling will cause excess water vapor to undergo a phase change on the surface of the cold plate, condensing into liquid water. This phase change process not only releases a large amount of latent heat (which is absorbed by the cold plate), but more importantly, it forcibly removes most of the water originally present in the air. After this series of heat and mass exchanges, the air leaving the cooling plate 240 area not only has a significantly lower temperature, but its absolute moisture content also drops significantly, possibly even lower than the original ambient air, thus becoming a low-temperature and dry airflow. This dual-processed low-temperature and low-humidity air, driven by the crossflow fan 230, is accelerated and blown to the surface of the transformer body 112 through the top strip air guide duct 251. Due to the low supply air temperature and low humidity, even in extremely hot weather, a sufficient temperature difference between the transformer and the cooling medium can be maintained, fundamentally eliminating the electrical safety hazards caused by high-humidity air.

[0035] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the longitudinal section of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251, which is the core component of the pre-cooling heat dissipation device, is a scaling structure with a narrowing in the middle and an expansion at both ends. The narrowing in the middle of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251 is used to accelerate the discharge of pre-cooled air. The enlarged opening at the upper end of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251 is a condensate guide section, which is used to receive the condensate generated by the interaction between cold air and the external heat environment, and guide the condensate back to the pre-cooling chamber 213 through the inclined inner wall of the enlarged opening.

[0036] The structure of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251 is similar to the variable cross-section design of a Venturi tube. The width of the throat at its narrowing point can be smaller than the inlet width. Utilizing the principle of fluid continuity, the airflow is forced to accelerate at the throat, which can increase the velocity of the cold air blown out from the crossflow fan 230, enhance its penetration and delivery distance, and ensure that the cold air can effectively reach the heat-generating surface of the transformer. The enlarged opening at the upper end of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251 constitutes a condensate guide section, and its inner wall can be processed into a smooth bevel. This structural design has a dual significance: firstly, it acts as a physical barrier, specifically used to receive and guide any residual condensate that may remain after the "cooling and dehumidification" process or newly generated condensate at the outlet hot and cold interface; secondly, when the lower-temperature pre-cooled air enters the higher-temperature transformer mounting layer 111 through the air guide slot, water droplets may condense on the upper end of the slot wall due to the temperature difference. At this time, the smooth slope of the enlarged opening tilts inward (towards the center of the enclosure), which can effectively receive and guide these condensate droplets, allowing them to flow smoothly back into the pre-cooling chamber 213 below. This ensures that the condensate cannot be carried into the transformer mounting layer 111 by the high-speed airflow, thereby reducing the risk of short circuits and insulation degradation.

[0037] Specifically, according to the fluid continuity equation ( When airflow enters the narrow throat from the wider inlet, the flow cross-sectional area decreases, forcing a sharp increase in airflow velocity. This converts the static pressure of the air into dynamic pressure, forming a high-kinetic-energy jet core. This allows the cold air to overcome the thermal buoyancy resistance inside the transformer chamber, giving it stronger penetrating power and enabling it to directly reach the transformer body 100 for heat dissipation. At the enlarged opening at the upper end of the strip-shaped air guide slot 251, the airflow channel cross-section gradually expands, forming a diffuser section. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the flow velocity decreases, the static pressure of the airflow recovers. This diffuser structure ensures that the central flow velocity at the outlet of the air guide slot remains high, but the velocity decreases significantly in the boundary layer region near the slot wall. The high-speed airflow in the center continues to transfer cooling upwards, while the low-speed region near the slot wall reduces the aerodynamic drag force of the airflow on the condensate droplets attached to the wall. When the gravitational component of the droplet is greater than the drag force of the airflow, the droplet will not fly out with the wind, but will be "locked" on the inner inclined surface of the enlarged opening and slide back down. Meanwhile, the inner wall of the enlarged opening acts as a physical barrier and guide surface, capturing condensed water droplets generated by turbulent mixing. Under the influence of gravity and the guiding force of the inclined inner wall, these droplets do not splash upwards but slide down the inclined surface back into the lower pre-cooling chamber 213. As a specific implementation, fine longitudinal guiding textures can be machined on the inner wall of the condensate guide section to further utilize capillary action to accelerate the return of droplets.

[0038] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the bottom edge of the air guide plate 250 is provided with a protruding rib 253, and the mounting position on the top of the housing shell 210 is provided with a positioning groove 254 that cooperates with the protruding rib 253. The air guide plate 250 is fixed to the top of the housing shell 210 by the engagement of the protruding rib 253 and the positioning groove 254.

[0039] The positioning groove 254 is formed at the edge of the opening on the top plate of the housing 210, and the protrusion 253 is a continuous protrusion integrally injection molded or stamped on the bottom of the air guide plate 250. During installation, the protrusion 253 is aligned and pressed into the positioning groove 254 to achieve quick alignment and stable engagement between the two.

[0040] Considering that the air guide plate 250 is located in an environment with alternating hot and cold temperatures and high humidity, traditional bolt connections are prone to rust and jamming, leading to difficulties in later maintenance. Through the interference fit or snap-fit ​​between the protruding ridge 253 and the positioning groove 254, maintenance personnel only need to apply vertical pressure to complete the installation or disassembly, greatly improving the efficiency of cleaning internal dust or inspecting the fan. More importantly, this continuous interlocking structure helps to form a good seal, effectively preventing cold air leakage from the gaps in the plate and ensuring that all cooling capacity is output through the strip-shaped air guide slot 251. As an alternative embodiment, those skilled in the art can also pre-embed a "U"-shaped sealing strip made of silicone material at the bottom of the positioning groove 254. When the protruding ridge 253 is pressed in, the sealing strip is compressed to produce elastic deformation, which can eliminate the noise generated by fan vibration transmitted to the air guide plate 250 and further improve the airtight and waterproof performance.

[0041] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, the cooling plate 240 includes a plate frame 241, a phase change energy storage material 242 filled in the plate frame 241, and a semiconductor cooling chip 243 attached to the plate frame 241. The semiconductor cooling chip 243 is configured to start after the phase change energy storage material 242 has completed phase change heat absorption saturation, or to replenish and restore the saturated phase change energy storage material 242.

[0042] The cooling plate 240 is a composite cooling unit, the main body of which is a hollow plate frame 241 made of aluminum alloy or copper, and the interior is sealed and filled with a phase change energy storage material 242, such as a paraffin-based composite material with a specific melting point. On one of the outer surfaces of the plate frame 241, a semiconductor cooling chip 243 is also tightly attached, and its cold end is tightly bonded to the plate frame 241 by thermally conductive silicone grease.

[0043] The beneficial effect of this design lies in its construction of a composite cooling source system with adaptive capabilities and a cooling capacity replenishment mechanism. During normal high-temperature periods or the initial stage of load, the system primarily relies on the melting process of the phase change material to absorb a large amount of latent heat. At this time, the semiconductor cooling chip is not working or operates at low power, resulting in extremely low energy consumption. When encountering sustained extreme high temperatures, after the phase change material has completely melted, the temperature begins to rise. The system automatically switches to or superimposes the operation of the semiconductor cooling chip 243, whose cold end directly cools the plate frame 241, thereby maintaining the overall cooling capacity of the cooling plate 240 and avoiding the problem of failure of a purely phase change material system after thermal saturation.

[0044] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, a cooling plate support frame 260 is provided in the precooling chamber 213. The two side walls of the cooling plate support frame 260 are provided with inclined limiting slots 261. The two ends of the cooling plate 240 are inserted into the inclined limiting slots 261, so that the cooling plate 240 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane to guide the generated condensate to slide down.

[0045] The refrigeration plate support frame 260 can be welded from stainless steel profiles. During installation, the two ends of each refrigeration plate 240 are inserted into a pair of corresponding oblique limiting slots 261, so that all refrigeration plates 240 can maintain the same tilt angle, with the tilt direction being downward towards the air intake direction.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this design are that the inclined arrangement of the cooling plates extends the path of airflow across the plate surface, increasing the heat exchange time. More importantly, when hot, humid air flows over the low-temperature surface, condensation will inevitably occur. Water droplets will slide down the inclined plate surface under gravity, rather than accumulating on the surface to form an insulating water film. This ensures continuous heat exchange efficiency and creates the preconditions for the orderly collection of condensate.

[0047] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a drain plate 270 is provided below the cooling plate support frame 260, and a condensate collection tank 280 is provided below the drain plate 270. The bottom surface of the condensate collection tank 280 is a converging slope 281 that slopes from the inside of the precooling chamber 213 toward the air inlet 211.

[0048] The drain plate 270 is a perforated mesh structure, for example, made of perforated stainless steel plate, which serves to rectify and drain water. Below the drain plate 270, a condensate collection tank 280 is installed. The bottom of the tank is made into a converging slope 281 that gradually decreases from the rear (away from the air inlet 211) to the front (closer to the air inlet 211) of the precooling chamber 213. The inclination of the converging slope 281 ensures that all dripping liquid can flow naturally to the lowest point.

[0049] The beneficial effect of this design is that condensate droplets sliding off the inclined surface of the cooling plate 240 first drip onto the drain plate 270. These droplets then pass through holes in the plate and fall into the condensate collection trough 280 below. Under the influence of gravity, they automatically flow along the confluence slope 281 and collect in a low-lying area near the air inlet 211. This structure ensures that the dispersed condensate is effectively collected, facilitating subsequent processing.

[0050] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the water curtain plate 220 is made of water-absorbing material, and the drain plate 270 has a positioning groove 271 at one end near the air inlet 211. The water curtain plate 220 passes through the positioning groove 271 and its bottom end extends into the condensate collection tank 280 to absorb the condensate collected in the condensate collection tank 280 to keep it moist.

[0051] The water curtain panel 220 is made of corrugated fiber paper or porous polymer sponge material with high capillary absorbency. Its well-developed internal pores allow it to overcome gravity and transport water upwards. The condensate collected in the condensate collection tank 280 is continuously absorbed by the bottom of the water curtain panel 220 through capillary action. The absorbent material transports water upwards, keeping the entire water curtain panel 220 moist. When dry, hot air flows by, the water evaporates, achieving initial cooling, and the water consumed by evaporation is replenished by the continuously flowing condensate.

[0052] The beneficial effect of this design lies in realizing a self-sustaining condensate recycling system. Conventional water curtain cooling systems require electric water pumps and water distribution pipelines, resulting in high energy consumption, high failure rates, and space occupation. This solution cleverly utilizes the condensate generated by the system itself as a water source. Through the water absorption characteristics of the water curtain plate 220, the condensate collected at the bottom is transported to the entire water curtain mesh surface, keeping it moist. As the outside temperature rises and the temperature difference increases, more condensate is generated, the humidity of the water curtain is higher, and the evaporative cooling capacity is stronger, forming an adaptive positive feedback regulation mechanism. This design not only eliminates the need for a pumping system but also solves the problem of condensate discharge and treatment.

[0053] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 9 As shown, the surface of the frame 241 of the cooling plate 240 is provided with uniformly distributed airflow permeation holes 244.

[0054] The beneficial effect of this design lies in its enhanced heat transfer through altered flow field structure. When air flows through the cooling plate, some of the airflow directly penetrates these perforations. During this passage through the channels, the air undergoes more intense and complete convective heat transfer with the perforation walls and the internal phase change material. Compared to simple surface heat transfer, this significantly increases the effective heat transfer area and enhances the turbulence effect, thereby improving the overall heat exchange efficiency of the cooling plate. This means that the same cooling effect can be achieved with fewer cooling plates or a smaller volume, resulting in a more compact structure.

[0055] Alternatively, in some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the air outlet 212 is formed by several parallel vertical plates 290 arranged above the precooling chamber 213. The crossflow fan 230 is embedded between the parallel vertical plates 290, and the inner side of the parallel vertical plates 290 is provided with a mounting slot 291 for installing the crossflow fan 230.

[0056] The beneficial effect of this design is that it provides a robust and highly integrated fan mounting structure. The parallel vertical plates 290 define the boundary of the air outlet 212 and also serve as the fan mounting bracket. By embedding the bearing seats at both ends of the fan into the mounting slots 291, the fan can be quickly positioned and fixed, ensuring that its air outlet direction is precisely aligned with the strip-shaped air guide grooves 251 of the air guide plate 250. This structure has strong overall integrity, is easy to install, and can effectively restrain the vibration of the fan during operation.

[0057] The working principle of a pre-cooling heat dissipation device and its prefabricated substation according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: When the prefabricated substation is put into operation, especially under high temperature and high load conditions, the crossflow fan 230 is started. Under negative pressure, hot outside air first passes through the humidified water curtain plate 220 at the air inlet 211, absorbing latent heat through water evaporation, thus initially reducing the air temperature. Subsequently, the humid, cold air enters the pre-cooling chamber 213, passing through the inclined cooling plate 240 and its airflow infiltration holes 244 in a turbulent flow. During this process, the phase change energy storage material 242 within the cooling plate 240 absorbs heat, or the semiconductor cooling chip 243 provides active deep cooling, cooling and dehumidifying the pre-cooled air. Moisture in the air may condense during this process; the condensate slides down the inclined plate surface to the drain plate 270, eventually flowing into the condensate collection tank 280, where it is absorbed and reused by the water curtain plate 220, forming a closed-loop water circulation. The cooled air is then accelerated and pushed into the strip-shaped air guide duct 251 by the crossflow fan 230. Under the action of the variable cross-section of the air guide duct, the airflow is further accelerated and rectified, while the enlarged outlet structure at the outlet can capture and return any condensate that may be generated there. Finally, the high-speed, low-temperature airflow is directly blown into the transformer body 112 inside the transformer mounting layer 111, efficiently removing the accumulated heat. The hot airflow is discharged through the heat exchange ventilation holes 113 at the top, thereby ensuring the continuous and safe operation of the substation.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A pre-cooling heat dissipation device, characterized in that: The enclosure includes a box shell, with an air inlet on the front and an air outlet on the top. A pre-cooling chamber is formed inside the enclosure, and the air inlet, the pre-cooling chamber and the air outlet are connected in sequence to form a cooling air duct. A water curtain plate is installed at the air inlet, a cross-flow fan that blows air upwards is installed at the air outlet, and a multi-layered refrigeration plate is installed in the pre-cooling chamber. The precooling chamber is equipped with a refrigeration plate support frame. The two side walls of the refrigeration plate support frame are provided with inclined limiting slots. The two ends of the refrigeration plate are inserted into the inclined limiting slots, so that the refrigeration plate is inclined relative to the horizontal plane to guide the generated condensate to slide down. A drain plate is provided below the refrigeration plate support frame, and a condensate collection tank is provided below the drain plate. The bottom surface of the condensate collection tank is a converging slope that slopes from the inside of the precooling chamber toward the air inlet. The water curtain plate is made of water-absorbing material. The end of the water curtain plate near the air inlet is provided with a positioning groove. The water curtain plate passes through the positioning groove and its bottom end extends into the condensate collection tank to absorb the condensate collected in the condensate collection tank to keep it moist. The top of the housing is provided with an air guide plate, and multiple parallel strip-shaped air guide slots are opened on the air guide plate. The air outlet of the crossflow fan is aligned with the bottom inlet of the strip-shaped air guide slots. The longitudinal section of the strip-shaped air guide channel has a scaling structure that narrows in the middle and expands at both ends. The narrowing part in the middle of the strip-shaped air guide channel is used to accelerate the airflow discharge. The expanded opening at the upper end of the strip-shaped air guide channel forms a condensate guide section, which is used to receive the condensate generated by the contact between cold air and the external hot environment, and guides the condensate back to the pre-cooling chamber through the inclined inner wall of the expanded opening. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device is configured such that: outside air enters the pre-cooling chamber after being initially cooled by the water curtain plate, then undergoes secondary cooling by the cooling plate, and is blown by the crossflow fan through the strip air guide groove and discharged from the air outlet.

2. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom edge of the air guide plate is provided with a protruding ridge, and the mounting position on the top of the housing shell is provided with a positioning groove that matches the protruding ridge. The air guide plate is fixed to the top of the housing shell by the engagement of the protruding ridge and the positioning groove.

3. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling plate includes a plate frame, a phase change energy storage material filled in the plate frame, and a semiconductor cooling chip attached to the plate frame; the semiconductor cooling chip is configured to start after the phase change energy storage material completes phase change heat absorption saturation, or to replenish and restore the saturated phase change energy storage material.

4. The pre-cooling heat dissipation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface of the cooling plate has uniformly distributed airflow perforations.

5. A pre-cooling heat dissipation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet is formed by several parallel vertical plates arranged above the precooling chamber. The crossflow fan is embedded between the parallel vertical plates, and the inner side of the parallel vertical plates is provided with a slot for installing the crossflow fan.

6. A prefabricated substation, comprising a substation body, wherein a transformer room is provided in the middle of the substation body, characterized in that: The transformer room is vertically divided into an upper transformer mounting layer and a lower air precooling layer. The transformer mounting layer contains the transformer body, and its top is provided with heat exchange ventilation holes. The air precooling layer is equipped with a precooling heat dissipation device as described in any one of claims 1-5; The air outlet of the pre-cooling heat dissipation device is connected to the transformer mounting layer and is used to cool the transformer body.

Images