A working condition optimization system and method for a range extended electric traction machine

Abstract

This application discloses a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system and method, relating to the field of power construction equipment. The system includes: an engine, a generator module, a permanent magnet synchronous motor module, a traction drum, a battery module, and a control system. The generator module converts the mechanical energy provided by the engine into DC electrical energy. The permanent magnet synchronous motor module receives DC electrical energy to drive the traction drum. The traction drum pulls a guide wire or traction rope. The battery module receives DC electrical energy for charging and supplies power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and the control system. The control system, based on current status data and current power demand, controls the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse, or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. It also controls the battery module and generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus. This application can improve system efficiency, energy utilization, and traction control accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power construction equipment technology, and in particular to a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the tension stringing construction of high-voltage transmission lines, the traction machine plays an irreplaceable role as a key piece of equipment providing core power. For a long time, traction machines have relied on diesel-powered hydraulic systems. While this traditional equipment can meet basic construction needs, it suffers from inherent drawbacks such as low hydraulic system efficiency (typically below 70%), high operating noise, and high pollutant emissions. With the deepening implementation of the "dual-carbon" strategy, energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development have become the main themes of the industry. Therefore, developing new clean energy traction equipment based on different working conditions has become an urgent need.

[0003] However, existing technologies have not yet effectively solved the energy supply problem in outdoor construction scenarios: if a pure power battery solution is adopted, the battery pack required to meet the energy demand of the tractor for continuous long-term operation (usually 8 to 12 hours) will significantly increase the size and weight of the equipment due to the current battery energy density, which will seriously affect the mobility and deployment efficiency of field construction; if relying on the mains power, it is not feasible due to the complex field construction environment and insufficient power grid coverage.

[0004] Although range-extended electric vehicle (REEV) technology has been applied in the electric vehicle sector, its control strategies focus on economic optimization under road conditions and cannot meet the specific requirements of traction machines in power construction for dynamic response speed (millisecond-level torque adjustment), adaptability to operating conditions (gravity-based cable laying, regenerative braking), and system reliability. Currently, there are no publicly available range-extended electric traction machine technology solutions for power construction scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system and method, which improves the system efficiency, energy utilization rate and traction control accuracy of the range-extended electric traction machine through coordinated energy management and operating condition identification.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system, comprising: The engine provides mechanical energy to the generator module; The generator module is connected to the engine and is used to convert the mechanical energy into DC electrical energy; The permanent magnet synchronous motor module is connected to the generator module via a DC bus to receive DC power transmitted from the DC bus and drive the traction drum. The traction drum is used to pull the guide wire or traction rope; The battery module is connected to the generator module and the permanent magnet synchronous motor module via the DC bus. It is used to receive DC power transmitted by the generator module or the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus for charging, and to supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and the control system. The control system is used to issue control commands to control the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module, based on the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine. It also controls the battery module and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus.

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine, including: Obtain the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine; the current status data includes: the current rotational speed, desired rotational speed and current angular acceleration of the traction drum, the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the current command of the control system and the current charge of the battery module; Based on the current status data and the current power demand, determine the current operating condition type of the range-extended electric traction machine; Based on the current operating condition type, determine the control command for the control system at the next moment; Based on the control command at the next moment, the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module are controlled. The battery module and the generator module are controlled to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus, thereby completing the optimization of the operating conditions of the range-extended electric traction machine.

[0009] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application constructs a range-extended electric traction machine architecture based on a common DC bus, in which the generator module, battery module and permanent magnet synchronous motor module are connected in parallel on the DC side to form a unified energy interaction platform. Compared with the traditional diesel-hydraulic traction machine, this solution has the following advantages: (1) Significantly improved system efficiency: By eliminating the hydraulic transmission link (the efficiency is usually less than 70%), using a range-extended electric drive chain, and dynamically adjusting the engine operating point to the optimal fuel economy zone, energy overflow loss caused by load fluctuations is avoided, and the overall system efficiency can reach more than 85%; (2) Significantly improved energy utilization rate: Based on the working condition identification (acceleration / elevation traction, gravity laying, braking, steady state), the power output of the generator and battery is coordinated and scheduled, and braking energy regeneration is realized under gravity laying or braking conditions, effectively recovering mechanical energy; (3) Significantly enhanced control precision: Utilizing the millisecond-level torque response characteristics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, combined with closed-loop speed control, high dynamic and high-precision control of the traction drum is achieved, meeting the stringent requirements for tension stability in power construction. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0013] Reference numerals: 1-Engine; 2-Generator; 3-Generator controller; 4-Permanent magnet synchronous motor; 5-Motor controller; 6-DC bus; 7-Battery module; 8-Reducer with integrated power failure brake; 9-Traction drum; 10-Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system is provided, which includes: Engine 1 is used to provide mechanical energy to the generator module.

[0017] Specifically, engine 1 is a diesel engine. The diesel engine is a special diesel engine for construction machinery, and its power is comparable to that of the traction machine's drive motor.

[0018] A generator module, connected to engine 1, is used to convert mechanical energy into DC electrical energy; As one feasible approach, the generator module includes: Generator 2, connected to the engine, is used to convert mechanical energy into alternating current electrical energy.

[0019] Specifically, generator 2 is a permanent magnet generator. The power of the permanent magnet generator is matched with that of the diesel engine, and it outputs alternating current.

[0020] The generator controller 3 is connected to the generator 2 and the DC bus 6 respectively. It is used to rectify AC power into DC power and regulate the output voltage, and send the regulated DC power to the DC bus.

[0021] Specifically, the generator controller 3, whose DC side is connected to the DC bus 6, is used to rectify AC power into DC power and prioritize power supply to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. At the same time, by adjusting the output voltage, it charges the battery module 7 during the off-peak period or works in conjunction with the battery module 7 to supply power during the peak period, thereby achieving peak shaving and load balancing.

[0022] The permanent magnet synchronous motor module is connected to the generator module via the DC bus 6. It is used to receive DC power transmitted by the DC bus 6 and drive the traction drum 9.

[0023] As one feasible approach, the permanent magnet synchronous motor module achieves bidirectional power exchange via DC bus 6, used to drive the traction drum 9 or to regenerate power during regenerative braking. The permanent magnet synchronous motor module includes: The motor controller 5 is connected to the DC bus 6 and the permanent magnet synchronous motor. It is used to receive the DC power transmitted by the DC bus 6 to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor, or to feed back the mechanical energy of the traction drum 9 to the DC bus 6. It also adjusts the q-axis current and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the control instructions of the control system, so as to realize the operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in four quadrants. The DC side of the motor controller is connected to the DC bus 6, and the AC side of the motor controller is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0024] Specifically, the motor controller 5 is connected to the DC bus 6 on its DC side, and is used to obtain electrical energy from the DC bus 6 or to feed back the mechanical energy of the traction drum to the DC bus 6, and to adjust the q-axis current and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 according to the control instructions of the control system 10. The permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 is connected to the motor controller 5 and is used to drive the traction drum 9 under the control of the motor controller. It is also used to convert mechanical energy into AC power when the traction drum 9 is reversed and then send it to the DC bus 6 after rectification by the motor controller.

[0025] Specifically, the permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 is connected to the motor controller 5 to receive electrical energy and drive the traction drum 9.

[0026] Traction drum 9 is used for traction wires or traction ropes.

[0027] Battery module 7 is connected to generator module and permanent magnet synchronous motor module via DC bus 6. It is used to receive DC power transmitted from generator module or permanent magnet synchronous motor module via DC bus 6 for charging and to supply power to permanent magnet synchronous motor module and control system.

[0028] As one feasible approach, battery module 7 includes a battery and a battery control and thermal management system; the battery control and thermal management system is used to regulate the battery based on its state. Battery module 7 is a replaceable, standardized battery module with interfaces conforming to the general standards of power construction equipment.

[0029] As an feasible approach, the battery module 7 is also used to receive AC power from the permanent magnet synchronous motor via the DC bus 6 and the motor controller for charging.

[0030] The control system is used to issue control commands based on the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine to control the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module, and to control the battery module and generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus.

[0031] As an implementable approach, the control system 10 is used to issue control commands to control the speed of the engine 1, the charging and discharging of the generator module, and the operating status of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module based on the current status data of the range-extended electric traction machine and the current traction load power demand, and to control the battery module 7 and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module.

[0032] As an implementable approach, the range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system also includes: a reducer 8 with an integrated power-loss brake; The reducer 8, which integrates a power-off brake, is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and the traction drum 9, respectively. It is used to reduce the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and transmit torque to the traction drum 9. When the control system loses power or stops in an emergency, the power-off brake of the integrated power-off brake automatically locks the traction drum 9 to ensure equipment safety.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the output shaft of engine 1 is connected to generator 2. The output end of generator 2 is connected to DC bus 6 via generator controller 3. A replaceable standardized battery module 7 and a motor controller 5 of permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 are connected in parallel on DC bus 6. The output end of motor controller 5 is connected to permanent magnet synchronous motor 4. The output shaft of permanent magnet synchronous motor 4 is connected to traction drum 9 via reducer 8 with integrated power failure brake. Control system 10 is interconnected with diesel engine 1, generator controller 3, battery module 7 and motor controller 5 via CAN bus.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system proposed in this application are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. The range-extended electric drive chain adopts "engine-generator module-DC bus-permanent magnet synchronous motor module". The total efficiency of the electric transmission part can reach 90% (excluding engine efficiency), which is far better than the <70% of the traditional hydraulic system. By dynamically adjusting the engine operating point to the optimal fuel economy zone through the control system, the inefficient operation and energy overflow loss caused by load fluctuations in the hydraulic system are avoided, thereby achieving significant energy efficiency and efficiency improvement at the system level.

[0035] 2. Based on operating condition identification (acceleration / elevation difference traction, gravity laying, braking, steady state), the power output of the battery and generator is coordinated and scheduled, and braking energy regeneration is realized under gravity laying or braking conditions to effectively recover mechanical energy and improve energy utilization.

[0036] 3. By using the "range-extended power generation" mode, we can get rid of our dependence on ultra-large capacity batteries, achieve long-term continuous operation, and reduce overall costs (avoiding the investment in ultra-large capacity batteries and reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions per unit of operation).

[0037] 4. By utilizing the millisecond-level torque response characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors and combining them with closed-loop speed control, high dynamic and high-precision control of the traction drum can be achieved, meeting the stringent requirements for tension stability in power construction.

[0038] 5. An integrated power failure brake ensures reliable locking of the traction drum in the event of a power outage or emergency shutdown, meeting the mandatory safety requirements for power construction.

[0039] 6. This application can eliminate the hydraulic transmission loss of traditional hydraulic traction machines through a common DC bus architecture and adaptive energy management under operating conditions, thereby significantly improving system efficiency, energy utilization and traction control accuracy.

[0040] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine. This method is applied to the aforementioned range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the operating condition optimization method for range-extended electric traction machines includes the following steps S1 to S4: Step S1: Obtain the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine; the current status data includes: the current speed, desired speed and current angular acceleration of the traction drum, the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the current command of the control system and the current charge of the battery module.

[0041] Step S2: Based on the current status data and current power demand, determine the current operating condition type of the range-extended electric traction machine.

[0042] As an feasible approach, the current operating conditions include: acceleration or elevation difference traction, gravity-based cable laying, braking, and steady-state conditions. Step S2 specifically includes: If the desired rotational speed of the traction drum changes in a positive direction and the current power demand is greater than the power threshold, the current working condition is determined to be an acceleration or elevation difference traction working condition; a positive change is defined as the rate of change of the desired rotational speed of the traction drum being positive and the absolute value of the rate of change of the desired rotational speed being greater than the first set threshold.

[0043] If the desired speed of the traction drum remains constant, the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is negative, the control system has no braking command, and the deviation between the current speed of the traction drum and the desired speed is less than the first speed threshold, then the current working condition is determined to be gravity-feeding working condition; "remaining constant" means that the absolute value of the rate of change of the desired speed of the traction drum is less than the second set threshold.

[0044] If the control system issues a braking command and the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is negative, the current operating condition is determined to be a braking condition.

[0045] If the desired speed of the traction drum remains constant, and the difference between the current speed of the traction drum and the desired speed is less than the second speed threshold, and the absolute value of the rate of change of the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is less than the current threshold, and the duration for which the absolute value of the rate of change of the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is less than the current threshold is greater than a preset time window (e.g., 2 seconds), the current operating condition is determined to be a steady-state operating condition.

[0046] Specifically, the power threshold is 90-95% of the generator's rated output power.

[0047] Step S3: Based on the current operating condition, determine the control command for the control system at the next moment.

[0048] As an implementable approach, step S3 specifically includes: If the current operating condition is acceleration or elevation difference traction, then the control command for the next moment is determined to be that the control system controls the battery module and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. Specifically, if the current operating condition is acceleration or elevation difference traction, the range-extended electric traction machine operates as follows: the control system controls the battery module and the generator and generator controller to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor and its controller to meet instantaneous high power requirements.

[0049] If the current working condition is gravity-feeding or braking, the control command for the next moment is determined to be that the control system charges the battery module through the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. Specifically, if the current working condition is gravity-feeding or braking, the range-extended electric traction machine operates as follows: the control system controls the permanent magnet synchronous motor and motor controller to enter the power generation mode, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is then recharged to the battery module through the motor controller.

[0050] If the current operating condition is a steady-state condition, then the control command for the next moment is determined to be the current control command.

[0051] Specifically, if the current working condition is a steady-state working condition, the working state of the range-extended electric traction machine is as follows: the control system makes the engine work in the optimal economic speed range, the engine drives the generator to generate electricity and the generator controller, and the generated electrical energy is directly supplied to the motor controller through the DC bus to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor to work, and then drives the traction drum through the reducer.

[0052] Because the transmission efficiency of traditional hydraulic traction machines is limited by the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic pump and motor, mechanical friction losses, and pipeline throttling and leakage, the overall system efficiency is typically around 70%. This application, however, employs a range-extended electric drivetrain consisting of an engine, generator module, DC bus, and permanent magnet synchronous motor. Each component utilizes a high-efficiency permanent magnet motor and advanced electronic control technology, achieving an electric drive efficiency of over 90%. Simultaneously, the engine speed can operate consistently within the optimal fuel economy range, avoiding inefficient operation and energy overflow losses caused by load fluctuations in the hydraulic system, thus achieving a significant improvement in system-level energy efficiency. Therefore, the efficiency of this electric drivetrain is significantly higher than the mechanical transmission efficiency of traditional hydraulic systems.

[0053] Step S4: Based on the control command at the next moment, control the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. Control the battery module and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus to complete the optimization of the operating conditions of the range-extended electric traction machine.

[0054] As an implementable approach, the operating condition optimization method for range-extended electric traction machines also includes: obtaining the state of charge of the battery module.

[0055] When the state of charge is less than or equal to the first safety threshold, the control system is also used to control the connection between the battery module and the DC bus to charge the battery module.

[0056] When the state of charge exceeds the second safety threshold, the control system also controls the battery module to disconnect from the DC bus and stop charging the battery module.

[0057] When the state of charge is less than the third safety threshold, the battery control and thermal management system sends a discharge prohibition request to the control system; the control system disconnects the battery module from the DC bus according to the discharge prohibition request, and prohibits the battery module from discharging.

[0058] Specifically, the third security threshold < the first security threshold < the second security threshold.

[0059] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0060] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0061] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0062] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A range extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system, characterized in that, The range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system includes: The engine provides mechanical energy to the generator module; The generator module is connected to the engine and is used to convert the mechanical energy into DC electrical energy; The permanent magnet synchronous motor module is connected to the generator module via a DC bus to receive DC power transmitted from the DC bus and drive the traction drum. The traction drum is used to pull the guide wire or traction rope; The battery module is connected to the generator module and the permanent magnet synchronous motor module via the DC bus. It is used to receive DC power transmitted by the generator module or the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus for charging, and to supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and the control system. The control system is used to issue control commands to control the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module, based on the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine. It also controls the battery module and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus.

2. The extended-range electric traction machine operating condition optimization system of claim 1, wherein, The battery module includes a battery and a battery control and thermal management system; the battery control and thermal management system is used to adjust the battery according to its state.

3. The extended-range electric traction machine operating condition optimization system of claim 1, wherein, The generator module includes: A generator, connected to the engine, is used to convert the mechanical energy into alternating current electrical energy; A generator controller is connected to both the generator and the DC bus, and is used to rectify the AC power into DC power and regulate the output voltage, and then send the regulated DC power to the DC bus.

4. The range extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system of claim 3, wherein, The permanent magnet synchronous motor module includes: A motor controller, connected to the DC bus and the permanent magnet synchronous motor, is used to receive DC power transmitted from the DC bus to drive the permanent magnet synchronous motor, or to feed back the mechanical energy of the traction drum to the DC bus, and to adjust the q-axis current and speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor according to the control commands of the control system, so as to realize the operation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in four quadrants; the DC side of the motor controller is connected to the DC bus; the AC side of the motor controller is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor. A permanent magnet synchronous motor, connected to the motor controller, is used to drive the traction drum under the control of the motor controller, and also to convert mechanical energy into AC power when the traction drum reverses, and then send it to the DC bus after rectification by the motor controller.

5. The range extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system of claim 4, wherein, The battery module is also used to receive AC power from the permanent magnet synchronous motor for charging via the DC bus and the motor controller.

6. The extended-range electric traction machine operating condition optimization system of claim 1, wherein, The range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system also includes: a reducer with an integrated power-loss brake; The reducer of the integrated power-off brake is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and the traction drum respectively. It is used to reduce the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module and transmit torque to the traction drum. When the control system loses power or stops in an emergency, the power-off brake of the integrated power-off brake automatically locks the traction drum to ensure equipment safety.

7. A method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine, wherein the method is applied to the range-extended electric traction machine operating condition optimization system according to any one of claims 1-6, and the method comprises: Obtain the current status data and current power demand of the range-extended electric traction machine; The current status data includes: the current rotational speed, desired rotational speed, and current angular acceleration of the traction drum; the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor; the current command of the control system; and the current charge of the battery module. Based on the current status data and the current power demand, determine the current operating condition type of the range-extended electric traction machine; Based on the current operating condition type, determine the control command for the control system at the next moment; Based on the control command at the next moment, the engine speed, the connection or disconnection of the battery module and the DC bus, and the forward, reverse or stop rotation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor module are controlled. The battery module and the generator module are controlled to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module through the DC bus, thereby completing the optimization of the operating conditions of the range-extended electric traction machine.

8. The method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The current operating condition types include: acceleration or elevation difference traction operating condition, gravity cable laying operating condition, braking operating condition, and steady-state operating condition; Based on the current status data and the current power demand, the current operating condition type of the range-extended electric traction machine is determined, specifically including: If the desired rotational speed of the traction drum changes in a positive direction and the current power demand is greater than the power threshold, the current working condition is determined to be an acceleration or elevation difference traction working condition; the positive change means that the rate of change of the desired rotational speed of the traction drum is positive and the absolute value of the rate of change of the desired rotational speed is greater than the first set threshold. If the desired speed of the traction drum remains constant, the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is negative, the control system has no braking command, and the deviation between the current speed of the traction drum and the desired speed is less than the first speed threshold, then the current working condition is determined to be gravity-feeding working condition; "remaining constant" means that the absolute value of the rate of change of the desired speed of the traction drum is less than the second set threshold. If the control system issues a braking command and the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is negative, the current operating condition is determined to be a braking condition. If the desired speed of the traction drum remains constant, and the difference between the current speed of the traction drum and the desired speed is less than the second speed threshold, and the absolute value of the rate of change of the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is less than the current threshold, and the duration for which the absolute value of the rate of change of the current q-axis current of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controller is less than the current threshold is greater than a preset time window, then the current operating condition is determined to be a steady-state operating condition.

9. The method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, Based on the current operating condition type, the control command for the next moment of the control system is determined, specifically including: If the current operating condition is acceleration or elevation difference traction, then the control command for the next moment is determined to be that the control system controls the battery module and the generator module to jointly supply power to the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. If the current working condition is gravity-feeding or braking, then the control command for the next moment is determined to be that the control system charges the battery module through the permanent magnet synchronous motor module. If the current operating condition is a steady-state condition, then the control command for the next moment is determined to be the current control command.

10. The method for optimizing the operating conditions of a range-extended electric traction machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control system is also used to acquire the state of charge of the battery module; When the state of charge is less than or equal to the first safety threshold, the control system is also used to control the connection of the battery module to the DC bus to charge the battery module; When the state of charge is greater than the second safety threshold, the control system is also used to control the battery module to disconnect from the DC bus and stop charging the battery module; When the state of charge is less than the third safety threshold, the battery control and thermal management system sends a discharge prohibition request to the control system; The control system disconnects the battery module from the DC bus according to the power prohibition request, thus preventing the battery module from discharging.

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