A piezoelectric, electromagnetic coupling vibration energy collection module and device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power detection technology, and in particular to a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module and device, comprising: a first housing; a piezoelectric vibrator disposed within the first housing for responding to vibration in a first direction and generating electrical energy; and an electromagnetic power generation component disposed within the first housing for responding to vibration in a second direction and generating electrical energy. The electromagnetic power generation component includes a coil and a permanent magnet assembly. By integrating the piezoelectric vibrator and the electromagnetic power generation component within the housing, it can simultaneously respond to vibration in the first and second directions and generate electrical energy through piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction respectively, thereby achieving synchronous capture and conversion of vibration energy in multiple directions and effectively overcoming the low efficiency of traditional single-direction energy harvesters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power detection technology, and in particular to a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module and device. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, high-altitude transmission lines serve as crucial hubs for energy transmission, and their safe and stable operation is of paramount importance. To achieve comprehensive real-time monitoring of transmission lines and promptly detect potential faults, a large number of low-power sensors are deployed on transmission lines to monitor operating parameters such as temperature, stress, vibration, and icing.

[0003] Currently, the aforementioned sensors are primarily powered by chemical batteries. However, chemical battery power supply has significant drawbacks in power transmission line applications: First, batteries have limited lifespan, while power transmission lines are often located in remote mountainous areas, uninhabited areas, and other areas with poor transportation access. Regularly replacing batteries consumes a large amount of manpower and resources, and is difficult to operate with high safety risks. Second, if discarded batteries are not disposed of properly, the heavy metals and other harmful substances they contain can pollute the environment.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, harnessing renewable energy from the power transmission line environment to power sensors has become a research hotspot. Vibration energy, a prevalent mechanical energy during power transmission line operation, originates from various factors such as wind-induced vibration, conductor galloping, and mechanical resonance. Collecting and converting this energy into electrical energy holds promise for enabling self-powered monitoring sensors.

[0005] Current vibration energy harvesting technologies still have many shortcomings. First, most energy harvesting devices can only capture vibration energy in a single direction, while the vibrations generated in actual operation of transmission lines are multi-directional, such as elliptical vibration trajectories dominated by the vertical direction and supplemented by the horizontal direction. Single-directional capture limits energy harvesting efficiency. Second, the aerobatic vibration frequencies of transmission lines are mostly concentrated in the low-frequency range of 5-50Hz. Within this frequency band, the output power of existing energy harvesting devices is often insufficient to meet the stable operation requirements of low-power sensors.

[0006] Therefore, developing an energy harvester that can efficiently collect multi-directional vibration energy and has good output performance in the low-frequency range is of great significance for solving the power supply problem of transmission line monitoring equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems of low single-direction acquisition efficiency and insufficient low-frequency power in the prior art.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved by the following technical solution: This invention proposes a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module, comprising, First shell; A piezoelectric vibrator, disposed within the first housing, is used to respond to vibrations in the first direction and generate electrical energy; as well as, An electromagnetic power generation component, disposed within the first housing, is used to generate electrical energy in response to vibrations in the second direction; The electromagnetic power generation component includes a coil and a permanent magnet assembly.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the permanent magnet group is composed of multiple permanent magnets arranged in a Halebeck array, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the piezoelectric vibrator includes a vibration beam and a piezoelectric sheet attached to the vibration beam.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the piezoelectric sheet is disposed on the side of the vibration beam.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the electromagnetic power generation component further includes an elastic support member, and one of the coil and the permanent magnet group is connected to the first housing through the elastic support member.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention, the elastic support is a planar spring.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the plurality of permanent magnets include a plurality of polyhedral permanent magnets arranged in an array.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module of the present invention: the piezoelectric vibrator has a first resonant frequency, the electromagnetic power generation component has a second resonant frequency, and the first resonant frequency is different from the second resonant frequency.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by integrating a piezoelectric vibrator and an electromagnetic power generation component within the housing, it can simultaneously respond to vibrations in the first and second directions and generate electrical energy through the piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction, respectively, thereby achieving synchronous capture and conversion of multi-directional vibration energy and effectively overcoming the shortcomings of low efficiency in traditional single-directional energy harvesters.

[0017] The present invention also proposes a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device, including the aforementioned piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module, wherein multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are provided, and the piezoelectric oscillators of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are set at different angles. It also includes a second housing for accommodating multiple piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting modules.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention: the elastic coefficients of the elastic support members of the plurality of piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are different.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by integrating multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules and setting the piezoelectric oscillators in each module to different angles, the device can have a high sensitivity response capability to vibration components in any direction in the horizontal plane, thereby further improving the capture range and collection efficiency of multi-directional vibration energy and making up for the blind spots that may exist in a single module due to its single sensitive direction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module is shown.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module is shown.

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first cross-sectional structure of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module is shown.

[0024] Figure 4 A second cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module is shown.

[0025] Figure 5 The diagram shows a third cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module.

[0026] Figure 6 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device is shown.

[0027] Figure 7 The topology of the permanent magnets and the direction of the magnetic field lines of the Hellbeck array are shown.

[0028] Figure 8 The magnetic field density distribution of the Hellbeck array in electromagnetic simulation is shown.

[0029] Figure 9 The diagram shows a planar structure of the elastic support component of a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module at three different frequencies.

[0030] Figure 10 The modal diagrams of the piezoelectric oscillator and electromagnetic power generation component of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module are shown.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. First shell; 11. Barrel body; 12. Top cover; 13. Bottom ring; 14. Base; 141. Socket; 15. Base plate; 2. Piezoelectric vibrator; 21. Vibration beam; 22. Piezoelectric sheet; 3. Electromagnetic power generation component; 31. Coil; 32. Permanent magnet assembly; 321. Permanent magnet; 322. Array base; 323. Mounting slot; 324. Counterweight; 34. Elastic support; 341. Connector; 4. Second shell. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0033] The terminology used in this invention is that which is currently widely used in the art in consideration of the function of the invention; however, these terms may vary according to the intent of those skilled in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Furthermore, specific terms may be chosen by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the invention. Therefore, the terms used in this specification should not be construed as simple names, but rather based on their meanings and the overall description of the invention.

[0034] Reference Figures 1-10 This embodiment provides a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module, including a first housing 1; wherein the first housing 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure for accommodating and protecting other components disposed inside it.

[0035] Preferably, the first housing 1 is made of an electromagnetic shielding material, such as aluminum or other magnetically conductive metal, which can shield against external electromagnetic interference and ensure the stability of the internal power generation process.

[0036] The piezoelectric vibrator 2 is disposed inside the first housing 1 and is used to respond to vibration in the first direction and generate electrical energy; In this embodiment, the first direction is horizontal. When external vibration is introduced, the piezoelectric vibrator 2 deforms due to the vibration, and mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy using the piezoelectric effect.

[0037] And, an electromagnetic power generation component 3, disposed within the first housing 1, is used to generate electrical energy in response to vibrations in the second direction; In this embodiment, the second direction is the vertical direction.

[0038] The electromagnetic power generation component 3 includes a coil 31 and a permanent magnet group 32, which is composed of multiple permanent magnets 321 arranged in a Heilbeck array.

[0039] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the array arrangement enables the working surface of the permanent magnet assembly 32, i.e. the side closest to the coil 31, to form a significantly enhanced and more uniform magnetic field distribution, thereby improving the electromagnetic conversion efficiency.

[0040] It should be noted that the permanent magnet assembly 32 is fixed by the array base 322, which is fixed at the end of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 and can act as a counterweight to increase the swing amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. In addition, the array base 322 is provided with mounting slots 323, which are used to install permanent magnets 321. Furthermore, a counterweight block 324 can be added to the base 322 to improve the power generation effect of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 by increasing the weight.

[0041] Preferably, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0042] In one feasible embodiment, the vibrating beam 21 of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 is horizontally positioned to make it most sensitive to horizontal vibrations; simultaneously, the coil 31 of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 and the permanent magnet assembly 32 are arranged vertically opposite each other to make them most sensitive to relative motion in the vertical direction. Since the wind vibration trajectory of transmission lines is typically an ellipse with the vertical direction as the primary direction and the horizontal direction as the secondary direction, adopting a mutually perpendicular sensitive direction layout allows the module to simultaneously and efficiently capture vibration energy in two orthogonal directions, significantly improving the overall energy harvesting efficiency.

[0043] The coil 31 and the permanent magnet assembly 32 have a preset distance between them.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 In the direction of relative motion between coil 31 and permanent magnet assembly 32, the two maintain a fixed gap distance when stationary. This preset gap is determined based on magnetic circuit simulation and experimental optimization. If the gap is too small, coil 31 may mechanically collide with permanent magnet assembly 32 during vibration; if the gap is too large, the air gap magnetic reluctance increases, the magnetic flux density decreases, and the electromagnetic induction output is affected. By setting a reasonable preset gap, both a safety margin for motion is ensured, and coil 31 is always within the strong magnetic field region of the working surface of permanent magnet assembly 32, thereby obtaining optimal electromagnetic output performance.

[0045] Preferably, the piezoelectric vibrator 2 includes a vibrating beam 21 and piezoelectric sheets 22 attached to the vibrating beam 21. Piezoelectric sheets 22 are provided on both sides of the vibrating beam 21, and the piezoelectric sheets 22 can be piezoelectric ceramics.

[0046] The piezoelectric element 22 is disposed on the side of the vibrating beam 21.

[0047] Please see Figure 2 As one implementation method, one or more piezoelectric sheets 22 can be attached to the side of the vibrating beam 21, and the multiple piezoelectric sheets 22 can be arranged in a superimposed manner.

[0048] By connecting the piezoelectric elements 22 in series or in parallel, electrical energy from different strain regions can be collected, further improving the piezoelectric output power.

[0049] It should be noted that the electromagnetic power generation component 3 also includes an elastic support 34, and one of the coil 31 and the permanent magnet assembly 32 is connected to the first housing 1 through the elastic support 34.

[0050] Preferably, the elastic support 34 is a planar spring.

[0051] Please see Figure 5 The planar spring has a helical disc structure and is formed by wire cutting or stamping from materials such as spring steel. The outer coil of the planar spring is fixed to the inner wall of the first housing 1, and a mass block, i.e., the connecting body 341, is located at the center of the inner coil. The coil 31 or the permanent magnet assembly 32 is fixed to this mass block. The planar spring has the characteristics of high radial stiffness and low axial stiffness, which can effectively constrain the moving parts to move only along the axial direction, while providing linear restoring force, thus forming a stable single-degree-of-freedom vibration system.

[0052] Figure 9 The image shows three different planar springs with different wire diameters or coil numbers, each corresponding to a different resonant frequency. These springs can be replaced according to the actual application scenario. Due to the different wire diameters or coil numbers, the vibration frequency will also change accordingly.

[0053] As an alternative embodiment: Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the center of the elastic support 34 is connected to the connecting body 341, and the connecting body 341 has an active space, which is the preset spacing mentioned above. The connecting body 341 serves as a counterweight structure, and the coil 31 is fixed on the elastic support 34. When subjected to vibration, the vibration will cause the connecting body 341 to drive the elastic support 34 to deform and shake, thereby causing the coil 31 and the permanent magnet assembly 32 to move relative to each other, cutting the magnetic field to generate current.

[0054] In addition, the permanent magnet assembly 32 is fixedly installed at the end of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. When subjected to vibration, the piezoelectric vibrator 2 will swing. The permanent magnet assembly 32 can play a certain counterweight role, increasing the swing amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 caused by vibration, thereby improving the vibration effect. The swing of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 will also cause the permanent magnet assembly 32 and the coil 31 to generate relative motion, cutting the magnetic field to generate current.

[0055] In another alternative embodiment: the center of the elastic support 34 is connected to the permanent magnet assembly 32, which can act as a counterweight to amplify the degree of deformation of the elastic support 34 caused by vibration. The coil 31 is located at the end of the piezoelectric vibrator 2. When subjected to vibration, it generates electricity through the swing of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 and the relative movement of the coil 31 and the permanent magnet assembly 32.

[0056] As an alternative embodiment: the plurality of permanent magnets 321 include a plurality of polyhedral permanent magnets arranged in an array.

[0057] It should be noted that the piezoelectric vibrator 2 has a first resonant frequency, and the electromagnetic power generation component 3 has a second resonant frequency. The first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency are different.

[0058] The piezoelectric vibrator 2 can be used as a power generation unit, and the electromagnetic power generation component 3 can be used as a second power generation unit. By controlling the resonant frequency of the two power generation units, the frequency range used for power generation can be increased, thereby improving adaptability.

[0059] For example, by designing the size, material, and mass distribution of the piezoelectric vibrator 2, and the stiffness and mass size of the elastic support 34 in the electromagnetic power generation component 3, the two components can have different natural frequencies. For instance, the first resonant frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator 2 is designed to be approximately 25Hz, and the second resonant frequency of the electromagnetic power generation component 3 is designed to be approximately 37Hz. When the external vibration frequency varies within the range of 5~50Hz, the two units will not deviate from their resonant peaks simultaneously, and one unit will always be in a relatively high response state. The two distinct resonant frequencies together broaden the efficient operating bandwidth of the overall collector, enabling it to maintain a high total output power even in a wide-bandwidth low-frequency vibration environment.

[0060] Specifically, the first housing 1 includes a hollow barrel 11 and a top cover 12 located at the top of the barrel 11. The top cover 12 is connected to the barrel 11 by bolts. It also includes a bottom ring 13 located at the bottom of the barrel 11. The bottom ring 13 has a hollow structure and a bottom plate 15 is provided at the bottom of the bottom ring 13. The bottom ring 13 and the bottom plate 15 are connected by several bolts. A base 14 is sandwiched between the bottom ring 13 and the bottom plate 15. The base 14 is provided with a socket 141. The socket 141 extends upward through the opening of the bottom ring 13 and is used to fix the piezoelectric vibrator 2.

[0061] Reference Figure 10 Figure a shows the optimal vibration mode of the vibrating beam 21, located at 25.2 Hz. Figures b, c, and d show the optimal vibration mode after replacement with... Figure 9 The optimal modal diagrams of the electromagnetic unit with three planar springs are shown in Figure b, where the optimal vibration mode frequency is 13.4 Hz, in Figure c, the optimal vibration mode frequency is 31.6 Hz, and in Figure d, the optimal vibration mode frequency is 49 Hz.

[0062] Reference Figures 1-10 The present invention also proposes a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device, including a piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module, wherein multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are provided, and the piezoelectric oscillators 2 of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are set at different angles. It also includes a second housing 4, which is used to house multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules. Specifically, the second housing 4 has a hollow cylindrical structure to house and protect other components installed inside it.

[0063] As an optional embodiment, the second housing 4 is made of an electromagnetic shielding material, such as aluminum or other magnetically conductive metals, which can shield against external electromagnetic interference and ensure the stability of the internal power generation process.

[0064] Preferably, the first housing 1 and the second housing 4 are made of aluminum or other metal materials with good electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability through machining or casting. Aluminum has the dual advantages of being lightweight and providing electromagnetic shielding. When there is strong external electromagnetic interference, such as the power frequency electric field around transmission lines or wireless communication signals, the first housing 1 and the second housing 4, acting as Faraday cages, can effectively attenuate the electromagnetic noise entering the housing, prevent interference voltage from being induced in the coil 31, and ensure the purity and stability of the output power. At the same time, the metal housing can also prevent the magnetic field of the internal permanent magnet assembly 32 from adversely affecting sensitive external equipment.

[0065] By setting two or more piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules inside the second housing 4, as referenced Figure 6 As shown, the piezoelectric oscillator 2 of different piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules is set at different angles, which can further enhance the induction of different vibration directions and improve the power generation effect.

[0066] Preferably, the elastic coefficients of the elastic support members 34 of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are different. By changing the wire diameter or the number of coils of the elastic support members 34 of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules, their elastic coefficients are changed so that they correspond to different resonant frequencies. This can further improve the frequency coverage of a single piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device and enhance its power generation stability.

[0067] In summary, the operating frequency of this collection device can cover 5~50 Hz, which is within the vibration frequency range of power transmission lines. The composite output power can stably drive the line monitoring sensor, making it suitable for self-powered scenarios of high-altitude power transmission lines.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are merely embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting module, characterized by: include, First shell (1); A piezoelectric vibrator (2) is disposed inside the first housing (1) and is used to respond to vibration in the first direction and generate electrical energy; as well as, An electromagnetic power generation component (3) is disposed inside the first housing (1) and is used to generate electrical energy in response to vibrations in the second direction; The electromagnetic power generation component (3) includes a coil (31) and a permanent magnet assembly (32).

2. The piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting module of claim 1, wherein: The permanent magnet group (32) is composed of multiple permanent magnets (321) arranged in a Heilbeck array, with the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to each other.

3. The piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting module of claim 1, wherein: The piezoelectric vibrator (2) includes a vibrating beam (21) and a piezoelectric sheet (22) attached to the vibrating beam (21).

4. The piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting module of claim 3, wherein: The piezoelectric sheet (22) is disposed on the side of the vibrating beam (21).

5. The piezoelectric, electromagnetically coupled vibration energy harvesting module of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The electromagnetic power generation component (3) also includes an elastic support (34), one of the coil (31) and the permanent magnet assembly (32) is connected to the first housing (1) through the elastic support (34).

6. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic support (34) is a planar spring.

7. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of permanent magnets (321) include a plurality of polyhedral permanent magnets arranged in an array.

8. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 7, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibrator (2) has a first resonant frequency, and the electromagnetic power generation component (3) has a second resonant frequency. The first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency are different.

9. A piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device, comprising the piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting module as described in claim 5, 6, 7, or 8, characterized in that: Multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupled vibration energy harvesting modules are provided, and the piezoelectric oscillators (2) of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupled vibration energy harvesting modules are set at different angles; It also includes a second housing (4) for accommodating multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules.

10. The piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The elastic coefficients of the elastic support members (34) of the multiple piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling vibration energy harvesting modules are different.

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