Photovoltaic panel cleaning device

Abstract

This invention relates to a photovoltaic panel cleaning device, belonging to the field of photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance technology. It includes a photovoltaic panel, a cleaning mechanism, and a water recycling mechanism. The cleaning mechanism includes a mounting base, clamping and fixing components, a drive unit, a transmission unit, a moving base, cleaning components, and a water spraying component. The drive unit, via the transmission unit, drives the moving base and cleaning components to move reciprocally, coordinating with the water spraying component to achieve automated cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface. The water recycling mechanism includes a collection tank, a pre-filter, a water storage tank, a multi-stage filter box, and a delivery pump. The collection tank is located below the photovoltaic panel to collect cleaning wastewater and rainwater. The inlet of the delivery pump is connected to the collection tank or water storage tank via a reversing valve, and the outlet is connected to the multi-stage filter box or water spraying component via a reversing valve, forming a closed-loop water circulation system. This invention achieves the collection, purification, and recycling of cleaning wastewater and natural rainwater, significantly saving water resources, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and exhibiting a high degree of intelligence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic equipment technology, and specifically to a photovoltaic panel cleaning device. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic panel cleaning equipment is a specialized device used in the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants to clean dust, stains, fallen leaves and other obstructions adhering to the surface of photovoltaic panels. It is a core operation and maintenance equipment to ensure the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels and maintain the stable power generation output of photovoltaic power plants. It is widely applicable to various photovoltaic application scenarios such as centralized ground photovoltaic power plants and distributed rooftop photovoltaic power plants.

[0003] Currently, photovoltaic panel cleaning devices in the photovoltaic industry have formed a variety of technical routes and product forms. The mainstream solutions cover a variety of types such as high-pressure water flushing, roller brush cleaning, and automatic walking. Most cleaning devices integrate drive mechanisms, cleaning execution mechanisms and water supply systems, which can realize automated or semi-automated cleaning operations for photovoltaic panels, and have become an important part of the operation and maintenance of photovoltaic power plants throughout their entire life cycle.

[0004] However, existing photovoltaic panel cleaning devices generally suffer from low water resource utilization efficiency in practical applications. The cleaning process consumes a large amount of water, and the wastewater generated afterward is mostly discharged directly, failing to achieve closed-loop water recycling and resulting in serious water waste. Simultaneously, photovoltaic power stations are mostly located in open outdoor environments, where natural rainwater resources are not effectively collected, purified, and reused. Rainwater cannot be converted into clean water to supplement the cleaning process, further exacerbating water consumption and increasing the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power stations. This hinders the promotion and application of cleaning devices in water-scarce areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic panel cleaning device to solve the problems of non-recyclable cleaning wastewater, ineffective collection and reuse of natural rainwater, and high consumption of cleaning water in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A photovoltaic panel cleaning device includes a photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: a cleaning mechanism and a water recycling mechanism are provided on the outside of the photovoltaic panel; The cleaning mechanism includes a mounting base, a clamping and fixing assembly, a drive unit, a transmission unit, a moving base, a cleaning component, and a water spray component; The mounting base is located at the top edge of the photovoltaic panel and is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel via a clamping and fixing component; The drive unit is fixed on the mounting base, and its output end is connected to the movable seat through the transmission unit. The movable seat is slidably mounted on the mounting base. The cleaning component is fixed on the movable base and contacts the top surface of the photovoltaic panel; The water spray component is fixed on the mounting base, and its outlet is set facing the top surface of the photovoltaic panel; The water recycling mechanism includes a collection tank, a pre-filter, a water storage tank, a multi-stage filter box, and a delivery pump; The collection tank is located below the photovoltaic panel and is used to collect cleaning wastewater and rainwater, with the pre-filter inside it; The multi-stage filter box is connected to the water storage tank; The inlet of the delivery pump is connected to the collection tank or water storage tank through a reversing valve one, and the outlet of the delivery pump is connected to the multi-stage filter box or water spray device through a reversing valve two.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the drive unit of the cleaning mechanism drives the moving seat and cleaning components to move back and forth via the transmission unit, and in conjunction with the water spraying components, achieves automated cleaning of the photovoltaic panel surface; at the same time, the collection tank of the water recycling mechanism collects cleaning wastewater and natural rainwater, which, after being initially intercepted by the pre-filter, is sent by the delivery pump through the reversing valve to the multi-stage filter box for purification, and finally stored in the water storage tank for reuse in cleaning, forming a closed-loop water cycle, thereby significantly saving water resources and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0008] Furthermore, the mounting base includes a drive plate, and the two ends of the drive plate are provided with two parallel sliding plates; The drive plate is attached to the top edge of the photovoltaic panel; The two sliding plates are fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate and respectively attached to the top edges of the left and right sides of the photovoltaic panel.

[0009] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are as follows: the drive plate and two parallel sliding plates form a gantry-type mounting base. The sliding plates fit against the two sides of the photovoltaic panel to form a straight guide, ensuring that the moving seat slides smoothly along the surface of the photovoltaic panel, significantly improving the straightness and repeatability of the cleaning trajectory. At the same time, the gantry structure can enhance the overall rigidity, effectively suppress vibration offset under high-speed reciprocating motion, and ensure that the cleaning parts are always in close contact with the panel surface, avoiding missed cleaning or overlap, further ensuring the uniformity of cleaning and the long-term operational stability of the system.

[0010] Furthermore, the clamping and fixing assembly includes two sets of fixing members; Each fastener assembly includes two fasteners, and the two fasteners in the two fastener assemblies are respectively fixed to the bottom of the two sliding plates; Each of the aforementioned fasteners includes an L-shaped clamping plate, the top of the vertical section of the L-shaped clamping plate being fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate, and the horizontal section of the L-shaped clamping plate being threadedly connected to the threaded rod. A knob is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod, and a clamping plate is rotatably connected to the top of the threaded rod; A rubber pad is fixedly connected to the top of the clamping and fixing plate, and the rubber pad is in contact with the bottom outer surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0011] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: by utilizing the threaded engagement between the threaded rod and the horizontal section of the L-shaped clamping plate, rotating the knob can drive the clamping plate to rise and press against the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, achieving non-destructive clamping; the rubber pad increases friction and buffers pressure, and throughout the process, it can be firmly installed without drilling, avoiding damage to the panel surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the drive unit includes a drive motor, which is electrically connected to an external controller; The transmission unit includes lead screws that are rotatably connected to the interiors of two sliding plates respectively; The transmission unit also includes a transmission wheel one for transmission connection with the output shaft of the drive motor, and transmission wheels two and three for transmission connection with the top ends of two lead screws respectively. The first drive wheel, the second drive wheel, and the third drive wheel are all connected by a drive belt.

[0013] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that after the drive motor drives the first transmission wheel to rotate, it drives the second and third transmission wheels to rotate synchronously through the transmission belt, thereby driving the two lead screws to rotate synchronously, thus realizing synchronous drive of a single power source.

[0014] Furthermore, the movable seat includes two connecting plates, which are slidably engaged with two sliding plates respectively; The top of each sliding plate is provided with a strip groove, and the bottom of the connecting plate passes through the strip groove and is threadedly connected to the lead screw inside the sliding plate. The cleaning components include a cleaning plate and a cleaning brush; The cleaning plate is fixedly connected to two connecting plates at both ends, and the cleaning brush is fixed to the side of the cleaning plate near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel, with the cleaning brush in contact with the top surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are as follows: The connecting plate and the lead screw are threaded together, converting the rotational motion of the lead screw into linear motion; the cleaning brush is in contact with the top surface of the photovoltaic panel, and removes stains through friction during movement, thus achieving full-coverage brushing in principle. The structure is simple and the cleaning effect is good. Since the two lead screws rotate synchronously under the drive of a single power source, the moving speed of the connecting plates on both sides is always consistent, which can effectively prevent the cleaning plate from jamming or uneven wear, and ensure a smooth and accurate cleaning trajectory. The cleaning brush is in contact with the top surface of the photovoltaic panel, and removes stains through friction during movement, thus achieving full-coverage brushing in principle. The structure is simple and the cleaning effect is good.

[0016] Furthermore, the water spraying component includes a water spraying plate, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate and located between two sliding plates. The bottom of the water spraying plate is provided with multiple water spray nozzles, which are arranged at an angle toward the top surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the water spray nozzles on the water spray plate use the impact force of water flow to wet and wash away the stains on the top surface of the photovoltaic panel, and combined with the mechanical scrubbing of the cleaning brush, not only is the cleaning efficiency improved, but the cleaning effect is also improved.

[0018] Furthermore, the first reversing valve is a three-way valve, and the second reversing valve is a three-way valve. The two inlets of the three-way valve are connected to the outlets of the collection tank and the storage tank through the first and second pumping pipes (312), respectively. The outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the delivery pump. The inlet of the three-way valve 2 is connected to the outlet of the delivery pump, and the two outlets of the three-way valve 2 are respectively connected to the inlet of the multi-stage filter box and the spray element through the first water supply pipe and the second water supply pipe.

[0019] The outlet of the multi-stage filter box is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are: by switching the water path through three-way valve one and three-way valve two, a single delivery pump can be reused in a time-sharing manner: one path pumps water from the water storage tank to the spray nozzle for cleaning, and the other path pumps water from the collection tank to the multi-stage filter box for purification. In principle, the water supply and recycling purification share the same power source, simplifying the system and reducing costs.

[0021] Furthermore, both the three-way valve one and the three-way valve two are electric three-way valves, and the delivery pump, the three-way valve one, and the three-way valve two are all electrically connected to an external controller.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the electric three-way valve is electrically connected to an external controller, and the controller controls the valve opening and closing and the motor starting and stopping through the program. It can also automatically switch cleaning modes (such as fast cleaning, deep cleaning, and extreme water-saving mode). For example, it can dynamically adjust the water spray volume and brushing frequency according to real-time weather data—automatically suspend cleaning on rainy days and trigger the deep cleaning mode after a sandstorm, thus realizing unmanned intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0023] Furthermore, the length of the collection tank is the same as the length of the photovoltaic panel, and it is located directly below the bottom of the photovoltaic panel; the pre-filter is a filter screen that is movably inserted into the collection tank, and the filter screen is located above the outlet of the collection tank.

[0024] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the length of the collection tank is the same as that of the photovoltaic panel and it is located directly below it, which can ensure that all the water flowing down the panel surface falls into the tank and ensure that there is no leakage for recycling; the movable and pluggable filter screen is easy to remove and clean regularly; the filter screen is located above the water outlet, which ensures that the water flowing out of the collection tank must be intercepted by the filter screen before entering the multi-stage filtration box, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the purification process.

[0025] Furthermore, the multi-stage filter box contains, from bottom to top, a first filter plate, a second filter plate, and a third filter plate that are movably inserted into it. The first filter plate is a PP cotton melt-blown filter plate, the second filter plate is an activated carbon filter plate, and the third filter plate is a quartz sand filter plate, with the filtration precision of the three decreasing sequentially. The outlet of the multi-stage filter box is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank; The inlet of the multi-stage filter box is located above the third filter plate, and the outlet of the multi-stage filter box is located below the first filter plate.

[0026] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are as follows: the water entering the multi-stage filtration box from the collection tank flows from top to bottom through the third filter plate for coarse filtration with quartz sand, the second filter plate for medium filtration with activated carbon, and the first filter plate for fine filtration with PP cotton. The third filter plate, the second filter plate, and the first filter plate respectively utilize the adsorption and interception characteristics of different media to remove large suspended solids, organic matter, colloids, and micro particles in sequence, ensuring that the effluent water quality meets the cleaning requirements and extending the service life of the filtration system. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the cleaning mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cleaning mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of part A in the diagram; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fastener in the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part B in the diagram.

[0028] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Photovoltaic panel; 2. Cleaning mechanism; 201. Drive plate; 202. Fixing component; 2021. L-shaped clamping plate; 2022. Threaded rod; 2023. Knob; 2024. Clamping fixing plate; 2025. Rubber gasket; 203. Sliding plate; 204. Drive motor; 205. Transmission wheel; 206. Transmission belt; 207. Lead screw; 208. Strip groove; 209. Connecting plate; 210. Cleaning plate; 211. Cleaning brush; 212 1. Spray plate; 3. Water recycling mechanism; 301. Collection tank; 302. Pre-filter; 303. Water storage tank; 304. Multi-stage filter box; 305. First filter plate; 306. Second filter plate; 307. Third filter plate; 308. Equipment box; 309. Transfer pump; 310. Three-way valve one; 311. First water pumping pipe; 312. Second water pumping pipe; 313. Three-way valve two; 314. First water delivery pipe; 315. Second water delivery pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic panel cleaning device, including a photovoltaic panel 1, and a cleaning mechanism 2 and a water recycling mechanism 3 are provided on the outside of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0031] The cleaning mechanism 2 includes a mounting base, a clamping and fixing assembly, a drive unit, a transmission unit, a movable base, a cleaning component, and a water spray component. The mounting base is located at the top edge of the photovoltaic panel 1 and is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel 1 via the clamping and fixing assembly. The drive unit is fixed to the mounting base, and its output end is connected to the movable base via the transmission unit. The movable base is slidably mounted on the mounting base. The cleaning component is fixed to the movable base and contacts the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. The water spray component is fixed to the mounting base, and its outlet faces the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0032] Specifically, the mounting base includes a drive plate 201, with two parallel sliding plates 203 at both ends. The drive plate 201 is fitted against the top edge of the photovoltaic panel 1; the two sliding plates 203 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate 201 and respectively fitted against the top edges of the left and right sides of the photovoltaic panel 1. The drive plate 201 and the two parallel sliding plates 203 form a gantry-type mounting base. The sliding plates 203 fit against the sides of the photovoltaic panel 1 to form a straight guide, ensuring that the moving base slides smoothly along the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

[0033] The clamping and fixing assembly includes two sets of fixing members 202, each set of fixing members 202 including two members, and two members 202 of the two sets of fixing members 202 are respectively fixed to the bottom of two sliding plates 203. Each fixing member 202 includes an L-shaped clamping plate 2021, the top of the vertical section of the L-shaped clamping plate 2021 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate 203, and the horizontal section of the L-shaped clamping plate 2021 is threadedly connected to a threaded rod 2022. A knob 2023 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod 2022, and a clamping and fixing plate 2024 is rotatably connected to the top of the threaded rod 2022. A rubber gasket 2025 is fixedly connected to the top of the clamping and fixing plate 2024, and the rubber gasket 2025 is in contact with the bottom outer surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0034] During installation, place the drive plate 201 on the top edge of the photovoltaic panel 1, and make the sliding plates 203 on both sides fit against the left and right edges of the photovoltaic panel 1 respectively. Rotate the knobs 2023 of each fixing component 202, the threaded rod 2022 rotates and pushes the clamping fixing plate 2024 upward, so that the rubber gasket 2025 is tightly pressed against the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, thereby fixing the entire cleaning mechanism 2 to the photovoltaic panel 1 without damage and firmly.

[0035] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, the drive unit in this embodiment includes a drive motor 204, which is electrically connected to an external controller. The transmission unit includes lead screws 207 rotatably connected to the interiors of two sliding plates 203, and a first transmission wheel for transmission connection to the output shaft of the drive motor 204, and a second and third transmission wheel for transmission connection to the top ends of the two lead screws 207, respectively. The first, second, and third transmission wheels are all connected by a transmission belt 206.

[0036] The movable base includes two connecting plates 209, which are slidably engaged with two sliding plates 203. Each sliding plate 203 has a strip-shaped groove 208 at its top, and the bottom of the connecting plate 209 passes through the strip-shaped groove 208 and is threadedly connected to a lead screw 207 inside the sliding plate 203. The cleaning component includes a cleaning plate 210 and a cleaning brush 211. Both ends of the cleaning plate 210 are fixedly connected to the two connecting plates 209, and the cleaning brush 211 is fixed to the side of the cleaning plate 210 near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, with the cleaning brush 211 adhering to the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0037] The water spraying component includes a water spraying plate 212, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate 201 and located between two sliding plates 203. The bottom of the water spraying plate 212 is provided with multiple water spray nozzles, which are arranged at an angle toward the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0038] During routine cleaning, the external controller first starts the delivery pump 309 and adjusts the reversing valve to spray high-pressure water from the water tank 303 onto the photovoltaic panel 1 through the spray nozzles of the spray plate 212, completing the soaking and initial rinsing of stains. Then, the drive motor 204 starts, driving the first transmission wheel to rotate, which in turn drives the second and third transmission wheels to rotate synchronously via the transmission belt 206, thereby driving the two lead screws 207 to rotate synchronously. The rotational motion of the lead screws 207 is converted into linear motion of the connecting plate 209, which in turn drives the cleaning plate 210 to move at a constant speed along the strip groove 208. During this movement, the cleaning brush 211 fully covers and scrubs the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, combined with continuous water rinsing, thoroughly removing accumulated dust and stains. After cleaning, the drive motor 204 rotates in the opposite direction, returning the cleaning plate 210 to its initial position, and the delivery pump 309 stops operating.

[0039] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 2, the water recycling mechanism 3 in this embodiment includes a collection tank 301, a pre-filter 302, a water storage tank 303, a multi-stage filter box 304, and a delivery pump 309. The collection tank 301 is located below the photovoltaic panel 1 and is used to collect cleaning wastewater and rainwater. The pre-filter 302 is located inside the collection tank. The multi-stage filter box 304 is connected to the water storage tank 303. The inlet of the delivery pump 309 is connected to the collection tank 301 or the water storage tank 303 via a reversing valve, and the outlet of the delivery pump 309 is connected to the multi-stage filter box 304 or a water spray component via a reversing valve.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first reversing valve is a three-way valve 310, and the second reversing valve is a three-way valve 313. The two inlets of the first three-way valve 310 are connected to the outlets of the collection tank 301 and the storage tank 303 respectively via a first suction pipe 311 and a second suction pipe 312. The outlet of the first three-way valve 310 is connected to the inlet of the delivery pump 309. The inlet of the second three-way valve 313 is connected to the outlet of the delivery pump 309, and the two outlets of the second three-way valve 313 are connected to the inlet of the multi-stage filter box 304 and the spray nozzle respectively via a first water supply pipe 314 and a second water supply pipe 315. The outlet of the multi-stage filter box 304 is connected to the inlet of the storage tank 303.

[0041] The length of the collection tank 301 is the same as the length of the photovoltaic panel 1, and it is located directly below the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1, ensuring that all wastewater flowing down from the surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 during cleaning, as well as natural rainwater collected by the photovoltaic panel 1 during rainfall, can completely fall into the collection tank 301. The pre-filter 302 is a filter screen plate that is movably inserted into the collection tank 301. This filter screen plate is located above the outlet of the collection tank 301 and is used to intercept large particulate impurities such as sand, gravel, and fallen leaves in the water, preventing subsequent pipes and filter plates from becoming clogged.

[0042] The multi-stage filter box 304 contains, from bottom to top, a first filter plate 305, a second filter plate 306, and a third filter plate 307, which are movably inserted into each other. The first filter plate 305 is a PP cotton melt-blown filter plate, the second filter plate 306 is an activated carbon filter plate, and the third filter plate 307 is a quartz sand filter plate. The filtration accuracy of the three plates decreases sequentially, with the quartz sand filter plate having the lowest accuracy and the PP cotton filter plate having the highest accuracy. The inlet of the multi-stage filter box 304 is located above the third filter plate 307, and the outlet of the multi-stage filter box 304 is located below the first filter plate 305, so that water flows from top to bottom through the three filter media: quartz sand, activated carbon, and PP cotton.

[0043] Example 4 Based on Example 3, in this example, the three-way valve 310 and the three-way valve 313 are both electric three-way valves, and the drive motor 204, the delivery pump 309, the three-way valve 310 and the three-way valve 313 are all electrically connected to an external controller.

[0044] When it is necessary to recycle purified wastewater or rainwater, the external controller adjusts the connection state of the three-way valve 310 to connect the first pumping pipe 311 to the inlet of the delivery pump 309, and simultaneously adjusts the connection state of the three-way valve 313 to connect the first delivery pipe 314 to the outlet of the delivery pump 309. The delivery pump 309 is then started, and the water in the collection tank 301, after preliminary filtration by the pre-filter 302, sequentially flows through the first pumping pipe 311, three-way valve 310, delivery pump 309, three-way valve 313, and the first delivery pipe 314 into the multi-stage filter box 304. Water flows sequentially from top to bottom through the third filter plate 307 (quartz sand, removing large suspended particles), the second filter plate 306 (activated carbon, adsorbing organic matter and residual chlorine), and the first filter plate 305 (PP cotton, intercepting fine particles) within the multi-stage filtration box 304. After deep purification, the clean water flows from the bottom outlet of the multi-stage filtration box 304 into the storage tank 303 for storage, serving as the water source for subsequent cleaning operations. This forms a fully closed-loop water circulation system of "water supply-cleaning-recycling-purification-resupply".

[0045] Automated collaborative operation under different working conditions can be achieved through preset programs on an external controller: Quick cleaning mode (suitable for light dust accumulation): The controller first starts the delivery pump 309, adjusts the valve to make the water in the water tank 303 spray through the spray plate 212 for a short time, and then starts the drive motor 204 to drive the cleaning plate 210 to complete a single brushing, shortening the cleaning time and reducing the water consumption of a single operation.

[0046] Deep cleaning mode (suitable for heavy dust and stubborn stains): The controller controls the water spray plate 212 to continuously supply water to wet the plate surface, while simultaneously controlling the drive motor 204 to rotate alternately in both directions, driving the cleaning plate 210 to repeatedly scrub along the plate surface. Combined with continuous water rinsing, stubborn stains are thoroughly removed. During operation, the controller monitors the equipment's operating status in real time and immediately stops the machine and issues a warning if any abnormality occurs.

[0047] Extreme water-saving mode (suitable for water-scarce areas): While cleaning, the controller simultaneously starts the water recycling program. Through time-sharing reuse of the delivery pump 309 or the use of dual-path alternating control, the wastewater collected in the collection tank 301 is simultaneously pumped into the multi-stage filter box 304 for purification. The purified water is then replenished to the storage tank 303 in real time, realizing the real-time recycling, purification and reuse of wastewater, maximizing the utilization rate of water resources.

[0048] In addition, the controller can dynamically adjust the cleaning strategy based on real-time weather data: automatically suspend cleaning operations on rainy days and automatically trigger deep cleaning mode after sandstorms, truly achieving unmanned intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0049] Example 5 Based on Example 4, the cleaning brush 211 in this example is a soft nylon brush with a length consistent with the width of the photovoltaic panel 1, ensuring that the entire panel surface can be covered in a single stroke. The water spray nozzles at the bottom of the water spray plate 212 are inclined towards the top surface of the photovoltaic panel 1, with an angle preferably between 30° and 60° to achieve the best impact and rinsing effect. The first filter plate 305, the second filter plate 306, and the third filter plate 307 are all movable plug-in structures, facilitating periodic removal for cleaning or replacement. The rubber gasket 2025 is made of weather-resistant elastic rubber material, providing sufficient friction to prevent slippage and buffering clamping pressure to protect the glass surface of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel cleaning device, comprising a photovoltaic panel (1), characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (1) is equipped with a cleaning mechanism (2) and a water recycling mechanism (3) on its exterior. The cleaning mechanism (2) includes a mounting base, a clamping and fixing assembly, a drive unit, a transmission unit, a moving base, a cleaning component, and a water spray component; The mounting base is located on the top edge of the photovoltaic panel (1) and is detachably connected to the photovoltaic panel (1) via a clamping and fixing component; The drive unit is fixed on the mounting base, and its output end is connected to the movable seat through the transmission unit. The movable seat is slidably mounted on the mounting base. The cleaning component is fixed on the movable base and contacts the top surface of the photovoltaic panel (1); The water spray component is fixed on the mounting base, and its outlet is set facing the top surface of the photovoltaic panel (1); The water recycling mechanism (3) includes a collection tank (301), a pre-filter (302), a water storage tank (303), a multi-stage filter box (304), and a delivery pump (309). The collection tank (301) is located below the photovoltaic panel (1) and is used to collect cleaning wastewater and rainwater. The pre-filter (302) is located inside it. The multi-stage filter box (304) is connected to the water storage tank (303); The inlet of the delivery pump (309) is connected to the collection tank (301) or the water storage tank (303) through a reversing valve one, and the outlet of the delivery pump (309) is connected to the multi-stage filter box (304) or the water spraying component through a reversing valve two.

2. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base includes a drive plate (201), and two parallel sliding plates (203) are provided at both ends of the drive plate (201). The drive plate (201) is attached to the top edge of the photovoltaic panel (1); The two sliding plates (203) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate (201) and respectively attached to the top edges of the left and right sides of the photovoltaic panel (1).

3. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping and fixing assembly includes two sets of fixing members; Each fastener assembly includes two fasteners (202), and the two fasteners (202) in the two fastener assemblies are respectively fixed to the bottom of the two sliding plates (203); Each of the aforementioned fasteners (202) includes an L-shaped clamping plate (2021), the top of the vertical section of the L-shaped clamping plate (2021) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding plate (203), and the horizontal section of the L-shaped clamping plate (2021) is threadedly connected to the threaded rod (2022). A knob (2023) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod (2022), and a clamping plate (2024) is rotatably connected to the top of the threaded rod (2022). A rubber pad (2025) is fixedly connected to the top of the clamping and fixing plate (2024), and the rubber pad (2025) is attached to the bottom outer surface of the photovoltaic panel (1).

4. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive unit includes a drive motor (204), which is electrically connected to an external controller; The transmission unit includes lead screws (207) that are rotatably connected to the interiors of two sliding plates (203). The transmission unit also includes a transmission wheel one for transmission connection with the output shaft of the drive motor (204) and a transmission wheel two and a transmission wheel three for transmission connection with the top ends of the two lead screws (207) respectively; The first, second, and third transmission wheels are all connected by a transmission belt (206).

5. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable seat includes two connecting plates (209), which are slidably engaged with two sliding plates (203) respectively; The top of each sliding plate (203) is provided with a strip groove (208), and the bottom of the connecting plate (209) passes through the strip groove (208) and is threadedly connected to the lead screw (207) inside the sliding plate (203). The cleaning components include a cleaning plate (210) and a cleaning brush (211). The cleaning plate (210) is fixedly connected to two connecting plates (209) at both ends. The cleaning brush (211) is fixed on the side of the cleaning plate (210) near the top surface of the photovoltaic panel (1). The cleaning brush (211) is in contact with the top surface of the photovoltaic panel (1).

6. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water spraying component includes a water spraying plate (212), which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive plate (201) and located between two sliding plates (203). The bottom of the water spraying plate (212) is provided with multiple water spray nozzles, which are arranged at an angle toward the top surface of the photovoltaic panel (1).

7. The photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first reversing valve is a three-way valve (310), and the second reversing valve is a three-way valve (313). The two inlets of the three-way valve (310) are connected to the outlets of the collection tank (301) and the storage tank (303) through the first pumping pipe (311) and the second pumping pipe (312), respectively. The outlet of the three-way valve (310) is connected to the inlet of the delivery pump (309). The inlet of the three-way valve (313) is connected to the outlet of the delivery pump (309), and the two outlets of the three-way valve (313) are connected to the inlet of the multi-stage filter box (304) and the spray element through the first water supply pipe (314) and the second water supply pipe (315), respectively. The outlet of the multi-stage filter box (304) is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank (303).

8. A photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the three-way valve one (310) and the three-way valve two (313) are electric three-way valves, and the delivery pump (309), the three-way valve one (310), and the three-way valve two (313) are all electrically connected to an external controller.

9. A photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length of the collection tank (301) is the same as the length of the photovoltaic panel (1) and is located directly below the bottom of the photovoltaic panel (1); the pre-filter (302) is a filter screen that is movably inserted into the collection tank (301) and is located above the outlet of the collection tank (301).

10. A photovoltaic panel cleaning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multi-stage filter box (304) has a first filter plate (305), a second filter plate (306) and a third filter plate (307) that are movably inserted from bottom to top inside. The first filter plate (305) is a PP cotton melt-blown filter plate, the second filter plate (306) is an activated carbon filter plate, and the third filter plate (307) is a quartz sand filter plate, with the filtration precision of the three decreasing sequentially. The outlet of the multi-stage filter box (304) is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank (303); The inlet of the multi-stage filter box (304) is located above the third filter plate (307), and the outlet of the multi-stage filter box (304) is located below the first filter plate (305).

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