Smart watch based on human bioelectricity self-power supply and energy management method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a smartwatch based on self-powered human bioelectric current and its energy management method, belonging to the field of smart wearable device technology. Through the coordinated operation of a flexible bioelectrode array integrated on the watchband, a high-efficiency energy conversion module within the watch body, and a hybrid energy storage system, it can stably collect human bioelectric current and convert it into usable electrical energy, solving the problem of frequent charging required by existing smartwatches. Furthermore, by using bioelectric signals for both self-powered operation and health monitoring, the reuse design avoids the need for additional sensors and signal conditioning circuits for health monitoring functions, reducing overall system energy consumption and simplifying product structure and size compared to existing solutions. In addition, the hierarchical power supply strategy adopted in this invention automatically shuts down high-power modules such as the display and Bluetooth when power is insufficient, maintaining only low-power core functions such as the real-time clock and basic sensors, ensuring basic availability of the device under extreme conditions and improving the user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart wearable device technology, and in particular to a smartwatch based on self-powered human bioelectric current and its energy management method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile internet technologies, wearable devices, represented by smartwatches, have become important tools for people's daily lives, health management, and exercise monitoring. These devices typically integrate multiple sensors (such as heart rate sensors, accelerometers, and GPS), displays, wireless communication modules (such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi), and powerful processors, offering increasingly rich functionality. However, the increase in functionality has directly led to a sharp rise in device power consumption, and power supply issues have become a core bottleneck restricting their further popularization and development.

[0003] Currently, the vast majority of smartwatches use built-in lithium-ion batteries as their sole or primary power source. This power supply method has the following inherent drawbacks: First, lithium-ion batteries have limited energy density. Constrained by the compact physical space of smartwatches, their battery capacity cannot support high-intensity, all-day use demands, requiring users to charge the device every few days, significantly impacting user convenience. Second, lithium batteries have a cycle life issue. As the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, battery capacity gradually decreases. Typically, after several hundred cycles, battery life will significantly decline, shortening the overall lifespan of the device. Frequent battery replacements not only increase user costs but also create electronic waste, contradicting green environmental protection principles.

[0004] To reduce reliance on external charging, the industry has proposed various self-powered technologies, mainly falling into two categories: one is kinetic energy harvesting technology utilizing user body movements, such as piezoelectric materials and electromagnetic induction power generation devices; the other is solar cell technology utilizing ambient light energy. However, these solutions are significantly limited in practical applications. Kinetic energy harvesting relies on continuous, large-amplitude limb movements by the user, and can hardly generate effective electricity in static scenarios such as sitting or sleeping. Solar cells are severely constrained by lighting conditions; their power generation efficiency drops sharply indoors, at night, or when obscured by clothing, making it impossible to guarantee a stable power supply around the clock.

[0005] Meanwhile, the human body itself is a vast energy source. During physiological activities, such as heartbeat, muscle contraction, and nerve conduction, the body generates weak bioelectrical signals. Specifically, the amplitude of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal on the skin surface is approximately 1-5 mV, with a frequency range of 0.05-100 Hz; the amplitude of the electromyogram (EMG) signal is approximately 0.01-0.1 mV, with a frequency range of 10-500 Hz. These bioelectrical signals contain considerable energy potential. It is estimated that the bioelectrical energy generated by the human body in daily activities can reach the milliwatt level, sufficient to support the operation of low-power electronic devices.

[0006] However, due to the extremely small amplitude, high internal resistance (ranging from hundreds of kilohms to several megahms), and instability of bioelectrical signals, current technologies have long primarily used them for physiological state monitoring, such as electrocardiographs and electromyography devices, rather than effectively capturing and converting them into stable electrical energy usable by electronic devices. Although a few studies have attempted to collect bioelectricity, the following technical challenges are generally encountered: First, the energy conversion efficiency is low. The energy density of bioelectric signals is extremely low. Traditional rectifier circuits (such as diode bridge rectifiers) have a forward voltage drop loss of 0.3-0.7V, which causes the weak bioelectric energy to be completely consumed at this stage and cannot be effectively collected.

[0007] Second, the contact stability between the acquisition electrodes and the skin is poor. In dynamic scenarios such as exercise and sweating, the contact impedance between the electrodes and the skin can change drastically (from a few kΩ to hundreds of kΩ), leading to signal attenuation, increased noise, and a significant decrease in acquisition efficiency.

[0008] Third, there is a lack of suitable power management strategies. The collected micro-energy is intermittent and unstable. Existing smartwatch power management systems are mainly designed for stable input and cannot efficiently manage this intermittent energy, making it difficult to achieve continuous and stable power supply.

[0009] Therefore, how to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a technical solution that can efficiently and stably collect and utilize human bioelectric currents to power smartwatches and simultaneously achieve health monitoring is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a smartwatch based on human bioelectric current self-powered and its energy management method, which solves the technical problems of existing smartwatches relying on external charging, short battery life, and existing self-powered technologies being unable to provide stable power supply due to environmental or activity status limitations. This invention provides a smartwatch powered by human bio-currents, comprising a watch body and a watch band connected to the watch body, and further comprising: a flexible bioelectrode array disposed on the inner surface of the watch band for contact with human skin to collect bio-currents generated on the human body surface; an energy harvesting and conversion module, a hybrid energy storage system, and a health monitoring module, all disposed inside the watch body; the watch body and the watch band are electrically connected, enabling the bio-current signals collected by the flexible bioelectrode array to be transmitted to the energy harvesting and conversion module and the health monitoring module inside the watch body; the energy harvesting and conversion module is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array for receiving and amplifying the bio-currents and converting them into direct current energy; the hybrid energy storage system is electrically connected to the energy harvesting and conversion module for storing the direct current energy and controllingly powering the functional modules of the smartwatch; the health monitoring module is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array for receiving the bio-currents and generating physiological parameter information of the user based on the bio-currents.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an impedance matching adjustment unit, which is disposed inside the body of the device and electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array. The impedance matching adjustment unit is used to monitor the contact impedance between the electrodes and the skin, and dynamically adjust the transmission path of the signal collected by the flexible bioelectrode array according to the monitoring results, so as to maintain stable collection of biocurrent.

[0012] Furthermore, the flexible bioelectrode array includes multilayer graphene / hydrogel composite material electrodes.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy harvesting and conversion module includes: an ultra-low noise amplifier circuit for amplifying the biocurrent signal into a voltage signal; and a rectifier circuit for converting the amplified AC or pulsating signal into DC power.

[0014] Furthermore, the hybrid energy storage system includes a supercapacitor and a rechargeable lithium battery, and the smartwatch also includes a power management unit for switching the power supply path according to the voltage state of the supercapacitor and the rechargeable lithium battery.

[0015] Furthermore, the health monitoring module includes: an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing unit for extracting ECG signals from the collected biocurrents and calculating heart rate and heart rate variability; and an electromyography (EMG) signal processing unit for extracting EMG signals from the collected biocurrents and analyzing muscle activity or fatigue levels.

[0016] The present invention also provides an energy management method based on the aforementioned smartwatch, comprising the following steps: a collection step: collecting biocurrents generated on the human body surface through a flexible bioelectrode array disposed on the inner surface of the watch band; a conversion step: amplifying and rectifying the collected biocurrents to convert them into direct current energy; a storage step: storing the direct current energy in a hybrid energy storage system disposed inside the watch body; a power supply step: monitoring the energy storage capacity of the hybrid energy storage system, and when the energy storage capacity is higher than a first threshold, enabling power supply to the high-power function module; when the energy storage capacity is lower than a second threshold, stopping power supply to the high-power function module and maintaining only the low-power function module operation; and a monitoring step: reusing the collected biocurrents to generate physiological parameter information of the user.

[0017] Furthermore, the conversion step further includes: monitoring the contact impedance between the flexible bioelectrode and the skin in real time through an impedance matching adjustment unit set inside the body of the surface, and dynamically adjusting the transmission path of the electrode acquisition signal according to the monitoring results to maintain stable acquisition of biocurrent.

[0018] Furthermore, the power supply step also includes: dynamically allocating power supply priorities based on the user's activity intensity or movement pattern, prioritizing power supply to the real-time clock and basic sensors.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring steps include: separating electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and electromyogram (EMG) signals from the same bioelectrical signal, and using them for heart rate monitoring and muscle activity analysis, respectively.

[0020] The technical solution of this invention, through the coordinated operation of a flexible bioelectrode array integrated on the watchband, a high-efficiency energy conversion module within the watch body, and a hybrid energy storage system, can stably collect human bioelectric currents and convert them into usable electrical energy, solving the problem of frequent charging required by existing smartwatches. Furthermore, by using bioelectric signals simultaneously for self-powering and health monitoring, the reuse design avoids the need for additional sensors and signal conditioning circuits for health monitoring functions, reducing overall system energy consumption and simplifying product structure and size compared to existing solutions. In addition, the hierarchical power supply strategy adopted in this invention automatically shuts down high-power modules such as the display and Bluetooth when power is insufficient, maintaining only low-power core functions such as the real-time clock and basic sensors, ensuring basic availability of the device under extreme conditions and improving the user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the smartwatch structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible bioelectrode array structure in the smartwatch of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the impedance matching adjustment unit in the smartwatch of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the energy management method of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Watch body; 2-Watch strap; 100 - Flexible bioelectrode array; 110 - Impedance matching adjustment unit; 200 - Energy harvesting and conversion module; 210 - Ultra-low noise amplifier circuit; 220 - Rectifier circuit; 300 - Hybrid energy storage system; 310 - Supercapacitor; 320 - Rechargeable lithium battery; 330 - Power management unit; 400 - Health monitoring module; 410 - Electrocardiogram signal processing unit; 420 - Electromyography signal processing unit; 500 - Main control module; 600 - High power consumption function module. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a smartwatch that is self-powered based on human bioelectric current. The smartwatch mainly includes a watch body 1 and a watch strap 2 connected to the watch body 1.

[0027] The watch body 1, as the main body of the watch, houses core electronic components such as the main control circuit board, battery compartment, and display drive circuit. The case of watch body 1 is made of metal or polymer material and has an IP68 water and dust resistance rating. It has a touch screen display embedded on the front (belonging to the high-power function module 600) and function buttons on the side.

[0028] The watch band 2 is made of a flexible polymer material (such as silicone or fluororubber), with its two ends connected to the two ends of the watch body 1. A flexible bioelectrode array 100 is embedded in the inner surface of the watch band 2 (the side that contacts the user's wrist skin). This electrode array consists of multiple independent electrode pads, each made of a multilayer graphene / hydrogel composite material, exhibiting excellent conductivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility. Specifically, the graphene layer provides a highly conductive pathway, while the hydrogel layer enhances adhesion to the skin and reduces contact resistance. The electrode pads are arranged in an array, covering the main contact area on the inner side of the watch band to ensure that at least some electrodes maintain good contact with the skin under different wearing postures.

[0029] Electrical connection between watch body 1 and watch band 2: A flexible circuit board (FPC) or micro-wire bundle is pre-installed inside the watch band 2. One end of the flexible circuit board is soldered or crimped to the back contact of the flexible bioelectrode array 100, and the other end extends to the connection end between the watch band 2 and the watch body 1. A reliable electrical connection is achieved with the main circuit board inside the watch body 1 through the elastic contact or plug at the interface of the watch body 1. This ensures that the collected biocurrent signal can be transmitted from the watch band 2 to the processing circuit inside the watch body 1 without loss.

[0030] The core modules integrated inside the meter body 1 include: energy harvesting and conversion module 200, hybrid energy storage system 300, health monitoring module 400, main control module 500, and impedance matching adjustment unit 110.

[0031] The energy harvesting and conversion module 200 is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array 100. For example... Figure 1 As shown, its internal structure includes the following sequentially connected components: Ultra-low noise amplifier circuit 210: Employing an instrumentation amplifier structure (such as AD8421), its input noise voltage density is below 10nV / √Hz, and its common-mode rejection ratio is greater than 100dB. This circuit amplifies the acquired microvolt-level (0.01-5mV) bioelectrical signals to millivolt-level (1-2V) voltage signals. A filter network is also included at the front end of the amplifier circuit to filter out 50Hz / 60Hz power frequency interference and motion artifact noise.

[0032] Rectifier circuit 220: A full-wave rectifier bridge composed of multiple zero-threshold MOSFETs. The gate threshold voltage of the zero-threshold MOSFETs is close to 0V, allowing them to conduct under micro-voltage input. Their on-resistance is as low as a few ohms, and their forward voltage drop can be controlled below 0.1V. Compared to traditional silicon diodes (forward voltage drop of approximately 0.6-0.7V), the energy conversion efficiency of this rectifier circuit is significantly higher than that of traditional diode rectification schemes, effectively preserving the value of micro-energy harvesting.

[0033] The hybrid energy storage system 300 includes a supercapacitor 310 and a rechargeable lithium battery 320, and is uniformly managed by a power management unit 330. Its operating logic is as follows: The DC power output from the energy harvesting and conversion module 200 is first rapidly stored in the supercapacitor 310. The supercapacitor 310 features high power density and fast charging and discharging speed, enabling it to absorb intermittent energy from the conversion module instantaneously.

[0034] When the voltage of the supercapacitor 310 reaches a certain threshold (e.g., 2.5V), the power management unit 330 transfers energy to the rechargeable lithium battery 320 for long-term storage via a DC-DC converter. The rechargeable lithium battery 320 uses a thin-film or button-type lithium-ion battery with a thickness controllable to within 2mm and a capacity of 100-200mAh.

[0035] The power management unit 330 dynamically selects the power supply path based on the voltage status of each energy storage unit. When the system requires a large instantaneous current (such as when GPS is turned on), the supercapacitor 310 provides pulse energy first; when a stable power supply is required, it is provided by the rechargeable lithium battery 320; in low-power standby mode, the supercapacitor 310 or the rechargeable lithium battery 320 switches power supply according to the voltage status.

[0036] The health monitoring module 400 is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array 100 and includes an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing unit 410 and an electromyography (EMG) signal processing unit 420. This module directly receives raw bioelectrical signals from the electrodes and processes them in parallel. The ECG signal processing unit 410 extracts the ECG signal through a 0.05-100Hz bandpass filter, and uses an R-peak detection algorithm (such as the Pan-Tompkins algorithm) to identify the R-wave in the ECG waveform, thereby calculating the heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV). This processing unit also features a motion artifact removal algorithm, enabling it to extract effective ECG features during motion.

[0037] The electromyography (EMG) signal processing unit 420 extracts EMG signals through a 10-500Hz bandpass filter and uses root mean square (RMS) amplitude analysis and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) frequency domain analysis to determine muscle activity intensity and fatigue level. Specifically, changes in the amplitude of the EMG signal reflect muscle contraction intensity, and a decreasing trend in the median frequency reflects muscle fatigue state.

[0038] Impedance matching adjustment unit 110 is disposed inside the body 1 and electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array 100. For example... Figure 3 As shown, its working principle is as follows: This unit injects a small AC test signal (amplitude <10mV, frequency >1kHz, avoiding overlap with the bioelectric signal frequency band) into the electrode pair to measure the complex impedance (including resistive and capacitive components) of the electrode-skin interface in real time. The measurement result is input to a compensation signal generator, which generates a compensation signal based on the measured impedance value, with the phase opposite to and amplitude proportional to the impedance influence in the signal transmission path. This compensation signal is then superimposed on the acquired bioelectric signal through an adder, thereby canceling the influence of interface impedance changes on the signal amplitude and phase at the circuit level. By achieving impedance matching at the circuit level, the response speed is fast, enabling real-time tracking of changes in skin contact status.

[0039] The main control module 500 uses an ultra-low-power microcontroller (such as an ARM Cortex-M0+ core) to coordinate the work of each module and execute energy management strategies. High-power functional modules 600 (such as OLED display, Bluetooth / Wi-Fi communication module, and GPS module) are selectively activated under the control of the main control module 500.

[0040] Example 2 This embodiment provides an energy management method based on a smartwatch. like Figure 4 As shown, the smartwatch in this embodiment performs the following energy management method: S100 Acquisition Step: The bioelectric current generated on the human body surface is acquired by a flexible bioelectrode array 100 disposed on the inner surface of the strap 2. In this step, multiple electrode pads acquire data simultaneously, and the main control module 500 selects the electrode pair with the best signal quality as the current input.

[0041] S200 Conversion Steps: The energy harvesting and conversion module 200 amplifies and rectifies the acquired signal, converting it into DC power. During this process, the impedance matching adjustment unit 110 monitors the contact impedance between the flexible bioelectrode and the skin in real time, and dynamically adjusts the transmission path of the electrode acquisition signal based on the monitoring results (i.e., generates a compensation signal superposition) to maintain stable acquisition of biocurrent.

[0042] S300 Storage Steps: The converted DC power is preferentially stored in the supercapacitor 310, and then the power management unit 330 transfers the energy to the rechargeable lithium battery 320 for long-term storage according to the voltage status.

[0043] S400 Power Supply Procedure: The main control module 500 monitors the voltage level of the hybrid energy storage system 300 and executes a dynamic power consumption allocation strategy. Specifically, a first threshold (e.g., lithium battery voltage > 3.7V) and a second threshold (e.g., lithium battery voltage < 3.3V) are preset. When the voltage is higher than the first threshold, the energy storage is considered sufficient, allowing all high-power function modules 600, such as the display, Bluetooth, and GPS, to be activated. When the voltage is lower than the second threshold, it is determined to be a low-power state, and the system forcibly shuts down all high-power modules, maintaining only the operation of low-power core functions such as the main control module 500, real-time clock, and basic sensors (e.g., accelerometer). In addition, in sports mode, the system prioritizes powering the GPS module based on the user's activity intensity (detected by the accelerometer) to record the trajectory.

[0044] S500 Monitoring Steps: The health monitoring module 400 receives signals from the flexible bioelectrode array 100, simultaneously processes electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals, generates physiological parameters such as heart rate, heart rate variability, and muscle fatigue, and stores them in low-power mode via the main control module 500 or uploads them via Bluetooth module when there is sufficient power.

[0045] Application scenario examples The smartwatch in this embodiment can be applied to various scenarios: In medical monitoring scenarios, patients with chronic diseases wear the device continuously, with a flexible bioelectrode array constantly collecting electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and calculating heart rate variability (HRV) in real time using an R-peak detection algorithm. When arrhythmia or epileptic seizure-like signals are detected, the main control module 500 triggers an emergency call function, sending a distress message to a preset contact via Bluetooth. Due to its self-powered technology, the device can operate continuously for longer periods with less need for active charging.

[0046] In sports and health management scenarios: During athlete training, electrodes on the inner side of the watchband capture microcurrents (10-500μV) from muscles during exercise. The electromyography (EMG) frequency is analyzed using an FFT algorithm to determine the degree of muscle fatigue. When the median EMG frequency drops below a threshold, the watch vibrates to remind the athlete to rest and prevent sports injuries. The bioelectric current energy conversion module directly drives the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module to send real-time data to the coach's terminal.

[0047] In everyday consumer electronics scenarios: When worn daily, the inner side of the watch band uses silver nanowire electrodes plated by magnetron sputtering to collect bio-currents for power during the day and collect mechanical energy from turning over through piezoelectric materials at night, which can effectively reduce the need for charging.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smartwatch powered by human bio-current, comprising a watch body (1) and a watch strap (2) connected to the watch body (1), characterized in that, Also includes: A flexible bioelectrode array (100) is disposed on the inner surface of the watch strap (2) for contact with human skin to collect biocurrents generated on the human body surface; The energy harvesting and conversion module (200), the hybrid energy storage system (300), and the health monitoring module (400) are all located inside the meter body (1); The watch body (1) is electrically connected to the watch strap (2), so that the biocurrent signal collected by the flexible bioelectrode array (100) can be transmitted to the energy harvesting and conversion module (200) and the health monitoring module (400) inside the watch body (1). The energy harvesting and conversion module (200) is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array (100) and is used to receive and amplify the biocurrent and convert it into DC power. The hybrid energy storage system (300) is electrically connected to the energy harvesting and conversion module (200) for storing the DC power and controlling the power supply to the functional modules of the smartwatch. The health monitoring module (400) is electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array (100) to receive the biocurrent and generate the user's physiological parameter information based on the biocurrent.

2. The smartwatch based on self-powered human bio-current according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an impedance matching adjustment unit (110), which is disposed inside the body (1) and electrically connected to the flexible bioelectrode array (100). It is used to monitor the contact impedance between the electrode and the skin, and dynamically adjust the transmission path of the signal collected by the flexible bioelectrode array (100) according to the monitoring results, so as to maintain stable collection of biocurrent.

3. The smartwatch based on self-powered human bio-current according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible bioelectrode array (100) includes multilayer graphene / hydrogel composite electrode.

4. The smartwatch based on self-powered human bio-current according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting and conversion module (200) includes: An ultra-low noise amplifier circuit (210) is used to amplify biocurrent signals into voltage signals; The rectifier circuit (220) is used to convert the amplified AC or pulsating signal into DC power.

5. The smartwatch based on self-powered human bio-current according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid energy storage system (300) includes a supercapacitor (310) and a rechargeable lithium battery (320). The smartwatch also includes a power management unit (330) for switching the power supply path according to the voltage state of the supercapacitor (310) and the rechargeable lithium battery (320).

6. The smartwatch based on self-powered human bio-current according to claim 1, characterized in that, The health monitoring module (400) includes: The electrocardiogram signal processing unit (410) is used to extract electrocardiogram signals from the acquired biocurrents and calculate heart rate and heart rate variability; The electromyography signal processing unit (420) is used to extract electromyography signals from the acquired biocurrents and analyze muscle activity status or fatigue level.

7. The energy management method for a smartwatch according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Data collection steps: Biocurrents generated on the human body surface are collected by a flexible bioelectrode array set on the inner surface of the watch strap. Conversion steps: The collected biocurrent is amplified and rectified to convert it into direct current energy; Storage step: The DC power is stored in a hybrid energy storage system located inside the meter body; Power supply steps: Monitor the energy storage of the hybrid energy storage system. When the energy storage is higher than the first threshold, power supply is activated to the high-power function module. When the energy storage is lower than the second threshold, power supply to the high-power function module is stopped, and only the low-power function module is maintained. Monitoring steps: Reuse the collected biocurrents to generate the user's physiological parameter information.

8. The energy management method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conversion step further includes: monitoring the contact impedance between the flexible bioelectrode and the skin in real time through an impedance matching adjustment unit set inside the body of the surface, and dynamically adjusting the transmission path of the electrode acquisition signal according to the monitoring results to maintain stable acquisition of biocurrent.

9. The energy management method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power supply step also includes: dynamically allocating power supply priorities based on the user's activity intensity or movement pattern, giving priority to powering the real-time clock and basic sensors.

10. The energy management method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring steps include: separating electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and electromyogram (EMG) signals from the same bioelectric current signal, and using them for heart rate monitoring and muscle activity analysis, respectively.

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