Short distance communication method, apparatus, device and short distance communication tag

Abstract

This specification provides a short-range communication method, apparatus, device, and short-range communication tag. The scheme includes: a slave device in a first mode acquiring a radio frequency field signal transmitted by a master device; if the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switches to a second mode; the slave device in the second mode feeds back short-range communication data to the master device; wherein, within a preset operating resonant frequency range, a first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than a second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; and a second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than a first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to one or more embodiments in the field of short-range communication technology, and particularly to a method for short-range communication. This specification also relates to a short-range communication apparatus, a computing device, a short-range communication tag, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of short-range communication technology, it has been widely used in mobile payment, asset tracking, and smart access control due to its advantages of being contactless and low-cost. In short-range communication systems, the operating energy of the short-range communication tag comes from the radio frequency field emitted by the reader. How to efficiently utilize the energy provided by the reader while ensuring communication quality is a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a short-range communication method, apparatus, device, and short-range communication tag to improve the energy transmission efficiency and communication performance of the short-range communication tag.

[0004] According to a first aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a method for short-range communication is provided, comprising: In the first mode, the slave device acquires the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device; If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switches to the second mode; The slave device in the second mode feeds back short-range communication data to the master device; Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

[0005] According to a second aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a short-range communication tag is provided, including a tag chip, a switch module, a communication coil, and an auxiliary coil; the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; the switch module is connected in series with the auxiliary coil and then in parallel with the communication coil to the tag chip; In the first mode, the switch module is in the off state, and the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; in the second mode, the switch module is in the closed state, and the auxiliary coil is connected in parallel with the communication coil and then connected to the tag chip; the first quality factor of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor in the second mode; the first resonant bandwidth of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is less than the second resonant bandwidth in the second mode.

[0006] According to a third aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a short-range communication apparatus is provided, comprising: The signal acquisition module is used for the slave device in the first mode to acquire the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device; A mode switching module is used to switch the slave device to a second mode if the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal. A data feedback module is used for the slave device in the second mode to feed back short-range communication data to the master device; Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

[0007] According to a fourth aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a short-range communication device is provided for implementing the short-range communication method; or, it includes the short-range communication tag.

[0008] According to a fifth aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a computing device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and computer instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to implement the steps of the short-range communication method.

[0009] According to a sixth aspect of one or more embodiments of this specification, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the short-range communication method.

[0010] According to a fifth aspect of the embodiments of this specification, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described short-range communication method.

[0011] At least one embodiment of this specification can achieve the following beneficial effects: by setting different modes for the slave device, the slave device can acquire the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device in the first mode; after the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device can switch from the first mode used for startup and energy replenishment to the second mode used for data transmission with the master device, and the slave device can feed back short-range communication data to the master device in the second mode. Specifically, within a preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode. On the one hand, the slave device acquires radio frequency field signals from the master device using the first mode with a high quality factor, which can efficiently capture energy for short-range communication. On the other hand, by ensuring that the supply voltage provided by the slave device based on the captured energy reaches a stable threshold, it can be determined that the slave device has acquired enough energy for short-range communication. Then, the slave device can switch from the first mode to the second mode, which can efficiently complete short-range communication with the master device through the wider resonant bandwidth provided by the second mode. This allows the device to be adjusted to the corresponding mode under different needs. During the activation phase, it can efficiently capture energy from the master device, and during the communication phase, it can ensure communication bandwidth, stably and accurately transmit communication information, and improve the overall communication performance. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or prior art of this specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a short-range communication method provided in one embodiment of this specification; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a short-range communication method provided in one embodiment of this specification; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short-range communication tag provided in one embodiment of this specification; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short-range communication device provided in one embodiment of this specification; Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a computing device provided in one embodiment of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0015] This specification uses specific terms to describe embodiments thereof. Terms such as "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" in different locations throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described herein, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0016] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the one or more embodiments of this specification. The singular forms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and “the” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in one or more embodiments of this specification includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0017] The terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, product, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in the process, method, product, or apparatus that includes said elements is not excluded.

[0018] Although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this specification, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, "first" may also be referred to as "second," and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first," without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification. Ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc., do not necessarily indicate order; often they are used to facilitate the distinction of objects. For example, "first server" and "second server" usually refer to two servers. To distinguish these two servers, they are described as "first server" and "second server." Of course, sometimes these two servers may be the same server.

[0019] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."

[0020] In this specification, unless explicitly stated otherwise, "receiving and sending data" does not necessarily mean direct receiving and sending; it can also mean indirect receiving and sending. For example, A receiving data sent by B can be understood as A directly receiving the data sent by B, or it can be understood as A indirectly receiving the data sent by B through other entities such as C. Similarly, B sending data to A can be understood as B sending the data directly to A, or it can be understood as B indirectly sending the data to A through other entities such as C. Here, C can be one entity, or it can be two or more entities.

[0021] In this specification, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the relationships between structures can be direct or indirect. For example, when describing "A is connected to B," unless it is explicitly stated that A and B are directly connected, it should be understood that A can be directly connected to B or indirectly connected to B. Similarly, when describing "A is on top of B," unless it is explicitly stated that A is directly above B (AB is adjacent and A is above B), it should be understood that A can be directly above B or indirectly above B (AB is separated by other elements, and A is above B). And so on.

[0022] The user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in one or more embodiments of this specification are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. The collection, use and processing of related data shall comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant regions, and corresponding operation entry points shall be provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0023] The following explains the terms and concepts used in one or more embodiments of this specification.

[0024] Near Field Communication (NFC) is an ultra-short-range, low-power, and secure short-range wireless communication technology. It has three operating modes: reader, card emulation, and peer-to-peer. Data transmission can be completed simply by bringing the device close to the reader, typically within a few centimeters.

[0025] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio waves to automatically identify objects, people, or tags. Examples include anti-theft tags on supermarket goods and tracking tags on logistics packages, which can be identified without physical contact.

[0026] Passive devices: Devices without a built-in power supply that must rely on external devices to provide energy in order to operate.

[0027] Quality factor, also known as Q-value, is a parameter used to measure the energy loss of a resonant circuit. A high Q-value means low energy loss, a sharp resonant peak, and high energy capture efficiency, but a narrow bandwidth. A low Q-value means high energy loss, a flat resonant peak, and a wide bandwidth, which is beneficial for data communication, but low energy capture efficiency.

[0028] Resonant frequency: The frequency at which a circuit composed of coils and capacitors naturally vibrates, just like a string has its own natural vibration frequency. When the frequency of an external signal equals the resonant frequency, the circuit will produce the strongest response.

[0029] The technical solutions provided in the various embodiments of this specification are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates an application scenario of a short-range communication method provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 1 As shown, this scheme can include a slave device 1 and a master device 2. Slave device 1 has a higher quality factor in the first mode, allowing it to activate even when the RF field of master device 2 is weak. The slave device then switches to a high-bandwidth second mode to transmit data with the master device. Specifically, in the first mode, slave device 1 can use the RF field signal sent by master device 2 to charge itself. Once the supply voltage obtained after charging reaches a stable threshold, slave device 1 can switch from the first mode to the second mode. In the second mode, the second quality factor is lower than the first quality factor in the first mode, and the second resonant bandwidth in the second mode is wider than the first resonant bandwidth in the first mode, enabling efficient data communication with master device 2 and completing short-distance communication between slave device 1 and master device 2.

[0031] Figure 1The master device can include, but is not limited to, smartphones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, personal computers, smart home devices, and in-vehicle devices. The slave device can be a passive or active device. For example, a passive device can be a smart card or electronic tag without a built-in battery or independent power source, such as a card or NFC tag; an active device can be a smart wearable device, smartphone, tablet, or point-of-sale device that integrates a battery or other independent power source.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a short-range communication method provided in an embodiment of this specification.

[0033] From a programming perspective, the entity executing the process can be a program in the control unit of the application terminal device, a program in the tag chip, or a program in a short-range communication system. From a hardware perspective, the entity executing the process can be the terminal device, the tag chip, or the short-range communication system.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the process may include the following steps: Step 202: The slave device in the first mode acquires the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device.

[0035] In the embodiments described in this specification, the master device can be the initiator and controller of the communication link, possessing the ability to actively scan, search for, and attempt to connect to surrounding devices, as well as the ability to poll and schedule, and to provide power to passive slave devices. The slave device can be the responder and controlled entity of the communication link, typically in a dormant or monitoring state, and can communicate with the master device after receiving instructions from the master device.

[0036] In the embodiments described in this specification, the slave device can be a passive device that requires power from the master device to operate; or the slave device can be an active system device that can provide its own power to operate. The radio frequency field signal can be an alternating electromagnetic field radiated by the device antenna that carries energy or information. Alternatively, the slave device can be an active device, such as an electronic device containing a tag module, or an electronic device that can be used as an analog card.

[0037] For example, the slave device can be a short-range communication tag, such as an NFC tag or an RFID tag; or it can be an electronic device containing the tag, or an electronic device capable of card emulation mode, such as a payment device, cash register, or POS machine, or a user terminal device such as a mobile phone. The master device can be a card reader device containing a short-range communication tag, such as a smartphone or smart wearable device, to enable short-range communication with the slave device. The specific form of the master and slave devices is not specifically limited.

[0038] The first mode can represent the energy capture mode, which can acquire the radio frequency field signal emitted by the master device and activate the tag.

[0039] Step 204: If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switches to the second mode.

[0040] In the embodiments of this specification, the stability threshold can also represent the voltage value corresponding to when the power supply voltage of the device is in a stable state and the fluctuation range is within a preset range.

[0041] Different slave devices may have different stability thresholds, or they may have the same stability threshold; no specific limitation is made here. For example, the stability threshold may be determined based on the tag chip used by the slave device; or it may be determined based on the circuit structure of the slave device, and so on. The slave device can continuously detect changes in the supply voltage. When the tag chip or control unit detects that the supply voltage no longer changes, or that the fluctuation range of the supply voltage is within a preset range, it can be determined that the supply voltage of the slave device has reached the stability threshold. The preset range may be determined based on expert experience, or it may be determined based on short-range communication requirements; or it may be determined based on the device performance of the slave device. The supply voltage may represent the voltage supplied to the internal logic circuits, memory, and RF transceiver module of the slave device. The second mode may be a mode in which the slave device can efficiently communicate with the master device over short distances.

[0042] To ensure the stability of device activation and further guarantee communication stability, mode switching can be performed in conjunction with signal commands sent by the master device. Optionally, in one or more embodiments of this specification, if the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switching to the second mode may include: If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal and obtains the protocol control data sent by the master device, the slave device switches to the second mode; the protocol control data includes at least one of polling data or data communication instructions.

[0043] In one embodiment of this specification, protocol control data may be the effective information payload carried by the master device through modulated radio frequency field signals. Polling data may be a specific data packet sent by the master device to inquire about the existence of the slave device or to request a response from the slave device; or polling data may be response data sent by the master device to respond to the slave device's inquiry data, such as the REQA wake-up command in the NFC protocol or the anti-collision inventory command in the RFID system. Data communication commands may be command words or command frames sent by the master device to instruct the slave device to perform specific operations, such as the READ and WRITE commands in smart card operations. Communication data may be data conforming to a preset data format or data type, such as ISO / IEC 14443 type communication signals, enabling the slave device to perform corresponding processing based on the communication data, such as switching from a first mode to a second mode.

[0044] In one embodiment of this specification, the fact that the power supply voltage of the device reaches a stable threshold can indicate that the fluctuation range of the power supply voltage is within a preset range during a preset time period; or that the voltage value of the power supply voltage remains unchanged during the preset time period. The preset time period can be determined based on expert experience.

[0045] In practical applications, once the power supply voltage of the slave device stabilizes, it can switch from the first mode to the second mode without needing to determine whether protocol control data has been received. To further improve the effectiveness and accuracy of short-range communication, it can also switch from the first mode to the second mode after the power supply voltage stabilizes and protocol control data sent by the master device is received. This avoids interference from nearby devices that can emit radio frequency field signals but lack short-range communication capabilities, ensuring accurate and effective communication. Specifically, the slave device can first determine if the power supply voltage has reached a stable threshold; if so, it then determines whether protocol control data has been received from the master device; if received, it can switch from the first mode to the second mode. Alternatively, the slave device can first determine if protocol control data has been received from the master device; if so, it then determines if the power supply voltage has reached a stable threshold; if so, it can switch from the first mode to the second mode. Alternatively, the slave device can make parallel judgments on whether it has received protocol control data from the master device and whether the power supply voltage has reached a stable threshold. When it is determined that the power supply voltage has reached the stable threshold and the protocol control data from the master device has been received, the slave device switches from the first mode to the second mode.

[0046] In one embodiment of this specification, after determining that the power supply voltage of the slave device has reached a stable threshold and receiving protocol control data sent by the master device, the slave device switches from the first mode to the second mode. On the one hand, the stable power supply voltage ensures that the slave device has obtained sufficient energy from the master device's radio frequency field, enabling short-range communication with the master device and preventing communication interruptions due to insufficient energy, thus guaranteeing the communication quality of short-range communication. On the other hand, the slave device can determine whether the master device has the capability to communicate with the slave device short-range by whether it receives protocol control data. This avoids switching to the second mode for short-range communication with the master device when the power supply voltage has reached the stable threshold but the master device does not have the capability to communicate with the slave device short-range. Only when the master device receives protocol control data and determines that it has the capability to communicate with the slave device short-range does the slave device switch to the second mode to enable short-range communication with the master device, further reducing resource consumption and improving the effectiveness of short-range communication.

[0047] Step 206: The slave device in the second mode feeds back short-range communication data to the master device.

[0048] Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

[0049] Short-range communication data can represent service data stored by a slave device or data to be transmitted within the near-field coupling range. For example, NFC tag data. Specifically, NFC tag data can be data used to trigger services, such as electronic business cards or link information used to trigger services. For instance, if the short-range communication data sent by the slave device is payment service data, the slave device can send the payment service data to the master device through the second resonant bandwidth in the second mode. The master device can then trigger the payment service and execute the payment process based on the payment service data.

[0050] The preset operating resonant frequency range can be a center frequency and its allowable deviation range determined based on the performance of the short-range communication system or the type of communication. For example, short-range communication can include near-field communication and radio frequency identification (RFID). If the short-range communication is near-field communication, the preset operating resonant frequency range can be 13.56MHz ± 7kHz; if the short-range communication is RFID, the preset operating resonant frequency range can be 900MHz ± 40MHz. The first quality factor and the second quality factor can be within the preset quality factor range, where the first quality factor does not exceed the maximum value of the preset quality factor range, and the second quality factor is not lower than the minimum value of the preset quality factor range. The preset quality factor can be determined based on information such as the application scenario of the device, communication protocol standards, and data rate requirements.

[0051] The preset quality factor range represents the range of quality factors that conform to the target communication protocol standard (such as ISO / IEC 14443 Type A / B) of the slave device and can maintain normal and stable short-range communication. Specifically, the second quality factor is set in the lower range of the preset quality factor range (corresponding to a wider bandwidth) to meet high-speed data interaction in standard mode; the first quality factor is set in the higher range of the preset quality factor range (corresponding to a narrower bandwidth) to improve receiving sensitivity in weak signal or long-distance scenarios. The specific values ​​of the preset quality factor range are dynamically planned based on the device's application scenario (such as card reading distance requirements), the bandwidth specified by the communication protocol, and data rate requirements.

[0052] The second mode can represent a conventional communication mode, where the second quality factor and second resonant bandwidth typically satisfy commonly used communication protocols; alternatively, the resonant bandwidth in the second mode can be wider than that in the conventional communication mode. The first mode can be a mode that deviates somewhat from the conventional communication mode, where the first quality factor can be higher than the second quality factor, and the first resonant bandwidth can be narrower than the second resonant bandwidth.

[0053] To clearly illustrate the preset quality factor, let's take 13.56MHz NFC communication as an example: The preset quality factor range can be [10, 14]. The second quality factor can be set to 11 to have a wider resonant bandwidth, ensuring the stability of data transmission during standard short-range interactions. The first quality factor can be set to 13.5, which significantly improves the slave device gain by narrowing the resonant bandwidth. This is used to maintain the connection and obtain energy when the master device's RF field signal is weak, while also ensuring that the slave device will not experience distortion due to exceeding the preset quality factor range specified in the protocol.

[0054] Resonant bandwidth represents the frequency range within which a slave device can effectively receive energy and demodulate signals. A wider resonant bandwidth results in higher stability and efficiency when the slave device transmits short-range communication data to the master device. The resonant bandwidth can be calculated using the formula BW=F / Q, which indicates that a higher quality factor corresponds to a smaller resonant bandwidth, and thus a narrower bandwidth. Here, BW represents the resonant bandwidth, F represents the resonant frequency, and Q represents the quality factor. During short-range communication and mode switching, the resonant frequency can remain constant or fall within a preset range. Taking NFC communication as an example, the resonant frequency of the slave device in both the first and second modes remains within the range of 13.56MHz±7kHz, and it also remains within this range during mode switching.

[0055] In the first mode, the device has a higher quality factor, enabling it to acquire radio frequency (RF) signals from distant or weak master devices, thus accelerating energy capture and achieving efficient energy acquisition. However, once the slave device's power supply voltage confirms sufficient energy capture, although the first mode has a high quality factor, its narrow resonant bandwidth results in poor stability and low efficiency for short-range communication between the slave and master devices. The slave device can then switch to the second mode, which widens the resonant bandwidth by reducing the quality factor, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of short-range communication between the slave and master devices.

[0056] While one or more embodiments of this specification provide method steps as described in the embodiments or flowcharts, it is understood that the order of steps listed in the embodiments or flowcharts is merely one possible execution order among many steps and does not represent the only possible execution order. The order of some steps may be adjusted according to actual needs, or some steps may be omitted. When the claims involve method steps, changes in the order of such steps, or parallel execution between steps, are also within the scope of protection of the claims.

[0057] Short-range communication (SMR), a key technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), has been widely applied in mobile payments, asset tracking, and smart access control due to its advantages of being contactless and low-cost. In passive SMR devices, all the energy for the tag chip's operation comes from the radio frequency (RF) field emitted by the reader. However, there is a significant trade-off between energy transmission efficiency and data communication performance. On the one hand, to capture energy from the weak RF field to activate the tag chip, SMR devices need a high quality factor. A high quality factor concentrates energy at the resonant frequency, significantly improving energy transmission efficiency and thus achieving a longer operating distance and faster startup speed.

[0058] On the other hand, reliable data communication, such as uplink communication from short-range communication devices to readers, requires sufficiently wide bandwidth. However, the narrowband characteristics of high quality factors cannot meet the needs of short-range communication; excessively high quality factors can limit communication rates, leading to unstable or even failed data transmissions. It often cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of efficient charging and stable communication.

[0059] use Figure 2 The method described above sets different modes for the slave device. In the first mode, the slave device has a high quality factor, enabling it to capture the RF field signal even when the master device's signal is weak. This improves both the slave device's startup speed and its energy acquisition efficiency. Once the slave device has acquired sufficient energy from the master device's RF field signal in the first mode to reach a stable supply voltage threshold, it can switch to the second mode. Although the second quality factor in the second mode is lower than the first quality factor in the first mode, it has a higher resonant bandwidth. This allows the slave device to transmit short-range communication data to the master device more stably and efficiently, enabling short-range communication between the slave and master devices. This allows different modes to be activated at different stages, meeting the requirements for efficient charging and stable communication in short-range communication.

[0060] based on Figure 2 In addition to the method described herein, this specification also provides some specific implementation methods of this method, which will be described below.

[0061] In practical applications, the quality factor can be adjusted by adjusting the inductance value. In one or more embodiments of this specification, optionally, the first inductance value of the slave device in the first mode is greater than the second inductance value of the slave device in the second mode.

[0062] In one embodiment of this specification, the first inductance value may represent the equivalent total inductance of the antenna loop or matching network of the slave device when the slave device is in a first mode. The second inductance value may represent the equivalent total inductance of the antenna loop or matching network of the slave device when the slave device is in a second mode.

[0063] Based on the calculation formula for quality factor This establishes a positive correlation between the quality factor and the inductance value. Here, Q represents the quality factor. Angular frequency (L) indicates how fast an AC signal changes; inductance (L) represents the value of the inductance; and resistance (R) represents the value of the resistance in the slave device circuit. A decrease in inductance leads to a decrease in the quality factor, and slave devices can reduce their quality factor by decreasing the inductance, thus allowing different modes to correspond to different quality factors.

[0064] In practical applications, the quality factor can also be adjusted by changing the resistance. For example, the first resistance value of the slave device in the first mode is less than the second resistance value in the second mode. This allows the slave device to change the resistance value in the circuit to make the quality factor in the first mode higher than that in the second mode. So, when the slave device is in the first mode during the energy replenishment phase, the circuit resistance is the first resistance value, resulting in a higher first quality factor and better energy extraction from the master device's RF field. When the slave device is in the second mode during the data communication phase, the circuit resistance increases to the second resistance value, resulting in a lower second quality factor and a wider resonant bandwidth, enabling the slave device to transmit data with the master device stably and efficiently.

[0065] In one or more embodiments of this specification, the quality factor of the slave device can be adjusted by setting an auxiliary coil. Optionally, the slave device may include a communication coil, a tag chip, and an auxiliary coil; in the first mode, the communication coil is connected to the tag chip; in the second mode, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are connected in parallel and then connected to the tag chip.

[0066] In one embodiment of this specification, the communication coil can be the main antenna coil in the slave device, serving as the core sensing element responsible for energy coupling and data exchange with the master device. The communication coil can form a resonant circuit with the capacitor elements inside the slave device, enabling it to extract energy from the radio frequency field generated by the master device and extract modulation information from the high-frequency carrier wave transmitted by the master device. The communication coil can be at least one shape, such as square, circular, or irregular; the number of turns of the communication coil can be determined based on communication requirements. The tag chip can be the core processing unit in the slave device, comprising multiple modules such as a radio frequency front-end, digital logic, memory, and modulation / demodulation circuitry. The auxiliary coil can be an additional inductive element, such as an auxiliary antenna coil, used to adjust the inductance value of the slave device. Specifically, in the first mode, the auxiliary coil in the slave device is not connected to the communication coil; in the second mode, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil in the slave device are connected in parallel, thereby reducing the inductance value in the second mode compared to the first mode, further reducing the quality factor of the slave device.

[0067] In one embodiment of this specification, the slave device can switch between the first mode and the second mode by controlling whether the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are connected in parallel, without the need for an overly complex circuit structure. On the other hand, after the slave device switches to the second mode via the auxiliary coil, the resonant bandwidth increases accordingly while the voltage loss is relatively small. This allows for efficient data communication while maintaining a longer reading distance. Switching to other components, however, easily consumes the slave device's energy, resulting in greater voltage loss and reducing the communication distance between the slave and master devices.

[0068] In one or more embodiments of this specification, optionally, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil at least partially overlap; or, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are located in the same plane.

[0069] In one embodiment of this specification, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil in the slave device can be positioned side-by-side on the same plane, vertically side-by-side, or horizontally side-by-side. For example, if both the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are on the bottom plate of the slave device, and the communication coil is positioned above the auxiliary coil on the bottom plate, then they are positioned vertically side-by-side. If the communication coil is positioned to the left of the auxiliary coil on the bottom plate, then they are positioned horizontally side-by-side. The bottom plate is the bottom plane on which the circuitry of the slave device is laid out, such as the surface of a single-layer PCB structure. The two coils can be non-overlapping and laid side-by-side on the same plane. Alternatively, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil can be not distributed on the same plane. For example, the communication coil is laid on the bottom plate of the slave device, and the auxiliary coil is laid on the top plate of the slave device. The top plate and the bottom plate can be two PCB surfaces in a double-layer PCB structure, and the projected portion of the auxiliary coil can completely or partially overlap with the communication coil.

[0070] In one embodiment of this specification, if the communication coil and the auxiliary coil overlap, the larger the overlap area, the higher the inherent mutual inductance coefficient between them. It should be noted that this mutual inductance coupling always exists spatially; however, when the auxiliary coil is in a closed loop (e.g., connected to the communication coil), the mutual inductance coupling transforms into reflective resistance, resulting in increased losses and a decreased quality factor in the slave device. If the auxiliary coil is not in a closed loop (not connected to the communication coil), the mutual inductance coupling does not transform into reflective resistance, the losses in the slave device are lower, and the quality factor is higher.

[0071] One embodiment of this specification determines the upper limit of mutual inductance by the overlap area between the communication coil and the auxiliary coil. Combined with the on / off control of the connection between the auxiliary coil and the communication coil in the circuit, the slave device can maintain a high first quality factor in the first mode and achieve the required second quality factor in the second mode by using controlled reflective resistance and equivalent inductance. This ensures low loss while also improving the short-range communication performance of the slave device.

[0072] The size of the auxiliary coil can be the same as or different from that of the communication coil. For example, the dimensions of the communication coil and the auxiliary coil can be the same, such as both being 72mm × 42mm; or the dimensions of the communication coil can be larger than those of the auxiliary coil, such as the communication coil being 72mm × 42mm and the auxiliary coil being 30mm × 15mm.

[0073] The auxiliary coil can have the same or different shape as the communication coil. For example, the communication coil may be circular, and the auxiliary coil may also be circular; or the communication coil may be square, and the auxiliary coil may be circular.

[0074] In practical applications, the auxiliary coil in the slave device can be replaced with an adjustable inductor. By adjusting the inductance value of the adjustable inductor, the inductance value of the overall circuit of the slave device is changed, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the quality factor of the slave device. This ensures that the adjustable inductor is in different inductance value states in different modes, thus guaranteeing different quality factors in different modes.

[0075] In one or more embodiments of this specification, the slave device may also perform a restoration process to wait for the next short-range communication to be initiated after the short-range communication is completed, so as to perform efficient energy capture. Optionally, the method may further include: if the short-range communication between the slave device and the master device ends, the slave device restores from the second mode to the first mode.

[0076] The short-range communication can be considered complete when the slave device finishes sending short-range communication data to the master device and is no longer within the master device's RF field coverage; alternatively, the short-range communication can be considered complete when the slave device receives a response command from the master device after sending short-range communication data; or, the short-range communication can be considered complete when the slave device detects that the sent short-range communication data is an end marker. The slave device can detect the communication status with the master device; if the slave device detects that the communication status with the master device is that short-range communication has ended, it can revert from the second mode to the first mode. For example, after the communication with the master device ends, the slave device can disconnect the parallel connection between the communication coil and the auxiliary coil, reverting to the connection between the communication coil and the tag chip. The auxiliary coil and the tag chip are no longer connected, and the quality factor changes to the first quality factor, allowing it to wait for the next short-range communication to begin.

[0077] In the first mode, even when the RF field signal emitted by the master device is weak, the slave device can quickly sense the master device's detection, be woken up or activated as soon as possible, and acquire RF field signals in the weak RF field. This allows it to acquire sufficient energy for data communication as early and efficiently as possible. Furthermore, since the first mode only focuses on energy acquisition and does not initiate short-range communication data transmission to the master device, the slave device can have a higher quality factor and lower resonant bandwidth. This allows the slave device to be activated even when the master device's RF field is weak, enabling rapid and efficient initiation of the next short-range communication and energy capture. Simultaneously, it improves the slave device's response reliability and robustness in continuous, high-frequency interaction scenarios, ensuring that each new short-range communication request is detected promptly and accurately.

[0078] In one or more embodiments of this specification, the slave device can determine whether short-range communication has ended based on different dimensions. Optionally, the termination of short-range communication between the slave device and the master device may specifically include: If the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the main device is less than a preset value, then the short-range communication is determined to be terminated. Alternatively, if the power supply voltage of the slave device is less than the stability threshold, then the short-range communication is determined to have ended.

[0079] In one embodiment of this specification, the preset value may be determined based on the short-range communication performance of the device; or, the preset value may be determined based on expert experience.

[0080] In one implementation, if the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the master device is less than a preset value in the second mode, it indicates that the master device has moved away from the slave device, and the short-distance communication between the slave device and the master device has ended.

[0081] In another implementation, if the power supply voltage of the slave device is less than the stable threshold in the second mode, it indicates that the slave device is getting less energy from the master device, or even unable to get energy from the master device and starts to lose power. This indicates that the master device is moving away from the slave device, and the short-distance communication between the slave device and the master device has ended.

[0082] As another implementation, if the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the master device is less than a preset value and the power supply voltage of the slave device is less than a stable threshold in the second mode, it can also indicate that the short-range communication has ended.

[0083] In the second mode, if the slave device detects a situation that satisfies any of the above implementation methods, it can determine that the short-range communication has ended. The slave device can promptly stop invalid data processing when the master device moves away or the signal deteriorates, reducing resource consumption.

[0084] As one implementation, if the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the master device is greater than or equal to a preset value in the second mode, and the power supply voltage of the slave device remains at a stable threshold, it can be determined that the master device is still communicating with the slave device over a short distance, and the slave device can maintain the second mode.

[0085] As another implementation, if the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the master device is greater than or equal to a preset value in the second mode, it can be determined that the master device is still communicating with the slave device over a short distance, and the slave device can maintain the second mode.

[0086] As another implementation, if the power supply voltage of the slave device is still at a stable threshold in the second mode, it can be determined that the master device is still communicating with the slave device over a short distance, and the slave device can maintain the second mode.

[0087] In practical applications, if the slave device receives an instruction containing a terminator from the master device in the slave device's second mode, the short-range communication can be considered complete. Alternatively, if the slave device does not receive a valid instruction from the master device within a certain period of time in the slave device's second mode, the short-range communication can also be considered complete.

[0088] The various technical features in the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily, as long as there is no conflict or contradiction between the combinations of features. However, due to space limitations, they have not been described one by one. Therefore, the arbitrary combination of various technical features in the above embodiments is also within the scope of this specification.

[0089] In related technologies, a method is provided that allows selection of a suitable RF antenna based on application requirements and environmental conditions, determination of the antenna's number of turns, and addition of a coupling coil around the antenna. The position of the coupling coil is adjusted, along with the antenna length, resistance parameters, and capacitance parameters of the coupling coil, based on the operating frequency and system performance requirements. This optimizes the antenna's driving circuit, enabling it to operate stably under different operating conditions and achieve the expected card reading distance. However, this method involves settings implemented during the production of short-range communication devices. During short-range communication, interaction is limited to pre-set parameters, and internal circuit adjustments are not possible.

[0090] This manual describes a short-range communication method that allows the slave device to change its internal circuit parameters during short-range communication. By using different modes to interact with the master device at different stages, the slave device can acquire signals from the master device's radio frequency field in the first mode (high quality factor) during the high-efficiency charging stage to capture energy for charging and quickly activate the slave device. In the communication stage requiring wide bandwidth, the slave device switches to the second mode to complete communication with a low quality factor and a wider resonant bandwidth, ensuring communication quality. This achieves on-demand allocation, allowing each stage to operate in its optimal working state.

[0091] On the other hand, in the first mode, the slave device can be successfully activated at a greater distance from the master device, effectively expanding the system's operating range; in the second mode, the slave device ensures sufficient resonant bandwidth to meet high-speed data transmission standards, significantly reducing the communication error rate caused by insufficient bandwidth and improving the smoothness and stability of the user experience.

[0092] Based on the same idea, this specification also provides short-range communication tags corresponding to the above methods in its embodiments.

[0093] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a short-range communication tag provided as an embodiment of this specification. Figure 3 As shown, a short-range communication tag may include a tag chip, a switch module, a communication coil, and an auxiliary coil; the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; the switch module is connected in series with the auxiliary coil and then in parallel with the communication coil to the tag chip.

[0094] In the first mode, the switch module is in the off state, and the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; in the second mode, the switch module is in the closed state, and the auxiliary coil is connected in parallel with the communication coil and then connected to the tag chip; the first quality factor of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor in the second mode; the first resonant bandwidth of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is less than the second resonant bandwidth in the second mode.

[0095] During the equipment manufacturing stage, the geometric parameters of the communication coil can be adjusted based on the first quality factor, or the parameters of the auxiliary coil can be adjusted. This allows the short-range communication tag with both the communication coil and the auxiliary coil to have a narrower resonant peak at the target resonant frequency in the first mode, enabling it to efficiently capture energy or radio frequency field signals from the radio frequency field of the reader used for short-range communication with the tag. The auxiliary coil can be connected in parallel with the communication coil via a switching module. This parallel connection reduces the inductance of the short-range communication tag, significantly lowering its quality factor. Consequently, in the second mode, the tag can communicate with the reader at a higher resonant bandwidth due to the reduced quality factor. Inductance and quality factor can be directly proportional: a higher inductance results in a higher quality factor, and vice versa. Conversely, quality factor and resonant bandwidth can be inversely proportional: a higher quality factor results in a lower resonant bandwidth, and vice versa.

[0096] The number of turns in the auxiliary coil can be less than the number of turns in the communication coil; or, the number of turns in the auxiliary coil can be the same as the number of turns in the communication coil; or, the number of turns in the auxiliary coil can be more than the number of turns in the communication coil.

[0097] The shape of the auxiliary coil can be different from that of the communication coil; or the shape of the auxiliary coil can be the same as that of the communication coil. Specifically, the shape and number of turns of the auxiliary coil, as well as the shape and number of turns of the communication coil, can be set based on short-distance communication requirements, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0098] The first quality factor can be set based on the energy capture requirements of the short-range communication tag; the second quality factor can be set based on the data communication requirements of the short-range communication tag.

[0099] The switching module can employ at least one low-power, low-on-resistance radio frequency switch, such as a MOSFET transistor switch or a silicon-based CMOS switch. The switching module is connected in series with an auxiliary coil, and the switching on and off can be controlled by a tag chip or a control unit.

[0100] In one implementation, when the switch module is in the off state, the communication coil works normally, the inductance value of the short-range communication tag is high, the resulting first quality factor is high, and the short-range communication tag is in the first mode.

[0101] In another implementation, when the switch module is in the closed state, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil work in parallel, the inductance value of the short-range communication tag decreases, and the resulting second quality factor is lower than the first quality factor in the first mode, so the short-range communication tag is in the second mode.

[0102] The switching module can be a bistable switch, driven by energy provided by the tag chip or triggered by a signal. The default state of the switching module is open, allowing the short-range communication tag to be in the first mode when inactive, which offers a high quality factor, rapid activation, and energy capture during the charging phase. Once the short-range communication tag's supply voltage reaches a stable threshold, it can send a trigger signal to the switching module. Upon receiving the corresponding trigger signal, the switching module closes, switching the short-range communication tag to the second mode. This reduces the tag's inductance, further lowering the quality factor and increasing the resonant bandwidth, enabling data transmission during the communication phase.

[0103] After the short-range communication between the short-range communication tag and the reader ends, the switch module can receive a disconnect command sent by the tag chip, switch to the disconnect state, and restore the short-range communication tag to the first mode.

[0104] In one embodiment of this specification, the resonant frequency of the short-range communication tag is within the resonant frequency band that enables normal short-range communication during the first mode, the second mode, and the switching between the two modes.

[0105] In practical applications, short-range communication tags may also include a control unit. This control unit can be a circuit integrated within the tag chip, or it can be a circuit peripheral to the tag chip. The control unit can detect the operating status of the tag chip, such as power supply voltage and received commands; the control unit can control the switching module's on / off state according to preset logic.

[0106] Optionally, if the power supply voltage of the short-range communication tag reaches a stable threshold, the short-range communication tag switches from the first mode to the second mode.

[0107] In one embodiment of this specification, when the reader is far from the short-range communication tag, the short-range communication tag cannot obtain energy from the reader for charging because it cannot sense the radio frequency field generated by the distant reader, and the switching module is in the off state; or the switching module is also in the off state when the supply voltage of the short-range communication tag has not reached a stable threshold. When the short-range communication tag is in a high-quality factor state, it can quickly obtain energy for charging even when sensing a weak radio frequency field. When the short-range communication tag detects the radio frequency field of the reader, the communication coil of the short-range communication tag begins to efficiently capture energy and charges the energy storage capacitor of the tag chip through the rectifier circuit. After the supply voltage provided by the energy storage capacitor reaches a stable threshold through charging, the short-range communication tag switches from the first mode to the second mode to communicate with the reader. The rectifier circuit can convert the AC power received by the communication coil into DC power that the short-range communication tag can use.

[0108] In one embodiment of this specification, if the power supply voltage of the short-range communication tag reaches a stable threshold and the short-range communication tag also receives communication data sent by the reader, the short-range communication tag can send a signal to the switching module to drive the switch from an open state to a closed state. This causes the auxiliary coil and the communication coil to be connected in parallel. The parallel connection of the two coils reduces the inductance value of the short-range communication tag, thereby reducing its quality factor and widening its resonant bandwidth. With this wider bandwidth, the short-range communication tag can stably perform load modulation to transmit data back to the uplink at the rate and stability required by the standard protocol. The wider resonant bandwidth also allows the short-range communication tag to remain within a wider resonant frequency band even when the resonant frequency shifts due to environmental interference or other factors, improving its robustness to frequency shifts and environmental interference. In practical applications, the wider the resonant bandwidth, the higher the tolerance of the short-range communication tag to frequency deviations.

[0109] Optionally, the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; the switching module, after being connected in series with the auxiliary coil, is connected in parallel with the communication coil to the tag chip, and may include: The first port of the tag chip is connected to the first end of the communication coil; the second port of the tag chip is connected to the second end of the communication coil; the first port of the tag chip is connected to the first end of the switch module; the first end of the switch module is connected to the first end of the communication coil; the second end of the switch module is connected to the first end of the auxiliary coil; the second end of the auxiliary coil is connected to the second end of the communication coil; and the second end of the auxiliary coil is connected to the second end of the tag chip.

[0110] In practical applications, the reader emits a radio frequency field signal, and the communication coil generates an AC induced voltage under the action of the radio frequency field. The AC induced voltage enters the radio frequency front end of the tag chip, which converts the AC induced voltage into a DC voltage to power the chip. On the other hand, the AC induced voltage is sent to the demodulator to extract the protocol control data sent by the reader.

[0111] When the tag chip detects that the supply voltage has reached a stable threshold and parses a specific instruction or determines that the current signal environment needs adjustment, it sends a trigger signal to the switching module, driving the switching module to switch from an open state to a closed state, connecting the auxiliary coil to the circuit (forming a coupled or parallel structure with the communication coil). This significantly reduces the quality factor of the short-range communication tag and widens the resonant bandwidth. This bandwidth widening not only improves the short-range communication tag's tolerance to frequency offset but also effectively prevents chip overvoltage damage caused by short-range strong field coupling by suppressing the resonant peak gain.

[0112] When the switch module is in the closed state, the auxiliary coil works in conjunction with the communication coil to continuously provide a stable power supply to the tag chip. Simultaneously, during the tag chip's data transmission via load modulation, the presence of the auxiliary coil helps improve the sideband characteristics of the modulation waveform, reducing signal distortion and thus significantly improving the reliability of high-speed data transmission.

[0113] In practical applications, short-range communication tags can also forgo the auxiliary coil and instead use an adjustable resistor connected in series with the communication coil. In the first mode, the adjustable resistor is adjusted to a small resistance value or even zero resistance value, resulting in a small total series resistance of the short-range communication tag, reducing losses and ensuring a high quality factor. In the second mode, the adjustable resistor can be adjusted to a larger resistance value, resulting in a larger total series resistance of the short-range communication tag, increasing losses and resulting in a lower quality factor. This, in turn, increases the resonant bandwidth, enabling efficient data transmission in the second mode.

[0114] In practical applications, short-range communication tags can also forgo auxiliary coils and instead use an inductor connected in parallel with the communication coil. Different modes are switched by controlling whether the inductor is connected in parallel with the communication coil. When two inductors are connected in parallel, the resulting inductance is smaller than the inductance of either inductor alone. Accordingly, in the first mode, the switch is open, and the communication coil is not connected in parallel with the inductor; in the second mode, the switch is closed, and the communication coil is connected in parallel with the inductor. In the second mode, the inductance of the short-range communication tag decreases, resulting in a lower quality factor and a wider resonant bandwidth. This allows the short-range communication tag to utilize a higher quality factor for energy capture in the first mode and to utilize a wider bandwidth for efficient data transmission in the second mode.

[0115] In practical applications, short-range communication tags, in addition to an auxiliary coil, also incorporate an adjustable resistor connected in series with the communication coil. By controlling the on / off state of the auxiliary coil and adjusting the resistance value of the adjustable resistor, the quality factor for different modes can be adjusted, thereby regulating the resonant bandwidth. Alternatively, short-range communication tags can also incorporate an inductor connected in series with the auxiliary coil. The inductance value of this inductor can be determined based on a second quality factor; the lower the second quality factor generated in the second mode, the lower the inductance value of the inductor connected in series with the auxiliary coil.

[0116] In the embodiments of this specification, a short-range communication tag including a communication coil and an auxiliary coil can switch between a first mode with a high quality factor and a second mode with a low quality factor using a switching module. Operating in the first mode during the energy capture phase can improve energy capture efficiency, while switching to the second mode according to instructions during the data communication phase ensures a wider resonant bandwidth. While achieving adaptive optimization in the time domain, the tag chip can also autonomously determine the interaction phase and precisely control the mode switching of the short-range communication tag without any modification to the main device. It can also meet the requirements of rapid startup and efficient energy capture of the short-range communication tag in the first mode, and meet the requirements of efficient data transmission of the short-range communication tag in the second mode.

[0117] Based on the same idea, embodiments of this specification also provide apparatus corresponding to the above methods.

[0118] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a short-range communication device provided in an embodiment of this specification.

[0119] like Figure 4 As shown, the device may include: The signal acquisition module 402 is used for the slave device in the first mode to acquire the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device; The mode switching module 404 is used to switch the slave device to a second mode if the slave device reaches a stable threshold power supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal. Data feedback module 406 is used for the slave device in the second mode to feed back short-range communication data to the master device; Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

[0120] based on Figure 4The embodiments of this specification also provide some specific implementation schemes of the method, which are described below.

[0121] Optionally, the mode switching module can be specifically used for: If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal and obtains the protocol control data sent by the master device, the slave device switches to the second mode; the protocol control data includes at least one of polling data or data communication instructions.

[0122] Optionally, the first inductance value of the slave device in the first mode is greater than the second inductance value of the slave device in the second mode.

[0123] Optionally, the slave device includes a communication coil, a tag chip, and an auxiliary coil; in the first mode, the communication coil is connected to the tag chip; in the second mode, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are connected in parallel and then connected to the tag chip.

[0124] Optionally, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil at least partially overlap; or, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are located in the same plane.

[0125] Optionally, the device can also be used for: If the short-range communication between the slave device and the master device ends, the slave device reverts from the second mode to the first mode.

[0126] Optionally, the device can also be used for: If the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the main device is less than a preset value, then the short-range communication is determined to be terminated. Alternatively, if the power supply voltage of the slave device is less than the stability threshold, then the short-range communication is determined to have ended.

[0127] It is understood that the modules mentioned above refer to computer programs or program segments used to perform one or more specific functions. Furthermore, the distinction between these modules does not imply that the actual program code must also be separate.

[0128] For ease of description, the above devices are described by dividing them into various modules or units based on their functions. Of course, when implementing one or more of these specifications, the functions of each module or unit can be implemented in the same or different software and / or hardware, or a module that performs the same function can be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, etc. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0129] The above is a schematic scheme of a short-range communication device according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this short-range communication device and the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above belong to the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the short-range communication device, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above.

[0130] Based on the same idea, embodiments of this specification also provide short-range communication devices corresponding to the above methods, used to implement the steps of the short-range communication method; or, including the short-range communication tag.

[0131] Based on the same idea, this specification also provides devices corresponding to the above methods in its embodiments.

[0132] Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a computing device provided according to an embodiment of this specification is shown.

[0133] The computing device 500 includes: Memory 510 and processor 520; The memory 510 is used to store computer programs / instructions, and the processor 520 is used to execute the computer programs / instructions, which, when executed by the processor 520, implement the steps of the short-range communication method.

[0134] Specifically, the components of the computing device 500 include, but are not limited to, a memory 510 and a processor 520. The processor 520 is connected to the memory 510 via a bus 530, and the database 550 is used to store data.

[0135] The computing device 500 also includes an access device 540, which enables the computing device 500 to communicate via one or more networks 560. Examples of these networks include Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), or combinations of communication networks such as the Internet. The access device 540 may include one or more of any type of wired or wireless network interface (e.g., a network interface card (NIC)), such as an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) wireless interface, a Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) interface, an Ethernet interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a cellular network interface, a Bluetooth interface, a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and so on.

[0136] In one embodiment of this specification, the aforementioned components of the computing device 500 and Figure 5 Other components, not shown, can also be connected to each other, for example, via a bus. It should be understood that... Figure 5 The block diagram of the computing device shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can add or replace other components as needed.

[0137] The computing device 500 can be any type of stationary or mobile computing device, including mobile computers or mobile computing devices (e.g., tablet computers, personal digital assistants, laptop computers, notebook computers, netbooks, etc.), mobile phones (e.g., smartphones), wearable computing devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, etc.) or other types of mobile devices, or stationary computing devices such as desktop computers or personal computers (PCs). The computing device 500 can also be a mobile or stationary server.

[0138] The steps of the short-range communication method are as follows: when the processor 520 executes the computer instructions.

[0139] The above is an illustrative scheme of a computing device according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this computing device and the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above belong to the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the computing device, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above.

[0140] An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the short-range communication method as described above.

[0141] The above is an illustrative scheme of a computer-readable storage medium according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this storage medium belongs to the same concept as the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the storage medium, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above.

[0142] An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described short-range communication method.

[0143] The above is an illustrative scheme of a computer program product according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of this computer program product and the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above belong to the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the computer program product, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the short-range communication method described above.

[0144] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiments of apparatus, devices, media, and program products, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments. The apparatus, devices, media, and program products provided in the embodiments of this specification correspond to the methods, and therefore the apparatus, devices, media, and program products also have similar beneficial technical effects as the corresponding methods. Since the beneficial technical effects of the methods have been described in detail above, the beneficial technical effects of the corresponding apparatus, devices, media, and program products will not be repeated here.

[0145] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0146] In the 1990s, improvements to a technology could be clearly distinguished as either hardware improvements (e.g., improvements to the circuit structure of diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software improvements (improvements to methodology). However, with technological advancements, many methodological improvements today can be considered direct improvements to hardware circuit structures. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming the improved methodology into the hardware circuit. Therefore, it cannot be said that a methodological improvement cannot be implemented using hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) (such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) is such an integrated circuit whose logic function is determined by the user programming the device. Designers can program a digital system themselves to "integrate" it onto a PLD, without needing chip manufacturers to design and manufacture dedicated integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing integrated circuit chips, this programming is mostly implemented using "logic compiler" software. Similar to the software compiler used in program development, the original code before compilation must also be written in a specific programming language, called a Hardware Description Language (HDL). There are many HDLs, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, and RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language). Currently, the most commonly used are VHDL (Very-High-Speed ​​Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog. Those skilled in the art should also understand that by simply performing some logic programming on the method flow using one of these hardware description languages ​​and programming it into an integrated circuit, the hardware circuit implementing the logical method flow can be easily obtained.

[0147] The controller can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, it can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Examples of controllers include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicon Labs C8051F320. A memory controller can also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that, in addition to implementing the controller in purely computer-readable program code form, the same functionality can be achieved by logically programming the method steps to make the controller take the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for implementing various functions can also be considered as structures within the hardware component. Alternatively, the means for implementing various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0148] The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer. Specifically, a computer can be, for example, a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular phone, camera phone, smartphone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.

[0149] For ease of description, the above devices are described separately by function as various units. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0150] Those skilled in the art will understand that one or more embodiments of this specification can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Therefore, the invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0151] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0152] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0153] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0154] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0155] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0156] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital character versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0157] This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, that are executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0158] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for short-range communication, comprising: In the first mode, the slave device acquires the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device; If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switches to the second mode; The slave device in the second mode feeds back short-range communication data to the master device; Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal, the slave device switches to the second mode, comprising: If the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal and obtains the protocol control data sent by the master device, the slave device switches to the second mode; the protocol control data includes at least one of polling data or data communication instructions.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first inductance value of the slave device in the first mode is greater than the second inductance value of the slave device in the second mode.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the slave device comprises a communication coil, a tag chip, and an auxiliary coil; in the first mode, the communication coil is connected to the tag chip; in the second mode, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are connected in parallel and then connected to the tag chip.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the communication coil and the auxiliary coil at least partially overlap; or, the communication coil and the auxiliary coil are located in the same plane.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: If the short-range communication between the slave device and the master device ends, the slave device reverts from the second mode to the first mode.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the short-range communication between the slave device and the master device terminates, specifically including: If the signal strength of the radio frequency field signal generated by the main device is less than a preset value, then the short-range communication is determined to be terminated. Alternatively, if the power supply voltage of the slave device is less than the stability threshold, then the short-range communication is determined to have ended.

8. A short-range communication tag, comprising a tag chip, a switch module, a communication coil, and an auxiliary coil; the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; the switch module is connected in series with the auxiliary coil and then in parallel with the communication coil to the tag chip; In the first mode, the switch module is in the off state, and the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; In the second mode, the switch module is in the closed state, and the auxiliary coil is connected in parallel with the communication coil and then connected to the tag chip; the first quality factor of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor in the second mode; the first resonant bandwidth of the short-range communication tag in the first mode is less than the second resonant bandwidth in the second mode.

9. The short-range communication tag according to claim 8, if the power supply voltage of the short-range communication tag reaches a stable threshold, the short-range communication tag switches from the first mode to the second mode.

10. The short-range communication tag according to claim 8, wherein the tag chip is connected to the communication coil; the switching module is connected in series with the auxiliary coil and then in parallel with the communication coil to the tag chip, comprising: The first port of the tag chip is connected to the first end of the communication coil; the second port of the tag chip is connected to the second end of the communication coil. The first port of the tag chip is connected to the first end of the switch module; the first end of the switch module is connected to the first end of the communication coil; the second end of the switch module is connected to the first end of the auxiliary coil; the second end of the auxiliary coil is connected to the second end of the communication coil; and the second end of the auxiliary coil is connected to the second end of the tag chip.

11. A short-range communication device, comprising: The signal acquisition module is used for the slave device in the first mode to acquire the radio frequency field signal sent by the master device; A mode switching module is used to switch the slave device to a second mode if the slave device reaches a stable threshold supply voltage based on the radio frequency field signal. The data feedback module is used for the slave device in the second mode to feed back short-range communication data to the master device; Specifically, within the preset operating resonant frequency range, the first quality factor of the slave device in the first mode is higher than the second quality factor of the slave device in the second mode; the second resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the second mode is greater than the first resonant bandwidth of the slave device in the first mode.

12. A short-range communication device for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7; or, comprising a short-range communication tag of any one of claims 8 to 10.

13. A computing device, comprising: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer programs / instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer programs / instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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